EP2678877B1 - Magnetothermal actuator - Google Patents

Magnetothermal actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2678877B1
EP2678877B1 EP12709944.8A EP12709944A EP2678877B1 EP 2678877 B1 EP2678877 B1 EP 2678877B1 EP 12709944 A EP12709944 A EP 12709944A EP 2678877 B1 EP2678877 B1 EP 2678877B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
actuator
magnetothermal
coil
moving
heat
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EP12709944.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2678877A1 (en
Inventor
Guillaume LACOMBE
Patrice Joyeux
Dominique Werner
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/142—Electrothermal mechanisms actuated due to change of magnetic permeability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetothermal actuator in general, more particularly intended for an electrical appliance, in particular of the circuit-breaker type, and designed to ensure the breaking of at least one electric line in the event of a fault resulting in a rapid rise of the current, by example following a short circuit, or slow in case of overload in the circuit.
  • the invention also relates to electrical apparatus which is provided with such a magnetothermal actuator.
  • the magnetic tripping is generally ensured by a coil connected in series in the circuit, and which cooperates with a magnetic circuit with fixed yoke and moving part channeling the magnetic field produced by the coil, the movable member playing the role, directly or via a firing pin, trigger element of the mechanical lock.
  • this component and the magnet are indeed secured by the force exerted by the magnet.
  • the temperature rises in the product, and in particular in the thermosensitive material component. If the temperature exceeds the Curie point of the constituent material of this component, the magnetic field exerted by the magnet no longer has an attractive effect on said component.
  • the magnetic actuator is conventionally composed of a coil placed in series in the electrical line, and surrounding a mobile core, the magnetic induction produced by the coil being adapted to drive said core between two positions representing two states respectively active and inactive the actuator, return means of the movable core in position corresponding to the inactive state being provided.
  • the permanent magnet is in the axis of the movable core, and separated therefrom by the thermosensitive component with a low Curie point.
  • said core When the Curie point is exceeded, and the magnetic field exerted by the magnet has no effect on the component in question, said core is found free and can be driven by the magnetic field produced by the coil. In such a design, it is the magnetic field generated by the coil which is causing the displacement of the movable core, and therefore the mechanical lock for triggering the mechanism of the circuit breaker.
  • the force generated by the magnetic field due to the coil must be sufficient to move the mobile core during a simple current overload. It is therefore necessary that the dimensioning of the coil is carried out accordingly, that is to say that the number of turns constituting it is increased relative to an actuator traditionally devolved to the simple magnetic function, which does not involve the mobile core at these relatively low current values, but only when there is a consequent rise in current for example following a short circuit.
  • thermosensitive material component with a low Curie point
  • said part of the thermal actuator is thermoconductive, and arranged with respect to the coil so as to be heated by it.
  • this part can be provided conductive, high resistivity, and connected in series to the coil. It is then heated by Joule effect.
  • the part that is supposed to communicate its heat to the thermosensitive material component so that it reaches its Curie point must draw its heat from an element whose temperature necessarily increases in the event of a defect in the line: the coil, whose constitution and spatial configuration allow the emission and collection of heat in a confined space, is involved in this case.
  • the actuator comprises an actuating means which must be driven by the movable core and the movable part of the thermal actuator.
  • said actuating means may consist of a moving striker which then hits the trigger of the mechanical lock, causing the opening of the contacts.
  • thermosensitive low point Curie component may be composed of an alloy of iron and nickel.
  • the striker may, in a preferred configuration, be driven by the movable core which moves along the axis of the coil against a compression spring resting on a fixed core of the magnetic actuator through which passes the firing pin, which then passes successively through the fixed part and the moving part of the thermal actuator, between which is interposed a spring intended to move said parts apart, the firing pin having in the vicinity of its free end a bearing flange on the face of said distal mobile part of the mobile core.
  • the striker acts in this case in a direction from the magnetic actuator to the thermal actuator.
  • the reverse can also be implemented, with an alternative configuration as mentioned below.
  • the striker is driven by the moving part of the thermal actuator, which moves under the effect of a spring interposed between the movable and fixed parts of the thermal actuator along the axis of the coil to the against a compression spring resting on a fixed core of the magnetic actuator through which the striker passes after having passed through the movable core, the striker then comprising a bearing flange on the radial wall of the proximal movable core of the fixed core.
  • the fixed part of the thermal actuator may consist of the conductive part connected to the coil, the thermosensitive component attached to the said part and an envelope of insulating material consisting of a first sleeve guiding in translation the mobile part of the thermal actuator, integral with a second sleeve coaxial with the first, around which is wound the coil, and guiding in translation the movable core of the magnetic actuator.
  • a variant may consist of said fixed part consists of the thermosensitive component attached to said conductive part and a heat-conducting material casing consisting of a first sleeve guiding in translation the moving part of the thermal actuator , secured to a second sleeve coaxial with the first, around which is wound the coil, and guiding in translation the movable core of the magnetic actuator.
  • the moving part may in turn consist of the magnet secured to a pallet of ferromagnetic material, of cylindrical shape adapted to guide its movement in the first sleeve and to constitute a magnetic circuit with the thermosensitive component, the latter and / or the conductive part being fixed (e) to a wall of radial appearance separating the two coaxial sleeves.
  • the invention relates not only to the magnetothermal actuator, but also to a magnetothermic tripping system for electrical apparatus of the line protection circuit breaker type, comprising an actuator whose coil is placed in series in said line, characterized in that what the actuating means is intended to do trigger a mechanical lock to open the line in case of overvoltage or short circuit.
  • It also relates to a circuit breaker type electrical protection device comprising a magnetothermic tripping system.
  • the magnetic actuator consists of a coil (1), a movable core (2), a fixed core (3) and first return means consisting of a spring (4).
  • a firing pin (5) driven by the movable core (2) makes it possible, if necessary, to act on a trigger of a mechanical lock.
  • the operation of the magnetic actuator is traditional: during a significant rise in current I, due for example to a short-circuit, the magnetic field produced by the coil (1) causes the displacement of the mobile core (2) to the against the spring (4), driving the striker (5).
  • Said movable core (2) moves in the direction of the fixed core (3) which also serves as a stop during its translational movement.
  • a sleeve (6) surrounds and guides the movable core (2) sliding therein.
  • the thermal actuator is located in the extension of the magnetic actuator, and is essentially composed of a part (7) traversed by the current I, the component (8) of thermosensitive material low Curie point, second return means in the form of a second spring (9), a permanent magnet (10) and a magnetic yoke pallet (11) for the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet (10).
  • these elements have for example a circular symmetry around an axis which is also the axis of the coil (1) and / or movement of the firing pin (5). This crosses through the central orifices all of the elements constituting the thermal actuator.
  • the striker (5) further has a flange (13) cooperating with the pallet (11) which drives it in the direction of the arrow F when the thermal actuator is activated.
  • the operation is as follows: when the power line undergoes a slow rise in the current, for example following an overload, the magnetic field produced by the coil is not sufficient to move the movable core (2) against the means spring (4).
  • the part (7) directly heated by passage of the current in the configuration of the figure 1 , increases the temperature of the thermosensitive component (8) towards which the pallet (11) is attracted because of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet (10).
  • the second return means (9) are provided so that at room temperature, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet (10) is greater than the restoring force of the spring (9).
  • thermosensitive component (8) When the temperature reaches in the thermosensitive component (8) the Curie point, said component (8) demagnetizes, causing the opening of the magnetic circuit that it constitutes with the pallet (11), under the effect of the spring (9). ).
  • the pallet moves in the direction of the arrow F, and drives the striker (5), which activates, in the event of an electrical device with mechanical lock, a trigger forming part of said lock.
  • the part (7) heated by direct passage of the current I is no longer close to the coil (1) but at the end of the distal thermal actuator of said coil (1).
  • the spring (9) pushes the pallet (11) towards the coil (1), and the striker (5) must therefore develop in this direction. direction, with a displacement that goes in the direction of the arrow F '.
  • the movable core (2) must therefore move in the same direction, and be located near the thermal actuator, contrary to the configuration shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the flange (13) of the striker (5) is now located in a recess (14) of the movable core (2), so as to be driven by the movable core (2) when the sudden and significant rise in the current I generates in the coil a magnetic field capable of moving said movable core (2) against the spring (4).
  • the figure (3 ) illustrates a configuration in which the conductive part (7) traversed by the current is removed.
  • the heating of the coil (1) is indirect and only the latter is traversed by the current 1.
  • the thermal actuator is now made of a material which carries the heat, and it is primarily the thicker base (15) of said envelope which heats the thermosensitive material component (8) with a low Curie point.
  • the contact surface between these elements, developing radially is the largest possible contact surface so as to transmit the heat energy from one to the other.
  • the configuration and operation of the variant proposed in figure 3 are identical to that of the configuration of the figure 1 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a trait à un actionneur magnétothermique en général, plus particulièrement destiné à un appareil électrique notamment du type disjoncteur, et conçu pour assurer la coupure d'au moins une ligne électrique en cas de défaut entraînant une élévation soit rapide du courant, par exemple suite à un court-circuit, soit lente en cas de surcharge dans le circuit. L'invention concerne également les appareils électriques qui sont munis d'un tel actionneur magnétothermique.The present invention relates to a magnetothermal actuator in general, more particularly intended for an electrical appliance, in particular of the circuit-breaker type, and designed to ensure the breaking of at least one electric line in the event of a fault resulting in a rapid rise of the current, by example following a short circuit, or slow in case of overload in the circuit. The invention also relates to electrical apparatus which is provided with such a magnetothermal actuator.

