EP2665518A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erstellung einer bestrahlungsplanung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erstellung einer bestrahlungsplanungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2665518A1 EP2665518A1 EP12700673.2A EP12700673A EP2665518A1 EP 2665518 A1 EP2665518 A1 EP 2665518A1 EP 12700673 A EP12700673 A EP 12700673A EP 2665518 A1 EP2665518 A1 EP 2665518A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- planning
- temporarily
- dose
- partially
- uncertainty
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1037—Treatment planning systems taking into account the movement of the target, e.g. 4D-image based planning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
- A61N5/1043—Scanning the radiation beam, e.g. spot scanning or raster scanning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a radiation planning. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for generating a radiation planning.
- Particle beams are used in the meantime in different fields of technology. Depending on the purpose and the available cost range, different types of particles are used. For example, particle beams with photons, electrons, protons and heavy ions (eg helium ions, carbon ions, etc.), pions, mesons, etc. are used. In part, mixtures of different particles are used. Depending on the particle type and the required energy, the accelerators required for generating the particle beam are constructed differently and sometimes quite complex.
- a technical field in which particle beams have been used successfully for many years is in the field of medical technology.
- photon radiation in particular X-ray radiation
- a big advantage of particle beams with hadrons, especially heavy ions, is that they have a pronounced Bragg peak. That is, when penetrating matter, the corresponding particles do not disperse their kinetic energy evenly along their trajectory to the penetrated tissue.
- scanning methods in particular also raster scanning methods, including intensity-modulated raster scanning methods
- a pencil-thin particle beam (a so-called pencil beam) is used to successively approach the tissue to be treated in succession.
- a great advantage of such scanning methods is that almost any type of tumor can be treated.
- the treatment with heavy ion beams takes place in particular using so-called "radiation planning", which is due to the large number of different interactions between the heavy ions of the particle beam and the tissue, whose computational consideration is very complex.
- radiation planning is due to the large number of different interactions between the heavy ions of the particle beam and the tissue, whose computational consideration is very complex.
- For a numerical treatment of the problem for example, even today available fast computer require computing times in the range of minutes to hours.
- the doctor will first prescribe a (biologically effective) dose distribution for the patient.
- the dose distribution depends on the respective volume range in the patient's body.
- the effective dose in the area of the tumor must be above a damage threshold, so that the tumor tissue is destroyed.
- the surrounding tissue as little as possible (ideally not at all, but this is usually not technically feasible) to burden.
- Tissues can be, for example, the main blood vessels, nerve nodes or the spinal cord.
- the treatment planning is then prepared, which is - roughly speaking - the (biologically effective) dose distribution prescribed by the physician in a format that can be used by the irradiation device ( In practice, this is done by calculating which biological effect a thin particle beam coming from one or more directions with a certain (three-dimensional) movement pattern. ter (in scanning method) is introduced into the target volume range of the target body causes. The calculated biological effects are compared with the biologically effective dose distribution prescribed by the physician. Optimization techniques attempt to minimize the difference between the prescribed dose distribution and the billing-based biologically effective dose distribution.
- dose contributions are taken into account, which the particle beam introduces into other volume areas (for example into individual grid points).
- the dose contributions behind (distal to) the "current" volume area (grid point) are very small (so that they can often be neglected), whereas in the direction of the beam before (proximal to) the "current" volume area (grid point) relevant dose entries can be made.
- RBE Relative Biological Effect
- the so-called Relative Biological Effect depends in a complex and non-linear manner on physical parameters, for example the relationship between the deposited one typically changes Physical dose (corresponding to the energy loss of the particle beam) and the tissue damage (ie the biologically effective dose) as a function of the particle energy
- RBE Relative Biological Effect
- the introduced dose both the physical and the biologically effective dose
- the tissue type including (among others) bone, muscle tissue, blood vessels, cavities and the like
- the treatment planning must be weighted differently.
- a major problem with today's usual irradiation planning is that they generally start from a fixed parameter data set.
- Such parameters are, for example, the operating parameters of the accelerator system, the tumor distribution, the distribution of different types of tissue, particle beam size and energy, the position of the patient relative to the accelerator system, the location of the tumor within the patient, the beam profile, the movement of the patient and the movement of tumor areas through respiration, heartbeat and other internal movements of the patient, etc.
