EP2663406B1 - Device for thermal coating of a surface - Google Patents

Device for thermal coating of a surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2663406B1
EP2663406B1 EP12701688.9A EP12701688A EP2663406B1 EP 2663406 B1 EP2663406 B1 EP 2663406B1 EP 12701688 A EP12701688 A EP 12701688A EP 2663406 B1 EP2663406 B1 EP 2663406B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
adjustment
guide tube
coating
piece
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EP12701688.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2663406A1 (en
Inventor
Leander Schramm
Alexander Schwenk
Enrico Hauser
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Ford Werke GmbH
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Ford Werke GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/18—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for thermal coating of a surface according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method carried out thereby and a component produced by the method.
  • All apparatus include: a wire feeder for feeding a wire, the wire acting as a first electrode; a source of plasma gas for generating a plasma gas stream; a nozzle body having a nozzle opening through which the plasma gas stream is passed as a plasma jet to a wire end; and a second electrode disposed in the plasma gas stream before entering the nozzle orifice.
  • This arc also forms the plasma gas flowing through the nozzle opening.
  • the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle opening impinges on the end of the wire and there causes a melting of the wire with the arc and the removal of the molten wire material in the direction of the surface to be coated.
  • Secondary air nozzles are mounted annularly around the nozzle opening, creating a fluidized secondary gas jet which strikes the wire-end-melted material behind the wire end to accelerate transport toward the surface to be coated and secondary atomization of the molten wire material.
  • the coating should be produced without major inclusions of non or only partially melted spray particles. Such inclusions or so-called scratches are usually caused by not completely molten wire material. It has been found that if the wire is to be melted as completely and uniformly as possible, exact positioning of the wire relative to the nozzle opening is necessary. Likewise, a very short operating time of the device in the coating operation can make a new adjustment of the wire position necessary.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved device with which a safe and good coating of the surface, in particular a coating without inclusions and splashes, can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the wire feeder is adjustable, whereby the wire end located in front of the nozzle opening can be moved by a certain displacement, an adjustment of the wire or the wire end can be made relative to the nozzle opening in a simple manner. Under the adjustability or adjustment of the wire is a very small adjustment to understand.
  • adjustment paths of less than 0.2 mm are usually necessary in order to achieve sufficient accurate positioning.
  • the adjustment is not greater than 0.08 mm.
  • the wire feeder can, of course, due to the design, also move the wire end to larger adjustment paths. However, this is not necessary for the exact position of the wire end, but at best to be able to determine the optimal position during the adjustment process by a larger adjustment is driven and then the optimal wire position is determined iteratively.
  • an adjustment direction of the adjustment path is at least partially transverse to the wire longitudinal axis and / or at least partially transverse to the plasma jet.
  • the wire feed direction can be designed so that an adjustment takes place in any direction.
  • At least one component of the adjustment is transverse to the wire axis.
  • Another component of the adjustment is transverse to the plasma jet.
  • the adjustment of the wire end results in any case in a lateral displacement relative to the plasma jet.
  • the nozzle longitudinal axis of the nozzle opening approximately in the same direction as the plasma jet.
  • the wire feeder is adjustable by means of static adjustment.
  • Static means that the setting is not changed during one or more coating operations.
  • the setting is made when the device is switched off.
  • the wire can be positioned in a simple manner in front of the nozzle opening or in the plasma jet.
  • Particularly suitable are adjusting screws, by means of which the exact position of the wire can be adjusted quite accurately.
  • the wire feed device is adjustable by means of dynamic adjustment means. This also allows an adjustment during operation of the device, including during a coating process.
  • the adjustment can be quasi-static, so there is a continuous, but slight adjustment instead of the wire is always in the correct position.
  • the frequency may be adjusted to the speed of the device to compensate for a slight curvature of the rotating relative to the device wire.
  • the frequency can also be higher than the speed.
  • the frequency is such that a slight swinging of the wire end in the higher frequency range, eg. B. between 1 kHz and 10 kHz, to ensure a safe melting of the wire end by the wire end is deflected evenly within certain positioning limits. This ensures that all areas of the wire end are at least temporarily in the optimum position to the plasma jet. Due to the high-frequency vibration, individual areas of the wire end only leave this optimum position so short that no dangerous splashes or inclusions can form during melting. Before these form, the wire end is already swung back and a previously lying outside area is again in optimal position. This significantly improves the melting behavior of the wire end.
  • the higher frequency range eg. B. between 1 kHz and 10 kHz
  • Piezo crystals which are reliable and fast with little power, i. E. high frequency, can be switched.
  • piezo stacks In order to achieve the required adjustment paths are possibly so-called piezo stacks, so to use several stacked piezocrystals.
  • the wire feed device has an adjustable guide piece on which the adjusting means act.
  • An adjustment of the guide piece allows the exact alignment of the wire.
  • This guide piece is usefully arranged just before the exit of the wire from the Drahtzu Swiss thesis.
  • the wire feed device has an adjustable guide tube.
  • the wire feed device preferably has a stationary attachment piece, wherein the guide tube connects the attachment piece and the guide piece.
  • the wire feeding device can be fixed in the device, and by means of the guide tube, the wire is guided to the guide piece.
  • This provides a relatively long guide of the wire before it exits the leader.
  • guide tube, attachment piece and guide piece on a continuous bore, through which the wire is guided.
  • the leadership of the Wire in the wire feeder can also be done by other suitable means.
  • the attachment piece and guide tube are made in one piece and the guide tube is elastically deformed during adjustment. Due to the small adjustment paths, the elastic deformation of the guide tube may be sufficient to position the wire.
  • the guide piece can be firmly connected to the guide tube here. Or the guide piece is a separate part, the guide tube then takes over only the supply of the wire to the guide piece. The separate guide tube and guide piece can be centered over the wire itself.
