EP2678414A1 - Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams - Google Patents
Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foamsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2678414A1 EP2678414A1 EP12704847.8A EP12704847A EP2678414A1 EP 2678414 A1 EP2678414 A1 EP 2678414A1 EP 12704847 A EP12704847 A EP 12704847A EP 2678414 A1 EP2678414 A1 EP 2678414A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous composition
- foam
- linear
- hydrogen
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 steam Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010794 Cyclic Steam Stimulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVWGGPRWKSHASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid, monooctadecyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O HVWGGPRWKSHASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LPTIRUACFKQDHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O LPTIRUACFKQDHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium myristyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005425 sodium myristyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
- C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/592—Compositions used in combination with generated heat, e.g. by steam injection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/594—Compositions used in combination with injected gas, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/703—Foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
- C09K8/94—Foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/42—Application of foam or a temporary coating on the surface to be cleaned
Definitions
- compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams
- the present invention is directed to the use of alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of foams, which are stable at high temperatures, e.g. up to about 250°C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing of high temperature stable foams by using a foamable aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysul- fonate.
- Surfactants are commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and detergents, wherein the application temperature normally is below 100°C.
- Known surfactants for washing, cleaning and foaming applications at temperatures from about 10° to 100°C usually have at least one C 8 -16 alkyl chain as hydrophobic part. Surfactants with longer alkyl chains are under these conditions often less useful and less interfacial active for such purposes.
- Some surfactants for application temperatures above 100°C have at least one alkyl chain of at least Ci 8 , in order to increase the residence time at the interface.
- Typical applications for high temperature stable surfactants, which are in particular stable at temperatures from 150 to 250°C, are high temperature emulsification of e.g. polymer melts, hot water washing, oil recovery applications and drilling additives.
- foaming agent also referred to as foaming surfactant
- foaming surfactant may facilitate the formation of a foam.
- a foam is a composition comprising a gas and a liquid, that is formed by trapping gas bubbles in a liquid (e.g. water), wherein the gas bubbles are separated by connected liquid films, the so called lamella.
- Lamellae of foam comprising a liquid, e.g. water are normally stabilized by at least one surfactant, which shows film-forming properties.
- the foam can be referred to as a colloidal suspension of a gas in a liquid.
- foaming agents or foaming surfactants facilitate the formation of foam, when dissolved, particularly in small amounts, in the liquid phase and may enhance the colloidal stability of the foam by inhibition of the coalescences of bubbles. It can be assumed that the foaming surfactant adsorbs in a monolayer at the interface and aggregates into stable foam lamellae. Increased interfacial viscosity provides a mechanical resistance to film thinning and rupturing.
- foaming surfactants for temperatures below 100 °C are for example sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and betaines.
- Foaming agents and in particular foaming agents which are able to stabilise foams at high temperature and high pressure, can be used in a variety of applications.
- Important application sectors for high temperature stable foams are oilfield applications, such as acid stimulation, drilling of subterranean geothermal reservoirs and particularly tertiary oil recovery technologies, such as thermally based oil recovery techniques (e.g. SAGD, "steam assisted gravity drainage”; CSS, “cyclic steam stimulation”), which require performance increase at high temperature conditions.
- Foam compositions which exhibit a high stability at elevated temperatures, such as above 150°C, are also used in specific applications, such as metal working (e.g.
- stamping drawing, forming, bending, rolling, cutting, grinding, punching, sawing, hobbing, reaming, spinning, extruding trepanning, coining, swaging), drilling of subterranean geothermal reservoirs, specific cleaning applications, and fire retardant foams.
- US 4,201 ,678 describes a mixture of an amphoteric betaine, a salt of a linear aliphatic or alkyl aryl hydrocarbon sulfonate and, optionally, non-neutralized ammonia.
- the mixture can be used as foaming agent in foam drilling and work over in high temperature wells with temperatures above 200°C.
- WO 94/18431 is directed to foaming compositions comprising a Ci 0- i 6-olefin sulfonate surfactant and a solubilising compound to improve brine tolerance for use in enhanced oil recovery at temperatures from 38°C to 120°C.
- CN-A 1 927 993 describes high-temperature stratum self-foaming compositions and their application in viscous oil exploitation.
- the compositions comprise alpha-olefin sulfonates or di-alkyl di-phenylether-di-sulfonates as foaming agent.
- the document US 5, 193,618 discloses a method for recovering hydrocarbons from a reservoir using a steam assisted enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, wherein a composition comprises a foam diversion surfactant, in particular an alkyl aromatic sulfonate, and a precipitation-control additive comprising an ⁇ -olefin sulfonate dimer.
- EOR steam assisted enhanced oil recovery
- US 2005/01371 14 describes a foam composition in a temperature range of about 80 to 160 F (27°C to 70°C) comprising at least one anionic surfactant, at least one cationic surfactant, and one or more zwitterionic compounds, wherein the anionic surfactants were selected from sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfates, alkylether sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.
- Alkylalkoxysulfonates and methods of their production are known in the prior art.
- the document DE-A 36 22 439 describes the use of C 8 -i8-alkylether sulfonates for cosmetic applications.
- Document US 4,088,189 describes alkylpolyalkoxyalkyl sulfonates and alkylarylpolyalkoxyalkyl sulfonates for use in a surfactant assisted oil recovery process.
- foam compositions in particular aqueous based foams, which are stable at high temperature (e.g. 150 to 250°C).
- foam compositions should exhibit a high temperature stability (e.g. for up to 100°C) for a long period of time, particularly up to 1 day, preferably up to 10 days, often up to 60 days, and a high stability also in contact with an hydrocarbon phase.
- requirements for the surfactants are chemical stability up to a temperature of 250°C and a good water-solubility at room temperature, which is a precondition for several applications, e.g. pumping the solution in a well bore.
- the foaming agent should not harm the environment, should produce no residue and be easily available at low cost.
- the present invention is directed to the use of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) wherein:
- R 1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
- R a is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- R b is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl; with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of R a or R b is not hydrogen;
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
- p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
- X is selected from Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and NH 4 + ,
- y is an integer 1 or 2; for the production of a foam at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often also in the range of 180° to 250°C, preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
- a “foam” or “foam composition” according to the present invention is a composition comprising a gas, a liquid and a surfactant as lamella stabilizing agent, that is formed by trapping gas bubbles in a liquid (e.g. water), wherein the gas bubbles are separated by connected liquid films, the so called lamella.
