EP2682507A2 - Ring-traveler system of ring spinning machine - Google Patents
Ring-traveler system of ring spinning machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2682507A2 EP2682507A2 EP20130173524 EP13173524A EP2682507A2 EP 2682507 A2 EP2682507 A2 EP 2682507A2 EP 20130173524 EP20130173524 EP 20130173524 EP 13173524 A EP13173524 A EP 13173524A EP 2682507 A2 EP2682507 A2 EP 2682507A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ring
- traveler
- microcracks
- friction reduction
- plating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007378 ring spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H7/00—Spinning or twisting arrangements
- D01H7/02—Spinning or twisting arrangements for imparting permanent twist
- D01H7/52—Ring-and-traveller arrangements
- D01H7/60—Rings or travellers; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for ; Cleaning means for rings
- D01H7/602—Rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H7/00—Spinning or twisting arrangements
- D01H7/02—Spinning or twisting arrangements for imparting permanent twist
- D01H7/52—Ring-and-traveller arrangements
- D01H7/60—Rings or travellers; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for ; Cleaning means for rings
- D01H7/604—Travellers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine such as a spinning frame and a twisting frame that twists a yarn using a ring and a traveler.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-27633 describes a ring-traveler system having a longer durability and higher productivity.
- the ring that comes into contact with the traveler includes a polycrystalline ceramic surface.
- the ceramic surface of the ring has a surface structure including spherical grains. Gaps between the spherical grains provide a storage volume for a spontaneously formed fiber lubrication thin film.
- the traveler is formed from a resilient material such as metal and has a metal and/or ceramic surface.
- the metal and/or ceramic surface has a hardness that is greater than or equal to the hardness of the ceramic surface of the ring.
- the ring-traveler system of the publication uses gaps between spherical grains as the storage space for a fiber lubrication thin film.
- the fiber lubrication thin film has insufficient adhesive force. This may result in separation of the thin film during operation and thereby increase the traveling resistance of the traveler.
- one aspect of the present invention is a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine that is of a non-liquid lubrication type.
- the ring-traveler system includes a ring and a traveler that travels along the ring.
- One of the ring and the traveler includes 400 or more recesses per centimeter in a surface portion on which the other one of the ring and the traveler slides when the traveler travels.
- the ring spinning machine includes a ring spinning frame and a ring twisting frame that wind a yarn through a traveler that travels (slides) along a ring, which is supported by a ring rail and lifted and lowered.
- the recess includes a groove and a dimple surround by a flat surface.
- FIG. 1A to 4B a first embodiment of a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning frame will now be described.
- a ring-traveler system includes a ring 11 and a traveler 12.
- the ring 11 includes a flange 11a having a T-shaped cross-section.
- the traveler 12 has a C-shaped cross-section.
- the ring 11 is made of a bearing steel.
- a hard chromium plating layer 13 is applied to the flange 11a as shown in Figs. 1B and 1C .
- the hard chromium plating layer 13 has a thickness of about 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the plating layer 13 includes a surface portion on which the traveler 12 slides when the traveler 12 travels.
- the surface portion defines a friction reduction portion 14.
- the friction reduction portion 14 is formed in the inner circumference surface of the flange 11a as shown in Fig. 1C .
- the friction reduction portion 14 includes 400 or more grooves 15 per centimeter.
- the grooves 15 are also referred to as recesses.
- the grooves 15 are microcracks formed in a surface of the hard chromium plating layer 13.
- microcracks are cracks that are formed with a density of 250 or more cracks per centimeter.
- the microcracks of the present embodiment include not only the microcracks that are originally present when the hard chromium plating layer 13 is formed, but also additional microcracks formed through a surface treatment (electrolytic etching in this embodiment).
- the microcracks have different lengths and extend in random directions.
- the number of microcracks is obtained by drawing a straight line on a micrograph of the surface of the hard chromium plating layer 13 and counting the number of cracks intersecting a centimeter-long portion of the straight line.
- the cracks include cracks that are shaped like dimples and do not elongate like grooves. Since the microcracks vary in length and orientation, the straight line can be drawn at any position in the micrograph.
- the present embodiment uses electrolytic etching as a surface treatment.
- a known electrolytic etching process may be performed.
- the number of microcracks increases in accordance with the electrolytic etching time.
- the microcracks are not clearly visible on the surface of the hard chromium plating layer 13 before performing electrolytic etching. After electrolytic etching, many microcracks become visible.
- a yarn Y which is fed from a draft part (not shown), passes through the traveler 12 as shown in Fig. 1C and is wound around a bobbin (not shown) that rotates at a high speed.
- the maximum rotation speed of the ring spinning frame during normal spinning operation is about 25,000 rpm.
- the yarn Y applied tension, when being wound, to the traveler 12 so that the traveler 12 travels along the flange 11a.
- the orientation of the running traveler 12 slightly varies depending on the rotation speed, the traveler 12 travels in contact with the inner lower portion of the flange 11a.
- the ring 11 includes the friction reduction portion 14 in the surface portion on which the traveler 12 slides when the traveler 12 travels.
- the friction reduction portion 14 includes 400 or more grooves 15 per centimeter.