  • Advantageously fastening piece and guide tube are made in two parts and between the attachment piece and guide tube, an elastic element is arranged, in particular an O-ring. While the attachment piece is firmly anchored in the device, the guide tube can be supported by the elastic element. At the same time allows the elastic support a small deflection of the guide tube to accomplish the adjustment of the wire end.
  • the guide piece may be firmly connected to the guide tube or be designed as a separate part. Again, the wire takes over the centering of the individual parts to each other, at least of attachment piece and guide tube, and if the guide piece is also separate, of guide piece and guide tube.
  • the guide piece has lateral guide surfaces for guiding in the device transversely to the adjustment direction. Since the adjustment direction is essentially transverse to the plasma jet, the positioning in the direction of the plasma jet is sufficient by means of the guide surfaces.
  • the dynamic / and or static adjustment during the starting process of the method may be different than during the actual coating process.
  • the wire position or the Dynamic adjusting movement can be well adapted to the requirements of an optimal wire melt. This includes z. B. that at the start of the process, a position of the wire is different than during coating, and that when starting the process, a dynamic adjustment is different than during coating, both with respect to the adjustment and the frequency of the adjustment.
  • the small, adjustable wire feeder can be easily accommodated in a dimensionally limited device. Limited because a device that is to be able to enter a cylinder bore can only have a certain dimensions, usually not more than 4 to 5 cm in diameter.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show sections through an inventive device 1.
  • the device 1 has a nozzle body 2 with a nozzle opening 3 and a wire feed device 4 for supplying a wire 5. It shows Fig. 1 the longitudinal section along the wire 5 and transversely to the nozzle opening 3 and FIG. 2 the longitudinal section along the wire 5 and along the nozzle opening 3.
  • the wire 5 is connected via an electrical contact, not shown, above the Wire feeder 4 is arranged, connected to a power source and thus acts as a first electrode.
  • a plasma gas feed 6 designed as a cavity, which is connected to a source of plasma gas (not shown).
  • a second electrode 7 is arranged, which is also connected to the power source.
  • gas flows from the plasma gas supply 6 through the nozzle opening 3 onto the wire end 8 of the wire 5.
  • the current source supplies a corresponding voltage and current, an arc forms between the wire end 8 and the second electrode 7 through the nozzle opening 5 , whereby the gas flowing through the nozzle opening 5 ionizes and thus becomes the plasma gas.
  • the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle opening 3 impinges on the wire end 8 and causes there with the arc a melting of the wire 5 and the removal of the molten wire material in the direction of the surface to be coated. In operation, therefore, the wire 5 must be constantly promoted in the direction of feed V to compensate for the melting of the wire end 8.
  • Secondary air nozzles 9 are mounted in annular fashion around the nozzle opening 3 and produce a fluidized secondary gas jet which atomises the molten material at the wire end 8 towards the melt area, thus accelerating transport towards the surface to be coated and finer distribution of the molten wire material ,
  • the wire feeder 4 In the FIGS. 3 and 4 only the wire feeder 4 is shown. It consists of an adjustable guide piece 11, an adjustable guide tube 12 and a fastened in the device 1 attachment piece 13, wherein the guide tube 12 attachment piece 13 and guide piece 11 connects.
  • This guide of the wire 5 in turn centers the three parts against each other.
  • the guide piece 11 has lateral guide surfaces 14 for guiding in the device 1 transversely to the adjustment directions F.
  • the guide piece 11 On the underside, the guide piece 11 on lower support surfaces 15, which cause a guide of the guide piece 11 in the direction of the wire longitudinal axis.
  • the adjustment S is shown by the dashed line of the guide piece 1 to the left and right. At least at its lower end, the guide tube 12 moves accordingly, while it is rather immovable in the upper region, at the transition to the attachment piece 13.
  • an O-ring 16 is arranged between attachment piece 13 and guide tube 12, an O-ring 16 is arranged. Via an external thread, the attachment piece 13 is firmly screwed in the device 1 and presses the O-ring 16 against the guide tube 12, which in turn presses the guide piece 11 via the support surfaces 15 against the device 1.
  • guide piece 11, guide tube 12 and attachment piece 13th braced against each other and clearly positioned in the device - except for the degree of freedom of the adjustment directions F - wherein the tension depends on the degree of deformation of the O-ring 16.
  • the bias of the O-ring 16 still has the task of allowing the adjustment of the guide piece 11, a rotation of the guide tube 12 relative to the attachment piece 13 by its elastic deformation.
  • two grub screws 17 in the housing 18 of the device 1 are mounted. Via two insulating pieces 19, the grub screws 17 transmit the adjusting movement to the guide piece 11 and thus also hold the guide piece 11 in the correct position.
  • the displacement S is not greater than 0.2 mm, usually even less than 0.08 mm. Therefore, the use of relatively small grub screws 17 is provided with fine thread, so low slope.
  • size M3 set screws with a pitch of 0.5 mm are used.
  • the wire feeder 4 is connected to the wire 5 as the first electrode.
  • the housing 18 of the device 1 is electrically connected to the second electrode 7.
  • the insulation of the wire feeder 4 relative to the housing 18 is carried out by the wire feeder 4 is fixed in the insulating block 20, wherein the insulating block 20 is made of a non-conductive plastic.
  • the insulating pieces 19 are therefore necessary so that via the grub screws 17 no electrical contact between the housing 18 and wire feed 4 is made.
  • the insulating pieces 19 may also be designed as piezoelectric actuators. Then either a static voltage and thus a static adjustment can be applied to create a low clearance compensation. Or an AC voltage can be applied which causes a dynamic adjustment of the position of the wire 5.
  • the dynamic adjustment takes place with a frequency not less than 50 Hz. Particularly advantageous is an adjustment frequency of 1 kHz or greater. In any event, these frequencies are significantly higher than the speed of the device 1 as it rotates about the fixed wire 5 to produce the coating in a bore.
  • the speed of the device 1 is usually a function of the bore diameter to be coated in a range of 100 - 700 U / min, ie at a frequency of 1 - 12 Hz.
  • adjustment frequency is significantly higher and the fixed wire 5 to which the Device turns 1, is applied from all sides with the necessary adjustment of the plasma jet.
  • the dynamic adjustment can also be combined with a static adjustment. Furthermore, during the starting process of the method, the dynamic / and or static adjustment may be different than during the actual coating process. This can be a variety of tolerances at the beginning and / or during the coating compensate.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum thermischen Beschichten einer Oberfläche nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein damit durchführtes Verfahren und ein mit dem Verfahren hergestelltes Bauteil.The invention relates to a device for thermal coating of a surface according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method carried out thereby and a component produced by the method.

Erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtungen zum thermischen Beschichten einer Oberfläche sind beschrieben in der US 6372298 B1 , der US 6706993 B1 und der WO 2010/112567 A1 . Alle Vorrichtung weisen auf: Eine Drahtzuführeinrichtung zur Zuführung eines Drahtes, wobei der Draht als erste Elektrode wirkt; eine Quelle für Plasmagas zur Erzeugung eines Plasmagasstroms; einen Düsenkörper mit einer Düsenöffnung, durch die der Plasmagasstrom als Plasmagasstrahl auf ein Drahtende geleitet wird; und einer zweiten Elektrode, die im Plasmagasstrom angeordnet ist bevor dieser in die Düsenöffnung eintritt.Devices according to the invention for thermally coating a surface are described in US Pat US 6372298 B1 , of the US 6706993 B1 and the WO 2010/112567 A1 , All apparatus include: a wire feeder for feeding a wire, the wire acting as a first electrode; a source of plasma gas for generating a plasma gas stream; a nozzle body having a nozzle opening through which the plasma gas stream is passed as a plasma jet to a wire end; and a second electrode disposed in the plasma gas stream before entering the nozzle orifice.

Zwischen den beiden Elektroden bildet sich durch die Düsenöffnung hindurch ein Lichtbogen aus. Durch diesen Lichtbogen wird auch das durch die Düsenöffnung strömende Plasmagas gebildet. Der aus der Düsenöffnung austretende Plasmagasstrahl trifft auf das Drahtende und bewirkt dort mit dem Lichtbogen ein Abschmelzen des Drahtes und den Abtransport des geschmolzenen Drahtmaterials in Richtung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche. Ringförmig um die Düsenöffnung herum sind Sekundärluftdüsen angebracht, durch die ein verwirbelter Sekundärgasstrahl erzeugt wird, der das vom Drahtende abgeschmolzene Material hinter dem Drahtende trifft und so eine Beschleunigung des Transports in Richtung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche und eine Sekundärzerstäubung des geschmolzenen Drahtmaterials bewirkt.Between the two electrodes forms an arc through the nozzle opening. This arc also forms the plasma gas flowing through the nozzle opening. The plasma jet emerging from the nozzle opening impinges on the end of the wire and there causes a melting of the wire with the arc and the removal of the molten wire material in the direction of the surface to be coated. Secondary air nozzles are mounted annularly around the nozzle opening, creating a fluidized secondary gas jet which strikes the wire-end-melted material behind the wire end to accelerate transport toward the surface to be coated and secondary atomization of the molten wire material.

Die Beschichtung soll ohne größere Einschlüsse von nicht oder nur teilweise aufgeschmolzenen Spritzpartikeln hergestellt werden. Solche Einschlüsse oder sogenannte Spratzer entstehen in der Regel durch nicht vollständig geschmolzenes Drahtmaterial. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass, soll der Draht möglichst vollständig und gleichmäßig aufgeschmolzen werden, eine genaue Positionierung des Drahtes relativ zur Düsenöffnung notwendig ist. Ebenso kann schon eine recht kurze Betriebszeit der Vorrichtung im Beschichtungsbetrieb eine neue Justierung der Drahtposition notwendig machen.The coating should be produced without major inclusions of non or only partially melted spray particles. Such inclusions or so-called scratches are usually caused by not completely molten wire material. It has been found that if the wire is to be melted as completely and uniformly as possible, exact positioning of the wire relative to the nozzle opening is necessary. Likewise, a very short operating time of the device in the coating operation can make a new adjustment of the wire position necessary.

Das Dokument US 5,109,150 offenbart eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The document US 5,109,150 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine verbesserte Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit der eine sichere und gute Beschichtung der Oberfläche, insbesondere eine Beschichtung ohne Einschlüsse und Spritzer, auf einfache Weise hergestellt werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved device with which a safe and good coating of the surface, in particular a coating without inclusions and splashes, can be produced in a simple manner.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This problem is solved with the features of claim 1.

Indem die Drahtzuführeinrichtung verstellbar ist, wodurch das vor der Düsenöffnung befindliche Drahtende um einen bestimmten Verstellweg bewegt werden kann, kann auf einfache Weise eine Justierung des Drahtes bzw. des Drahtendes relativ zur Düsenöffnung vorgenommen werden. Unter der Verstellbarkeit bzw. Verstellung des Drahtes ist ein sehr geringer Verstellweg zu verstehen.By the wire feeder is adjustable, whereby the wire end located in front of the nozzle opening can be moved by a certain displacement, an adjustment of the wire or the wire end can be made relative to the nozzle opening in a simple manner. Under the adjustability or adjustment of the wire is a very small adjustment to understand.

Für die Justierung sind in der Regel Verstellwege von kleiner 0,2 mm notwendig, um die ausreichende genaue Positionierung zu erreichen. Vorteilhaft ist der Verstellweg nicht größer als 0,08 mm. Als Verstellweg ist dabei der Weg zu verstehen, den das Drahtende aus einer Grundposition vor der Düsenöffnung heraus bei einer Positionierung zu zwei maximalen Auslenkungen rechts und links der Grundposition zurücklegt. Die Drahtzuführeinrichtung kann natürlich, bauartbedingt, auch das Drahtende um größere Verstellwege verfahren. Dies ist jedoch nicht für die genaue Position des Drahtendes notwendig, sondern allenfalls um während des Justiervorganges die optimale Position bestimmen zu können, indem eine größerer Verstellweg gefahren wird und dann die optimale Drahtposition iterativ ermittelt wird.For the adjustment, adjustment paths of less than 0.2 mm are usually necessary in order to achieve sufficient accurate positioning. Advantageously, the adjustment is not greater than 0.08 mm. As adjustment is the way to understand the traversing the wire end from a basic position in front of the nozzle opening at a position to two maximum deflections right and left of the basic position. The wire feeder can, of course, due to the design, also move the wire end to larger adjustment paths. However, this is not necessary for the exact position of the wire end, but at best to be able to determine the optimal position during the adjustment process by a larger adjustment is driven and then the optimal wire position is determined iteratively.

Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Verstellrichtung des Verstellweges zumindest teilweise quer zur Drahtlängsachse und/oder zumindest teilweise quer zum Plasmagasstrahl. Die Drahtzuführrichtung kann dabei so ausgeführt sein, dass eine Verstellbewegung in beliebiger Richtung erfolgt. Zumindest eine Komponente der Verstellbewegung ist dabei quer zur Drahtlängsachse. Eine weitere Komponente der Verstellbewegung ist quer zum Plasmagasstrahl. Auf diese Weise resultiert die Verstellung des Drahtendes auf jeden Fall in einer seitlichen Verschiebung relativ zum Plasmagasstrahl. Dabei zeigt die Düsenlängsachse der Düsenöffnung etwa in die gleiche Richtung wie der Plasmagasstrahl.According to the invention, an adjustment direction of the adjustment path is at least partially transverse to the wire longitudinal axis and / or at least partially transverse to the plasma jet. The wire feed direction can be designed so that an adjustment takes place in any direction. At least one component of the adjustment is transverse to the wire axis. Another component of the adjustment is transverse to the plasma jet. In this way, the adjustment of the wire end results in any case in a lateral displacement relative to the plasma jet. In this case, the nozzle longitudinal axis of the nozzle opening approximately in the same direction as the plasma jet.

