EP2644904B1 - Method for controlling a work system that can be operated using fluid - Google Patents

Method for controlling a work system that can be operated using fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2644904B1
EP2644904B1 EP20120002099 EP12002099A EP2644904B1 EP 2644904 B1 EP2644904 B1 EP 2644904B1 EP 20120002099 EP20120002099 EP 20120002099 EP 12002099 A EP12002099 A EP 12002099A EP 2644904 B1 EP2644904 B1 EP 2644904B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working chamber
fluid
volume
actuator member
valve device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20120002099
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2644904A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Doll
Rüdiger Neumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Festo SE and Co KG
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Festo SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Festo SE and Co KG filed Critical Festo SE and Co KG
Priority to EP20120002099 priority Critical patent/EP2644904B1/en
Priority to CN201310098292.2A priority patent/CN103362901B/en
Publication of EP2644904A1 publication Critical patent/EP2644904A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2644904B1 publication Critical patent/EP2644904B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/046Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member
    • F15B11/048Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member with deceleration control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F15B11/064Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam with devices for saving the compressible medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3057Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having two valves, one for each port of a double-acting output member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/30575Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve in a Wheatstone Bridge arrangement (also half bridges)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6336Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the output member, e.g. position, speed or acceleration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/85Control during special operating conditions
    • F15B2211/853Control during special operating conditions during stopping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88Control measures for saving energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/885Control specific to the type of fluid, e.g. specific to magnetorheological fluid
    • F15B2211/8855Compressible fluids, e.g. specific to pneumatics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a fluid operable operating system having an actuator with an actuator housing and a movably received in the actuator housing actuator member, the actuator housing and the Aktorglied determine a first and at least one second working chamber, which are each pressurizable separately and the Provision of oppositely acting actor forces are formed on the actuator member, and having a valve device which is designed for separate control of the two working chambers, and a control device for controlling the valve device.
  • the positioner supplies first and second pneumatic control signals to the first and second working chambers, respectively, and has at least one device for setting the first pneumatic control signal for the first working chamber, wherein the device is designed such that the setting of the first control signal regulates the second pneumatic control signal leaves unaffected. This can be achieved deviating from a customary in the field of pneumatics coupled fluid loading of the two working chambers separate fluid loading of the two working chambers.
  • valve module for fluid supply fluidic consumers, having a plurality of valve modules, known.
  • the valve modules each comprise a channel body and four 2/2-way valves, which are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement and which are each switchable between a blocking position and a release position.
  • a control device for individually controlling the 2/2-way valves of the valve modules is provided.
  • the first working channel and the second working channel are communicatively connected to each other by a connecting channel and the valve module is assigned by the control device individually between a blocking position and a release position switchable valve means for influencing a free cross section of the connecting channel to the communicating connection between the first and the second working channel temporarily release.
  • the US 6,705,199 B2 discloses a precision control system for a pneumatically operable actuator associated with a braking device and a sensor system.
  • the precision control system provides drive fluid for movement of a working piston to a first working space of the actuator to cause movement of the working piston.
  • the precision control system activates the braking device as soon as the working piston passes a predefinable braking point.
  • an opposite pressurization by providing fluid to a second working space of the actuator is made to a possible to ensure precise positioning of the working piston in the desired target position.
  • the WO 2006/122339 A1 discloses a method for controlling a fluidically actuated drive with relatively adjustable components, of which a component via at least one switching element in a first direction of movement and in a first direction of movement opposite, second direction of movement between end positions and is braked against at least one of the end positions, wherein a Control means are each supplied by a switchable via a switching flag and arranged in the end position sensor control signals for the timing of the movement phase of the component for smooth start of the end position and the control device, the switching element is actuated by means of the control signals.
  • pressure chambers of the drive are actuated in opposite directions, wherein in a first movement phase of the component shortly before reaching the end position to be approached via the switching flag sensor arrangement at a time a first measurement signal and at a later time a second measurement signal is detected and then by the control device at least a period determined from the time difference between the measurement signals and at least one manipulated variable from a control unit of the control device for gently starting the end position from a desired-actual comparison between a specified period of time and the determined time span is calculated for at least one of two temporally successive switching times of the switching element and that this switching time of the switching element is set according to the manipulated variable in the following movement phase of the first movement phase of the component in the same direction of movement.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling a fluidly operable working system, in which a significant improvement in energy efficiency over the prior art can be achieved.