- Lamellae of foam comprising a liquid, e.g. water are normally stabilized by at least one surfactant, which shows film-forming properties.
- the foam can be referred to as a colloidal suspension of a gas in a liquid.
- the lamellae are connected via intersections and form an intercon- nected network.
- the gas bubbles may be spherical and have weak mutual interactions - in particular in cases wherein the volume fraction of gas is less than about 74 %.
- gas bubbles may be polyhedral deformed.
- the gas bubbles are typically disordered and have a variety of bubble sizes (poly-disperse foam).
- the surfactant in terms of the present invention is a surfactant which facilitates the formation of foam, when it is dissolved, particularly in small amounts, in the liquid phase.
- a foaming agent or a foaming surfactant may enhance the colloidal stability of the foam by inhibition of the coalescences of bubbles.
- a "high-temperature stable foam” means, that the foam volume is reduced by less than 10 % (preferably by less than 5 %, more prefera- bly by less than 2 %) after a period of 100 sec or more (preferably after a period of more than 200 sec, preferably after a period of more than 300 sec) at temperatures up to 100 °C (in particular at temperatures up to 150 °C often in the range of 150 to 250 °C).
- the foam stability can be described by the time before the onset of foam collapse (breaking of foam lamellae) can be observed.
- the radical R 1 in formula (I) is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, also preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28.
- the linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to the invention preferably can be prepared in a manner known in principle, by alkoxylation of commercial available alcohols (e.g. fatty alcohols) or mixtures of alcohols.
- the number of carbon atoms of radical R 1 may refer here, in a known manner, to the average number of carbon atoms present in the alkylalkoxysulfonate, respectively refer to the maximum of distribution of the carbon atoms number in alkyl chain.
- linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention normally exhibit a block structure with the general structure given in formula (I).
- the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention comprise m butoxy groups of the general formula -0-(C 4 H 8 ); n propoxy groups of the general formula -O- CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-; and p ethoxy groups of the general formula -0-CH 2 CH 2 -.
- the formula of the propoxy group -0-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )- here is expressly intended to include units also of the formula -0-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 )-, thus the inverse orientation of the alkoxy group in the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates is included.
- both orientations may be represented in a surfactant molecule.
- the alkoxy units e.g. propoxy units
- the butoxy group can be linear or branched after the polymerisation of e.g. butylenoxid.
- the butoxy group is branched.
- Linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention can be prepared in a manner in principle known by a skilled person. Normally the alcohol R OH is reacted with alkylene oxide (e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide) using an alkoxylation catalyst. The synthesis can also be started from a mixture of alkyl al- cohols with a distribution of alkyl chain length, wherein normally the chain length of the maximum of distribution is mentioned (e.g. C 24 /26 alkyl alcohol or Ci 6 is alkyl alcohol). The way by which alkoxylation reactions are carried out is known to the skilled person.
- alkylene oxide e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide
- alkoxylation catalyst e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide
- the synthesis can also be started from a mixture of alkyl al- cohols with a distribution of alkyl chain length, wherein normally the chain length of the
- the molecular weight distribution of the alkoxylates can be influenced by the reaction conditions, in particular the choice of catalyst. Afterwards the alkoxylated alcohol can e.g. be reacted with thionylchloride (e.g. in chlorobenzene) giving the chloride product. After that a reaction with e.g. sodium sulfite can follow, which gives the desired sulfonate.
- thionylchloride e.g. in chlorobenzene
- the numbers m, n, p refer to the average value of the alkoxy (e.g. butoxy, propoxy, ethoxy groups) present in the alkylalkoxysulfonate, where the average value does not have to be a natural number, but may also be any desired rational number.
- the total number of alkoxy units (m+n+p) is a number in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.
- m 0, n is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8, and p is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8.
- m is a number von 1 to 8
- n is a number from 1 to 8
- n is a number from 1 to 8.
- a linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) comprising more ethoxy units than propoxy units, wherein in particular the ratio of propoxy units and ethoxy units (n/p) is in the range of 0 to 1.
- At least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) is used, wherein R 1 is a linear alkyl having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 28, and wherein m+n+p is a number in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.
- the present invention is directed to the use of an aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above for the production of foams as described above.
- the invention is directed to the use of an aqueous composition com- prising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) for production of foam at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, preferably in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C and a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar.
- the aqueous composition used according to the present invention may comprise (or consist of):
- the composition often consists of 90 to 99% (w/w) of water, 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one alkylalkoxysulfonate. To this composition further additives (up to 25 % ) can be added.
- the aqueous composition described above comprises 0.01-10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 5 % (w/w), more preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above.
- the aqueous composition described above may comprise a mixture of at least two linear alkylalkoxysulfonates according to formula (I) as described above.
- the further additives of aqueous composition used according to the present invention may be for example selected from: i) water-soluble inorganic salts (for example sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride); ii) co-solvents selected from alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. butyl diglycol, ethers and esters; iii) additional surfactants (co-surfactants); iv) thickeners, e.g. layered silica.
- the amount of further additives is in the range of 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably of 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably of 0.1 to 5 % (w/w).
- the aqueous composition described above comprises as further additive at least one water-soluble inorganic salt in an amount of 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 10 % (w/w).
- the water-soluble inorganic salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride.
- a "water-soluble compound" in terms of the present invention means a compound, which exhibits solubility in water at normal temperature (e.g. 25°C) of more than 10 g/l.
- the aqueous composition described above can further comprise a co- solvent, which may be selected from a polar water-miscible solvent.
- the cosolvent may be selected from alcohols, preferably methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, butyl monoglycol, butyl diglycol, butyl triglycol, ethers, preferably dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, ethylpropyl ether, glycol ethers and esters, preferably ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, propylene based glycol esters.
- Suitable cosolvents may also be mixtures or combinations of the solvents mentioned above.
- the aqueous composition described above comprises as further additive 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably from 0.1 to 5 % (w/w) of at least one co-solvent selected from alcohol, ether and ester.
- the aqueous composition described above can further comprise as further additive a surfactant (co-surfactant) additional to the linear alky alkoxy sulfonate described in formula (I), in particular this co-surfactant exhibits more hydrophilic properties in comparison to the linear alkylalkoxysulfonate described in formula (I).