- the grooves 15 are microcracks formed in the surface of the hard chromium plating layer 13. The abundance of microcracks facilitates the formation of the film, which is formed by cellulose fibers that are separated from the yarn Y and adhere to the grooves 15.
- the fiber film produces a friction reduction effect without using liquid lubrication.
- the ring-traveler system improves the friction reduction effect as compared to a conventional system, and the friction reduction effect continues for a long time.
- a ring 11 was prepared that includes a friction reduction portion 14 having 700 microcracks per centimeter.
- a ring 11 was prepared that includes a friction reduction portion 14 having 1,000 microcracks per centimeter.
- a conventional ring was used as a comparative example.
- a spinning test was conducted to determine the relationship between traveling resistance and traveling distance without performing any preconditioning operation. The spinning was performed at the rotation speed of 20,000 rpm. The traveling resistance was obtained by rotatably supporting the ring and measuring the drag force applied to the ring by the traveler. Fig. 3 shows the test results.
- the rings 11 having 400 or more microcracks (grooves 15) per centimeter in the friction reduction portions 14 each had a lower traveling resistance than the conventional ring after a traveling distance of 800 km. This verified the effectiveness of the friction reduction portion 14.
- the ring 11 having 700 microcracks per centimeter and the ring 11 having 1,000 microcracks per centimeter were operated until the traveling distance reached 54,000 km. The test showed that the each ring 11 at a traveling distance of 54,000 had a traveling resistance that was generally the same as that at a traveling distance of 2,000 km.
- each ring of the present embodiment was confirmed to have a significantly high, continuous friction reduction effect compared to the conventional ring.
- the traveling resistance of the conventional ring increased at a short traveling distance. This is assumed to be resulted from a cellulose layer that was formed unevenly and increased the resistance.
- a ring 11 having 400 microcracks per centimeter in the friction reduction portion 14 was tested to determine the relationship between traveling distance and traveling resistance and confirmed to have a lower traveling resistance than the conventional ring.
- the travelers 12 were checked for abrasion.
- the traveler 12 used with the conventional ring had an abrasion 20 in the surface portion that was in contact with the ring.
- the traveler 12 that was used with the ring 11 having the friction reduction portion 14 had an abrasion 20' that was smaller than the abrasion 20.
- the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the structure of the friction reduction portion 14.
- Like or same reference numerals are given to those components that are the same as the corresponding components of the first embodiment. Such components will not be described in detail.
- the second embodiment includes a friction reduction portion 14 having a periodic structure 16.
- the periodic structure 16 includes submicron projections and depressions.
- the grooves 15 of the present embodiment are grooves 15 of the periodic structure 16 having submicron projections and depressions.
- the grooves 15 serve as recesses that form the friction reduction portion 14.
- the grooves 15 do not vary in length or orientation.
- the grooves 15 have a uniform length and extend in parallel to one another.
- the periodic structure 16 of projections and depressions are formed by emitting an extremely-short pulse laser beam such as a femtosecond pulsed laser beam on a portion where the periodic structure 16 is to be formed. This forms submicron periodic structure relatively easily.
- Fig. 6 shows the test results.
- the test was conducted on a ring 11 having the periodic structure 16 in which projections and depressions extend parallel to the circumferential direction of the ring 11.
- the traveler 12 was separated from the ring 11 when the traveling distance reached 10,400 km.
- Fig. 6 shows the test results obtained before the traveling distance reached 10,200 km.
- the graph of the Fig. 6 partially includes the test results of the first embodiment for reference.
- the traveling resistance of the ring 11 including the periodic structure 16 in the friction reduction portion 14 became lower than the traveling resistance of the conventional ring at a short traveling distance. This verified the effectiveness of the friction reduction portion 14.
- the traveling distance is relatively short, the ring 11 including the periodic structure 16 in the friction reduction portion 14 had a lower friction resistance than the rings 11 including microcracks in the friction reduction portion 14.
- the second embodiment has the following advantage in addition to advantage (1) of the first embodiment.
- the third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the structure of the friction reduction portion 14. Like or same reference numerals are given to those components that are the same as the corresponding components of the first embodiment. Such components will not be described in detail.
- a solid lubrication coating layer 18 is applied to the friction reduction portion 14 of the hard chromium plating layer 13.
- the friction reduction portion 14 includes a flat portion 19, and the solid lubrication coating layer 18 is required to be applied at least to the flat portion 19.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 is applied to the surface of each groove 15 of the friction reduction portion 14 in addition to the flat portion 19.
- the grooves 15 are microcracks.
- the groove 15 is schematically illustrated to have a V-shaped cross-section.
- the flat portion 19 is a non-crack portion that is free from microcracks.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 is formed by immersing at least the friction reduction portion 14 of the ring 11 in a solution of solid lubrication (polytetrafluoroethylene) and then drying the ring 11.
- the friction reduction portion 14 produces a friction reduction effect without using liquid lubrication.
- the friction reduction effect is achieved by lubrication of the fiber film.
- the fiber film is formed by cellulose fibers that are separated from the yarn Y during spinning and adhere to the grooves 15.