L'ouverture d'une ligne en cas d'apparition d'une défaillance telle que mentionnée ci-dessus résulte de l'existence, dans de tels appareils, d'un contact fixe et d'un contact mobile pouvant être séparés - dans cette hypothèse - par l'action de l'actionneur magnétothermique sur une serrure mécanique de déclenchement. Ces deux contacts sont disposés entre deux bornes de connexion qui permettent d'insérer l'appareil en série dans la ligne concernée.The opening of a line in case of occurrence of a failure as mentioned above results from the existence, in such devices, of a fixed contact and a movable contact that can be separated - in this case. hypothesis - by the action of the magnetothermal actuator on a mechanical trigger lock. These two contacts are arranged between two connection terminals which allow to insert the device in series in the line concerned.

Les deux types de défaillance sont respectivement pris en charge par une partie magnétique et une partie thermique de l'actionneur dont les temps de réaction sont très différents et correspondent en pratique au défaut qui apparaît sur la ligne. Ainsi, une élévation brusque et importante du courant, qui provient généralement d'un court-circuit sur la ligne à protéger, doit entraîner une ouverture rapide des contacts pour éviter d'endommager les dispositifs connectés au circuit. Une surcharge, reflétant une demande de courant sur la ligne correspondant à une charge trop élevée, mobilise plutôt le système de déclenchement thermique. Ce dernier prend souvent la forme d'un bilame qui se déforme sous l'action du chauffage excessif résultant de la surcharge de courant, et fait déclencher une serrure mécanique provoquant l'ouverture des contacts.Both types of failure are respectively supported by a magnetic part and a thermal part of the actuator whose reaction times are very different and correspond in practice to the defect that appears on the line. Thus, a sharp and significant rise in current, which usually comes from a short circuit on the line to be protected, must cause a rapid opening of the contacts to avoid damaging the devices connected to the circuit. An overload, reflecting a current demand on the line corresponding to a load that is too high, rather mobilizes the thermal trip system. The latter often takes the form of a bimetallic strip that deforms under the action of excessive heating resulting from the current overload, and triggers a mechanical lock causing the opening of the contacts.