- These parameters are used to prepare the treatment plan.
- the object of the invention is thus to propose a comparison with the prior art improved method for preparing a treatment planning.
- a further object of the invention is to propose a device for the preparation of an irradiation planning improved compared to the prior art.
- the invention solves this problem.
- the size of the fluctuations imposed thereby or the type of fluctuation pattern is based on real occurring fluctuations or realistic expected fluctuations.
- an automated consideration does not exclude that (in particular to a certain extent) a manual intervention can take place or different automated fluctuation patterns can be selected by manual specification.
- Such (partially) automated consideration of at least one uncertainty can prove to be advantageous in the context of the proposed method, in particular also with regard to the possible further developments of the proposed method mentioned below.
- the result of the irradiation planning process can thereby become better and, in particular, more robust.
- a further advantage is that advantageous treatment planning can as a rule also be much more independent of the ability, level of experience, "feeling", etc.
- the person involved with the treatment planning which may mean, for example, that there is less in relation to today the impact of an uncertainty (or multiple uncertainties, in particular a larger number of relevant uncertainties, in particular substantially all and / or all relevant uncertainties) on the results of the treatment planning; can be calculated, evaluated, displayed and / or taken into account in any manner, for example, calculating that the values are only calculated internally, but it makes more sense if something is also "started" with the calculated values.
- an evaluation of the (provisional) irradiation planning in particular an evaluation of the (provisional) irradiation planning brought about by the irradiation planning device itself, is carried out.
- this can be done by blocking or not issuing treatment planning if the effects of an uncertainty are too great and, in particular, above a certain limit.
- an "allowable" treatment planning can be created and / or released especially below a certain threshold.
- the effects of the uncertainties are represented, for example, at least temporarily and / or at least partially qualitatively and / or quantitatively, by the person who creates the irradiation planning (or by the persons who create the irradiation planning). The corresponding persons can then (for example based on their experience) optimize the irradiation planning in such a way that the effects of the uncertainties are, for example, particularly small and / or otherwise advantageous (in other words, they are particularly robust).
- an optimization algorithm can automatically carry out an optimization also with regard to the effects of the at least one uncertainty (in other words carry out an optimization with regard to the robustness of the irradiation planning) so that, for example, a (local) minimum can be achieved.
- the effects of an uncertainty are, in particular, to be understood as a fluctuation in the dose distribution in the volume to be irradiated or in parts of the volume to be irradiated (or not to be irradiated). In particular, this may relate to (possibly avoidable) underdoses in the area of the tumor to be treated and / or overdoses in the healthy tissue, in particular in areas in which sensitive tissue (such as OARs) is present.
- the at least one uncertainty represents, at least temporarily and / or at least partially, a fluctuation of at least one parameter, in particular represents a fluctuation of at least one parameter in a typical and / or maximum expected frame.
- an automated consideration of the uncertainty can prove to be advantageous.
- the size and nature of the fluctuations used for this purpose is preferably oriented to the reality or the "expected reality". It is therefore possible, for example, to calculate a plurality of irradiation plans, and then to compare them.
- the calculation can be carried out such that an irradiation planning is calculated in the event that the relevant parameter has its nominal value, an irradiation planning is calculated in the event that the relevant parameter assumes its typical maximum value, an irradiation planning calculated for the case If the parameter in question has its maximum value to be expected in real operation, irradiation planning is calculated in the event that the relevant parameter assumes its typical minimum value and / or an irradiation planning is calculated for the value that the relevant parameter has minimum value expected in real operation. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible that (further) intermediate values are calculated.
- these may be chosen to be suitably statistically distributed, for example, to correspond to the realistic parameter values expected over time (preferably, an appropriate statistical weighting may be provided here).
- an appropriate statistical weighting may be provided here.
- the respective parameters it is basically possible in any way for the respective parameters to be varied "one-dimensionally", or for a variation in n parameters to take place in the form of an n-dimensional space.Of course, intervening strategies are also possible between these two extremes
- the irradiation plans obtained in each case can then be compared with one another, for example, it is possible for the respective irradiation planning received in each case to be displayed "only" to the person preparing the irradiation planning. It is also possible that by applying mathematical fit Certain tendencies are displayed and / or in an at least limited extent automated optimization takes place.