- the friction reduction effect is low until the fiber film is stably formed after the ring-traveler system begins to operate.
- the friction reduction portion 14 of the hard chromium plating layer 13 includes the solid lubrication coating layer 18 on the surface.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 reduces the friction between sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system before the fiber film is stably formed and serves as lubrication.
- a ring 11 having microcracks as the friction reduction portion 14 and a ring 11 having the solid lubrication coating layer 18 on the hard chromium plating layer 13 including microcracks were prepared.
- a conventional ring was used as a comparative example.
- the relationship between traveling distance and traveling resistance was evaluated in a similar manner as the first embodiment.
- Fig. 8 shows the test results.
- the ring 11 with microcracks had a similar traveling resistance as the conventional ring when the traveling distance was about 300 km.
- the ring 11 with microcracks and the solid lubrication coating layer 18, which is also referred to as the ring 11 with microcracks and lubrication had about half the traveling resistance of the conventional ring and the ring with microcracks from the early stage. This verified the friction reduction effect of the solid lubrication coating layer 18.
- the traveling resistance of the ring 11 with microcracks and lubrication increased with the traveling distance. After a traveling distance of 1,500 km, the traveling resistance of the ring 11 with microcracks and lubrication remained at the same level as the ring 11 with microcracks. After 1,500 km, the ring 11 with microcracks and the ring 11 with microcracks and lubrication had traveling resistances that were about 4 to 5 gf (gram-force) lower than the traveling resistance of the conventional ring.
- the test results showed that the solid lubrication coating layer 18 reduced the friction of sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system until the fiber film was stably formed and served as lubrication. After the fiber film was stably formed, the fiber film served as lubrication that reduced the friction of sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system.
- Fig. 9A shows an abrasion of the traveler 12 that was used with the ring 11 having the friction reduction portion 14 with microcracks and lubrication.
- Fig. 9B shows an abrasion of the traveler 12 that was used with the ring 11 having the friction reduction portion 14 with microcracks.
- Fig. 9C shows an abrasion of the traveler 12 that was used with the conventional ring.
- each traveler 12 that was used with the rings 11 having the friction reduction portion 14 had an abrasion 20' that was smaller than the abrasion 20.
- the third embodiment has the following advantages in addition to advantages (1) to (3) of the first embodiment.
- the friction reduction portion 14 may include as recesses both of the grooves 15 that are microcracks in the surface of the hard chromium plating layer 13 and the grooves 15 forming the periodic structure 16 of projections and depressions. This structure has both of the benefits of microcracks and the benefits of grooves 15 forming the periodic structure 16 of projections and depressions.
- the grooves 15 do not have to extend in only one direction.
- a set of grooves may extend in parallel in a first direction
- another set of grooves may extend in parallel in a second direction.
- the first direction may be parallel to the circumferential direction of the ring 11, and the second direction may be perpendicular or diagonal to the first direction.
- the first direction may be diagonal to the circumferential direction of the ring 11, and the second direction may be diagonal to the first direction.
- the grooves 15 extending diagonally to the circumferential direction of the ring 11 may be arranged at any angle relative to the circumferential direction.
- the recesses are not limited to grooves 15.
- the grooves 15 may be dimples 17 surrounded by a flat portion.
- Dimples 17 are not required to have round openings as shown in Fig. 12A .
- each dimple 17 may have an oval, elliptical, rectangular, tetragonal, or polygonal opening.
- the dimples 17 having round openings may be formed by performing bead blasting. Further, the dimples 17 are not required to have a uniform shape or size and may vary in shape and size as shown in Fig. 12B .
- the periodic structure 16 may be formed on the flange 11a without forming the hard chromium plating layer 13. However, when the ring 11 is formed from the material used for present commercially available rings, the formation of plating layer 13 is desirable.
- a method for forming the periodic structure 16 is not limited to the application of an extremely-short pulse laser such as a femtosecond pulsed laser to the portion that requires the periodic structure 16.
- an extremely-short pulse laser such as a femtosecond pulsed laser
- any chemical or physical process such as micro-etching may be performed.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 of the third embodiment which is applied to the hard chromium plating layer 13 including microcracks, is required to be applied at least to the flat portion 19.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 does not have to be applied to surfaces of the grooves 15.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 does not have to be evenly formed on the flat portion 19.
- the solid lubrication coating layer 18 may vary in thickness.
- the grooves 15 may be filled with lubrication. Sliding of the traveler will eventually peel the lubrication at least partially. Thus, even if the grooves 15 are filled with lubrication at an early stage, the grooves 15 later become capable of holding fibers.
- a method for forming the solid lubrication coating layer 18 is not limited to the method described for the third embodiment. Other chemical or physical process may be performed.
- the flange 11a of the ring 11 of the ring-traveler system is not required to have a T-shaped cross-section.
- the ring 11 may include a tilted flange 11a as shown in Fig. 11C. This structure requires a traveler 12 having a shape corresponding to the tilted flange 11a.
- the friction reduction portion 14 may be formed on the traveler 12 of the ring-traveler system instead of on the ring 11. However, the friction reduction portion 14 is preferably formed on the ring 11 since the friction reduction portion 14 on the traveler 12 has a significantly smaller area than the friction reduction portion 14 on the ring 11.
