Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
  • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/02—Crucible or pot furnaces with tilting or rocking arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/10—Crucibles
  • F27B14/12—Covers therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
  • F27B19/02—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group combined in one structure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
  • F27B19/04—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group arranged for associated working
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
  • F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
  • F23G2209/281—Tyres
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/508—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating
  • F23G2900/50801—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating using the heat from externally heated bodies, e.g. steel balls

Definitions

• Heating module comprising a plurality of heating modules and an installation comprising such a heating system
• the present invention relates to a heating module for heating solid material to a predetermined temperature.
• the solid material may be in the form of beads, granules, and more generally solid bodies of more or less identical size.
• a heating module can be integrated in a heating system comprising several modules of this type.
• Such a heating system may in particular be integrated in an installation for producing pyrolysis gas from organic material.
• the present invention also relates to such a heating system and such an installation for producing pyrolysis gas.
• the heating module of the present invention can be integrated into any heating system or installation requiring a module or a heating system.
• the present invention provides a heating module comprising:
• a heating trough comprising a crucible for receiving the material to be heated, and a burner for heating the crucible
• a cap removably mounted on the heating trough to close the crucible.
• the purpose is not to melt the material, but only to heat it to a certain temperature at which it always remains in the solid state.
• the crucible is topped with the hat that allows to create a closed space isolated from the outside.
• the hat is movable relative to the bucket, or vice versa.
• the crucible is provided with passage holes for conveying the heat of the burner into the crucible through the material to be heated.
• the crucible is sectional and pierced with a plurality of through holes.
• the heating trough further comprises a fan for generating a flow of air heated by the burner through the passage holes of the crucible and the material to be heated.
• the air flow pulsed by the blower can drive the heat or flame of the burner through the passage holes of the crucible so as to directly heat the material, not just the crucible.
• the cap comprises an exhaust duct for evacuating hot gases from the crucible.
• the cap not only serves as a lid for the crucible, but also a fume hood for recovering hot gases, which can optionally be used for another application.
• the heating trough is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis and the cap is movable in translation along a vertical axis.
• the invention also relates to a material heating system comprising several heating modules as defined above, in which the modules are arranged side by side, the heating buckets being pivotally mounted along a common horizontal axis, each heating bucket pivoting independently, the heating system further comprising a material loading rail disposed above the buckets and provided with a crucible loading carriage and a heated material discharge rail disposed beneath the buckets and provided with a crucible unloading carriage, the modules and the carriages being sequentially actuated to deliver heated material with a regular sequenced flow.
• each bucket receives a defined quantity of balls from the loading carriage and delivers after a certain heating time the same quantity of heated balls in the unloading carriage.
• the buckets are sequentially and sequentially actuated to receive and deliver defined amounts of beads spaced in time but with a regular sequence.
• the invention also relates to an installation for producing pyrolysis gas from organic material comprising:
• the heating system is positioned above the reactor, the delivery systems comprising elevators provided with buckets vertically movable back and forth. It can also be said that the pivot axis of the heating buckets is parallel to the axis of the furnace.
• the furnace is placed in a sealed enclosure provided with an organic matter inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, as well as an inlet of preheated balls and a cooled bead outlet, ball entry and / or exit being equipped with an airlock comprising: a fixed cage provided with two oppositely disposed openings, namely an upper loading opening and a lower unloading opening,
• the heating module of the present invention as well as the chambers of the sealed enclosure are particularly well adapted to the heating and transit of balls, for example of steel, in an installation for the production of pyrolysis gas from organic material. eg waste such as used tires, sludge, vinasse, etc.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a pyrolysis gas production installation embodying the present invention
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a part of the installation of FIG. 1 incorporating two locks according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an airlock according to the present invention
• FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 for the airlock in the assembled state
• Figures 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d are vertical cross-sectional views through the airlock of Figures 3 and 4 in different drum positions to illustrate its operation
• FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of another detail of the installation of FIG. 1 showing a heating trough
• FIG 7 is a greatly enlarged perspective view of a crucible used in the heating trough of Figure 6.
• the present invention has been implemented in a non-limiting manner in an installation for producing pyrolysis gas from organic materials, such as sludge, used tires, waste from the food industry such as vinasse, etc.
• the installation is shown very schematically in Figure 1 which will now be detailed.
• the heart of this installation is a pyrolysis furnace F which is arranged in a sealed enclosure E comprising an inlet lock chamber Si and an outlet lock chamber So.
• the pyrolysis furnace F operates on the principle that the organic material is heat-treated at a high temperature in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
• An installation of the prior art using such a pyrolysis furnace is described in WO 2005/018841.