- parameters which, for experience, have only a small or (almost) no influence on the irradiation planning should not be taken into account or only with a lower "resolution" (computation point density) for reasons of calculation time. points for the respective parameter whose (for example, according to experience) expected impact on the treatment planning reflects.
- all values can be used which have an impact / influence on the irradiation planning, in particular those which have a non-negligible, a greater and / or a significant effect on the irradiation planning. It is particularly preferred if at least one uncertainty and / or at least one fluctuation of at least one parameter and / or at least one parameter is taken at least temporarily and / or at least partially from the group comprising the patient positioning, the motion detection, the beam range, the beam profile Beam position and the type of tissue includes. It has been found that, in particular, the variables mentioned usually have a particularly great effect on irradiation planning.
- patients are stored with the aid of an immobilization system or a patient positioning system, wherein storage inaccuracies in the range of typically millimeters can occur. or as a rotation of the jet entrance channel in the dose calculation
- respiration of a patient may be tracked using strain gauges, imaging techniques (eg, CT and / or monitoring using a video camera), and based on this, the current location of a moving target volume range (e.g. Lung tissue arranged tumor) are closed.
- a moving target volume range e.g. Lung tissue arranged tumor
- beam profile (both lateral and longitudinal) is to be understood as meaning, in particular, shortcomings with regard to the shaping of the particle beam (usually a circular beam profile with Gaussian profile) due to technical limitations or imperfections "(both lateral and longitudinal) are to be understood in particular positioning errors, which may be caused by a particle energy modulation means, by errors of a lateral Colourablenksystems (for example, magnetic field coils) and the like. Such inaccuracies may arise, in particular, due to technical limitations or inadequacies. They can be taken into account by varying the isocenter and / or by rotation of the jet entry channel.
- the range of the particle beam due to the different damping effect of different types of tissue in the patient can be understood as "beam range.”
- the so-called Hounsfield units which can be read, for example, from a CT data set, must be used to control a particle transport. niger device into water equivalent ranges are converted. This can be done for example with the aid of a table. However, such a table has only a finite accuracy. Uncertainties in the beam range can be achieved, for example, by manipulating the Hounsfield Unit Range Table and / or by global shifting.
- tissue type is to be understood as meaning a value that takes into account inaccuracies in the (measured) tissue type, and thus in relation to the different damping effect and / or biological effectiveness of the particle beam on the corresponding tissue. that the tissue boundaries and / or the tissue properties are varied.
- the method can be carried out in such a way that the effects of at least one uncertainty are calculated, represented and / or taken into account at least temporarily and / or at least partially by comparing at least two, preferably from a plurality of irradiation planning results.
- the comparison of a plurality of radiation planning results and / or the consideration of two or more uncertainties can be carried out particularly preferably (at least partially) automatically.
- a (partial) manual user intervention and / or a manual user adjustment is conceivable.
- irradiation planning results which were determined by at least temporary variation and / or at least partial variation or by fluctuation of at least one parameter can be used.
- the irradiation planning results obtained can - as already explained above - be displayed "only" to the person preparing the irradiation planning, and / or automatically, for example using known numerical see optimization strategies, be used, in the end to come to an improved, in particular more robust treatment planning.
- uncertainties are calculated, evaluated, displayed and / or taken into account.
- uncertainties or their effects
- all relevant parameters are taken into account.
- the human eye is particularly suitable for processing a large number of graphically displayed information in a short time.
- the person preparing the treatment planning it is possible for the person preparing the treatment planning to have a particularly comfortable, fast and, as a rule, intuitive use of the method.
- particularly good results of the treatment planning can typically be achieved.
- the method can advantageously be carried out on already existing hardware (or any hardware changes can be kept to a lesser, justifiable cost) and / or the person preparing the irradiation plan does not have to relearn extensively before he can use the method.
- a display as an absolute value can represent, for example, a calculated maximum value or minimum value (output, for example, as indication of the deposited dose).