Vorteilhaft ist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung mittels statischer Einstellmittel verstellbar. Statisch bedeutet hier, dass während einem oder mehrer Beschichtungsvorgänge die Einstellung nicht geändert wird. In der Regel erfolgt die Einstellung bei abgeschalteter Vorrichtung. Mittels solcher Einstellmittel kann der Draht auf einfache Weise vor der Düsenöffnung bzw. im Plasmagasstrahl positioniert werden. Besonders geeignet sind Einstellschrauben, mittels derer die genaue Position des Drahtes recht genau eingestellt werden kann.Advantageously, the wire feeder is adjustable by means of static adjustment. Static here means that the setting is not changed during one or more coating operations. As a rule, the setting is made when the device is switched off. By means of such adjusting means, the wire can be positioned in a simple manner in front of the nozzle opening or in the plasma jet. Particularly suitable are adjusting screws, by means of which the exact position of the wire can be adjusted quite accurately.

In einer weiteren Ausführung ist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung mittels dynamischer Einstellmittel verstellbar. Dies erlaubt auch eine Verstellung im Betrieb der Vorrichtung, also auch während eines Beschichtungsvorganges. Dabei kann die Verstellung quasi-statisch sein, also es findet eine kontinuierliche, aber geringfügige Verstellung statt damit der Draht immer in der richtigen Position ist.In a further embodiment, the wire feed device is adjustable by means of dynamic adjustment means. This also allows an adjustment during operation of the device, including during a coating process. The adjustment can be quasi-static, so there is a continuous, but slight adjustment instead of the wire is always in the correct position.

Es kann aber auch eine dynamische Verstellung erfolgen, indem die Verstellung mit einer bestimmten Frequenz erfolgt. Handelt es sich um eine drehbare Vorrichtung, wie sie z. B. für die Beschichtung von Innenbohrungen verwendet wird, kann die Frequenz auf die Drehzahl der Vorrichtung abgestimmt sein, um einen geringfügige Krümmung des sich relativ zur Vorrichtung drehenden Drahtes auszugleichen. Die Frequenz kann aber auch höher als die Drehzahl sein.But it can also be done a dynamic adjustment by the adjustment takes place with a certain frequency. Is it a rotatable device, as z. B. is used for the coating of inner holes, the frequency may be adjusted to the speed of the device to compensate for a slight curvature of the rotating relative to the device wire. The frequency can also be higher than the speed.

Oder die Frequenz ist so, dass ein leichtes Schwingen des Drahtendes im höherfrequenten Bereich, z. B. zwischen 1 kHz und 10 kHz, um ein sicheres Abschmelzen des Drahtendes zu bewerkstelligen, indem das Drahtende gleichmäßig innerhalb bestimmter Positioniergrenzen ausgelenkt wird. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass sich alle Bereiche des Drahtendes zumindest zeitweise in optimaler Position zum Plasmagasstrahl befinden. Aufgrund der hochfrequenten Schwingung verlassen einzelne Bereiche des Drahtendes diese Optimalposition nur so kurzfristig, dass sich keine gefährlichen Spritzer oder Einschlüsse beim Abschmelzen bilden können. Bevor sich diese bilden, ist das Drahtende schon wieder zurückgeschwungen und ein vorher außen liegender Bereich befindet sich wieder in Optimalposition. Damit wird das Abschmelzverhalten des Drahtendes wesentlich verbessert.Or the frequency is such that a slight swinging of the wire end in the higher frequency range, eg. B. between 1 kHz and 10 kHz, to ensure a safe melting of the wire end by the wire end is deflected evenly within certain positioning limits. This ensures that all areas of the wire end are at least temporarily in the optimum position to the plasma jet. Due to the high-frequency vibration, individual areas of the wire end only leave this optimum position so short that no dangerous splashes or inclusions can form during melting. Before these form, the wire end is already swung back and a previously lying outside area is again in optimal position. This significantly improves the melting behavior of the wire end.

Besonders geeignet als dynamische Einstellmittel sind Piezokristalle, die mit wenig Leistung zuverlässig und schnell, d.h. hochfrequent, geschaltet werden können. Um die erforderlichen Verstellwege zu erzielen sind ggf. sogenannte Piezostacks, also mehrere, gestapelte Piezokristalle zu verwenden.Piezo crystals which are reliable and fast with little power, i. E. high frequency, can be switched. In order to achieve the required adjustment paths are possibly so-called piezo stacks, so to use several stacked piezocrystals.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung ein verstellbares Führungsstück auf, auf das die Einstellmittel wirken. Eine Verstellung des Führungsstückes erlaubt die genaue Ausrichtung des Drahtes. Dieses Führungsstück ist sinnvollerweise kurz vor dem Austritt des Drahtes aus der Drahtzuführrichtung angeordnet.According to the invention, the wire feed device has an adjustable guide piece on which the adjusting means act. An adjustment of the guide piece allows the exact alignment of the wire. This guide piece is usefully arranged just before the exit of the wire from the Drahtzuführrichtung.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung ein verstellbares Führungsrohr auf. Bevorzugt weist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung einen feststehenden Befestigungsstück auf, wobei das Führungsrohr Befestigungsstück und Führungsstück verbindet. Mittels des Befestigungsstückes kann die Drahtzuführeinrichtung in der Vorrichtung befestigt werden, und mittels des Führungsrohres wird der Draht zum Führungsstück geführt. Dies gewährt eine relativ lange Führung des Drahtes bevor dieser aus dem Führungsstück austritt. Bevorzugt weisen Führungsrohr, Befestigungsstück und Führungsstück eine durchlaufende Bohrung auf, durch die der Draht geführt ist. Die Führung des Drahtes in der Drahtzuführeinrichtung kann aber auch durch andere geeignete Mittel erfolgen.According to the invention, the wire feed device has an adjustable guide tube. The wire feed device preferably has a stationary attachment piece, wherein the guide tube connects the attachment piece and the guide piece. By means of the attachment piece, the wire feeding device can be fixed in the device, and by means of the guide tube, the wire is guided to the guide piece. This provides a relatively long guide of the wire before it exits the leader. Preferably, guide tube, attachment piece and guide piece on a continuous bore, through which the wire is guided. The leadership of the Wire in the wire feeder can also be done by other suitable means.