Le déclenchement magnétique est en général assuré par une bobine connectée en série dans le circuit, et qui coopère avec un circuit magnétique à culasse fixe et partie mobile canalisant le champ magnétique produit par la bobine, l'organe mobile jouant le rôle, directement ou via un percuteur, d'élément déclencheur de la serrure mécanique.The magnetic tripping is generally ensured by a coil connected in series in the circuit, and which cooperates with a magnetic circuit with fixed yoke and moving part channeling the magnetic field produced by the coil, the movable member playing the role, directly or via a firing pin, trigger element of the mechanical lock.

En remplacement d'un bilame thermique, il a été proposé d'insérer dans de tels actionneurs magnétothermiques un second système magnétique basé sur l'existence d'un aimant permanent coopérant magnétiquement avec un composant en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie, en vue de maintenir l'actionneur magnétothermique à l'état inactif lorsque la température dudit composant est en dessous du point de Curie.In replacement of a thermal bimetallic strip, it has been proposed to insert in such magnetothermal actuators a second magnetic system based on the existence of a permanent magnet cooperating magnetically with a component made of thermosensitive material with a low Curie point in order to maintaining the magnetothermal actuator in the inactive state when the temperature of said component is below the Curie point.

A température ambiante, ce composant et l'aimant sont en effet solidarisés par la force qu'exerce l'aimant. Lors d'une surcharge lente de courant, la température s'élève dans le produit, et en particulier dans le composant en matériau thermosensible. Si la température dépasse le point de Curie du matériau constitutif de ce composant, le champ magnétique qu'exerce l'aimant n'a plus d'effet attractif sur ledit composant. On peut alors concevoir un dispositif mécanique dans lequel un élément se déplace et actionne, directement ou indirectement, un déclencheur d'une serrure, aboutissant in fine à séparer le contact mobile du contact fixe.At room temperature, this component and the magnet are indeed secured by the force exerted by the magnet. During a slow current overload, the temperature rises in the product, and in particular in the thermosensitive material component. If the temperature exceeds the Curie point of the constituent material of this component, the magnetic field exerted by the magnet no longer has an attractive effect on said component. One can then design a mechanical device in which an element moves and actuates, directly or indirectly, a trigger of a lock, ultimately resulting in separating the movable contact from the fixed contact.

Il existe déjà des appareils qui sont basés sur ce principe, comme celui qui est divulgué dans le brevet allemand DE 30 28 900 , soit celui qui est divulgué dans le brevet américain US 4 288 769 . Dans ce cas, l'actionneur magnétique est composé classiquement d'une bobine placée en série dans la ligne électrique, et entourant un noyau mobile, l'induction magnétique produite par la bobine étant apte à entraîner ledit noyau entre deux positions matérialisant deux états respectivement actif et inactif de l'actionneur, des moyens de rappel du noyau mobile en position correspondant à l'état inactif étant prévus. Dans la configuration divulguée dans le brevet allemand, l'aimant permanent se trouve dans l'axe du noyau mobile, et séparé de celui-ci par le composant thermosensible à faible point de Curie. Lorsque le point de Curie est dépassé, et que le champ magnétique qu'exerce l'aimant n'a plus d'effet sur le composant en question, ledit noyau se retrouve libre et peut être entraîné par le champ magnétique que produit la bobine. Dans une telle conception, c'est le champ magnétique généré par la bobine qui est à l'origine du déplacement du noyau mobile, et par conséquent de la serrure mécanique permettant de déclencher le mécanisme du disjoncteur.There are already devices that are based on this principle, like the one that is disclosed in the German patent DE 30 28 900 which is disclosed in the US patent US 4,288,769 . In this case, the magnetic actuator is conventionally composed of a coil placed in series in the electrical line, and surrounding a mobile core, the magnetic induction produced by the coil being adapted to drive said core between two positions representing two states respectively active and inactive the actuator, return means of the movable core in position corresponding to the inactive state being provided. In the configuration disclosed in the German patent, the permanent magnet is in the axis of the movable core, and separated therefrom by the thermosensitive component with a low Curie point. When the Curie point is exceeded, and the magnetic field exerted by the magnet has no effect on the component in question, said core is found free and can be driven by the magnetic field produced by the coil. In such a design, it is the magnetic field generated by the coil which is causing the displacement of the movable core, and therefore the mechanical lock for triggering the mechanism of the circuit breaker.

Dans cette hypothèse, l'effort généré par le champ magnétique dû à la bobine doit être suffisant pour déplacer le noyau mobile lors d'une simple surcharge de courant. Il faut donc que le dimensionnement de la bobine soit réalisé en conséquence, c'est-à-dire que le nombre de spires qui la constitue soit augmenté par rapport à un actionneur traditionnellement dévolu à la simple fonction magnétique, lequel n'entraîne pas le noyau mobile à ces valeurs relativement basses de courant, mais uniquement lorsqu'il y a une élévation conséquente du courant par exemple consécutive à un court-circuit.In this case, the force generated by the magnetic field due to the coil must be sufficient to move the mobile core during a simple current overload. It is therefore necessary that the dimensioning of the coil is carried out accordingly, that is to say that the number of turns constituting it is increased relative to an actuator traditionally devolved to the simple magnetic function, which does not involve the mobile core at these relatively low current values, but only when there is a consequent rise in current for example following a short circuit.