- An indication in the form of a relative fluctuation is also possible, for example by indicating what percentage of the "actual" dose to be deposited has been exceeded or undershot.Also, an absolute fluctuation can be indicated which, for example in units of the deposited dose, is a potential one Another indication is how far you are approaching a limit or how far it has exceeded it (for example, in the form of a relative and / or an absolute indication). It is also conceivable to display a flag which, for example, represents in binary form whether one is still within a permissible fluctuation range (or within a narrowly selected test fluctuation range) or whether it has already been left Type of ad is changeable and / or between different ad can be changed.
- the change or the change from the person carrying out the treatment planning is feasible.
- different forms of display are often desirable or useful at different times in the preparation of an irradiation planning.
- the method is at least temporarily and / or at least partially a flicker representation, a color-coded representation, a gray scale representation, an isolines representation, a washing representation and / or a character representation.
- the type of display can be changed and / or changed, in particular depending on the specific request of the person preparing the treatment planning.
- a character representation can be done, for example, by displaying numerical values, or else by displaying a cross or a tick (for "lies outside of an additional limit value” or "lies within an additional limit value”).
- Color-coded representations, grayscale representations, isoline representations, and washing representations tend to be particularly intuitive for the person designing the treatment plan.
- such representations are partly already used for the preparation of irradiation planning, so that a particularly rapid learning of the proposed method is possible.
- a flicker display is particularly advantageous, since different images are shown one after the other in chronological order.
- the additional dimension to be displayed can be realized by means of the "time axis.”
- the flicker representation is particularly advantageous with the other, explicitly proposed display modes, but also with any other display modes.
- the frequency of the image change is chosen so high that the image change is no longer recognized as such, but for the human eye from the under defenceli a single picture with "mixed colors" is created.
- a further preferred development of the method results if the treatment planning is carried out at least temporarily and / or at least partially as 3-D treatment planning and / or as 4-D treatment planning.
- 3D radiation planning is particularly suitable for substantially fixed target volume ranges (possibly also for mobile target volume ranges which are irradiated with the aid of "gating" irradiation methods.)
- a 4-D irradiation planning is particularly advantageous when a moving radiation volume Target volume area, in particular if the moving target volume area is actively “tracked", in particular by means of so-called “tracking” irradiation methods (commonly known as scanning, spot-scanning, continuous scanning, raster scanning). Scanning method and / or intensity-modulated raster scanning performed).
- the apparatus may in particular be "classical", software-controlled electronic computers.
- the computers can consist of a large number of individual computers, which are linked to one another, for example by electronic networks, and can in any case be so-called workstation farms or even distributed computer networks, where the computers are not located in a single location, but may be spatially far apart, and may be coupled together, for example, via the Internet, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and the like (e.g., so-called distributed computing ").
- VPN Virtual Private Networks
- a memory device which contains at least one irradiation planning, which was created at least temporarily and / or at least partially according to the method described above.
- the memory device may be any electronic memory device, such as the memory area of an electronic computer (RAM, hard disks and the like).
- it can also be a data carrier device, such as, for example, a floppy disk, a CD, a DVD, a Blu-ray disc, a USB stick, a removable disk, a conventional diskette magneto-optical disk, etc.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic flowchart for a method for preparing a radiation planning
- FIG. 2 shows a device for generating an irradiation planning in a schematic, perspective view
- 3 shows a first example of an illustration of the effects of uncertainties on the treatment planning
- 4 shows a second example of an illustration of the effects of uncertainties on the treatment planning.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow chart for a method for preparing a radiation planning 1, in which the effects of non-irradiation planning are shown. Collateral on the irradiation result in the context of treatment planning should be considered.
- the procedure for the preparation of an irradiation planning 1 starts with the starting step 2.
- the initial data for the preparation of an irradiation planning is provided.
- data about location, location, extent, type of tissue and the like of a tumor to be treated are read in as initial data.
- OARs Organ At Risk
- the tumor, the risk structures and possibly other tissue areas are constructed in a subsequent step 3. That is, the location and extent of the tumor and the risk structures are converted to the "numeric format" of the device on which the treatment planning is being made (for example, a very powerful computer), such as intuitively demonstrating the appropriate tissue areas with bounding lines become.