- the present invention may be embodied in other spinning machines having rings, such as a ring twisting frame.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine such as a spinning frame and a twisting frame that twists a yarn using a ring and a traveler.
- Various techniques have been proposed for ring-traveler systems of ring spinning frames to decrease frictional wear and seizing that affect the performance of the ring-traveler system, while increasing the speed and prolonging the life of the system. Such techniques include material variation, surface treatment, shape variation, and the use of liquid lubrication. In particular, the use of liquid lubrication is effective and relatively inexpensive. However, the passing yarn may be smeared with lubricating oil, and the use of oil leads to frequent maintenance. Thus, liquid lubrication is used for only limited applications such as spinning of woolen yarns.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No.
8-27633 - The ring-traveler system of the publication uses gaps between spherical grains as the storage space for a fiber lubrication thin film. Thus, the fiber lubrication thin film has insufficient adhesive force. This may result in separation of the thin film during operation and thereby increase the traveling resistance of the traveler.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine that decreases wear and improves durability (prolong life) by using a friction reduction effect obtained by lubrication with a thin film of fibers separated from yarns and adhered to sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system instead of liquid lubrication.
- To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention is a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine that is of a non-liquid lubrication type. The ring-traveler system includes a ring and a traveler that travels along the ring. One of the ring and the traveler includes 400 or more recesses per centimeter in a surface portion on which the other one of the ring and the traveler slides when the traveler travels.
- The ring spinning machine includes a ring spinning frame and a ring twisting frame that wind a yarn through a traveler that travels (slides) along a ring, which is supported by a ring rail and lifted and lowered. The recess includes a groove and a dimple surround by a flat surface.
- Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.
- The invention, together with objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
Fig. 1A is a perspective view showing a ring; -
Fig. 1B is a partial enlarged view of the ring ofFig. 1A ; -
Fig. 1C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the ring and a traveler during spinning; -
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a friction reduction portion; -
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationships between traveling resistance and traveling distance; -
Fig. 4A is a schematic view showing wear of a traveler that is used with a ring including a friction reduction portion; -
Fig. 4B is a schematic view showing wear of a traveler that is used with a conventional ring; -
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a friction reduction portion of the second embodiment; -
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationships between traveling resistance and traveling distance; -
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a friction reduction portion of the third embodiment; -
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationships between traveling resistance and traveling distance; -
Figs. 9A and 9B are schematic perspective views showing wear of travelers that are used with rings including friction reduction portions; -
Fig. 9C is a schematic perspective view showing wear of a traveler that is used with a conventional ring; -
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a periodic structure of a friction reduction portion in another embodiment; -
Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the shapes of a ring and a traveler in another embodiment; and -
Figs. 12A and 12B are schematic views showing the structures of friction reduction portions in other embodiments. - Referring to
Figs. 1A to 4B , a first embodiment of a ring-traveler system of a ring spinning frame will now be described. - Referring to
Figs. 1A to 1C , a ring-traveler system includes aring 11 and atraveler 12. Thering 11 includes aflange 11a having a T-shaped cross-section. Thetraveler 12 has a C-shaped cross-section. Thering 11 is made of a bearing steel. A hardchromium plating layer 13 is applied to theflange 11a as shown inFigs. 1B and 1C . The hardchromium plating layer 13 has a thickness of about 10 to 20 µm. - The
plating layer 13 includes a surface portion on which thetraveler 12 slides when thetraveler 12 travels. The surface portion defines afriction reduction portion 14. In the present embodiment, thefriction reduction portion 14 is formed in the inner circumference surface of theflange 11a as shown inFig. 1C . - As shown in
Fig. 2 , thefriction reduction portion 14 includes 400 ormore grooves 15 per centimeter. Thegrooves 15 are also referred to as recesses. Thegrooves 15 are microcracks formed in a surface of the hardchromium plating layer 13. According to Japan Industrial Standard H8615 "Electroplated Coatings of Chromium for Engineering Purposes," microcracks are cracks that are formed with a density of 250 or more cracks per centimeter. Specifically, the microcracks of the present embodiment include not only the microcracks that are originally present when the hardchromium plating layer 13 is formed, but also additional microcracks formed through a surface treatment (electrolytic etching in this embodiment). The microcracks have different lengths and extend in random directions. The number of microcracks is obtained by drawing a straight line on a micrograph of the surface of the hardchromium plating layer 13 and counting the number of cracks intersecting a centimeter-long portion of the straight line. The cracks include cracks that are shaped like dimples and do not elongate like grooves. Since the microcracks vary in length and orientation, the straight line can be drawn at any position in the micrograph. - A method for increasing the number of microcracks formed in the surface of the hard
chromium plating layer 13 will now be described. The present embodiment uses electrolytic etching as a surface treatment. - A known electrolytic etching process may be performed. The number of microcracks increases in accordance with the electrolytic etching time. The microcracks are not clearly visible on the surface of the hard