In einer weiteren Ausführung sind das Befestigungsstück und Führungsrohr einstückig ausgeführt und das Führungsrohr wird beim Verstellen elastisch verformt. Aufgrund der kleinen Verstellwege kann die elastische Verformung des Führungsrohres ausreichend sein, um den Draht zu positionieren. Das Führungsstück kann hier fest mit dem Führungsrohr verbunden sein. Oder das Führungsstück ist ein separates Teil, das Führungsrohr übernimmt dann nur die Zuführung des Drahtes zum Führungsstück. Zueinander zentriert werden können das separate Führungsrohr und Führungsstück über den Draht selber.In a further embodiment, the attachment piece and guide tube are made in one piece and the guide tube is elastically deformed during adjustment. Due to the small adjustment paths, the elastic deformation of the guide tube may be sufficient to position the wire. The guide piece can be firmly connected to the guide tube here. Or the guide piece is a separate part, the guide tube then takes over only the supply of the wire to the guide piece. The separate guide tube and guide piece can be centered over the wire itself.

Vorteilhaft sind Befestigungsstück und Führungsrohr zweiteilig ausgeführt und zwischen Befestigungsstück und Führungsrohr ist ein elastisches Element angeordnet, insbesondere ein O-Ring. Während das Befestigungsstück fest in der Vorrichtung verankert ist, kann sich das Führungsrohr über das elastische Element abstützen. Gleichzeitig erlaubt die elastische Abstützung eine geringe Auslenkung des Führungsrohres, um den Verstellweg des Drahtendes zu bewerkstelligen. Das Führungsstück kann fest mit dem Führungsrohr verbunden sein oder als separates Teil ausgeführt sein. Auch hier übernimmt der Draht die Zentrierung der Einzelteile zueinander, zumindest von Befestigungsstück und Führungsrohr, und falls das Führungsstück auch separat ist, von Führungsstück und Führungsrohr.Advantageously fastening piece and guide tube are made in two parts and between the attachment piece and guide tube, an elastic element is arranged, in particular an O-ring. While the attachment piece is firmly anchored in the device, the guide tube can be supported by the elastic element. At the same time allows the elastic support a small deflection of the guide tube to accomplish the adjustment of the wire end. The guide piece may be firmly connected to the guide tube or be designed as a separate part. Again, the wire takes over the centering of the individual parts to each other, at least of attachment piece and guide tube, and if the guide piece is also separate, of guide piece and guide tube.

Vorteilhaft weist das Führungsstück seitliche Führungsflächen zur Führung in der Vorrichtung quer zur Verstellrichtung auf. Da die Verstellrichtung im Wesentlichen quer zum Plasmagasstrahl ist, reicht die Positionierung in Richtung des Plasmagasstrahls mittels der Führungsflächen.Advantageously, the guide piece has lateral guide surfaces for guiding in the device transversely to the adjustment direction. Since the adjustment direction is essentially transverse to the plasma jet, the positioning in the direction of the plasma jet is sufficient by means of the guide surfaces.

Wird mit der Vorrichtung ein Verfahren zum Beschichten durchgeführt, kann während des Startvorganges des Verfahrens die dynamische/und oder statische Verstellung anders sein als während des eigentlichen Beschichtensvorganges. Insbesondere durch die dynamische Verstellung kann die Drahtposition bzw. die dynamische Stellbewegung gut an die Erfordernisse einer optimalen Drahtschmelze angepasst werden. Dazu gehört z. B., dass beim Start des Verfahrens eine Position des Drahtes anders ist als beim Beschichten, und dass beim Start des Verfahrens eine dynamische Verstellbewegung anders ist als beim Beschichten, und zwar sowohl bezüglich des Verstellweges als auch der Frequenz der Verstellbewegung.If a method for coating is carried out with the device, the dynamic / and or static adjustment during the starting process of the method may be different than during the actual coating process. In particular, by the dynamic adjustment, the wire position or the Dynamic adjusting movement can be well adapted to the requirements of an optimal wire melt. This includes z. B. that at the start of the process, a position of the wire is different than during coating, and that when starting the process, a dynamic adjustment is different than during coating, both with respect to the adjustment and the frequency of the adjustment.

Besonders geeignet ist die Vorrichtung, Beschichtungen auf eine Zylinderlaufbahn eines Verbrennungsmotors aufzubringen. Die kleine, verstellbare Drahtzuführeinrichtung läßt sich gut in einer abmessungsmäßig begrenzten Vorrichtung unterbringen. Begrenzt deshalb, weil eine Vorrichtung, die in eine Zylinderbohrung einfahren können soll, nur eine bestimmte Abmessungen aufweisen kann, üblicherweise nicht mehr als 4 bis 5 cm im Durchmesser.Particularly suitable is the device to apply coatings on a cylinder bore of an internal combustion engine. The small, adjustable wire feeder can be easily accommodated in a dimensionally limited device. Limited because a device that is to be able to enter a cylinder bore can only have a certain dimensions, usually not more than 4 to 5 cm in diameter.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Zeichnungen und der dazugehörigen Beschreibung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt längs des Drahtes und quer zur Düsenöffnung durch eine erfinderische Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
einen Längsschnitt längs der Drahtes und längs der Düsenöffnung durch die erfinderische Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
nur die Drahtzuführeinrichtung aus Fig. 1; und
Fig. 4
nur die Drahtzuführeinrichtung aus Fig. 2.
Further details of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and the associated description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section along the wire and transverse to the nozzle opening by an inventive device;
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section along the wire and along the nozzle opening through the inventive device Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3
only the wire feeder off Fig. 1 ; and
Fig. 4
only the wire feeder off Fig. 2 ,

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen Schnitte durch eine erfinderische Vorrichtung 1. Die Vorrichtung 1 weist einen Düsenkörper 2 mit einer Düsenöffnung 3 und eine Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 zur Zuführung eines Drahtes 5 auf. Dabei zeigt Fig. 1 den Längsschnitt längs des Drahtes 5 und quer zur Düsenöffnung 3 und Figur 2 den Längsschnitt längs des Drahtes 5 und längs der Düsenöffnung 3. Der Draht 5 ist über einen nicht dargestellten elektrischen Kontakt, der oberhalb der Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 angeordnet ist, mit einer Stromquelle verbunden und wirkt so als erste Elektrode.The FIGS. 1 and 2 show sections through an inventive device 1. The device 1 has a nozzle body 2 with a nozzle opening 3 and a wire feed device 4 for supplying a wire 5. It shows Fig. 1 the longitudinal section along the wire 5 and transversely to the nozzle opening 3 and FIG. 2 the longitudinal section along the wire 5 and along the nozzle opening 3. The wire 5 is connected via an electrical contact, not shown, above the Wire feeder 4 is arranged, connected to a power source and thus acts as a first electrode.