Cette configuration, qui fait intervenir le même type de fonctionnement pour les deux types de défaillances que le produit est conçu pour détecter, ne permet pas d'optimiser le dimensionnement de l'actionneur. Pour produire un effort suffisant à vaincre l'effet d'attraction de l'aimant permanent, il faut surdimensionner la bobine en augmentant le nombre de ses spires, ce qui engendre un besoin accru en matériau constitutif de la bobine par rapport à un produit traditionnel.This configuration, which involves the same type of operation for both types of failures that the product is designed to detect, does not allow to optimize the dimensioning of the actuator. To produce a sufficient effort to overcome the attraction effect of the permanent magnet, it is necessary to oversize the coil by increasing the number of its turns, which generates an increased need for material constituting the coil compared to a traditional product. .

Ce problème est résolu dans l'actionneur thermique de l'invention, qui propose une solution dans laquelle les fonctions magnétique et thermique, bien que reposant sur le même principe utilisant un composant en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie, permettent de décorréler la détection des deux types de défaut.This problem is solved in the thermal actuator of the invention, which proposes a solution in which the magnetic and thermal functions, although based on the same principle using a thermosensitive material component with a low Curie point, make it possible to decorrelate the detection. of both types of defect.

A cet effet, l'actionneur magnétothermique de l'invention, comportant classiquement :

  • un actionneur magnétique constitué d'une bobine placée en série dans une ligne électrique, entourant un noyau mobile et apte à l'entraîner entre deux positions matérialisant deux états respectivement actif et inactif de l'actionneur, des premiers moyens de rappel du noyau mobile en position correspondant à l'état inactif de l'actionneur, et
  • un actionneur thermique formé d'un aimant permanent coopérant magnétiquement avec un composant en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie, en vue de maintenir l'actionneur magnétothermique à l'état inactif lorsque la température dudit composant est en dessous du point de Curie,
et le composant en matériau thermosensible est fixé à une pièce dont la température augmente en cas d'élévation du courant, des seconds moyens de rappel étant interposés entre l'aimant permanent et ledit composant, l'un des deux étant attaché à une partie fixe et l'autre solidarisé à une partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique par rapport à la bobine en vue de les écarter l'un de l'autre lorsque la température dépasse le point de Curie dans le composant thermosensible, lesdits seconds moyens de rappel les faisant alors passer d'un premier positionnement relatif correspondant à l'état inactif de l'actionneur à un second positionnement relatif correspondant à son état actif.For this purpose, the magnetothermic actuator of the invention, conventionally comprising:
  • a magnetic actuator consisting of a coil placed in series in a power line, surrounding a movable core and adapted to drive it between two positions embodying two states respectively active and inactive of the actuator, first return means of the movable core in position corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator, and
  • a thermal actuator formed of a permanent magnet cooperating magnetically with a component of low temperature Curie thermosensitive material, for maintaining the magnetothermic actuator in the inactive state when the temperature of said component is below the Curie point,
and the thermosensitive material component is attached to a part whose temperature increases with increasing current, second return means being interposed between the permanent magnet and said component, one of the two being attached to a fixed part and the other secured to a movable portion of the thermal actuator relative to the coil to move away from one another when the temperature exceeds the Curie point in the thermosensitive component, said second biasing means then moving from a first relative positioning corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator to a second relative positioning corresponding to its active state.

Il y a donc une partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique dont le déplacement, visant à actionner le déclencheur, ne relève plus d'une énergie magnétique mais d'une énergie mécanique provenant des seconds moyens de rappel.There is therefore a movable part of the thermal actuator whose movement, aimed at actuating the trigger, is no longer a magnetic energy but a mechanical energy from the second return means.

Selon une première possibilité, ladite pièce de l'actionneur thermique dont la température varie en fonction de l'intensité du courant est thermoconductrice, et disposée par rapport à la bobine de manière à être chauffée par celle-ci. Alternativement cette pièce peut être prévue conductrice, à forte résistivité, et connectée en série à la bobine. Elle est alors chauffée par effet Joule.According to a first possibility, said part of the thermal actuator, the temperature of which varies as a function of the intensity of the current, is thermoconductive, and arranged with respect to the coil so as to be heated by it. Alternatively this part can be provided conductive, high resistivity, and connected in series to the coil. It is then heated by Joule effect.

Dans le premier cas, la pièce qui est supposée communiquer sa chaleur au composant en matériau thermosensible afin que celui-ci atteigne son point de Curie doit tirer sa chaleur d'un élément dont la température augmente nécessairement en cas de défaut dans la ligne : la bobine, dont la constitution et la configuration spatiale permettent l'émission et la collecte de chaleur dans un espace confiné, est mise à contribution en l'espèce.In the first case, the part that is supposed to communicate its heat to the thermosensitive material component so that it reaches its Curie point must draw its heat from an element whose temperature necessarily increases in the event of a defect in the line: the coil, whose constitution and spatial configuration allow the emission and collection of heat in a confined space, is involved in this case.

De préférence, l'actionneur comporte un moyen d'actionnement qui doit être entraîné par le noyau mobile et par la partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique. Selon une possibilité assez classique dans ce genre d'appareil, ledit moyen d'actionnement peut être constitué d'un percuteur mobile qui vient alors heurter le déclencheur de la serrure mécanique, provoquant l'ouverture des contacts.Preferably, the actuator comprises an actuating means which must be driven by the movable core and the movable part of the thermal actuator. According to a fairly standard possibility in this type of device, said actuating means may consist of a moving striker which then hits the trigger of the mechanical lock, causing the opening of the contacts.

Selon une possibilité, le composant thermosensible à faible point de Curie peut être composé d'un alliage de fer et de nickel.According to one possibility, the thermosensitive low point Curie component may be composed of an alloy of iron and nickel.