chromium plating layer 13 before performing electrolytic etching. After electrolytic etching, many microcracks become visible. - The operation of the ring-traveler system will now be described. A yarn Y, which is fed from a draft part (not shown), passes through the
traveler 12 as shown inFig. 1C and is wound around a bobbin (not shown) that rotates at a high speed. The maximum rotation speed of the ring spinning frame during normal spinning operation is about 25,000 rpm. The yarn Y applied tension, when being wound, to thetraveler 12 so that thetraveler 12 travels along theflange 11a. Although the orientation of the runningtraveler 12 slightly varies depending on the rotation speed, thetraveler 12 travels in contact with the inner lower portion of theflange 11a. - When metal objects are in sliding engagement with each other without lubrication in such a manner, severe wear would generally occur. Under such friction conditions of the ring-traveler system, seizing or severe wear may be expected to occur in the ring and traveler after several minutes or hours. However, the actual ring-traveler system has significantly low wear. In a cotton spinning machine, for example, the
traveler 12 is usually replaced after one or two weeks. Thus, in terms of tribology, the ring-traveler system is considered as being in an interface lubrication condition and not in a non-lubrication condition. An analysis has shown that a cellulose film serving as lubrication is formed on the surface portion of thering 11 on which thetraveler 12 slides. The cellulose film is formed by fibers that are separated from a yarn Y passing through thetraveler 12 during spinning and caught between thering 11 and thetraveler 12. - In the ring-traveler system of the present embodiment, the
ring 11 includes thefriction reduction portion 14 in the surface portion on which thetraveler 12 slides when thetraveler 12 travels. Thefriction reduction portion 14 includes 400 ormore grooves 15 per centimeter. Thegrooves 15 are microcracks formed in the surface of the hardchromium plating layer 13. The abundance of microcracks facilitates the formation of the film, which is formed by cellulose fibers that are separated from the yarn Y and adhere to thegrooves 15. The fiber film produces a friction reduction effect without using liquid lubrication. As a result, the ring-traveler system improves the friction reduction effect as compared to a conventional system, and the friction reduction effect continues for a long time. - To evaluate the effectiveness of the
friction reduction portion 14, aring 11 was prepared that includes afriction reduction portion 14 having 700 microcracks per centimeter. In addition, aring 11 was prepared that includes afriction reduction portion 14 having 1,000 microcracks per centimeter. A conventional ring was used as a comparative example. A spinning test was conducted to determine the relationship between traveling resistance and traveling distance without performing any preconditioning operation. The spinning was performed at the rotation speed of 20,000 rpm. The traveling resistance was obtained by rotatably supporting the ring and measuring the drag force applied to the ring by the traveler.Fig. 3 shows the test results. - As shown in
Fig. 3 , therings 11 having 400 or more microcracks (grooves 15) per centimeter in thefriction reduction portions 14 each had a lower traveling resistance than the conventional ring after a traveling distance of 800 km. This verified the effectiveness of thefriction reduction portion 14. To determine the stability of friction reduction effect of thefriction reduction portion 14, thering 11 having 700 microcracks per centimeter and thering 11 having 1,000 microcracks per centimeter were operated until the traveling distance reached 54,000 km. The test showed that the eachring 11 at a traveling distance of 54,000 had a traveling resistance that was generally the same as that at a traveling distance of 2,000 km. Thus, each ring of the present embodiment was confirmed to have a significantly high, continuous friction reduction effect compared to the conventional ring. The traveling resistance of the conventional ring increased at a short traveling distance. This is assumed to be resulted from a cellulose layer that was formed unevenly and increased the resistance. - Further, a
ring 11 having 400 microcracks per centimeter in thefriction reduction portion 14 was tested to determine the relationship between traveling distance and traveling resistance and confirmed to have a lower traveling resistance than the conventional ring. - In addition, the
travelers 12 were checked for abrasion. As shown inFig. 4B , thetraveler 12 used with the conventional ring had anabrasion 20 in the surface portion that was in contact with the ring. However, as shown inFig. 4A , thetraveler 12 that was used with thering 11 having thefriction reduction portion 14 had an abrasion 20' that was smaller than theabrasion 20. - The advantages of the present embodiment will now be described.
- (1) The ring-traveler system of the ring spinning machine (ring spinning frame) includes the
ring 11 having 400 ormore grooves 15 per centimeter in the surface portion on which thetraveler 12 slides when thetraveler 12 travels. Thegrooves 15 serve as recesses. Entry of the fiber film into the recesses increases the adhesive force of the fiber film to thering 11 and suppresses separation of the fiber film. The fiber film serves as lubrication and produces a friction reduction effect that maintains the traveling resistance of thetraveler 12 at a low level. The fiber film, which is formed by fibers separated from a yarn and adhere to a sliding surface of the ring-traveler system, serves as lubrication. This improves the friction reduction effect and prolongs durability (life). - (2) The recesses are microcracks formed in the surface of the hard chromium plating layer. Thus, a greater portion of the fiber film is received in the recesses compared to when the recesses are dimples. This increases the friction reduction effect resulted from lubrication of the fiber film. In general, the surface of a normal hard chromium plating layer includes about 300 microcracks per centimeter. The number of the microcracks can be increased relatively easily to 400 or more by performing etching to the hard chromium plating layer.