Hinter dem Düsenkörper 2 befindet sich eine als Hohlraum ausgeführte Plasmagaszuführung 6, die mit einer nicht dargestellten Quelle für Plasmagas verbunden ist. In der Plasmagaszuführung 6 ist eine zweite Elektrode 7 angeordnet, die ebenfalls mit der Stromquelle verbunden ist. Bei laufender Vorrichtung strömt aus der Plasmagaszuführung 6 Gas durch die Düsenöffnung 3 auf das Drahtende 8 des Drahtes 5. Wenn die Stromquelle eine entsprechende Spannung und Strom liefert, bildet sich zwischen dem Drahtende 8 und der zweiten Elektrode 7 ein Lichtbogen durch die Düsenöffnung 5 hindurch aus, wodurch das durch die Düsenöffnung 5 strömende Gas ionisiert und so zum Plasmagas wird.Behind the nozzle body 2 is a plasma gas feed 6 designed as a cavity, which is connected to a source of plasma gas (not shown). In the plasma gas supply 6, a second electrode 7 is arranged, which is also connected to the power source. When the device is running, gas flows from the plasma gas supply 6 through the nozzle opening 3 onto the wire end 8 of the wire 5. When the current source supplies a corresponding voltage and current, an arc forms between the wire end 8 and the second electrode 7 through the nozzle opening 5 , whereby the gas flowing through the nozzle opening 5 ionizes and thus becomes the plasma gas.

Der aus der Düsenöffnung 3 austretende Plasmagasstrahl trifft auf des Drahtende 8 und bewirkt dort mit dem Lichtbogen ein Abschmelzen des Drahtes 5 und den Abtransport des geschmolzenen Drahtmaterials in Richtung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche. Im Betrieb muß deshalb der Draht 5 ständig in Richtung des Vorschubs V gefördert werden, um das Abschmelzen des Drahtendes 8 auszugleichen.The plasma jet emerging from the nozzle opening 3 impinges on the wire end 8 and causes there with the arc a melting of the wire 5 and the removal of the molten wire material in the direction of the surface to be coated. In operation, therefore, the wire 5 must be constantly promoted in the direction of feed V to compensate for the melting of the wire end 8.

Ringförmig um die Düsenöffnung 3 herum sind Sekundärluftdüsen 9 angebracht, durch die ein verwirbelter Sekundärgasstrahl erzeugt wird, der das abgeschmolzene Material am Drahtende 8 nach dem Schmelzbereich zerstäubt und so eine Beschleunigung des Transports in Richtung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche und eine feinere Verteilung des geschmolzenen Drahtmaterials bewirkt.Secondary air nozzles 9 are mounted in annular fashion around the nozzle opening 3 and produce a fluidized secondary gas jet which atomises the molten material at the wire end 8 towards the melt area, thus accelerating transport towards the surface to be coated and finer distribution of the molten wire material ,

Überraschend wurde festgestellt, dass schon ein geringer Ausrichtungsfehler des Drahtendes quer zur Düsenöffnung, dargestellt durch die Richtungspfeile der beiden Verstellrichtungen F, zu einem vermehrten Auftreten von Fehlstellen, insbesondere dem Einschluss von nicht oder nur teilweise aufgeschmolzenen Spritzpartikeln und Lunkern in der Mikrostruktur der Beschichtung führt. Die Justierung des Drahtes 5 erfolgt deshalb im Wesentlichen quer zum aus der Düsenöffnung 3 austretenden Plasmagasstrahl, wobei der Plasmagasstrahl überwiegend die gleiche Richtung aufweist wie die Düsenlängsachse 10 der Düsenöffnung 3. Dabei kann der Draht 5 entsprechend den Verstellrichtungen F nach links oder nach rechts, bezogen auf die Düsenlängsachse 10 und die Drahtlängsachse, verschoben werden.Surprisingly, it was found that even a slight alignment error of the wire end transversely to the nozzle opening, represented by the directional arrows of the two adjustment directions F, leads to an increased occurrence of defects, in particular the inclusion of non or only partially melted spray particles and voids in the microstructure of the coating. The adjustment of the wire 5 therefore takes place substantially transversely to the plasma jet emerging from the nozzle opening 3, wherein the plasma jet In this case, the wire 5 according to the adjustment directions F to the left or to the right, relative to the nozzle longitudinal axis 10 and the wire longitudinal axis, are moved.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist nur die Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem verstellbaren Führungsstück 11, einem verstellbaren Führungsrohr 12 und einem in der Vorrichtung 1 befestigten Befestigungsstück 13, wobei das Führungsrohr 12 Befestigungsstück 13 und Führungsstück 11 verbindet. Die Zentrierung der drei Teile zueinander erfolgt durch den - nicht dargestellten - Draht selber, indem die Bohrungen 11a, 12a und 13a, durch die der Draht im Führungsstück 11, Führungsrohr 12 und Befestigungsstück 13 geführt wird, eine gewisse Toleranz nicht überschreiten und so die Führung des Drahtes 5 übernehmen. Diese Führung des Drahtes 5 wiederum zentriert die drei Teile gegeneinander.In the FIGS. 3 and 4 only the wire feeder 4 is shown. It consists of an adjustable guide piece 11, an adjustable guide tube 12 and a fastened in the device 1 attachment piece 13, wherein the guide tube 12 attachment piece 13 and guide piece 11 connects. The centering of the three parts to each other by the - not shown - wire itself by the holes 11a, 12a and 13a, through which the wire in the guide piece 11, guide tube 12 and mounting piece 13 is guided, do not exceed a certain tolerance and so the leadership take over the wire 5. This guide of the wire 5 in turn centers the three parts against each other.

Das Führungsstück 11 weist seitliche Führungsflächen 14 zur Führung in der Vorrichtung 1 quer zu den Verstellrichtungen F auf. An der Unterseite weist das Führungsstück 11 untere Abstützflächen 15 auf, die eine Führung des Führungsstückes 11 in Richtung der Drahtlängsachse bewirken. Damit kann das Führungsstück so in der Vorrichtung 1 geführt werden, dass lediglich eine Verschiebung in die Verstellrichtungen F möglich ist. Der Verstellweg S ist durch die gestrichelte Darstellung des Führungsstückes 1 nach links und rechts gezeigt. Zumindest an seinem unteren Ende bewegt sich das Führungsrohr 12 entsprechend mit, während es im oberen Bereich, am Übergang zum Befestigungsstück 13, eher unverschieblich ist.The guide piece 11 has lateral guide surfaces 14 for guiding in the device 1 transversely to the adjustment directions F. On the underside, the guide piece 11 on lower support surfaces 15, which cause a guide of the guide piece 11 in the direction of the wire longitudinal axis. Thus, the guide piece can be performed in the device 1, that only a shift in the adjustment directions F is possible. The adjustment S is shown by the dashed line of the guide piece 1 to the left and right. At least at its lower end, the guide tube 12 moves accordingly, while it is rather immovable in the upper region, at the transition to the attachment piece 13.