- co- surfactant may be at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfonates (e.g. cumolsulfonate, dodecylsulfonate), alkyl sulfates (e.g.
- hydrophilic co-surfactants in com- parison to the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates can be part of the aqueous composition like saturated or unsaturated C 5 . 2 o-alcohols (e.g. pentanol, hexa- nol, decanol, dodecanol, oleylalcohol, Ci6/i 8-alcohol), alkylamines with alkyl chain lengths from C 8 to Ci 8 , fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid and stearic acid), and salts of fatty acids (e.g. sodium salt of stearic acid).
- the co-surfactants mentioned above include a C 8 -2o-alkyl chain.
- the above mentioned surfactants can preferably be added in form of their salts, e.g. their alkali metal or earth alkali metal salts.
- the aqueous composition used according to the present invention comprise as further additive a least one co-surfactant selected from the group C 8 -2o-alkyl sulfonates, C 8 . 2 o-alkyl sulfates, C 8 . 2 o-alkylaryl sulfonates, C 8 . 2 o-alkylaryl sulfates, C 8 .2o-alkylalkoxy sulfonates, C 8 -2o-alkylalkoxy sulfates, C 8 .
- a co-surfactant selected from the group C 8 -2o-alkyl sulfonates, C 8 . 2 o-alkyl sulfates, C 8 . 2 o-alkylaryl sulfonates, C 8 . 2 o-alkylaryl sulfates, C 8 .
- the aqueous composition used according to the present invention comprises at least one co-surfactant in an amount of 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), preferably from 0.1 to 0.9 % (w/w).
- the aqueous composition comprises said alkylalkoxy- sulfonate(s) according to formula (I) as sole surfactant.
- the invention is directed to the use as described above, wherein the foam is used for washing and cleaning, formation of micro-emulsions, metal production or oil recovery applications. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a method of producing a foam, in particular a high-temperature stable foam, comprising the following steps
- R 1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
- R a is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- R b is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
- p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
- X is selected from Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and NH 4 + ,
- y is an integer 1 or 2; b) Optionally addition of at least one further additive to the aqueous composition; c) Contacting the aqueous composition (obtained in step a or if applicable in step b) with a gas; wherein the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150°C to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
- step c of the method described above is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
- step c) can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 15°C to 30°C and afterwards the aqueous composition (respectively the foam) is brought to a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
- step c) contacting the aqueous composition (obtained in step a) or if applicable in step b)) with a gas (step c) is carried out by injection of a gas into the aqueous composition.
- step c can in particular be carried out at a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar.
- the method of producing foams is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C. More preferably contacting the aqueous composition with a gas (step c) is carried out at a temperature in range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C
- the further additive may be selected from water-soluble inorganic salts and co- solvents, co-surfactants, and thickener.
- the preferred embodiments mentioned before in connection with the use of linear alkyalkoxysulfonates for the production of foam can also be applied.
- the gas used in step c is preferably selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, water vapour, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, fuel gas, air and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from air, steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and mixtures thereof. More preferably the gas is selected from air, steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and mixtures thereof.
- At least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above in connection with the use for production of foam can be preferably used in the inventive method of producing foams.
- aqueous composition described above in view of use of linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) for production of foam can be used in the inventive method of producing foams.
- the present invention is directed to a method of producing a foam as described above, wherein 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one co-surfactant is added as further additive to the aqueous composition. Suitable co-surfactants are described above.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
- R a is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- R b is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
- n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
- p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
- X is selected from Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and NH 4 + ,
- y is an integer 1 or 2;
- the present invention is directed to a foamable, aqueous composi- tion comprising
- R 1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 24 to 30, preferably from 25 to 30, preferably from 25 to 28;
- R a is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- R b is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl
- m is a number from 0 to 10; preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
- n is a number from 0 to 10; preferably from 1 to 8;
- p is a number from 0 to 20; preferably from 1 to 8;
- X is selected from Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and NH 4 + ,
- y is an integer 1 or 2;
- the composition often consists of 90 to 99 % (w/w) of water, 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one alkylalkoxysulfonate. To this composition further additives (up to 25 %) can be added.
- the foamable aqueous composition described above comprises 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 5 % (w/w), more preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I).
- Example 1 Foam formation up to 200°C
- An autoclave with windows on the front and on the backside was used to observe foam-ability, foam structure and foam stability as function of temperature and time by a video camera. The temperature was adjusted by electrical heating units. Pictures and short videos were taken for documentation. Nitrogen was used to apply a maximum pressure of 80 bar for keeping the solution liquid. Foam was created by nitrogen injection into the aqueous surfactant solution (50 ml), which was stirred mechanically (1300 rpm). The concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. A frit with 2 ⁇ pore size was placed at the end of the injection tube to create small air bubbles. After nitrogen injection stirring was stopped and foam stability was detected.
- Figure 1 shows the time t in sec, when the first foam collapse was visible (y-axis), at temperature T in °C from 120 to 200°C (x-axis), wherein: the open squares ( ⁇ ) indicate the C16/C18-6PO-2EO-S0 3 Na,
- the close lozenges ( ⁇ ) indicate the iC17-6PO-2EO-S0 3 Na surfactant.
- EO ethoxy unit(s)
- PO propoxy unit(s)
- BO butoxy unit(s).
- C with number describes the alkyl chain of surfactant, e.g. C16 means alkyl chain with 16 carbon atoms, iC17 means iso-alkyl chain with 17 carbon atoms.
- the foam stability depends on the number of ethoxy units (EO number).
- the addition of salt may shield the charge of the anionic sulfonate groups which results in a tighter packing at the air/water interface. It can be predicted that foam stability increases in presence of salt.
- the foam stability of C22-2EO-S0 3 Na surfactant in combination with layered silica clay mineral and salt was determined at temperatures in the range of 200 to 250 °C as described in Example 2, wherein the concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l.
- Laponite RD was used as layered silica
- potassium chloride (KCI) was used as salt.
- the clay mineral can thicken the water phase between the foam lamella in order to reduce water drainage and to enhance foam stability.
- Clay mineral (Laponite RD) exhibits a foam stabilizing effect.
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to the use of alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of foams, which are stable at high temperatures, e.g. up to about 250 °C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing of high temperature stable foams by using a foamable aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate.