- the initial treatment planning is created / optimized with nominal parameters. That is, it is initially assumed that all input data, such as the information about the position of the respective tissue, are completely correct, ie no measurement errors or other changes have occurred. Likewise, it is assumed that all machine parameters and the like are error-free, ie, in particular, no beam position errors, beam energy errors, beamforming errors and the like occur. This corresponds to the previous, according to the prior art irradiation planning (once disregarding the "feeling" of the person preparing the treatment planning).
- the irradiation planning usually takes place iteratively and, in some cases, several initial attempts initiated by the person preparing the irradiation planning (which may be started with manual specifications created according to "feeling") may be required.
- a further step 5 is carried out in which a plurality of (relevant) parameters is varied.
- a plurality of (relevant) parameters is varied.
- an n-dimensional parameter space thus arises.
- the resulting dose distribution per parameter set is calculated for each parameter set in the n-dimensional parameter space.
- the variation of the (plurality of) (relevant) parameters takes place automatically in the present exemplary embodiment.
- the size of the variations is determined, for example, by the parameters of the irradiation device for which the irradiation planning is calculated, by the tissue distribution in the patient to be treated, etc. Incidentally, the corresponding values can be read in as part of start step 2 (with).
- Another parameter which can be taken into account is motion detection (in particular in the case of 4-D irradiation methods), which, for example, can be taken into account when using a movement surrogate.
- motion detection inaccurate measured values may be present due to imprecise amplitudes, inaccurate phases and / or a latency between the motion surrogate and the actual movement (ie a kind of phase offset).
- phase offset ie a kind of phase offset.
- These inaccuracies can be simulated in the calculation by suitable manipulations on the movement trajectory of the target volume range used for the 4-D dose calculation.
- Another example of another parameter is the beam range.
- the baseline for treatment planning is a 3-D CT dataset or a 4-D CT dataset.
- the "coloring" (tissue intensity) occurring in the CT dataset does not correspond to the water-equivalent coverage, as “seen” by the particle beam.
- a conversion of the "CT data" (measured in Hounsfield units (HU) into the water-equivalent range is carried out by means of a suitable conversion table and the parameters of the direction of irradiation, since such a table has only one finite precision (but usually also from others) Reasons), there are usually corresponding uncertainties in the beam range, which in the present calculation can be determined by a Manipulation of the Hounsfield units range table or a global shift can be considered.
- Another example is an uncertainty in the beam profile (lateral and longitudinal) which can occur due to technical limits or deficiencies in the acceleration process / beam guidance process.
- the corresponding uncertainty can be taken into account by a correspondingly modified physical dose entry per tissue volume unit (grid point).
- Yet another example is the inaccuracy of the biological model used to create the treatment planning. Such uncertainties can be taken into account by modified biological
- the variation of the parameters in method step 5 advantageously takes place in such a way that a certain number of intermediate points is taken into account.
- the density of the intermediate points can be increased, in particular, in those regions in which the resulting dose distribution changes particularly strongly (the effects of the parameter fluctuations are therefore particularly great). This increases the probability that the local maxima or the local minima are recorded as completely as possible.
- the variation of the parameters should take place in a range which is selected such that all typically occurring parameter changes and / or all the maximum expected parameter variation in real operation are covered.
- method step 5 can take a longer period of time. claim time. In particular, it may be necessary to calculate several hundred or several thousand dose distributions.
- the dose uncertainties or other statistical fluctuations per unit volume are determined.
- These uncertainties can be stored in a suitable format, such as stored in a corresponding dimensional matrix.
- absolute deviations from the target dose can be calculated and stored.
- further calculations are carried out, in particular summations or integrations. Such calculations are particularly useful (and usually to perform a certain - if later - time), if, for example, histograms and the like should be displayed.
- dose-volume histograms in the review of treatment plans, which means that a higher level of acceptance by medical staff can be achieved, albeit within the limits of what is proposed here. Error evaluation representation "such dose-volume histograms can be created.
- the dose variation is displayed in method step 7.
- this can be done by displaying the nominal dose distribution (desired dose distribution) superimposed with an uncertainty distribution.