Le percuteur peut, selon une configuration préférentielle, être entraîné par le noyau mobile qui se déplace selon l'axe de la bobine à l'encontre d'un ressort de compression reposant sur un noyau fixe de l'actionneur magnétique au travers duquel passe le percuteur, qui traverse ensuite successivement la partie fixe et la partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique, entre lesquels est interposé un ressort visant à écarter lesdites parties, le percuteur comportant au voisinage de son extrémité libre une collerette d'appui sur la face de ladite partie mobile distale du noyau mobile.The striker may, in a preferred configuration, be driven by the movable core which moves along the axis of the coil against a compression spring resting on a fixed core of the magnetic actuator through which passes the firing pin, which then passes successively through the fixed part and the moving part of the thermal actuator, between which is interposed a spring intended to move said parts apart, the firing pin having in the vicinity of its free end a bearing flange on the face of said distal mobile part of the mobile core.

Le percuteur agit dans ce cas dans un sens allant de l'actionneur magnétique vers l'actionneur thermique. L'inverse peut également être implémenté, avec une configuration alternative telle que mentionnée ci-après.The striker acts in this case in a direction from the magnetic actuator to the thermal actuator. The reverse can also be implemented, with an alternative configuration as mentioned below.

Dans ce cas, le percuteur est entraîné par la partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique, qui se déplace sous l'effet d'un ressort interposé entre les parties mobile et fixe de l'actionneur thermique selon l'axe de la bobine à l'encontre d'un ressort de compression reposant sur un noyau fixe de l'actionneur magnétique au travers duquel passe le percuteur après avoir passé au travers du noyau mobile, le percuteur comportant alors une collerette d'appui sur la paroi radiale du noyau mobile proximale du noyau fixe.In this case, the striker is driven by the moving part of the thermal actuator, which moves under the effect of a spring interposed between the movable and fixed parts of the thermal actuator along the axis of the coil to the against a compression spring resting on a fixed core of the magnetic actuator through which the striker passes after having passed through the movable core, the striker then comprising a bearing flange on the radial wall of the proximal movable core of the fixed core.

Dans ces deux hypothèses, la partie fixe de l'actionneur thermique peut être constituée de la pièce conductrice connectée à la bobine, du composant thermosensible accolé à ladite pièce et d'une enveloppe en matériau isolant constituée d'un premier manchon guidant en translation la partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique, solidaire d'un second manchon coaxial au premier, autour duquel est enroulée la bobine, et guidant en translation le noyau mobile de l'actionneur magnétique.In these two hypotheses, the fixed part of the thermal actuator may consist of the conductive part connected to the coil, the thermosensitive component attached to the said part and an envelope of insulating material consisting of a first sleeve guiding in translation the mobile part of the thermal actuator, integral with a second sleeve coaxial with the first, around which is wound the coil, and guiding in translation the movable core of the magnetic actuator.

Toujours dans les deux hypothèses possibles, une variante peut consister en ladite partie fixe soit constituée du composant thermosensible accolé à ladite pièce conductrice et d'une enveloppe en matériau thermoconducteur constituée d'un premier manchon guidant en translation la partie mobile de l'actionneur thermique, solidaire d'un second manchon coaxial au premier, autour duquel est enroulée la bobine, et guidant en translation le noyau mobile de l'actionneur magnétique.Still in the two possible hypotheses, a variant may consist of said fixed part consists of the thermosensitive component attached to said conductive part and a heat-conducting material casing consisting of a first sleeve guiding in translation the moving part of the thermal actuator , secured to a second sleeve coaxial with the first, around which is wound the coil, and guiding in translation the movable core of the magnetic actuator.

Ces configurations s'affranchissent des limitations de l'art antérieur dans la mesure où la partie thermique se trouve bien spatialement séparée de l'actionneur magnétique proprement dit, d'où la possibilité de décorréler les deux fonctions.These configurations overcome the limitations of the prior art insofar as the thermal part is well spatially separated from the magnetic actuator itself, hence the possibility of decorrelating the two functions.

La partie mobile peut quant à elle être constituée de l'aimant solidarisé à une palette en matériau ferromagnétique, de forme cylindrique apte à guider son déplacement dans le premier manchon et à constituer un circuit magnétique avec le composant thermosensible, ce dernier et/ou la pièce conductrice étant fixé(e) à une paroi d'allure radiale séparant les deux manchons coaxiaux.The moving part may in turn consist of the magnet secured to a pallet of ferromagnetic material, of cylindrical shape adapted to guide its movement in the first sleeve and to constitute a magnetic circuit with the thermosensitive component, the latter and / or the conductive part being fixed (e) to a wall of radial appearance separating the two coaxial sleeves.

Ou, alternativement, être constituée de l'aimant solidarisé à une palette en matériau ferromagnétique, de forme cylindrique apte à guider son déplacement dans le premier manchon et à constituer un circuit magnétique avec le composant thermosensible, ce dernier et/ou la pièce conductrice étant fixé(e) à une paroi d'allure radiale fermant le premier manchon à son extrémité opposé à une paroi d'allure radiale séparant les deux manchons coaxiauxOr, alternatively, consist of the magnet secured to a pallet of ferromagnetic material, of cylindrical shape adapted to guide its movement in the first sleeve and to constitute a magnetic circuit with the thermosensitive component, the latter and / or the conductive part being attached to a radial wall closing the first sleeve at its opposite end to a radial wall separating the two coaxial sleeves

Comme indiqué auparavant, l'invention ne concerne pas seulement l'actionneur magnétothermique, mais également un système de déclenchement magnétothermique pour appareil électrique de type disjoncteur de protection de ligne, comportant un actionneur dont la bobine est placée en série dans ladite ligne, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'actionnement est prévu pour faire déclencher une serrure mécanique d'ouverture de la ligne en cas de surtension ou de court-circuit.As indicated above, the invention relates not only to the magnetothermal actuator, but also to a magnetothermic tripping system for electrical apparatus of the line protection circuit breaker type, comprising an actuator whose coil is placed in series in said line, characterized in that what the actuating means is intended to do trigger a mechanical lock to open the line in case of overvoltage or short circuit.