Description
Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams
The present invention is directed to the use of alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of foams, which are stable at high temperatures, e.g. up to about 250°C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing of high temperature stable foams by using a foamable aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysul- fonate. Surfactants are commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and detergents, wherein the application temperature normally is below 100°C. Known surfactants for washing, cleaning and foaming applications at temperatures from about 10° to 100°C usually have at least one C8-16 alkyl chain as hydrophobic part. Surfactants with longer alkyl chains are under these conditions often less useful and less interfacial active for such purposes.
Some surfactants for application temperatures above 100°C have at least one alkyl chain of at least Ci8, in order to increase the residence time at the interface. Typical applications for high temperature stable surfactants, which are in particular stable at temperatures from 150 to 250°C, are high temperature emulsification of e.g. polymer melts, hot water washing, oil recovery applications and drilling additives.
One important application of a surfactant is the use as foaming agent (also referred to as foaming surfactant), which may facilitate the formation of a foam. Normally a foam is a composition comprising a gas and a liquid, that is formed by trapping gas bubbles in a liquid (e.g. water), wherein the gas bubbles are separated by connected liquid films, the so called lamella. Lamellae of foam comprising a liquid, e.g. water, are normally stabilized by at least one surfactant, which shows film-forming properties. In some cases, the foam can be referred to as a colloidal suspension of a gas in a liquid.
Commonly known foaming agents or foaming surfactants facilitate the formation of foam, when dissolved, particularly in small amounts, in the liquid phase and may enhance the colloidal stability of the foam by inhibition of the coalescences of bubbles. It can be assumed that the foaming surfactant adsorbs in a monolayer at the interface and aggregates into stable foam lamellae. Increased interfacial viscosity provides a mechanical resistance to film thinning and rupturing. Commonly known foaming surfactants for temperatures below 100 °C are for example sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and betaines.
Foaming agents, and in particular foaming agents which are able to stabilise foams at high temperature and high pressure, can be used in a variety of applications. Important application sectors for high temperature stable foams are oilfield applications, such as acid stimulation, drilling of subterranean geothermal reservoirs and particularly tertiary oil recovery technologies, such as thermally based oil recovery techniques (e.g. SAGD, "steam assisted gravity drainage"; CSS, "cyclic steam stimulation"), which require performance increase at high temperature conditions. Foam compositions which exhibit a high stability at elevated temperatures, such as above 150°C, are also used in specific applications, such as metal working (e.g. stamping, drawing, forming, bending, rolling, cutting, grinding, punching, sawing, hobbing, reaming, spinning, extruding trepanning, coining, swaging), drilling of subterranean geothermal reservoirs, specific cleaning applications, and fire retardant foams.
A variety of surfactants and surfactants mixtures have been proposed for being used in oilfield applications, especially in oilfield applications using foams at high temperatures.
US 4,201 ,678 describes a mixture of an amphoteric betaine, a salt of a linear aliphatic or alkyl aryl hydrocarbon sulfonate and, optionally, non-neutralized ammonia. The mixture can be used as foaming agent in foam drilling and work over in high temperature wells with temperatures above 200°C.
WO 94/18431 is directed to foaming compositions comprising a Ci0-i 6-olefin sulfonate surfactant and a solubilising compound to improve brine tolerance for use in enhanced oil recovery at temperatures from 38°C to 120°C.
CN-A 1 927 993 describes high-temperature stratum self-foaming compositions and their application in viscous oil exploitation. The compositions comprise alpha-olefin sulfonates or di-alkyl di-phenylether-di-sulfonates as foaming agent. The document US 5, 193,618 discloses a method for recovering hydrocarbons from a reservoir using a steam assisted enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, wherein a composition comprises a foam diversion surfactant, in particular an alkyl aromatic sulfonate, and a precipitation-control additive comprising an α-olefin sulfonate dimer. US 2005/01371 14 describes a foam composition in a temperature range of about 80 to 160 F (27°C to 70°C) comprising at least one anionic surfactant, at least one cationic surfactant, and one or more zwitterionic compounds, wherein the anionic surfactants were selected from sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfates, alkylether sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.
Alkylalkoxysulfonates and methods of their production are known in the prior art. The document DE-A 36 22 439 describes the use of C8-i8-alkylether sulfonates for cosmetic applications. Document US 4,088,189 describes alkylpolyalkoxyalkyl sulfonates and alkylarylpolyalkoxyalkyl sulfonates for use in a surfactant assisted oil recovery process.
However, there is a high need for superior foaming surfactants and foam compositions, which have a high thermal stability, which can easily be prepared and which can be used for the formation of foams at temperatures from 100°C up to 250°C. There is in particular a need for uses above 150°C, in several applications, e.g. foam drilling appli- cations or thermally oil recovery applications. Furthermore, it is usually important in several applications, that the surfactant and the produced foam exhibit sufficient stability against higher salt concentration and contact to oily phase.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved surfactants and a method for the production of foam compositions, in particular aqueous based foams, which are stable at high temperature (e.g. 150 to 250°C). These foam compositions should exhibit a high temperature stability (e.g. for up to 100°C) for a long period of time, particularly up to 1 day, preferably up to 10 days, often up to 60 days, and a high stability also in contact with an hydrocarbon phase. Further, requirements for the surfactants are chemical stability up to a temperature of 250°C and a good water-solubility at room temperature, which is a precondition for several applications, e.g. pumping the solution in a well bore. Besides the resistance to high temperatures, the foaming agent should not harm the environment, should produce no residue and be easily available at low cost.
It was surprisingly found that specific sulfonates with linear alkyl chains having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, in particular from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28 carbon atoms, and having from 1 to 20 alkoxy units, preferably from 1 to 10 alkoxy units, are chemically stable and produce foams up to temperatures of 250°C. It was further found that salts (e.g. potassium chloride) enhance the foam stability. The optimal amount of salt to be used depends on the surfactant structure. Mixtures of long and short alkyl chain surfactants can also be used to adjust solubility, surface activity and foam stability.
The present invention is directed to the use of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I)
wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl; with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2; for the production of a foam at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often also in the range of 180° to 250°C, preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
Furthermore, the present invention is directed to the use of a linear alkylalkoxysul- fonate according to formula (I) as described above as a surfactant for the production of high temperature stable foams. A "foam" or "foam composition" according to the present invention is a composition comprising a gas, a liquid and a surfactant as lamella stabilizing agent, that is formed by trapping gas bubbles in a liquid (e.g. water), wherein the gas bubbles are separated by connected liquid films, the so called lamella. Lamellae of foam comprising a liquid, e.g. water, are normally stabilized by at least one surfactant, which shows film-forming properties. In some cases, the foam can be referred to as a colloidal suspension of a gas in a liquid. The lamellae are connected via intersections and form an intercon-
nected network. The gas bubbles may be spherical and have weak mutual interactions - in particular in cases wherein the volume fraction of gas is less than about 74 %.