Zwischen Befestigungsstück 13 und Führungsrohr 12 ist ein O-Ring 16 angeordnet. Über ein Außengewinde ist das Befestigungsstück 13 fest in der Vorrichtung 1 verschraubt und drückt den O-Ring 16 gegen das Führungsrohr 12, welches wiederum das Führungsstück 11 über die Abstützflächen 15 gegen die Vorrichtung 1 drückt. Damit sind Führungsstück 11, Führungsrohr 12 und Befestigungsstück 13 gegeneinander verspannt und eindeutig in der Vorrichtung positioniert - bis auf den Freiheitsgrad der Verstellrichtungen F - wobei die Verspannung vom Grad der Verformung des O-Rings 16 abhängt. Neben dem Aufbringen der Vorspannung hat der O-Ring 16 noch die Aufgabe, bei der Justierung des Führungsstücks 11 eine Drehung des Führungsrohres 12 gegenüber dem Befestigungsstück 13 durch seine elastische Verformung zuzulassen.Between attachment piece 13 and guide tube 12, an O-ring 16 is arranged. Via an external thread, the attachment piece 13 is firmly screwed in the device 1 and presses the O-ring 16 against the guide tube 12, which in turn presses the guide piece 11 via the support surfaces 15 against the device 1. Thus, guide piece 11, guide tube 12 and attachment piece 13th braced against each other and clearly positioned in the device - except for the degree of freedom of the adjustment directions F - wherein the tension depends on the degree of deformation of the O-ring 16. In addition to the application of the bias of the O-ring 16 still has the task of allowing the adjustment of the guide piece 11, a rotation of the guide tube 12 relative to the attachment piece 13 by its elastic deformation.

Wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, sind, um das Führungsstück 11 und damit den Draht 5 justieren zu können, links und rechts des Führungsstückes 11 zwei Madenschrauben 17 im Gehäuse 18 der Vorrichtung 1 angebracht. Über zwei Isolierstücke 19 übertragen die Madenschrauben 17 die Justierbewegung auf das Führungsstück 11 und halten damit auch das Führungsstück 11 in der richtigen Position. Üblicherweise ist der Verstellweg S nicht größer als 0,2 mm, meistens sogar kleiner als 0,08 mm. Von daher ist die Verwendung relativ kleiner Madenschrauben 17 mit Feingewinde, also geringer Steigung vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise werden Madenschrauben der Größe M3 mit einer Steigung von 0,5 mm verwendet.As in FIG. 1 are shown in order to adjust the guide piece 11 and thus the wire 5, left and right of the guide piece 11, two grub screws 17 in the housing 18 of the device 1 are mounted. Via two insulating pieces 19, the grub screws 17 transmit the adjusting movement to the guide piece 11 and thus also hold the guide piece 11 in the correct position. Usually, the displacement S is not greater than 0.2 mm, usually even less than 0.08 mm. Therefore, the use of relatively small grub screws 17 is provided with fine thread, so low slope. Preferably, size M3 set screws with a pitch of 0.5 mm are used.

Elektrisch ist die Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 mit dem Draht 5 als erste Elektrode verbunden. Das Gehäuse 18 der Vorrichtung 1 ist mit der zweiten Elektrode 7 elektrisch verbunden. Die Isolierung der Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 18 erfolgt, indem die Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 im Isolierblock 20 befestigt ist, wobei der Isolierblock 20 aus einem nichtleitenden Kunststoff hergestellt ist. Die Isolierstücke 19 sind von daher notwendig, damit über die Madenschrauben 17 kein elektrischer Kontakt zwischen Gehäuse 18 und Drahtzuführeinrichtung 4 hergestellt wird.Electrically, the wire feeder 4 is connected to the wire 5 as the first electrode. The housing 18 of the device 1 is electrically connected to the second electrode 7. The insulation of the wire feeder 4 relative to the housing 18 is carried out by the wire feeder 4 is fixed in the insulating block 20, wherein the insulating block 20 is made of a non-conductive plastic. The insulating pieces 19 are therefore necessary so that via the grub screws 17 no electrical contact between the housing 18 and wire feed 4 is made.

Die Isolierstücke 19 können auch als piezo-elektrische Aktuatoren ausgebildet sein. Dann kann entweder eine statische Spannung und damit eine statische Verstellung aufgebracht werden, um einen geringen Spielausgleich zu schaffen. Oder es kann eine Wechselspannung aufgebracht werden, die eine dynamische Verstellung der Position des Drahtes 5 bewirkt. Bevorzugt erfolgt die dynamische Verstellung mit einer Frequenz, die nicht kleiner ist als 50 Hz. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Verstellfrequenz von 1 kHz oder größer. Diese Frequenzen sind auf jeden Fall deutlich höher als die Drehzahl der Vorrichtung 1, wenn diese sich um den feststehenden Draht 5 dreht, um in einer Bohrung die Beschichtung zu erzeugen. Die Drehzahl der Vorrichtung 1 liegt üblicherweise in Abhängigkeit des zu beschichtenden Bohrungsdurchmesser in einem Bereich von 100 - 700 U/min, also etwa bei einer Frequenz von 1 - 12 Hz. Damit ist Verstellfrequenz deutlich höher und der feststehende Draht 5, um den sich die Vorrichtung dreht 1, wird von allen Seiten mit dem nötigen Verstellweg vom Plasmagasstrahl beaufschlagt.The insulating pieces 19 may also be designed as piezoelectric actuators. Then either a static voltage and thus a static adjustment can be applied to create a low clearance compensation. Or an AC voltage can be applied which causes a dynamic adjustment of the position of the wire 5. Preferably, the dynamic adjustment takes place with a frequency not less than 50 Hz. Particularly advantageous is an adjustment frequency of 1 kHz or greater. In any event, these frequencies are significantly higher than the speed of the device 1 as it rotates about the fixed wire 5 to produce the coating in a bore. The speed of the device 1 is usually a function of the bore diameter to be coated in a range of 100 - 700 U / min, ie at a frequency of 1 - 12 Hz. Thus, adjustment frequency is significantly higher and the fixed wire 5 to which the Device turns 1, is applied from all sides with the necessary adjustment of the plasma jet.