- the display can be done, for example, as a so-called flicker plot, in which the nominal dose distribution and the uncertainty distribution with a relatively high frequency are displayed alternately one behind the other.
- flicker plot in which the nominal dose distribution and the uncertainty distribution with a relatively high frequency are displayed alternately one behind the other.
- the eye reacts relatively sensitively Movements, so that with the help of such a flicker plot a qualitatively and / or quantitatively good analysis can be done by a person.
- the maximum dose and / or the minimum dose from the uncertainty analysis (method step 6) can be displayed.
- a binary record can be displayed, the z. For example, in green or red indicates whether a given acceptance interval has been reached.
- a distribution which quantifies the uncertainties can be displayed flickering in complementary colors.
- the uncertainties can in particular be scaled such that they resemble the dose values of the respective volume ranges in terms of their colors, if the uncertainty is small and / or tolerable, or if colors complementary thereto are represented.
- these voxels may appear gray (especially with a high-frequency flicker). It is also possible that, instead of a flicker, the distribution is displayed statically over the nominal distribution with a certain transparency (for example, 50% transparency) (for example, using colors complementary to the nominal distribution). The transparency can then ensure that dose values with small uncertainties are represented, for example, in a gray scale. Greater deviations, on the other hand, can be represented in color by means of color representation (in the case of flicker representation as well as in transparent or other representation). The color may be the extent of the deviation.
- each volume area in the displayed images is displayed superimposed, for example, with an icon which indicates whether a confidence interval is adhered to.
- an icon which indicates whether a confidence interval is adhered to.
- a hook symbol may symbolize that Uncertainty is within a tolerable interval while a cross is crossing the limit.
- a quantitative representation is possible here, for example, by more or less filled rectangle frame are displayed (histogram-like representation).
- a representation as a contour plot is possible.
- a representation can be made via the CT data.
- step 8 Based on the representation generated in step 7, in the following step 8 the quality and in particular the robustness of the irradiation planning produced in the course of the method 1 (hitherto) is evaluated. Depending on whether the quality and / or robustness of the treatment planning is considered sufficient, either jump back to process step 4 9 or the next step 1 1 further jumped 10.
- procedural step 1 1 the generated irradiation planning, for example, on a disk (DVD , CD and the like).
- the rating 8 is not (exclusively) by one person. Rather, it is possible that, for example Additionally or alternatively, an automatic evaluation procedure is performed.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a planning device 13, on which, for example, the method 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 can be carried out for the preparation of an irradiation planning.
- the planning device 13 is based on a program-controlled electronic computer 14. To increase the computing capacity of the computer 14, this may have a plurality of processors and / or be designed as a so-called cluster.
- the computer 14 has an internal memory 16 (for example, a hard disk), on which a corresponding program code, which performs the method 1, is stored. It is quite possible for the program code stored in the internal memory 16 to be loaded, for example, into a volatile main memory (so-called RAM).
- RAM volatile main memory
- the computer 14 has a data input / output unit, which is designed as a DVD drive 15 in the presently illustrated embodiment.
- a DVD drive 15 for example, patient data, machine parameters, a prescribed dose distribution and the like can be read into the computer 14 via the DVD drive 15.
- the finished irradiation planning can be output and stored via the DVD drive 15.
- the DVD drive 15 may be, for example, a commercially available DVD burner which can not only read data from CDs or DVDs but also write data to blank CDs or blank DVDs. Of course, it is also possible to provide a plurality of DVD drives 15.
- the operation of the computer 14 is carried out via known data input units such as a keyboard 17, a mouse 18 and / or an electronic drawing board 19.
- the output of the irradiation planning and their uncertainties take place here via one or more screens 20.
- FIG. 3 shows a first example of a data output that was created using a method 1 for generating a radiation planning according to FIG. 1 (or according to another embodiment of an irradiation planning).
- a tumor region 21 to be treated which is located inside the head 22 of a patient (brain tumor), was selected.
- the tumor region 21 (which is possibly surrounded by a certain, smaller safety margin) is to be provided with a radiation dose, so that the tissue cells located in the tumor region 21 are severely damaged or killed.
- the tissue located outside the tumor region 21 should as far as possible not be exposed to radiation or as little as possible with radiation.