In other cases with a higher gas volume fraction the shape of gas bubbles may be polyhedral deformed. In real foams, the gas bubbles are typically disordered and have a variety of bubble sizes (poly-disperse foam).
In particular, the surfactant (foaming surfactant) in terms of the present invention is a surfactant which facilitates the formation of foam, when it is dissolved, particularly in small amounts, in the liquid phase. A foaming agent or a foaming surfactant may enhance the colloidal stability of the foam by inhibition of the coalescences of bubbles.
A "high-temperature stable foam" according to the present invention means, that the foam volume is reduced by less than 10 % (preferably by less than 5 %, more prefera- bly by less than 2 %) after a period of 100 sec or more (preferably after a period of more than 200 sec, preferably after a period of more than 300 sec) at temperatures up to 100 °C (in particular at temperatures up to 150 °C often in the range of 150 to 250 °C). The foam stability can be described by the time before the onset of foam collapse (breaking of foam lamellae) can be observed.
Preferably, the radical R1 in formula (I) is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, also preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28. Typically, the linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to the invention preferably can be prepared in a manner known in principle, by alkoxylation of commercial available alcohols (e.g. fatty alcohols) or mixtures of alcohols. Thus, the number of carbon atoms of radical R1 may refer here, in a known manner, to the average number of carbon atoms present in the alkylalkoxysulfonate, respectively refer to the maximum of distribution of the carbon atoms number in alkyl chain.
The linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention normally exhibit a block structure with the general structure given in formula (I). Typically, the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention comprise m butoxy groups of the general formula -0-(C4H8); n propoxy groups of the general formula -O- CH2-CH(CH3)-; and p ethoxy groups of the general formula -0-CH2CH2-.
The formula of the propoxy group -0-CH2-CH(CH3)- here is expressly intended to include units also of the formula -0-CH(CH3)-CH2)-, thus the inverse orientation of the alkoxy group in the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates is included. Typically, both orientations may be represented in a surfactant molecule. Depending on the reaction conditions
(e.g. basic or acid catalysis), the alkoxy units (e.g. propoxy units) normally are incorporated predominantly into one of the above described orientations. Furthermore, the butoxy group can be linear or branched after the polymerisation of e.g. butylenoxid. Preferably the butoxy group is branched.
Linear alkylalkoxysulfonates used according to the present invention can be prepared in a manner in principle known by a skilled person. Normally the alcohol R OH is reacted with alkylene oxide (e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide) using an alkoxylation catalyst. The synthesis can also be started from a mixture of alkyl al- cohols with a distribution of alkyl chain length, wherein normally the chain length of the maximum of distribution is mentioned (e.g. C24/26 alkyl alcohol or Ci6 is alkyl alcohol). The way by which alkoxylation reactions are carried out is known to the skilled person. It is likewise known to the skilled person that the molecular weight distribution of the alkoxylates can be influenced by the reaction conditions, in particular the choice of catalyst. Afterwards the alkoxylated alcohol can e.g. be reacted with thionylchloride (e.g. in chlorobenzene) giving the chloride product. After that a reaction with e.g. sodium sulfite can follow, which gives the desired sulfonate.
The numbers m, n, p refer to the average value of the alkoxy (e.g. butoxy, propoxy, ethoxy groups) present in the alkylalkoxysulfonate, where the average value does not have to be a natural number, but may also be any desired rational number.
In particular the total number of alkoxy units (m+n+p) is a number in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10. In a preferred embodiment m = 0, n = 0, and p is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8. In a further preferred embodiment m = 0, n is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8, and p is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8. In a further preferred embodiment m is a number von 1 to 8, n is a number from 1 to 8, and n is a number from 1 to 8. In a further embodiment of the invention a linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) is used comprising more ethoxy units than propoxy units, wherein in particular the ratio of propoxy units and ethoxy units (n/p) is in the range of 0 to 1.
In one embodiment of the invention at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) is used, wherein R1 is a linear alkyl having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 28, and wherein m+n+p is a number in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.
In one embodiment, at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above can be used, wherein R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 28, m=0, n=0 and p is a number from 2 to 8. In one embodiment, at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above can be used, wherein R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 28, m=0, n is a number from 2 to 8, and p is a number from 2 to 8. Preferably, the present invention is directed to the use of an aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above for the production of foams as described above.
In an embodiment the invention is directed to the use of an aqueous composition com- prising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) for production of foam at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, preferably in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C and a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar. Particularly, the aqueous composition used according to the present invention may comprise (or consist of):
10-99.99 % (w/w), preferably 90 - 99.99 % (w/w) water,
0.01-10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 5 % (w/w), more preferably 0.01 to 1 (w/w), more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above,
0-25 % (w/w) of at least one further additive.
Unless otherwise defined in the following, all amounts given % (w/w) are related to the overall composition.
The composition often consists of 90 to 99% (w/w) of water, 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one alkylalkoxysulfonate. To this composition further additives (up to 25 % ) can be added.
Unless otherwise defined, all amounts given % (w/w) are related to the overall aqueous composition.
In an embodiment the aqueous composition described above comprises 0.01-10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 5 % (w/w), more preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), more preferably
0.05 to 0.5 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above.
In one embodiment the aqueous composition described above may comprise a mixture of at least two linear alkylalkoxysulfonates according to formula (I) as described above.
The further additives of aqueous composition used according to the present invention may be for example selected from: i) water-soluble inorganic salts (for example sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride); ii) co-solvents selected from alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. butyl diglycol, ethers and esters; iii) additional surfactants (co-surfactants); iv) thickeners, e.g. layered silica. Particularly, the amount of further additives is in the range of 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably of 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably of 0.1 to 5 % (w/w).