- (3) Electrolytic etching is performed to the hard chromium plating layer of the
ring 11 to form 400 or more microcracks in the surface of the hard chromium plating layer. The surface of the hard chromium plating layer originally includes about 300 microcracks per centimeter before performing etching. A hard chromium plating layer having 400 or more microcracks per centimeter in the surface may be prepared through treatments such as chemical etching and electrolytic etching. Electrolytic etching is more suitable than chemical etching to form a hard chromium plating layer having a desired number of microcracks. - Referring to
Figs. 5 and6 , the second embodiment will now be described. The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the structure of thefriction reduction portion 14. Like or same reference numerals are given to those components that are the same as the corresponding components of the first embodiment. Such components will not be described in detail. - The second embodiment includes a
friction reduction portion 14 having aperiodic structure 16. As shown inFig. 5 , theperiodic structure 16 includes submicron projections and depressions. Unlike the first embodiment in which thegrooves 15 are microcracks, thegrooves 15 of the present embodiment aregrooves 15 of theperiodic structure 16 having submicron projections and depressions. Thegrooves 15 serve as recesses that form thefriction reduction portion 14. Unlike the microcracks, thegrooves 15 do not vary in length or orientation. Thegrooves 15 have a uniform length and extend in parallel to one another. - The
periodic structure 16 of projections and depressions are formed by emitting an extremely-short pulse laser beam such as a femtosecond pulsed laser beam on a portion where theperiodic structure 16 is to be formed. This forms submicron periodic structure relatively easily. - A test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the
periodic structure 16. - In the same manner as the first embodiment, the
ring 11 including theperiodic structure 16 as thefriction reduction portion 14 was tested to determine the relationship between traveling distance and traveling resistance.Fig. 6 shows the test results. The test was conducted on aring 11 having theperiodic structure 16 in which projections and depressions extend parallel to the circumferential direction of thering 11. In the test, thetraveler 12 was separated from thering 11 when the traveling distance reached 10,400 km. Thus,Fig. 6 shows the test results obtained before the traveling distance reached 10,200 km. The graph of theFig. 6 partially includes the test results of the first embodiment for reference. - As shown in
Fig. 6 , the traveling resistance of thering 11 including theperiodic structure 16 in thefriction reduction portion 14 became lower than the traveling resistance of the conventional ring at a short traveling distance. This verified the effectiveness of thefriction reduction portion 14. When the traveling distance is relatively short, thering 11 including theperiodic structure 16 in thefriction reduction portion 14 had a lower friction resistance than therings 11 including microcracks in thefriction reduction portion 14. - The second embodiment has the following advantage in addition to advantage (1) of the first embodiment.
- (4) Recesses are
grooves 15 forming theperiodic structure 16 of projections and depressions. Thegrooves 15 discharge abrasion particles when thetraveler 12 slides. This further reduces the friction resistance. - (5) The
periodic structure 16 of projections and depressions are formed by emitting an extremely-short pulse laser beam such as a femtosecond pulsed laser beam to a portion where theperiodic structure 16 is to be formed. Although theperiodic structure 16 can be formed through etching, the submicronperiodic structure 16 is formed relatively easily with an extremely-short pulse laser such as a femtosecond pulsed laser. - Referring to
Figs. 7 to 9C , the third embodiment will now be described. The third embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the structure of thefriction reduction portion 14. Like or same reference numerals are given to those components that are the same as the corresponding components of the first embodiment. Such components will not be described in detail. - As shown in
Fig. 7 , a solidlubrication coating layer 18 is applied to thefriction reduction portion 14 of the hardchromium plating layer 13. Thefriction reduction portion 14 includes aflat portion 19, and the solidlubrication coating layer 18 is required to be applied at least to theflat portion 19. In the present embodiment, the solidlubrication coating layer 18 is applied to the surface of eachgroove 15 of thefriction reduction portion 14 in addition to theflat portion 19. Thegrooves 15 are microcracks. InFig. 7 , thegroove 15 is schematically illustrated to have a V-shaped cross-section. Theflat portion 19 is a non-crack portion that is free from microcracks. - The solid
lubrication coating layer 18 is formed by immersing at least thefriction reduction portion 14 of thering 11 in a solution of solid lubrication (polytetrafluoroethylene) and then drying thering 11. - As described in the first embodiment, the
friction reduction portion 14 produces a friction reduction effect without using liquid lubrication. The friction reduction effect is achieved by lubrication of the fiber film. The fiber film is formed by cellulose fibers that are separated from the yarn Y during spinning and adhere to thegrooves 15. However, the friction reduction effect is low until the fiber film is stably formed after the ring-traveler system begins to operate. However, in the present embodiment, thefriction reduction portion 14 of the hardchromium plating layer 13 includes the solidlubrication coating layer 18 on the surface. The solidlubrication coating layer 18 reduces the friction between sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system before the fiber film is stably formed and serves as lubrication. - To evaluate the effectiveness of the solid
lubrication coating layer 18, aring 11 having microcracks as thefriction reduction portion 14 and aring 11 having the solidlubrication coating layer 18 on the hardchromium plating layer 13 including microcracks were prepared. A conventional ring was used as a comparative example. The relationship between traveling distance and traveling resistance was evaluated in a similar manner as the first embodiment.Fig. 8 shows the test results. - As shown in