- the tumor region 21 is shown in a circle. In practice, this will usually have different shapes; to explain the present embodiment, the exact shape of the tumor area 21 is irrelevant.
- tissue contour lines 24 are shown in the representation, which serve the user of the planning device 13 for orientation - and thus in particular to facilitate work.
- the representation 23 can be represented, for example, by appropriate selection by the user on the screen 20 of a planning device 13 and optionally varied.
- a variation (variation) of the dose distribution with a variation of input parameters in the context of the preparation of an irradiation planning is calculated and displayed in the form of different gray levels.
- a specific grid was 25 chosen with a certain accuracy (grid resolution), wherein the grid 25 can be seen in the form of fine lines in Fig. 3.
- the resolution of the grid 25 can of course be chosen finer or coarser depending on the requirements.
- different raster resolutions in different spatial direction and / or different raster resolutions in different areas of the representation 23 are to be considered (for example, finer raster resolution in a volume area in or adjacent to the tumor area 21).
- the fluctuation of input parameters for example, device parameters and the like
- the fluctuation of input parameters does not lead to any (or at best to a minimal) change in the deposited dose in the respective tissue regions 26. Accordingly, no (noticeable) gray coloration can be recognized in these, removed tissue regions 26.
- the fluctuation in most tissue areas of the head 22 is in a well-tolerable range of fluctuation.
- the grays are only slightly tinted.
- the situation is different for the problem area 27 to be recognized in FIG. 3, where a variation of input parameters leads to a marked change in the deposited dose. For this reason, the problem area 27 is deposited with a very strong gray coloration.
- this is an indication that he should create a new, changed treatment planning, which is not so strong in the entire head area 22 Dose variation when changing parameter values shows. In other words, the user of the planning device 13 will try to calculate an irradiation planning in which the representation 23 of dose variations over the entire area has only halftone dots with little gray shade.
- a color scale is used additionally or alternatively instead of a grayscale scale.
- FIG. 3 A further development of the illustration 23 of dose fluctuations shown in FIG. 3 is the illustration 28 of dose fluctuations shown in FIG.
- the representation 28 shown in FIG. 4 largely resembles the representation 23 shown in FIG. 3.
- flag values in the form of hooks 29 and crosses 30 are additionally drawn .
- a hook 29 means that a maximum dose fluctuation prescribed by the doctor is not exceeded (for example, neither a maximum dose prescribed by a physician for a certain tissue area nor a minimum dose predetermined by a physician for a particular tissue area is exceeded or undershot, so that
- a cross 30 means that a surgeon declared inadmissible, too large a fluctuation in the Nose dose occurs.
- the representation 28 recognizable in FIG. 4 can be rejected by dose fluctuations due to the crosses recognizable in the problem area 27.
- no flag representation is made in tissue regions (in particular in remote tissue regions 26) in which the dose fluctuation is particularly low.
- the fluctuation values declared permissible by a physician can be "sharpened" by the user of the planning device 13, thereby allowing the user of the planning device 13 to use a particularly robust and comfortable way 5 to 8 show further representations 31, 32, 33, 34 of dose fluctuations
- the representations 31, 32, 33, 34 refer to so-called dose-volume histograms, as they already do In the illustrations 31, 32, 33, 34, the dose (in percent) is shown along the abscissa 35, while along the ordinate 36 the volume (also in FIG Percent).
- Figure 31 Represented in Figure 31 ( Figure 5) is both the corresponding target volume (CTV) CTV curve 37 and the critical organ tissue area (OAR) organ volume control waveform (OAR).
- CTV target volume
- OAR critical organ tissue area
- Error bars 39 which represent the change of the respective curve 37, 38 as a function of fluctuations in the input parameters.
- the exact definition of the illustrated error bar 39 may vary (for example, depending on specific user needs).
- the error bar 39 may represent a 5% -95% interval. Of course, other interval limits or other meanings are conceivable.
- FIG. 6 shows a modified representation 32 in comparison to FIG.
- the situation is illustrated for a plurality of different phases I, II, III, IV and V (in each case marked by different "line types".)