In an embodiment of the invention the aqueous composition described above comprises as further additive at least one water-soluble inorganic salt in an amount of 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 10 % (w/w). In particular the water-soluble inorganic salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride. A "water-soluble compound" in terms of the present invention means a compound, which exhibits solubility in water at normal temperature (e.g. 25°C) of more than 10 g/l. In particular the aqueous composition described above can further comprise a co- solvent, which may be selected from a polar water-miscible solvent. In particular the cosolvent may be selected from alcohols, preferably methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, butyl monoglycol, butyl diglycol, butyl triglycol, ethers, preferably dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, ethylpropyl ether, glycol ethers and esters, preferably ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, propylene based glycol esters. Suitable cosolvents may also be mixtures or combinations of the solvents mentioned above.
In an embodiment of the invention the aqueous composition described above comprises as further additive 0.01 to 25 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably from 0.1 to 5 % (w/w) of at least one co-solvent selected from alcohol, ether and ester. The aqueous composition described above can further comprise as further additive a surfactant (co-surfactant) additional to the linear alky alkoxy sulfonate described in formula (I), in particular this co-surfactant exhibits more hydrophilic properties in comparison to the linear alkylalkoxysulfonate described in formula (I). In particular the co- surfactant may be at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfonates (e.g. cumolsulfonate, dodecylsulfonate), alkyl sulfates (e.g. dodecyl sulfate, myristyl sulfate, palmityl sulfate, stearyl sulfate), alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkylalkoxysulfonates, alkylalkoxy sulfates, alkylarylalkoxy sulfonates, alkylarylalkoxy sulfates, alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkylalkoxy phosphates, alkyl polyglu- cosides and sorbitan fatty acid esters. Besides more hydrophilic co-surfactants in com- parison to the linear alkylalkoxysulfonates, less hydrophilic ones can be part of the aqueous composition like saturated or unsaturated C5.2o-alcohols (e.g. pentanol, hexa- nol, decanol, dodecanol, oleylalcohol, Ci6/i 8-alcohol), alkylamines with alkyl chain lengths from C8 to Ci8, fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid and stearic acid), and salts of fatty acids (e.g. sodium salt of stearic acid). Particularly, the co-surfactants mentioned above include a C8-2o-alkyl chain. The above mentioned surfactants can preferably be added in form of their salts, e.g. their alkali metal or earth alkali metal salts.
In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous composition used according to the present invention comprise as further additive a least one co-surfactant selected from the group C8-2o-alkyl sulfonates, C8.2o-alkyl sulfates, C8.2o-alkylaryl sulfonates, C8.2o-alkylaryl sulfates, C8.2o-alkylalkoxy sulfonates, C8-2o-alkylalkoxy sulfates, C8.2o-alkylarylalkoxy sulfonates, C8.2o-alkylarylalkoxy sulfates more preferably at least one C8-2o-alkylaryl sulfonate or C8.2o-alkylarylalkoxy sulfonate. Particularly, the aqueous composition used according to the present invention comprises at least one co-surfactant in an amount of 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), preferably from 0.1 to 0.9 % (w/w).
In an other embodiment the aqueous composition comprises said alkylalkoxy- sulfonate(s) according to formula (I) as sole surfactant.
In a preferred embodiment the invention is directed to the use as described above, wherein the foam is used for washing and cleaning, formation of micro-emulsions, metal production or oil recovery applications.
Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a method of producing a foam, in particular a high-temperature stable foam, comprising the following steps
Preparation of an aqueous composition by adding (e.g. dissolving) at least linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) in water
Rd Ru
R^O-(C4H8) m -O-CH— CH- n -0-CH-CH2 J p SO, X
(I) wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2; b) Optionally addition of at least one further additive to the aqueous composition; c) Contacting the aqueous composition (obtained in step a or if applicable in step b) with a gas; wherein the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150°C to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
Typically at least one step, preferably step c, of the method described above is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
In another embodiment step c) can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 15°C to 30°C and afterwards the aqueous composition (respectively the foam) is brought to a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferred in the range of 200°C to 250°C.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention contacting the aqueous composition (obtained in step a) or if applicable in step b)) with a gas (step c) is carried out by injection of a gas into the aqueous composition.
The method described above, preferably step c, can in particular be carried out at a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar.
Preferably, the method of producing foams is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C. More preferably contacting the aqueous composition with a gas (step c) is carried out at a temperature in range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, often in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C
The further additive may be selected from water-soluble inorganic salts and co- solvents, co-surfactants, and thickener. In view of the further additive used in the inventive method the preferred embodiments mentioned before in connection with the use of linear alkyalkoxysulfonates for the production of foam can also be applied.
The gas used in step c is preferably selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, water vapour, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, fuel gas, air and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from air, steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and mixtures thereof. More preferably the gas is selected from air, steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and mixtures thereof.
In particular at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) as described above in connection with the use for production of foam can be preferably used in the inventive method of producing foams.
Particularly, preferred embodiments of the aqueous composition described above in view of use of linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) for production of foam can be used in the inventive method of producing foams.
Preferably the present invention is directed to a method of producing a foam as described above, wherein 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one co-surfactant is added as further additive to the aqueous composition. Suitable co-surfactants are described above.
In an embodiment the present invention is directed to a method of producing a foam comprising the following steps:
Preparation of an aqueous composition by adding (e.g. dissolving) 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula I in water
Rd Ru
R^O-(C4H8) m -O-CH— CH- n -0-CH-CH2 J p SO, X
(I) wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 30, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 22 to 28, more preferably from 24 to 28;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
n is a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8;
p is a number from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2;
Addition of at least one co-surfactant in an amount of 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), preferably from 0.1 to 0.9 % (w/w) to the aqueous composition; c) Injection of a gas into the aqueous composition (obtained in step a and if applicable in step b), at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C, preferably in the range of 150° to 250°C, preferably in the range of 180°C to 250°C, more
preferably in the range of 200°C to 250°C, and preferably under a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar.
In a further aspect the present invention is directed to a foamable, aqueous composi- tion comprising
10 to 99.99 % (w/w), preferably 90 to 99.9 % (w/w) water,
0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula
(I),
wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 22 to 30, preferably from 24 to 30, preferably from 25 to 30, preferably from 25 to 28;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10; preferably from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 8;
n is a number from 0 to 10; preferably from 1 to 8;
p is a number from 0 to 20; preferably from 1 to 8;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2;
0 to 25 % (w/w) of at least one further additive.
The composition often consists of 90 to 99 % (w/w) of water, 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one alkylalkoxysulfonate. To this composition further additives (up to 25 %) can be added.