• the pyrolysis furnace of this document comprises a worm to advance the organic waste to be treated from one end to the other of the furnace.
• preheated steel balls are used which are introduced into the pyrolysis furnace and follow the same path as the organic waste within the pyrolysis furnace.
• the operating principle of this pyrolysis furnace of the prior art is incorporated in the present invention.
• the pyrolysis furnace F also incorporates a worm to advance preheated beads and organic material through the pyrolysis furnace.
• a worm to advance preheated beads and organic material through the pyrolysis furnace.
• the pyrolysis furnace F which is truncated, rotates about a horizontal axis X and receives in the form of rain organic waste coming from a duct.
• axial feed D1 and preheated balls B from a chain conveyor path C.
• This conveying path C may be in the form of a chain closed on itself and driven in the manner of a track.
• the preheated balls B arrive on the conveying path C from the entry lock Si. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that the preheated balls B fall in the form of rain in the furnace F above the organic waste fed through the duct D1.
• the chain conveyor arranged above the organic material supply duct D1 is a characteristic which can be protected in itself, that is to say independently of the particular structure of the other components of the installation.
• the cooled beads pass on a dust collector K on which the balls B progress so as to lose the dust of pyrolyzed organic material which is present on their surface.
• the dust collector K may for example be in the form of an inclined grid formed of metal cables arranged in parallel. To soundproof, each cooled ball B rolls between two cables while losing the dust in passing.
• the sealed enclosure E is constituted by the furnace F, the entry lock S 1, the conveying path C, a part of the feed duct D 1, the dust collector K, the dust collecting tray U and the airlock
• the feed duct constitutes an organic matter inlet in the enclosure E.
• the duct I constitutes a pyrolysis gas outlet.
• the input valve Si is a ball entry and the output lock So is a ball outlet for the enclosure E.
• this sealed chamber E there is an oxygen-free atmosphere at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. In this way, the only risk of sudden degradation is an implosion of the furnace or the enclosure, and not an explosion, since the enclosure is in depression.
• the organic material which is supplied at the level of the conduit D1 comes from a reservoir T containing a large quantity of organic matter.
• This tank T can be directly connected to the supply duct D1.
• a dryer D may be interposed between the tank T and the duct D1, as shown in FIG.
• This dryer D is optional.
• the gases from this dryer D can be discharged into the atmosphere with prior treatment in an L washing tower.
• a heat exchanger P can be interposed between the dryer D and the washing tower L to recover the heat of the gases. before washing in the washing tower.
• This heat exchanger P is also optional.
• the heat required to dry the organic matter comes directly from the installation as will be seen below.
• the organic material from the tank T arrives in the pyrolysis furnace F through the dryer D (optional) and the feed duct D1 which is advantageously located on the axis X of the pyrolysis furnace F.
• the solid residues from the treated organic material are recovered in the tank U located below the dust collector K.
• the pyrolysis gases resulting from the thermal treatment of the organic material using the preheated balls are here conveyed through the pipe I to a boiler H which will burn the pyrolysis gas to create usable heat to feed for example a radiator circuit R.
• a heat exchanger it is possible to recover the residual heat of the pyrolysis gas at the level of pipe I through a heat exchanger before passing it to the boiler H.
• the cooled dust-free balls B exit the exit chamber So to fall on a connecting ramp Q for routing them to an elevator A2 provided with a bucket G2 which is movable vertically back and forth.
• the elevator A2 can be provided with several buckets G2.
• the purpose of the bucket G2 is to mount a predetermined quantity of balls B at a loading rail M3 on which a carriage M31 moves.
• the loading rail M3 is arranged horizontally, and advantageously parallel to the axis X of the furnace.
• the rail M3 with its carriage M31 is an integral part of a heating system M comprising a plurality of heating modules arranged side by side aligned along an axis V which is advantageously parallel to the axis X of the pyrolysis furnace.
• Each heating module comprises a heating trough M1 disposed under the rail M3 and a cap M2 disposed above the corresponding heating trough M1.
• FIG 1 we can see eight heating modules of this type. The fine structure of a heating module will be described in detail below.
• the balls are then heated inside the heating trough M1 to a predetermined temperature.
• the cap M2 is raised and the heating trough M1 tilts around the pivot axis V to dump its contents in an unloading trolley M41 which is movable on a horizontal rail M4 disposed below the row of heating buckets M1, as can be seen in Figure 1.
• This quantity of heated balls is then conveyed by the unloading trolley M41 which discharges them directly into the input Si to follow the path previously described with reference to FIG. 2.
• the trolley M41 pours the balls into an elevator A1 comprising a bucket G1 movable vertically back and forth, similarly to that of the bucket G2.