Elle concerne par ailleurs un appareil électrique de protection de ligne de type disjoncteur comportant un système de déclenchement magnétothermique.It also relates to a circuit breaker type electrical protection device comprising a magnetothermic tripping system.

L'invention va à présent être décrite plus en détail, en référence aux figures annexées, pour lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en section schématique d'une première configuration d'actionneur magnétothermique selon l'invention, dans laquelle le composant en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie est connecté électriquement à la bobine ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en section d'une variante de la figure 1 inversant les parties mobile et fixe de l'actionneur thermique ;
  • la figure 3 montre une vue en section d'un actionneur magnétothermique selon l'invention dans lequel le composant en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie est chauffé par la bobine ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en section d'une variante de la configuration de la figure 3, inversant les parties mobile et fixe de l'actionneur thermique.
The invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended figures, for which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first magnetothermic actuator configuration according to the invention, wherein the low-Curie thermosensitive material component is electrically connected to the coil;
  • the figure 2 represents a sectional view of a variant of the figure 1 reversing the movable and fixed portions of the thermal actuator;
  • the figure 3 shows a sectional view of a magnetothermal actuator according to the invention wherein the component of heat-sensitive material low Curie point is heated by the coil; and
  • the figure 4 is a sectional view of a variant of the configuration of the figure 3 , reversing the moving and fixed parts of the thermal actuator.

Les éléments, composants et parties communes aux différentes configurations faisant l'objet des figures portent les mêmes références. Ainsi, dans la figure 1, l'actionneur magnétique est constitué d'une bobine (1), d'un noyau mobile (2), d'un noyau fixe (3) et de premiers moyens de rappel constitués d'un ressort (4). Un percuteur (5) entraîné par le noyau mobile (2) permet le cas échéant d'agir sur un déclencheur d'une serrure mécanique. Le fonctionnement de l'actionneur magnétique est traditionnel : lors d'une élévation importante de courant I, due par exemple à un court-circuit, le champ magnétique produit par la bobine (1) provoque le déplacement du noyau mobile (2) à l'encontre du ressort (4), entraînant le percuteur (5). Ledit noyau mobile (2) se déplace dans la direction du noyau fixe (3) qui lui sert d'ailleurs de butée au cours de son mouvement translatif. Un manchon (6) entoure et guide le noyau mobile (2) qui y coulisse.The elements, components and common portions of the different configurations that are the subject of the figures bear the same references. So, in the figure 1 the magnetic actuator consists of a coil (1), a movable core (2), a fixed core (3) and first return means consisting of a spring (4). A firing pin (5) driven by the movable core (2) makes it possible, if necessary, to act on a trigger of a mechanical lock. The operation of the magnetic actuator is traditional: during a significant rise in current I, due for example to a short-circuit, the magnetic field produced by the coil (1) causes the displacement of the mobile core (2) to the against the spring (4), driving the striker (5). Said movable core (2) moves in the direction of the fixed core (3) which also serves as a stop during its translational movement. A sleeve (6) surrounds and guides the movable core (2) sliding therein.

L'actionneur thermique se situe dans le prolongement de l'actionneur magnétique, et se compose à titre essentiel d'une pièce (7) parcourue par le courant I, du composant (8) en matériau thermosensible à faible point de Curie, de seconds moyens de rappel sous la forme d'un second ressort (9), d'un aimant permanent (10) et d'une palette formant culasse magnétique (11) pour le circuit magnétique de l'aimant permanent (10). Dans la configuration de l'invention, ces éléments présentent par exemple une symétrie circulaire autour d'un axe qui est également l'axe de la bobine (1) et/ou de déplacement du percuteur (5). Celui-ci traverse à l'aide d'orifices centraux la totalité des éléments constituant l'actionneur thermique. Ces éléments sont disposés dans une enveloppe (12) en un matériau qui ne présente pas de propriété thermique ou magnétique particulière, par exemple du plastique, et qui est solidarisé et/ou d'une seule pièce avec le manchon (6). Le percuteur (5) présente par ailleurs une collerette (13) coopérant avec la palette (11) qui l'entraîne dans la direction de la flèche F lorsque l'actionneur thermique est activé.The thermal actuator is located in the extension of the magnetic actuator, and is essentially composed of a part (7) traversed by the current I, the component (8) of thermosensitive material low Curie point, second return means in the form of a second spring (9), a permanent magnet (10) and a magnetic yoke pallet (11) for the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet (10). In the configuration of the invention, these elements have for example a circular symmetry around an axis which is also the axis of the coil (1) and / or movement of the firing pin (5). This crosses through the central orifices all of the elements constituting the thermal actuator. These elements are arranged in an envelope (12) of a material which does not have any particular thermal or magnetic property, for example plastic, and which is secured and / or in one piece with the sleeve (6). The striker (5) further has a flange (13) cooperating with the pallet (11) which drives it in the direction of the arrow F when the thermal actuator is activated.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant : lorsque la ligne électrique subit une élévation lente du courant faisant par exemple suite à une surcharge, le champ magnétique produit par la bobine n'est pas suffisant pour déplacer le noyau mobile (2) à l'encontre des moyens ressort (4). En revanche, la pièce (7), directement chauffée par passage du courant dans la configuration de la figure 1, augmente la température du composant thermosensible (8) vers lequel est attirée la palette (11) du fait du champ magnétique généré par l'aimant permanent (10). Les seconds moyens de rappel (9) sont prévus pour qu'à température ambiante, la force magnétique générée par l'aimant permanent (10) soit supérieure à la force de rappel du ressort (9).The operation is as follows: when the power line undergoes a slow rise in the current, for example following an overload, the magnetic field produced by the coil is not sufficient to move the movable core (2) against the means spring (4). On the other hand, the part (7), directly heated by passage of the current in the configuration of the figure 1 , increases the temperature of the thermosensitive component (8) towards which the pallet (11) is attracted because of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet (10). The second return means (9) are provided so that at room temperature, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet (10) is greater than the restoring force of the spring (9).