Unless otherwise defined, all amounts given % (w/w) are related to the overall aqueous composition.
Preferably, the foamable aqueous composition described above comprises 0.01 to 10 % (w/w), preferably 0.01 to 5 % (w/w), more preferably 0.01 to 1 % (w/w), more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I).
Furthermore, the preferred embodiments described before in connection with use of the aqueous composition for production of foam at high temperature can also be applied for the above described inventive foamable aqueous composition. The present invention is illustrated in further detail by the following examples.
Example 1 : Foam formation up to 200°C
An autoclave with windows on the front and on the backside was used to observe foam-ability, foam structure and foam stability as function of temperature and time by a video camera. The temperature was adjusted by electrical heating units. Pictures and short videos were taken for documentation. Nitrogen was used to apply a maximum pressure of 80 bar for keeping the solution liquid. Foam was created by nitrogen injection into the aqueous surfactant solution (50 ml), which was stirred mechanically (1300 rpm). The concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. A frit with 2 μηι pore size was placed at the end of the injection tube to create small air bubbles. After nitrogen injection stirring was stopped and foam stability was detected.
At different temperatures up to 200°C the time was notified when the first indication of foam collapse was visible (see y-axis of Figure 1).
Figure 1 shows the time t in sec, when the first foam collapse was visible (y-axis), at temperature T in °C from 120 to 200°C (x-axis), wherein: the open squares (□) indicate the C16/C18-6PO-2EO-S03Na,
the close triangles ( A ) indicate the C12-Phenol-6PO-2EO-S03Na and
the close lozenges (♦) indicate the iC17-6PO-2EO-S03Na surfactant.
EO stands for ethoxy unit(s), PO stands for propoxy unit(s) and BO stand for butoxy unit(s). C with number describes the alkyl chain of surfactant, e.g. C16 means alkyl chain with 16 carbon atoms, iC17 means iso-alkyl chain with 17 carbon atoms.
As can be seen from the results in Figure 1 , in comparison to different surfactant structures with nearly the same number of C-atoms in the hydrophobic molecular part, linear alkyl chains perform very well. Branching was expected to lower the surfactant packing density at the air/water interface which destabilizes the foam lamellae.
It can bee seen in Figure 1 , that the foam comprising C16/C18-6PO-2EO-S03Na is stable for about 400 sec at 150°C, but the foams comprising the comparative surfactants C12-Phenol-6PO-2EO-S03Na and iC17-6PO-2EO-S03Na collapse at a tempera- ture of 150°C after 2 and 5 sec. At a temperature of 120°C the foam comprising C16/C18-6PO-2EO-S03Na collapses after 500 sec, the foam comprising C12-Phenol- 6PO-2EO-S03Na collapses after 35 sec and the foam comprising iC17-6PO-2EO- S03Na collapses after 3 sec. Example 2: Foam formation at 250°C
At a temperature of 250°C the sodium salts of linear C24/26-polyethoxy-sulfonates with different numbers of ethoxy units (EO) and at different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCI) were compared by their foaming behaviour. The foams were created in the same way as described in example 1. The foam stability (time before the foam starts to collapse) was determined as described in example 1. The concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 : Start of foam collapse at 250 °C
As can be seen from the results in Table 1 , the foam stability depends on the number of ethoxy units (EO number). The addition of salt may shield the charge of the anionic sulfonate groups which results in a tighter packing at the air/water interface. It can be predicted that foam stability increases in presence of salt.
In case of C22-2EO-S03Na, it was found that foam stability continuously increases with rising amount of KCI and reaches its highest value at about 100 g/l. However, in some cases, e.g. C22-5EO-S03Na or C24/26-4EO-S03Na it was found that the foam stability goes through a maximum with increasing amounts of salt. This effect may be related to salting out effects depending on EO units and the alkyl chain length as well as potentially complexing phenomena in case of C22-5 EO-S03Na.
Example 3: Influence of alkyl chain length on foam stability
The foam stability of foams comprising alkylalkoxy-sulfonates with different alkyl chain length was determined at temperatures in the range of 200 to 250°C as described in Example 2, wherein the concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. The results were summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Start of foam collapse at 200 °C and 250 °C
It was found that foam stability increases with increasing alkyl chain length of the surfactant. Example 4: Foam stability using surfactant mixtures
The foam stability of C24/26-4EO-S03Na in combination with an alkyl-aryl-alkoxy-sulfonate (Ci2-Phenol-6PO-2EO-S03Na) in different ratios was determined at temperatures in the range of 200 to 250 °C as described in Example 2, wherein the total concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. The weight ratios of surfactants were 9:1 and 8:2. The results were summarized in Table 3.
Table 3: Start of foam collapse at 200°C and 250°C
Temperature [°C] 200 250
Start of foam collapse
Surfactant
[sec]
C24/26-4EO-S03Na 550 40
C2426-4EO-S03Na + Ci2-Phenol-6PO-2EO-S03Na (9: 1) 1600 1 10
C2426-4EO-S03Na + C12-Phenol-6PO-2EO-S03Na (8:2) 1000 40
The results show that foam stabilizing effects can also be achieved by using surfactant mixtures including an alkylalkoxysulfonate and at least one further surfactant with a shorter hydrophobic chain. Example 5: Influence of additives
The foam stability of C22-2EO-S03Na surfactant in combination with layered silica clay mineral and salt was determined at temperatures in the range of 200 to 250 °C as described in Example 2, wherein the concentration of the surfactant was 1 g/l. The compositions and the results concerning foam stability at T=200°C and T=250°C were summarized in Table 4. Laponite RD was used as layered silica, potassium chloride (KCI) was used as salt.
Table 4: Start of foam collapse at 200°C and 250°C
The clay mineral can thicken the water phase between the foam lamella in order to reduce water drainage and to enhance foam stability. Clay mineral (Laponite RD) exhibits a foam stabilizing effect.
Example 6: Chemical stability
Storage of an aqueous solution of 1 g/l C22-2EO-S03Na for a period of 12 hours at 250°C and a pressure of 62 bar had no influence on foaming behaviour.
Claims
1. Use of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I)
°-(C4H8)^ 0-CH-CH^ 0-CH2-CH2-^S03 X
(I) wherein:
R is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl; with the provision that for each of the n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10;
n is a number from 0 to 10;
p is a number from 0 to 20;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2; for the production of a foam at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C.