  • the control device prescribes the following steps: activating the valve device for providing a first predeterminable volume of a pressurized fluid to the first working chamber in order to accelerate the actuator element from a starting position to a predefinable target speed, the predeterminable volume being dimensioned in this way is that on the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber provided amount of energy as accurately as possible to accelerate the Aktorglieds to the required target speed, driving the valve means to close the first working chamber, driving the valve means to an outflow of a second predetermined volume of a Allow fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber, so that a deceleration of the actuator member is ensured to a predetermined target position along the actuator housing.
  • a significant improvement of the energy utilization is effected by the fact that the first working chamber, which is responsible for providing the driving force for the actuator member and one coupled to the actuator member Load is applied, is applied with a predetermined volume of a pressurized fluid, the predeterminable volume is dimensioned such that the provided via the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber amount of energy as exactly as possible to accelerate the Aktorglieds to the required target speed.
  • the target speed for the actuator member and the coupled load is in turn such that due to the inertia of the actuator member and load and thus stored in the Aktorglied and the coupled momentum kinetic movement of these components oppositely directed motion resistance, in particular frictional resistance, in particular within a predefinable Movement period to be overcome until reaching the target position.
  • the target velocity is sized that the actuator member reaches the target position reliably and that when reaching the target position only a small, especially a vanishing, kinetic energy is stored in Aktorglied and the coupled load and that a specifiable, low pressure level, in particular well below the provided at the valve device supply pressure pressure level , is achieved.
  • the objective of the method according to the invention which is to improve the energy efficiency when operating a fluidly operable work system, is thus essentially achieved by selecting the amount of energy fed into the work system via the pressurized fluid such that an active braking of the actuator member upon reaching it the target position, as it is known from the prior art under the term of the end position damping, at least largely unnecessary.
  • a significant portion of the provided via the pressurized fluid energy must be converted into heat that can not be used to ensure an accurate target achievement.
  • the actuation of the valve device in order to allow a second predeterminable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber to flow out of the second working chamber preferably takes place at a point in time at which the actuator element has already reached its target speed or the movement speed of the actuator element is already below the target speed is. It is assumed that the second working chamber is at least temporarily closed prior to the corresponding actuation of the valve device and thus no fluid can flow out of the second working chamber at least within a predefinable period of time prior to the time of actuation of the valve device.
  • the trapped in the second working chamber fluid with increasing approach of the Aktorglieds to the target position compressed due to a reduction in the volume of the second working chamber and thus serves as an elastic fluid buffer for the movement of the Aktorglieds.
  • the time for the control of the valve device for releasing the second working chamber is selected such that on the one hand the at least temporarily trapped fluid can flow without further switching operation of the valve device and on the other hand, the desired deceleration of the actuator member is guaranteed until reaching the target position.
  • This point in time for the actuation of the valve device can also be made dependent on whether the second working chamber was already closed during the acceleration of the actuator member or whether the second working chamber was closed at a later time.
  • the valve device is activated during and / or after the deceleration of the actuator member such that the second working chamber is depressurized in the target position. This ensures that the fluid pressure which is stored in the first working chamber when the target position is reached is completely available for the application of a static holding force by the actuator member to the coupled load.
  • the second working chamber remains in communicating connection with the environment and the prevailing fluid pressure upon reaching the target position or that the valve device is controlled in such a way that the second working chamber is fluidically separated from the environment.
  • the second working chamber for enhancing the holding force, which is exerted by the first working chamber on the actuator member, used as a displacement resistance for the Aktorglied upon introduction of external forces to the coupled load due to the trapped fluid volume in the second working chamber is increased.
  • the first predeterminable volume of the pressurized fluid which is provided to the first working chamber, is dimensioned such that a predetermined, in particular below a supply pressure for the valve device settled in the working chamber upon reaching the target position Target pressure is present.
  • the target pressure is preferably chosen such that external forces acting on the actuator member and the load coupled thereto after reaching the target position, at least not lead to a movement of the actuator member and the load, if these forces are within a predetermined interval.
  • the external forces are outside the predetermined interval, either a movement of the Aktorglieds and the load can be tolerated depending on the application for the work system or it can be provided a supply of pressurized fluid in the first working chamber to a sufficiently large counterforce to that of applied externally applied forces.