Lorsque la température atteint dans le composant thermosensible (8) le point de Curie, ledit composant (8) se démagnétise, provoquant l'ouverture du circuit magnétique qu'il constitue avec la palette (11), sous l'effet du ressort (9). La palette se déplace dans la direction de la flèche F, et entraîne le percuteur (5), lequel actionne, dans l'hypothèse d'un appareil électrique à serrure mécanique, un déclencheur faisant partie de ladite serrure.When the temperature reaches in the thermosensitive component (8) the Curie point, said component (8) demagnetizes, causing the opening of the magnetic circuit that it constitutes with the pallet (11), under the effect of the spring (9). ). The pallet moves in the direction of the arrow F, and drives the striker (5), which activates, in the event of an electrical device with mechanical lock, a trigger forming part of said lock.

En figure 2, la pièce (7) chauffée par passage direct du courant I n'est plus à proximité de la bobine (1) mais à l'extrémité de l'actionneur thermique distal de ladite bobine (1). Dans ce cas, lorsque le composant (8) atteint la température de Curie, le ressort (9) repousse la palette (11) en direction de la bobine (1), et il faut donc que le percuteur (5) se développe dans cette direction, avec un déplacement qui va dans le sens de la flèche F'. Le noyau mobile (2) doit par conséquent se déplacer dans le même sens, et se situer à proximité de l'actionneur thermique, contrairement à la configuration montrée en figure 1. La collerette (13) du percuteur (5) se situe à présent dans un évidement (14) du noyau mobile (2), de façon à être entraînée par le noyau mobile (2) lorsque l'élévation brutale et importante du courant I génère dans la bobine un champ magnétique capable de déplacer ledit noyau mobile (2) à l'encontre du ressort (4).In figure 2 , the part (7) heated by direct passage of the current I is no longer close to the coil (1) but at the end of the distal thermal actuator of said coil (1). In this case, when the component (8) reaches the Curie temperature, the spring (9) pushes the pallet (11) towards the coil (1), and the striker (5) must therefore develop in this direction. direction, with a displacement that goes in the direction of the arrow F '. The movable core (2) must therefore move in the same direction, and be located near the thermal actuator, contrary to the configuration shown in FIG. figure 1 . The flange (13) of the striker (5) is now located in a recess (14) of the movable core (2), so as to be driven by the movable core (2) when the sudden and significant rise in the current I generates in the coil a magnetic field capable of moving said movable core (2) against the spring (4).

La figure (3) illustre une configuration dans laquelle la pièce conductrice (7) parcourue par le courant est supprimée. Dans cette hypothèse, le chauffage de la bobine (1) est indirect et seule cette dernière est parcourue par le courant 1. Le manchon (6') prolongé par un second manchon (12') formant l'enveloppe logeant les différents éléments de l'actionneur thermique est à présent constitué dans un matériau qui véhicule la chaleur, et c'est à titre principal la base (15) plus épaisse de ladite enveloppe qui chauffe le composant en matériau thermosensible (8) à faible point de Curie. Comme dans les configurations précédentes, la surface de contact entre ces éléments, se développant radialement, constitue la plus grande surface de contact possible de manière à transmettre l'énergie calorifique de l'un à l'autre. A l'exception de l'existence de la pièce (7) et du changement de matériau pour le manchon / enveloppe (6), la configuration et le fonctionnement de la variante proposée en figure 3 sont identiques à celle de la configuration de la figure 1.The figure (3 ) illustrates a configuration in which the conductive part (7) traversed by the current is removed. In this case, the heating of the coil (1) is indirect and only the latter is traversed by the current 1. The sleeve (6 ') extended by a second sleeve (12') forming the casing housing the various elements of the coil. The thermal actuator is now made of a material which carries the heat, and it is primarily the thicker base (15) of said envelope which heats the thermosensitive material component (8) with a low Curie point. As in the previous configurations, the contact surface between these elements, developing radially, is the largest possible contact surface so as to transmit the heat energy from one to the other. With the exception of the existence of the part (7) and the change of material for the sleeve / envelope (6), the configuration and operation of the variant proposed in figure 3 are identical to that of the configuration of the figure 1 .

Ce sont les mêmes modifications qui distinguent la configuration de la figure 4 et celle de la figure 2 : il n'y a plus de pièce (7), et l'enveloppe (6', 12') est à présent constituée d'un matériau choisi pour son aptitude à véhiculer la chaleur.These are the same changes that distinguish the configuration from the figure 4 and that of the figure 2 there is no longer any part (7), and the envelope (6 ', 12') is now made of a material chosen for its ability to convey heat.

Les configurations proposées aux figures 1 à 4 ne sont bien entendu pas exhaustives de l'invention, qui englobe également toutes les variantes, par exemple de forme et de choix de matériaux, qui découlent immédiatement des configurations proposées.The configurations proposed to Figures 1 to 4 are of course not exhaustive of the invention, which also encompasses all variants, for example of shape and choice of materials, which immediately arise from the proposed configurations.