2. Use according to claim 1 , wherein R is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms.
Use according to any of claim 1 or 2, wherein an aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) is used for production of foams.
Use according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein an aqueous composition comprising the following components is used:
10-99.99 % (w/w) water,
0.01-10 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I),
0-25 % (w/w) of at least one further additive.
5. Use according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aqueous composition comprises as further additive at least one water-soluble inorganic salt in an amount of 0.01 to 25 % (w/w).
6. Use according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aqueous composition com- prises as further additive 0.01 to 25 % (w/w) of at least one co-solvent selected from alcohol, ether and ester.
7. Use according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) is used for production of foam at a temperature in the range of 150°C to 250°C and a pressure in the range of 1 to 100 bar.
8. Use according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the foam is used for washing and cleaning, formation of micro emulsions, metal production or oil recovery applica- tions.
9. Method of producing foams comprising the following steps: a) Preparation of an aqueous composition by adding at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I) in water
wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 14 to 36 carbon atoms;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, hydrogen or methyl; with the provision that for each of n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen; m is a number from 0 to 1 ;
n is a number from 0 to 10;
p is a number from 0 to 20;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2; b) Optionally addition of at least one further additive to the aqueous composition; c) Contacting the aqueous composition with a gas; wherein the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 250°C.
10. Method according to claim 9, wherein contacting the aqueous composition with a gas (step c) is carried out by injection of a gas into the aqueous composition.
1 1. Method according to any of claim 9 or 10, wherein the gas used in step c is se- lected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, water vapour, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, fuel gas, air and mixtures thereof.
12. Method according to any of claims 9 to 11 , wherein 0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one co-surfactant is added as further additive to the aqueous composition.
13. Method according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein contacting the aqueous composition with a gas is carried out at a temperature in the range of 150°C to 250°C.
14. Foamable aqueous composition comprising: 10 to 99.99 % (w/w) water,
0.01 to 10 % (w/w) of at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate according to formula (I), Rd Ru
R^O-(C4H8) m -O-CH— CH- n -0-CH-CH2 J p SO, X
(I) wherein:
R1 is a linear alkyl chain having from 20 to 36 carbon atoms;
Ra is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, is hydrogen or methyl;
Rb is, independently for each of n alkoxy units, is hydrogen or methyl; with the provision that for each of n alkoxy units at least one of Ra or Rb is not hydrogen;
m is a number from 0 to 10;
n is a number from 0 to 10;
p is a number from 0 to 20;
with the provision that m+n+p >0;
X is selected from Na+, K+, Mg2+, and NH4 +,
y is an integer 1 or 2;
0 to 25 % (w/w) of one or more further additives.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12704847.8A EP2678414A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-23 | Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11155726 | 2011-02-24 | ||
PCT/EP2012/053063 WO2012113861A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-23 | Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams |
EP12704847.8A EP2678414A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-23 | Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2678414A1 true EP2678414A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=45688526
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12704847.8A Withdrawn EP2678414A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-23 | Compositions comprising alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of high temperature stable foams |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2678414A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103380208B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012219554A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013021063A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2827323A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA201391214A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013009598A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012113861A1 (en) |
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MY165866A (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2018-05-18 | Basf Se | Method for manufacturing integrated circuit devices, optical devices, micromachines and mechanical precision devices having patterned material layers with line-space dimensions of 50 nm and less |
CA2913048A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Enhanced oil recovery method employing a biodegradable brine tolerant foam-forming composition |
CN104857662A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-26 | 厦门安港消防科技有限公司 | Foam extinguishing agent |
CN106590576B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Steam combination flooding foam compositions and preparation method |
FR3053690B1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-12-06 | Rhodia Operations | STABILIZATION OF FOAMS BY CLAY PARTICLES |
MX2020006887A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2020-09-07 | Unilever Ip Holdings B V | Method for demonstrating cleansing efficacy. |
CN115058238B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-02-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Surface modified nanoparticle high-temperature foam stabilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
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US4577688A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-03-25 | Texaco Inc. | Injection of steam foaming agents into producing wells |
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US4018278A (en) | 1974-11-25 | 1977-04-19 | Texaco Inc. | Surfactant oil recovery process usable in high temperature formations |
CA1096153A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1981-02-24 | Russell D. Shupe | Surfactant oil recovery process usable in high temperature, high salinity formations |
US4201678A (en) | 1978-03-17 | 1980-05-06 | Union Oil Company Of California | Foam drilling and workover in high temperature wells |
US4502538A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1985-03-05 | Shell Oil Company | Polyalkoxy sulfonate, CO2 and brine drive process for oil recovery |
DE3622439A1 (en) | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Henkel Kgaa | HAIR TREATMENT |
US5193618A (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-16 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Multivalent ion tolerant steam-foaming surfactant composition for use in enhanced oil recovery operations |
US5358045A (en) | 1993-02-12 | 1994-10-25 | Chevron Research And Technology Company, A Division Of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Enhanced oil recovery method employing a high temperature brine tolerant foam-forming composition |
US5996693A (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 1999-12-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and compositions for cementing pipe in well bores |
US9018145B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2015-04-28 | Lubrizol Oilfield Solutions, Inc. | Foamer composition and methods for making and using same |
EP1803801A1 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-07-04 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Powder or granulate based on glutamic-N,N,diacetic acid and its salts |
CN100430455C (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-11-05 | 山东大学 | High temperature stratum self-generating foam composition and application thereof in viscous oil exploitation |
-
2012
- 2012-02-23 MX MX2013009598A patent/MX2013009598A/en unknown
- 2012-02-23 CN CN201280009626.8A patent/CN103380208B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-23 WO PCT/EP2012/053063 patent/WO2012113861A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-02-23 AU AU2012219554A patent/AU2012219554A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-23 CA CA2827323A patent/CA2827323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-23 EA EA201391214A patent/EA201391214A1/en unknown
- 2012-02-23 BR BR112013021063A patent/BR112013021063A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-02-23 EP EP12704847.8A patent/EP2678414A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4577688A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-03-25 | Texaco Inc. | Injection of steam foaming agents into producing wells |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103380208B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
CN103380208A (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CA2827323A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
WO2012113861A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
BR112013021063A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
AU2012219554A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
MX2013009598A (en) | 2013-11-04 |
EA201391214A1 (en) | 2014-02-28 |
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