  • the target pressure for the first working chamber can be selected to be vanishing.
  • the valve device is controlled such that the first working chamber upon reaching the target position a third predetermined volume of a pressurized fluid is supplied to increase the target pressure in the first working chamber at the end of the deceleration process or after completion of the deceleration process by a predetermined amount.
  • the efficient use of the power provided to the work system is ensured by the requirement for a target pressure higher than the target pressure set by the first volume of the pressurized fluid needed to reach the target speed alone , is satisfied by the fact that the third volume is provided only at a time to the first working space to which no or at least no relevant acceleration path for the actuator member is more available.
  • the supply of the third volume of the pressurized fluid into the first working chamber also no deceleration of the actuator member is required, which would otherwise have a negative impact on energy efficiency. Rather, the amount of energy introduced into the first working chamber by the third volume of the pressurized fluid is at least almost completely converted into the desired holding force, which is established by the increase in the target pressure.
  • the control device controls the actuation of the valve device to provide the first predeterminable volume to the first working chamber and to allow the outflow of a second predeterminable volume from the second working chamber to be timed.
  • the method can be carried out with a simply constructed control device.
  • one or two end position sensors are associated with the actuator, which output on reaching the at least one or the at least two target positions along the path of movement of the Aktorglieds a corresponding signal to the Steuerungseicardi, so this knowledge thereof has whether the timed control of the valve device has yielded the desired success in the form of reaching the respective target position by the actuator member.
  • the actuator is assigned a pressure measuring device and / or at least one end position sensor and / or a displacement measuring device and that a control, in particular a control, of the valve device as a function of measured values, by the pressure measuring device and / or the at least one end position sensor and / or the path measuring device are provided to the control device takes place.
  • a robust design of the work system can be achieved, which thus also under changing loads and / or other changing boundary conditions such. Temperature-dependent changes of friction between load and associated storage always ensures the achievement of the target position for the actuator member.
  • the target position for the actuator member is selected such that a working volume of the second working chamber is minimal and that the first volume for the pressurized fluid and the second predetermined volume for the outflowing fluid are predetermined such that the actuator member reaches the target position with, in particular at least almost, vanishing movement speed.
  • the maximum displacement of the actuator is advantageously utilized, on the other hand, the contribution to the reinforcement of the holding force in the target position by the fluid volume enclosed in the second working chamber is greatest when the working volume of the second working chamber is minimal.
  • Achieving the target position by the actuator member with, at least almost, vanishing movement speed is advantageous, since this is an advantageous Utilization of the energy of the introduced into the first working chamber pressurized fluid is ensured because no energetically unfavorable deceleration of the actuator member and / or the load coupled thereto is required. Furthermore, this undesirable pulse discharges are avoided by the actuator member in the actuator housing and / or the load on a possibly provided end stop, which could lead to wear of the respective components.
  • the speed of the actuator member is checked by the control device in order to provide an additional supply of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber or at deviations from the predefinable target speed To allow temporary limitation of the outflow of the second predetermined volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber.
  • the outflow of the second predeterminable volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber takes place unthrottled.
  • the throttling effect during the outflow of the fluid from the second working chamber is limited in an advantageous manner to the fluid friction which can not be completely eliminated in the valve device and in the fluid conductors, which may in particular be fluid hoses. In such, at least almost unthrottled outflow of the fluid thus occur no significant fluid friction losses, which would otherwise worsen the energy efficiency of the work system.
  • This is advantageous in particular for the outflow of the fluid from the second working chamber when the actuator member approaches the target position, but may also be significant if an outflow of fluid from the second working chamber should be provided for the actuator member during the acceleration phase.
  • control device controls the valve device for providing a first predeterminable volume of a pressurized fluid to the first working chamber and for discharging a second predeterminable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber, in that an averaged pressure from pressure values of the two working chambers at the beginning and end of a movement of the actuator member is at a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent, of a supply pressure applied to the valve device.
  • the averaged pressure from pressure values of the two working chambers which is also referred to as medium pressure, before providing the first volume of the pressurized fluid to the first working chamber and after reaching the target position by the actuator member is at the lowest possible pressure level.
  • This pressure level is advantageously considerably less than half the supply pressure which is provided to the valve device.