Die dynamische Verstellung kann auch zusammen mit einer statischen Verstellung kombiniert werden. Weiterhin kann während des Startvorganges des Verfahrens die dynamische/und oder statische Verstellung anders sein als während des eigentlichen Beschichtensvorganges. Damit lassen sich eine Vielzahl von Toleranzen beim Beginn und/oder während des Beschichtens ausgleichen.The dynamic adjustment can also be combined with a static adjustment. Furthermore, during the starting process of the method, the dynamic / and or static adjustment may be different than during the actual coating process. This can be a variety of tolerances at the beginning and / or during the coating compensate.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Düsenkörpernozzle body
33
Düsenöffnungnozzle opening
44
Drahtzuführeinrichtungwire feeding
55
Drahtwire
66
PlasmagaszuführungPlasma gas supply
77
zweite Elektrodesecond electrode
88th
Drahtendewire end
99
SekundärluftdüsenSecondary air nozzles
1010
Düsenlängsachsenozzle axis
1111
Führungsstückguide piece
11a11a
Bohrungdrilling
1212
Führungsrohrguide tube
12a12a
Bohrungdrilling
1313
Befestigungsstückfastening piece
13a13a
Bohrungdrilling
1414
Führungsflächenguide surfaces
1515
Abstützflächensupport surfaces
1616
O-RingO-ring
1717
Madenschraubegrub screw
1818
Gehäusecasing
1919
Isolierstückinsulating
2020
Isolierblockinsulating
FF
Verstellrichtungadjustment
SS
Verstellwegadjustment
VV
Drahtvorschubwire feed

Claims (13)

  1. Device for the thermal coating of a surface, having:
    a wire supply unit (4) for the supply of a wire (5), wherein the wire (5) acts as a first electrode,
    a source for plasma gas for generating a plasma gas stream,
    a nozzle body (2) with a nozzle opening (3) through which the plasma gas stream is conducted as a plasma gas jet to one wire end (8), and
    a second electrode (7) which is arranged in the plasma gas stream before the latter enters into the nozzle opening (3), wherein the wire supply unit (4) is adjustable, characterized by adjustment means, whereby the wire end (8) situated in front of the nozzle opening (3) can be moved in an adjustment direction (F) by a certain adjustment travel at least partially perpendicular to the wire longitudinal axis and/or at least partially perpendicular to the plasma gas jet,
    wherein the wire supply unit (4) has a guide tube (12) which, at least at its lower end, moves conjointly with a guide piece (11) which is adjustable by the action of the adjustment means.
  2. Device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the wire supply unit (4) can be adjusted by static adjustment means, in particular by means of adjustment screws (7).
  3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the wire supply unit can be adjusted by dynamic adjustment means, in particular by means of actuators such as piezo actuators.
  4. Device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the wire supply unit (4) has a fixed fastening piece (13), characterized in that the guide tube (12) connects the fastening piece (13) and guide piece (11).
  5. Device according to Claim 4,
    characterized in that
    the fastening piece (13) and guide tube (12) are formed in one piece, and the guide tube (12) is elastically deformed during the adjustment.
  6. Device according to Claim 4,
    characterized in that
    the fastening piece (13) and guide tube (12) are formed in two pieces, and an elastic element (16), in particular an O-ring, is arranged between the fastening piece (13) and guide tube (12).
  7. The device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the guide piece (11) has lateral guide surfaces (14) for guidance in the device (1) transversely with respect to the adjustment direction (F).
  8. Method for the thermal coating of a surface by means of a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
  9. Method according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the adjustment travel (S) of the wire supply unit (4) is no greater than 0.2 mm, in particular no greater than 0.08 mm.
  10. Method according to Claim 8 or 10,
    characterized in that
    a dynamic adjustment is performed with a frequency of no lower than 50 Hz, in particular no lower than 1 kHz.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 8 to 10,
    characterized in that
    a dynamic and/or static adjustment during the starting process of the method is different than that during the coating process itself.
  12. Coating produced by means of a method according to one of Claims 8 to 11.
  13. Coating according to Claim 12, wherein the coating is the cylinder barrel coating of an internal combustion engine.
EP12701688.9A 2011-01-11 2012-01-06 Device for thermal coating of a surface Active EP2663406B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011002501A DE102011002501A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Device for thermally coating a surface
PCT/EP2012/050192 WO2012095371A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-01-06 Device for thermally coating a surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2663406A1 EP2663406A1 (en) 2013-11-20
EP2663406B1 true EP2663406B1 (en) 2016-04-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12701688.9A Active EP2663406B1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-01-06 Device for thermal coating of a surface

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9056326B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2663406B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103379965B (en)
DE (1) DE102011002501A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012095371A1 (en)

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DE102013200062A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Ford-Werke Gmbh Device for thermally coating a surface
DE102013200054A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Ford-Werke Gmbh Process for the thermal coating of a surface
DE102013226361B4 (en) 2013-01-04 2018-05-09 Ford-Werke Gmbh Device for thermally coating a surface
DE102013226690A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Ford-Werke Gmbh Device, useful for thermally coating surface of cylinder walls of internal combustion engine, comprises housing, cathode, anode, and insulating element, where housing has e.g. thick chromium coating as non-releasable non-stick surface
DE102013200067A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Ford-Werke Gmbh Device for thermally coating a surface
EP3207167A2 (en) 2014-10-17 2017-08-23 KS Kolbenschmidt GmbH Coating for components of internal combustion engines
CN104762585B (en) * 2015-03-25 2018-01-05 西安交通大学 A kind of building mortion and method using the coating of wire-directed molten metal
DE102016112098A1 (en) 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Ks Huayu Alutech Gmbh A device for thermally coating a surface and method for measuring the position or shape of a wire end in a device for thermally coating a surface
DE102017124303A1 (en) * 2017-10-18 2019-04-18 Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for mounting a wire guide on a burner head for a coating installation
DE102019131181A1 (en) 2018-11-20 2020-05-20 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Material composition for a coating for components of internal combustion engines

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GB2227027A (en) * 1989-01-14 1990-07-18 Ford Motor Co Plasma arc spraying of metal onto a surface
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2663406A1 (en) 2013-11-20
US20140014003A1 (en) 2014-01-16
CN103379965B (en) 2016-08-10
DE102011002501A1 (en) 2012-07-12
CN103379965A (en) 2013-10-30
US9056326B2 (en) 2015-06-16
WO2012095371A1 (en) 2012-07-19

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