• the heated balls contained in the cup G1 are poured into the entry lock chamber Si.
• the cycle balls are then buckled.
• a source of gas G For feeding the heating buckets, a source of gas G.
• the buckets M1 are thus filled, heated and sequentially emptied to feed the pyrolysis furnace F regularly with a constant sequenced flow. For example, a first bucket is filled and warmed up. The second bucket is then filled and warmed up. When the first bucket has finished heating, the third bucket can be filled and warmed up. Then the first bucket can be emptied, while the second has finished heating and the fourth filled and half heated. And so on.
• the operation of the buckets requires synchronization or sequencing accurate and reliable.
• the pyrolysis gas production plant is particularly compact and has a very small footprint. This is due to the fact that the heating system M is arranged parallel above the enclosure E containing the pyrolysis furnace F. These two superimposed macro-components are bordered and part and other by the elevators A1 and A2.
• the boiler H, the radiator system R, the organic material tank T, the dryer D, the washing tower L and the exchanger P can be deported, since they are only connected by pipes, ducts and / or pipes.
• the heating of the balls is carried out outside the sealed enclosure E which is delimited by the airlock Si and the airlock So.
• the elevators A1, A2, the ramp Q and the heating system M are located outside the enclosure E.
• the superimposed arrangement of the enclosure E and the heating system M is a feature that can also be protected in itself, that is to say independently of the structure of the other components of the installation.
• the airlock Si may have strictly the same design as the airlock So.
• the input lock S 1 is arranged parallel to the axis X of the oven F
• the airlock S 2 is arranged perpendicularly to the axis X of the oven F.
• the two sas are identical. Therefore, it will be referred to indifferently to an airlock with reference to Figures 3 to 5d to illustrate the design and operation of these airlock.
• the airlock shown in exploded in Figure 3 comprises a fixed cage S1 for receiving a rotary drum S2.
• the rotary drum S2 is rotatable on itself within the fixed cage S1 about a longitudinal axis Y.
• the fixed cage S1 comprises an upper face S1 1 formed with a high loading opening S13, a lower face S18 formed with a low discharge opening S19, two side faces S14, one of which is provided with two exhaust ducts S15 and two end faces S16 each forming a mounting opening S17.
• the fixed cage S1 is hollow so as to define a hollow interior S10 which is generally of substantially cylindrical shape. This hollow interior S10 communicates with the outside through the two upper and lower openings S13, S19 and the two mounting openings S17.
• the fixed cage S1 can for example be made by machining a stainless steel block, or by molding.
• the rotary drum S2 has a generally cylindrical general configuration adapted to be inserted with limited play in the hollow interior S10 of the fixed cage S1.
• the rotary drum S2 comprises a cylindrical body S21 defining a hollow interior S20 which communicates with the outside through a window S22. Both ends of the body S21 are provided with two flanges S23 closing the ends of the cylindrical body. It may be noted that the external surface of the body S21 is formed with a network of grooves S24, S25 intended to receive dynamic seals S31 and S32. These seals may for example be made in graphitized ceramic braid.
• FIGS. 5a to 5d describe a complete operating cycle of the airlock shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the window S22 of the rotary drum S2 is arranged in alignment (or facing) with the high loading opening S13 of the fixed cage S1. Any communication between the upper opening S13 and the lower discharge opening S19 is prevented by the dynamic seals S31, S32 mounted on the rotary drum S2 and coming into sealing contact with the inside of the fixed cage S1. .
• material such as beads B, can be introduced into the rotating drum S2. This introduction can simply be done by gravity. Once the desired amount of balls have been loaded inside the chamber, the rotary drum S2 rotates one quarter of a turn clockwise to arrive at the configuration shown in FIG.
• the window S22 is then oriented downwards opposite the low discharge opening S19.
• the balls B can then out of the drum S2, simply by gravity. Again, it may be noted that the S31 seals and the S32 annular seals (not shown) prohibit any communication between the high loading opening S13 and the low unloading opening S19.
• the hollow interior S20 of the drum S2 is filled with a gas, which may be outside air, or pyrolysis gas. Turning the drum S2 a quarter of a turn clockwise again gives the configuration shown in Figure 5d.
• the window S22 is then oriented towards the lateral face S14 of the fixed cage S1 where the other evacuation duct S15 is formed.
• the inside of the drum can then be evacuated by means of a vacuum pump.
• the drum S2 can then continue its rotation to reach again in the configuration shown in Figure 5a, ready for a new bead loading. A complete operating cycle is then completed.
• the two exhaust ducts S15 are located on the same side face S14, while in the schematic drawings of Figures 5a to 5d, each side face S14 is provided with a discharge duct S15.