- the illustrated error bars 39 can be represented "cumulatively" for the different phases, or can also be represented individually for each individual phase I, II, III, IV and V.
- the error bars 39 can not only be drawn vertically, but also additionally or alternatively horizontally, which is shown in the illustration 33 in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 shows another illustration option 34, which is based on dose-volume histograms.
- the representation which can be based on gray levels or colors 40 (the gray levels or colors 40 being symbolized in the present case by different hatches 40), can represent different interval limits for different "error bars" easily and quickly, in addition to the different gray levels.
- Colors 40 is shown in the representation 34 shown in FIG. 8, a median line 41.
- a dose-volume curve 38 is additionally drawn for critical tissue regions can be.
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011000204A DE102011000204B4 (de) | 2011-01-18 | 2011-01-18 | Erstellung einer Bestrahlungsplanung unter Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen zumindest einer Unsicherheit |
PCT/EP2012/050654 WO2012098125A1 (de) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-01-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erstellung einer bestrahlungsplanung |
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EP2665518A1 true EP2665518A1 (de) | 2013-11-27 |
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EP12700673.2A Withdrawn EP2665518A1 (de) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-01-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erstellung einer bestrahlungsplanung |
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US (1) | US20130303825A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2665518A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6087295B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103328044A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011000204B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012098125A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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DE102012218529B3 (de) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-02-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Darstellung von Dosiswerten zur Planung einer Bestrahlung |
US9659350B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2017-05-23 | Morpho, Inc. | Image processing device and image processing method for image correction, and non-transitory computer readable recording medium thereof |
US10702708B2 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2020-07-07 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | Accounting for imaging-based radiation doses |
WO2017216219A1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-21 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Robust broad beam optimization for proton therapy |
EP3324318B1 (de) * | 2016-11-17 | 2024-06-05 | RaySearch Laboratories AB | System und verfahren zur ionenbasierten strahlentherapiebehandlung |
EP3326694B1 (de) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-11-21 | RaySearch Laboratories AB | System und verfahren zur ionenbasierten strahlentherapieplanung |
EP3384961B1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2021-10-13 | RaySearch Laboratories AB | System und methode zur modellierung der dosisberechnung in der strahlentherapieplanung |
CN110997063B (zh) | 2017-05-30 | 2022-04-29 | 反射医疗公司 | 用于计算放射注量的方法的放射治疗*** |
JP2020525093A (ja) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-08-27 | リフレクション メディカル, インコーポレイテッド | 生物学的適合放射線療法のためのシステムおよび方法 |
CN117761751A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2024-03-26 | 反射医疗公司 | 放射治疗的图形表示 |
WO2020150505A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-23 | Reflexion Medical, Inc. | Methods for setup corrections in radiation therapy |
JP2022166565A (ja) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-11-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 治療計画装置、粒子線治療システム、治療計画生成方法及びコンピュータプログラム |
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US20100117002A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-05-13 | Ad Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co. Kg | Irradiation System and Irradiation Method |
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US6148272A (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-11-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for radiation dose calculation within sub-volumes of a monte carlo based particle transport grid |
DE10318204B4 (de) * | 2001-10-22 | 2012-09-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Festlegen von Steuergrößen, Einstellungen oder technischen Parametern (Planungshilfe) |
US20040015073A1 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2004-01-22 | Michael Schell | Target repositioning error correction filter and method |
US8125813B2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2012-02-28 | Best Medical International, Inc. | Variance reduction simulation system, program product, and related methods |
US7362848B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2008-04-22 | Accuray Incorporated | Method for automatic anatomy-specific treatment planning protocols based on historical integration of previously accepted plans |
DE102005058871B3 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-07-26 | Siemens Ag | Medizinische Bestrahlungseinrichtung mit Diagnosegerät zur Darstellung von Bestrahlungscharakteristika sowie Betriebsverfahren |
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- 2012-01-17 US US13/977,938 patent/US20130303825A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-17 CN CN2012800056097A patent/CN103328044A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103328044A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
JP6087295B2 (ja) | 2017-03-01 |
DE102011000204B4 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
US20130303825A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
JP2014503315A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
WO2012098125A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 |
DE102011000204A1 (de) | 2012-07-19 |
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