Fig. 8 , thering 11 with microcracks had a similar traveling resistance as the conventional ring when the traveling distance was about 300 km. However, thering 11 with microcracks and the solidlubrication coating layer 18, which is also referred to as thering 11 with microcracks and lubrication, had about half the traveling resistance of the conventional ring and the ring with microcracks from the early stage. This verified the friction reduction effect of the solidlubrication coating layer 18. - In an early stage, the traveling resistance of the
ring 11 with microcracks and lubrication increased with the traveling distance. After a traveling distance of 1,500 km, the traveling resistance of thering 11 with microcracks and lubrication remained at the same level as thering 11 with microcracks. After 1,500 km, thering 11 with microcracks and thering 11 with microcracks and lubrication had traveling resistances that were about 4 to 5 gf (gram-force) lower than the traveling resistance of the conventional ring. - The test results showed that the solid
lubrication coating layer 18 reduced the friction of sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system until the fiber film was stably formed and served as lubrication. After the fiber film was stably formed, the fiber film served as lubrication that reduced the friction of sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system. - In addition, the
travelers 12 were checked for abrasion.Fig. 9A shows an abrasion of thetraveler 12 that was used with thering 11 having thefriction reduction portion 14 with microcracks and lubrication.Fig. 9B shows an abrasion of thetraveler 12 that was used with thering 11 having thefriction reduction portion 14 with microcracks.Fig. 9C shows an abrasion of thetraveler 12 that was used with the conventional ring. - As shown in
Fig. 9C , thetraveler 12 used with the conventional ring had anabrasion 20 in the surface portion that was in contact with the conventional ring. However, as shown inFigs. 9A and 9B , eachtraveler 12 that was used with therings 11 having thefriction reduction portion 14 had an abrasion 20' that was smaller than theabrasion 20. - The third embodiment has the following advantages in addition to advantages (1) to (3) of the first embodiment.
- (6) The solid
lubrication coating layer 18 is applied at least to theflat portion 19 of the hardchromium plating layer 13 having microcracks. This structure reduces the friction of sliding surfaces of the ring-traveler system even before the fiber film is stably formed and serves as lubrication after the ring-traveler system begins to operate. In addition, at the beginning of operation, the solidlubrication coating layer 18 applied to theflat portion 19 improves cooperation between the traveler and the ring. - It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Particularly, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in the following forms.
- The
friction reduction portion 14 may include as recesses both of thegrooves 15 that are microcracks in the surface of the hardchromium plating layer 13 and thegrooves 15 forming theperiodic structure 16 of projections and depressions. This structure has both of the benefits of microcracks and the benefits ofgrooves 15 forming theperiodic structure 16 of projections and depressions. - When the
friction reduction portion 14 includes theperiodic structure 16, thegrooves 15 do not have to extend in only one direction. For example, as shown inFig. 10 , a set of grooves may extend in parallel in a first direction, and another set of grooves may extend in parallel in a second direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the circumferential direction of thering 11, and the second direction may be perpendicular or diagonal to the first direction. Further, the first direction may be diagonal to the circumferential direction of thering 11, and the second direction may be diagonal to the first direction. - The
grooves 15 extending diagonally to the circumferential direction of thering 11 may be arranged at any angle relative to the circumferential direction. - The recesses are not limited to
grooves 15. As shown inFigs. 12A and 12B , thegrooves 15 may bedimples 17 surrounded by a flat portion.Dimples 17 are not required to have round openings as shown inFig. 12A . For example, eachdimple 17 may have an oval, elliptical, rectangular, tetragonal, or polygonal opening. Thedimples 17 having round openings may be formed by performing bead blasting. Further, thedimples 17 are not required to have a uniform shape or size and may vary in shape and size as shown inFig. 12B . - The
periodic structure 16 may be formed on theflange 11a without forming the hardchromium plating layer 13. However, when thering 11 is formed from the material used for present commercially available rings, the formation of platinglayer 13 is desirable. - A method for forming the
periodic structure 16 is not limited to the application of an extremely-short pulse laser such as a femtosecond pulsed laser to the portion that requires theperiodic structure 16. For example, any chemical or physical process such as micro-etching may be performed. - The solid
lubrication coating layer 18 of the third embodiment, which is applied to the hardchromium plating layer 13 including microcracks, is required to be applied at least to theflat portion 19. The solidlubrication coating layer 18 does not have to be applied to surfaces of thegrooves 15. - The solid
lubrication coating layer 18 does not have to be evenly formed on theflat portion 19. The solidlubrication coating layer 18 may vary in thickness. - The
grooves 15 may be filled with lubrication. Sliding of the traveler will eventually peel the lubrication at least partially. Thus, even if thegrooves 15 are filled with lubrication at an early stage, thegrooves 15 later become capable of holding fibers. - A method for forming the solid
lubrication coating layer 18 is not limited to the method described for the third embodiment. Other chemical or physical process may be performed. - The
flange 11a of thering 11 of the ring-traveler system is not required to have a T-shaped cross-section. For example, thering 11 may include a tiltedflange 11a as shown inFig. 11C. This structure requires atraveler 12 having a shape corresponding to the tiltedflange 11a. - The
friction reduction portion 14 may be formed on thetraveler 12 of the ring-traveler system instead of on thering 11. However, thefriction reduction portion 14 is preferably formed on thering 11 since thefriction reduction portion 14 on thetraveler 12 has a significantly smaller area than thefriction reduction portion 14 on thering 11. - In addition to a ring spinning frame, the present invention may be embodied in other spinning machines having rings, such as a ring twisting frame.
- Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalence of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
- A ring-traveler system of a ring spinning machine, wherein the ring-traveler system is of a non-liquid lubrication type, the ring-traveler system comprising:a ring (11); anda traveler (12) that travels along the ring (11), the ring-traveler system being characterized in thatone of the ring (11) and the traveler (12) includes 400 or more recesses (15) per centimeter in a surface portion on which the other one of the ring (11) and the traveler (12) slides when the traveler (12) travels.
- The ring-traveler system according to claim 1, wherein
the one of the ring (11) and the traveler (12) includes a hard chromium plating layer (13), and
the recesses (15) are microcracks (15) formed in a surface of the hard chromium plating layer (13). - The ring-traveler system according to claim 2, wherein
the hard chromium plating layer (13) includes a non-crack portion (19) that is free from the microcracks (15), and
a solid lubrication coating layer (18) is formed at least on the non-crack portion (19). - The ring-traveler system according to claim 1, wherein the recesses (15) are grooves (15) forming a periodic structure (16) of projections and depressions.
- The ring-traveler system according to claim 1, wherein
the one of the ring (11) and the traveler (12) includes a hard chromium plating layer (13), and
the recesses (15) include microcracks (15) formed in a surface of the hard chromium plating layer (13) and grooves (15) forming a periodic structure (16) of projections and depressions. - The ring-traveler system according to claim 5, wherein
the hard chromium plating layer (13) includes a non-crack portion (19) that is free from the microcracks (15), and
a solid lubrication coating layer (18) is formed at least on the non-crack portion (19). - A ring (11) of a ring spinning machine, the ring (11) comprising a surface portion on which a traveler (12) slides when the traveler (12) travels, the ring (11) being characterized in that
the surface portion includes 400 or more recesses (15) per centimeter. - A traveler (12) of a ring spinning machine, the traveler (12) comprising a surface portion on which a ring (11) slides when the traveler (12) travels, the traveler (12) being characterized in that
the surface portion includes 400 or more recesses (15) per centimeter.
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JP2012150493 | 2012-07-04 | ||
JP2013094012A JP5994721B2 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2013-04-26 | Ring spinning machine / traveler system |
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EP2682507A2 true EP2682507A2 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2682507A3 EP2682507A3 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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EP13173524.3A Active EP2682507B1 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2013-06-25 | Ring-traveler system of ring spinning machine |
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EP (1) | EP2682507B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5994721B2 (en) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3009541A1 (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring-traveler device of ring type spinning machine |
CN107043972A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-15 | 德州富华生态科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-doffing end breaking composite plane rings |
EP3587633A1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring-traveler system of ring-type spinning machine |
EP3599302A1 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring/traveler system for ring spinning machine |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP6027998B2 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-11-16 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Ring / traveler system without liquid lubrication of ring spinning machine |
JP6814725B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-01-20 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Spinning frame ring |
JP7390969B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-12-04 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Ring for spinning machine and its manufacturing method |
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GB705579A (en) * | 1949-08-24 | 1954-03-17 | Rieter Joh Jacob & Cie Ag | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of traveller rings for textile spinning and twisting-frames |
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JPS5242180A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-04-01 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp | Method and appartus for dividing of liuid sample |
JPS6036490B2 (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1985-08-21 | 金井 宏之 | Sintered ring for spinning machines and its manufacturing method |
JPH05125625A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-05-21 | Kanai Hiroyuki | Ring for spinning machine |
JP4059621B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2008-03-12 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | Chromium plating sliding member and manufacturing method thereof |
KR100662722B1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-12-28 | 가부시끼가이샤 리켄 | Composite chromium plating film and sliding member having the same and its production method |
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2013
- 2013-04-26 JP JP2013094012A patent/JP5994721B2/en active Active
- 2013-06-25 EP EP13173524.3A patent/EP2682507B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-02 CN CN201310274472.1A patent/CN103526358B/en active Active
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JPH0827633A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1996-01-30 | Cerasiv Gmbh Innovatives Keramik Engineering | Ring/traveler system in spinning frame and twisting frame |
Cited By (5)
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EP3009541A1 (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring-traveler device of ring type spinning machine |
CN105525399A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-27 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | Ring-traveler device of ring type spinning machine |
CN107043972A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-15 | 德州富华生态科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-doffing end breaking composite plane rings |
EP3587633A1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring-traveler system of ring-type spinning machine |
EP3599302A1 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Ring/traveler system for ring spinning machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2682507B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
EP2682507A3 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
JP5994721B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CN103526358A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2014029046A (en) | 2014-02-13 |
CN103526358B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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