  • the average pressure increases by supplying a first volume of pressurized fluid in the first working chamber to a first maximum value and at the time of release of the compressed in the second working chamber by the movement of the Aktorglieds fluid occupies a second maximum value and between the first and the second maximum value temporarily reaches a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent, of a voltage applied to the valve device supply pressure.
  • the inventive method can be carried out for example with a work system.
  • the work system for providing an actuating movement of an actuator comprises an actuator with an actuator housing and a Aktorgephaseuse movably received actuator member, the actuator housing and the Aktorglied determine a first and at least one second working chamber, which are each pressurizable separately and the Provision of opposing acting Actuator forces are formed on the actuator member.
  • the operating system comprises a valve device, which is designed for the separate control of the two working chambers, and a control device for controlling the valve device. It is provided that the control device is designed for carrying out one of the methods according to one of claims 1 to 11.
  • the valve device comprises at least one arrangement of four 2/2-way valves, each having a first and a second fluid port and a movable valve member for adjusting a free fluid channel cross section between the first and the second fluid port, wherein the four / 2-way valves are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement, in which the first fluid ports of the first and second 2/2-way valve are connectable to a fluid source, the second fluid port of the first 2/2-way valve and the first fluid port of the fourth 2 / 2-way valve are connected to the first working chamber, the second fluid port of the second 2/2-way valve and the first fluid port of the third 2/2-way valve are connected to the second working chamber and the second fluid ports of the third and the fourth 2/2 Directional valve are connected to a vent channel.
  • each of the working chambers associated 3/3-way valves can be modeled, which are used for a separate control of the first and the second working chamber can.
  • a connecting channel is formed, in which one of the control means individually switchable between a blocking position and a release position, in particular, a valve means configured as a 2/2-way valve for influencing a free cross section of the connection channel is arranged to temporarily release a communicating connection between the first and the second working chamber.
  • the connecting channel can be released temporarily, in particular, if after the supply of the first volume of the pressurized fluid into the first working chamber it should turn out that the target speed for the actuator member and the load coupled thereto has been exceeded and thus a greater deceleration of the actuator member is required, which would otherwise have to be ensured by direct introduction of pressurized fluid into the second working chamber.
  • An Indian FIG. 1 schematically illustrated work system 1 comprises an exemplary designed as a double-acting pneumatic cylinder actuator 2.
  • the actuator 2 has an actuator housing 3, in which a recess is formed, in which a trained as a piston actuator member 4 is received linearly movable.
  • the actuator member 4 is connected to a piston rod 5, which in turn is coupled to a load 6.
  • the actuator housing 3 and the actuator member 4 define two fluidly separated working chambers 7, 8.
  • the working chambers 7, 8 can each separately with the help of a valve device 9, the example of two 3/3-way valves 10, 11, with pressurized fluid from a Fluid source 12 are supplied.
  • the working chamber 7, 8 can be locked by means of the 3/3-way valves 10, 11, so that no fluid flow from the respective working chamber 7, 8 or in the respective working chamber 7, 8 is possible.
  • the 3/3-way valves 10, 11 are each connected in such a way that an outflow of fluid from the working chambers 7, 8 to an output, such as a vent outlet 14, is possible.
  • a control device 15 is provided which can provide electrical power to the magnetic drives 16, 17 of the 3/3-way valves 10, 11 to move them between the different switching positions.
  • control device 15 is electrically connected to two respective end-face sensors 18, 19 attached to the actuator housing 3, which provide an electrical signal to the control device 15 as soon as the actuator member 4 has arrived along a movement axis 20 in a target position monitored by respective end position sensor 18, 19.
  • the work system 1 in which a time-controlled control of the valve device 9 is provided by the control device 15, in particular at constant boundary conditions, ie constant load 6, constant friction conditions for the actuator member 4 and the load 6 and constant demands on the holding force on the actuator member. 4 be operated in the target position. Further details on the possible operation of the work system 1 will become apparent from the following description of the Figures 3 and 4 ,
  • valve means 59 comprises two 3/3-way proportional directional control valves 60, 61 and that the actuator housing. 3 in addition to the end position sensors 18, 19, a displacement measuring system 71 is assigned, with which each position of the actuator member 4 along the movement path 20 can be determined.