Claims (14)

  1. A magnetothermal actuator comprising:
    - a magnetic actuator made up of a coil (1) placed in series in an electrical line, surrounding a moving core (2) and able to drive it between two positions embodying two respective active and inactive states of the actuator, first means (4) for recalling the moving core (2) to the position corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator, and
    - a thermal actuator formed by a permanent magnet (10) magnetically cooperating with a component made from a heat-sensitive material (8) with a low Curie point, in order to keep the magnetothermal actuator in the inactive state when the temperature of said component (8) is below the Curie point,
    - the component (8) made from heat-sensitive material is fastened to a part (7, 15) whose temperature increases if the current increases,
    characterized in that second return means (9) are interposed between the permanent magnet (10) and said component (8), one of the two being secured to a stationary part and the other being secured to a part moving relative to the coil (1) in order to separate them from each other when the temperature exceeds the Curie point in the heat-sensitive component (8), said second return means (9) then making them go from a first relative position corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator to a second relative position corresponding to its active state.
  2. The magnetothermal actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the part (15) of the thermal actuator conducts heat and is positioned relative to the coil (1) so as to be heated by it.
  3. The magnetothermal actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (7) of the thermal actuator is conductive, has high resistivity, and is connected in series to the coil (1).
  4. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an actuating means driven by the moving core (2) and by the moving part of the thermal actuator.
  5. The magnetothermal actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the actuating means is made up of a striker (5).
  6. The magnetothermal actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-sensitive component (8) with a low Curie point is made up of an alloy of iron and nickel.
  7. The thermomagnetic actuator according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the striker (5) is driven by the moving core (2), which moves along the axis of the coil (1) against a compression spring (4) resting on a stationary core (3) of the magnetic actuator through which the striker (5) passes, which next successively passes through the stationary part and the moving part of the thermal actuator, between which a spring (9) aiming to separate said parts is inserted, the striker (5) comprising a bearing collar (13) near its free end on the face of said distal moving part of the moving core (2).
  8. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the striker (5) is driven by the moving part of the thermal actuator, which moves under the effect of a spring (9) inserted between the moving and stationary parts of the thermal actuator along the axis of the coil (1) against a compression spring (4) resting on a stationary core (3) of the magnetic actuator through which the striker (5) passes after having passed through the moving core (2), the striker (5) then comprising a bearing collar (13) on the radial wall of the proximal moving core (2) of the stationary core (3).
  9. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the stationary part of the thermal actuator is made up of the conductive part (7) connected to the coil (1), the heat-sensitive component (8) alongside said part (7) and an enclosure made from an insulating material formed by a first sleeve (12) guiding the translation of the moving part of the thermal actuator, secured to a second sleeve (6) coaxial to the first, around which the coil (1) is wound, and guiding the translation of the moving core (2) of the magnetic actuator.
  10. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the stationary part of the thermal actuator is made up of the heat-sensitive component (8) alongside said conductive part (15) and an enclosure made from a heat-conducting material formed by a first sleeve (12') guiding the translation of the moving part of the thermal actuator, secured to a second sleeve (6') coaxial to the first, around which the coil (1) is wound, and guiding the translation of the moving core (2) of the magnetic actuator.
  11. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the moving part is formed by the magnet (10) secured to a vane (11) made from an electromagnetic material, with a cylindrical shape able to guide its movement in the first sleeve (12, 12') and form a magnetic circuit with the heat-sensitive component (8), the latter and/or the conductive part (7) being fastened to a radial wall separating the two coaxial sleeves (12, 12'; 6, 6').
  12. The magnetothermal actuator according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the moving part is formed by the magnet (10) secured to a vane (11) made from a ferromagnetic material, with a cylindrical shape able to guide its movement in the first sleeve (12, 12') and form a magnetic circuit with the heat-sensitive component (8), the latter and/or the conductive part (7) being fastened to a radial wall closing the first sleeve (12, 12') at its end opposite a radial wall separating the two coaxial sleeves (12, 12'; 6, 6').
  13. A magnetothermal triggering system for an electric apparatus of the circuit breaker type for protecting a line comprising an actuator according to the preceding claims whereof the coil (1) is placed in series in said line, characterized in that the actuator means is provided to trigger a mechanical lock opening the line in case of over-voltage or short circuit.
  14. An electric line protection apparatus of the circuit breaker type comprising a magnetothermal system according to the preceding claim.
EP12709944.8A 2011-02-25 2012-02-21 Magnetothermal actuator Active EP2678877B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1151527A FR2972076B1 (en) 2011-02-25 2011-02-25 MAGNETOTHERMIC ACTUATOR.
PCT/FR2012/050364 WO2012114037A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-02-21 Magnetothermal actuator

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EP2678877A1 EP2678877A1 (en) 2014-01-01
EP2678877B1 true EP2678877B1 (en) 2015-01-28

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AU (1) AU2012220430B2 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2999014B1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2016-01-15 Schneider Electric Ind Sas MAGNETOTHERMIC SHUNT ACTUATOR, ESPECIALLY FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPING
FR3003394B1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2015-03-06 Hager Electro Sas MAGNETOTHERMIC ACTUATOR.
FR3028349B1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-12-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING SUCH ACTUATOR
CN110686115B (en) * 2018-07-05 2023-10-17 三花亚威科电器设备（芜湖）有限公司 Solenoid valve and method for operating solenoid valve
EP3758028B1 (en) * 2019-06-24 2023-02-15 Otis Elevator Company Actuator
EP4125109A1 (en) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-01 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Overcurrent protection device based on thermo magnetically-shiftable material

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926227A (en) * 1957-03-15 1960-02-23 Edward V Sundt Overload circuit breaker
DE1216410B (en) * 1962-12-11 1966-05-12 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Switch with thermomagnetic release
FR1593002A (en) * 1968-05-08 1970-05-25
US4288769A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-09-08 General Electric Company Ambient temperature responsive trip device for static trip circuit breakers
DE3028900A1 (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-25 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Conductor rail mounted overload cut=out switch - has magnet with thermomagnetic and heat conductive discs for quicker release at higher temp.
CN201629270U (en) * 2010-02-05 2010-11-10 宁波松乐电器有限公司 Bi-stable magnetic latching contactor for electro-tricycle power switch

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CN103493167B (en) 2015-12-23
FR2972076B1 (en) 2013-04-05
AU2012220430A1 (en) 2013-10-17
EP2678877A1 (en) 2014-01-01
CN103493167A (en) 2014-01-01
WO2012114037A1 (en) 2012-08-30
FR2972076A1 (en) 2012-08-31

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