• This difference is very secondary and does not change the operation of the airlock.
• the rotary displacement of the drum S2 inside the cage S1 is then carried out back and forth between the configuration of Figure 5a and that of Figure 5c.
• the window S22 has an elongated configuration in the direction of the Y axis, just like the two openings S13 and S19.
• the very design of the airlock namely a rotating drum inside a fixed cage, allows it to withstand particularly stringent temperature and pressure conditions, which is the case in the sealed enclosure E. Indeed, the balls arrive in the airlock Si with a very high temperature and exit the exit chamber So with a lower temperature, but still relatively high. Thanks to the rotary design of the airlock, it is very insensitive to thermal expansion phenomena that are entirely concealed by the dynamic seals.
• the airlocks also support very well the depression prevailing inside the enclosure E. Indeed, because of the rotating design of the airlock, the depression does not generate a pressure force that acts directly on the operation of the airlock. In other words, the rotary drum S2 can rotate inside the fixed cage independently of the pressure inside the enclosure.
• the airlock that has just been described can serve as both airlock and airlock in any installation comprising a sealed enclosure whose input and output flows must be controlled accurately.
• the airlock is therefore not directly related to the pyrolysis gas production facility described above.
• the ball heating system M of the pyrolysis gas production plant also incorporates particularly interesting and advantageous features which will now be described with reference Figures 6 and 7.
• the heating system comprises a plurality of heating modules each having a heating trough M1 and a cap M2.
• the bucket M1 and the cap M2 are mutually movable relative to each other along a vertical axis of translation Z.
• the bucket M1 can be pivotally mounted by pivoting about a pivot axis V. By pivoting about this axis V, the contents of the bucket M1 can be dumped.
• the bucket M1 comprises a crucible M1 1 disposed in an insulating jacket M16 which supports a burner M13.
• This burner M13 which may be a gas burner, produces a flame M14 inside the jacket M16 under the crucible M1 1 in order to heat it.
• a predetermined quantity of beads B was previously poured into the crucible M 1 1 by the loading trolley M31. In this way, the balls B are heated inside the crucible M1 1 by the flame M14 produced by the burner M13.
• the crucible M1 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes M12 through which the flame M14 of the burner M13 can pass to come into direct contact with the balls B located in the crucible M1 1.
• the crucible M1 1 has a conical shape, and can be made from a cut stainless steel plate, and then deformed into a cone. This results in a rapid and uniform heating of the balls inside the crucible M1 1 since the flame M14 can propagate between the interstices present between the balls.
• the heating trough M1 may also be provided with a fan M 15 adapted to generate a pulsed air flow which has the tendency to cause the flame M14 towards the crucible M1 1 and through the M12 through holes. The flow of hot hot air passes directly through the quantity of balls present in the crucible M1 1 and heats them quickly and uniformly.
• the first function of the cap M2 is to close the crucible M1 1 during the heating phase. Thus, a minimal amount of heat is dissipated in the air. It follows that the heating of the balls is even faster and more uniform.
• the second function of the cap M2 is to collect and evacuate the hot gases from the crucible. For this, the cap M2 forms a convergence host M23 which is extended by an exhaust duct M24.
• the hot gases may, for example, be conveyed through a hose J to the dryer D, as shown in FIG. Other applications for exhausted hot gases are obviously possible.
• Such a heating module finds a preferred application in the pyrolysis gas production installation described above. However, such a heating module can be used in other installations requiring the rapid and homogeneous heating of the solid material, such as beads, without attempting to melt it.
• the pyrolysis gas production facility is optimized.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
• Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
• Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=44351692

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (25)

• 2010
  • 2010-12-21 FR FR1060943A patent/FR2969266B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-12-19 CA CA2821875A patent/CA2821875C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-19 ES ES11817386.3T patent/ES2555129T3/es active Active
  • 2011-12-19 US US13/996,258 patent/US9291394B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-19 BR BR112013015983-9A patent/BR112013015983B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-12-19 EP EP11817386.3A patent/EP2655996B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-12-19 AU AU2011346973A patent/AU2011346973B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2011-12-19 DK DK11817386.3T patent/DK2655996T3/en active
  • 2011-12-19 PL PL11817386T patent/PL2655996T3/pl unknown
  • 2011-12-19 CN CN201180061701.0A patent/CN103348206B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-19 RU RU2013133989/02A patent/RU2596732C2/ru active
  • 2011-12-19 PT PT118173863T patent/PT2655996E/pt unknown
  • 2011-12-19 WO PCT/FR2011/053044 patent/WO2012085422A1/fr active Application Filing
• 2015
  • 2015-11-30 HR HRP20151296TT patent/HRP20151296T1/hr unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events