  • control device 65 is designed for regulating the fluid supply and the outflow of fluid into the working chambers 7, 8 or from the working chambers 7, 8.
  • the work system 51 is provided in the regulation of the valve device 59 by the control device 65, in particular at varying boundary conditions, ie varying load 6 and / or varying friction conditions for the actuator member 4 and the load 6 and / or changing demands on the holding force on the Actuator 4 are operated in the respective target position.
  • the high acceleration of the actuator member 4 and the load 6, which underlies the speed increase, results from providing a first volume of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber 7, which can be seen from the pressure curve pa in the pressure diagram, which is plotted as an absolute pressure curve like all other pressure curves from the fact that in the second working chamber 8, whose pressure is represented by the pressure curve pb, there is only a low pressure level from the previous course of motion, so that the movement of the actuator 4 is only minimally inhibited.
  • the mean pressure pm which results from the averaging of the respective pressure values from the two working chambers 7, 8, is at the beginning and end of the movement of the Aktorglieds 4 a fraction of the supply pressure applied to the valve means 9, 59, exemplarily less than 20 percent of the supply pressure according to the illustration of FIG. 4 ,
  • From the associated force diagram according to the FIG. 3 can be taken from the power provided by the actuator 4 to the load 6.
  • This first increases by the provision of the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber 7 to a maximum value, and then subsequently after completion of the fluid supply into the first working chamber 7 due the increasing increase in the volume of the first working chamber 7 and the thus decreasing pressure in the first working chamber 7 to fall back to zero.
  • the resulting, contrary to the operation according to FIG. 3 deviating from zero holding force Fh on the actuator member 4 is the force diagram of FIG. 4 refer to.
  • FIG. 5 shows a force curve for a work system, which is operated in a conventional manner.
  • the force curve 30 according to the FIG. 3 the force curve 31 according to FIG.
  • a valve device 40 is shown, which is basically designed as an arrangement four 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43 44.
  • Each of the 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43 44 includes a first and a second fluid port and a not shown, movable valve member for adjusting a free fluid channel cross-section between the respective first and second fluid port.
  • the four 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43, 44 are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement in which the first fluid ports of the first and second 2/2-way valve 41, 42 are connectable to a fluid source 45, the second fluid port of first 2/2-way valve 41 and the first fluid port of the fourth 2/2-way valve 44 are connected to the first working chamber 7, the second fluid port of the second 2/2-way valve 42 and the first fluid port of the third 2/2-way valve 43rd are connected to the second working chamber 8 and the second fluid ports of the third and fourth 2/2-way valve 43, 44 are connected to a vent outlet 46.
  • a valve device 40 fluid flows into the working chambers 7, 8 or from the working chamber 7, 8 can be influenced in a simple manner.
  • a Connecting channel 47 is formed, in which one of the control device 48 individually switchable between a blocking position and a release position, exemplarily designed as 2/2-way valve 49 valve means for influencing a free cross section of the connecting channel 47 is arranged to communicate a communication between the first working chamber 7 and the second working chamber 8 temporarily release.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines fluidisch betreibbaren Arbeitssystems, das einen Aktor mit einem Aktorgehäuse und einem im Aktorgehäuse beweglich aufgenommenen Aktorglied aufweist, wobei das Aktorgehäuse und das Aktorglied eine erste und mindestens eine zweite Arbeitskammer bestimmen, die jeweils separat druckbeaufschlagbar sind und die zur Bereitstellung von einander entgegengesetzt wirkenden Aktorkräfte auf das Aktorglied ausgebildet sind, und das eine Ventileinrichtung, die zur separaten Ansteuerung der beiden Arbeitskammern ausgebildet ist, sowie eine Steuereinrichtung zur Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung aufweist.The invention relates to a method for controlling a fluid operable operating system having an actuator with an actuator housing and a movably received in the actuator housing actuator member, the actuator housing and the Aktorglied determine a first and at least one second working chamber, which are each pressurizable separately and the Provision of oppositely acting actor forces are formed on the actuator member, and having a valve device which is designed for separate control of the two working chambers, and a control device for controlling the valve device.

Aus der DE 10 2008 007 651 B3 ist ein Stellungsregler für einen doppeltwirkenden pneumatischen Stellantrieb mit einer ersten und einer zweiten pneumatisch beaufschlagbaren Arbeitskammer sowie einem beweglichen Arbeitsteil, das für eine Stellbewegung bei einer Differenz von Druck in der ersten und zweiten Arbeitskammer verlagerbar ist, bekannt. Der Stellungsregler führt der ersten bzw. zweiten Arbeitskammer ein erstes bzw. zweites pneumatisches Steuersignal zu und weist zumindest eine Einrichtung zum Einstellen des ersten pneumatischen Steuersignals für die erste Arbeitskammer auf, wobei die Einrichtung derart ausgeführt ist, dass die Einstellung des ersten Steuersignals regelungsgemäß das zweite pneumatische Steuersignal unbeeinflusst lässt. Hiermit kann abweichend von einer im Bereich der Pneumatik üblichen gekoppelten Fluidbeaufschlagung der beiden Arbeitskammern eine getrennte Fluidbeaufschlagung der beiden Arbeitskammern erzielt werden. Aus der DE 10 2009 017 879 A1 ist fluidtechnisches System mit einer Ventileinrichtung zur Fluidversorgung fluidischer Verbraucher, die mehrere Ventilmodule aufweist, bekannt. Dabei umfassen die Ventilmodule jeweils einen Kanalkörper und vier 2/2-Wegeventile, die in einer Vollbrückenanordnung miteinander verschaltet sind und die jeweils zwischen einer Sperrstellung und einer Freigabestellung umschaltbar sind. Ferner ist eine Steuereinrichtung zur individuellen Ansteuerung der 2/2-Wegeventile der Ventilmodule vorgesehen. Dabei sind der erste Arbeitskanal und der zweite Arbeitskanal von einem Verbindungskanal kommunizierend miteinander verbunden und dem Ventilmodul ist ein von der Steuereinrichtung individuell zwischen einer Sperrstellung und einer Freigabestellung umschaltbares Ventilmittel zur Beeinflussung eines freien Querschnitts des Verbindungskanals zugeordnet, um die kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Arbeitskanal zeitweilig freizugeben. Hiermit kann zusätzlich zu einer getrennten Fluidbeaufschlagung von Arbeitskammern eines pneumatischen Zylinders während einer Bewegung des pneumatischen Zylinders ein teilweiser Druckausgleich zwischen den beiden Arbeitskammern des pneumatischen Zylinders erreicht werden. Hierdurch soll eine effizientere Ausnutzung des bereitgestellten druckbeaufschlagten Fluids und damit eine Verbesserung der Energiebilanz des fluidtechnischen Systems angestrebt werden.From the DE 10 2008 007 651 B3 is a positioner for a double-acting pneumatic actuator with a first and a second pneumatically actuated working chamber and a movable working part, which is displaced for an actuating movement with a difference of pressure in the first and second working chamber, known. The positioner supplies first and second pneumatic control signals to the first and second working chambers, respectively, and has at least one device for setting the first pneumatic control signal for the first working chamber, wherein the device is designed such that the setting of the first control signal regulates the second pneumatic control signal leaves unaffected. This can be achieved deviating from a customary in the field of pneumatics coupled fluid loading of the two working chambers separate fluid loading of the two working chambers. From the DE 10 2009 017 879 A1 is fluid technical system with a valve device for fluid supply fluidic consumers, having a plurality of valve modules, known. In this case, the valve modules each comprise a channel body and four 2/2-way valves, which are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement and which are each switchable between a blocking position and a release position. Furthermore, a control device for individually controlling the 2/2-way valves of the valve modules is provided. In this case, the first working channel and the second working channel are communicatively connected to each other by a connecting channel and the valve module is assigned by the control device individually between a blocking position and a release position switchable valve means for influencing a free cross section of the connecting channel to the communicating connection between the first and the second working channel temporarily release. This can be achieved in addition to a separate fluid loading of working chambers of a pneumatic cylinder during movement of the pneumatic cylinder, a partial pressure equalization between the two working chambers of the pneumatic cylinder. In this way, a more efficient utilization of the pressurized fluid provided and thus an improvement in the energy balance of the fluid power system should be sought.

Die US 6,705,199 B2 offenbart ein Präzisionssteuerungssystem für einen pneumatisch betreibbaren Aktuator, dem eine Bremseinrichtung und ein Sensorsystem zugeordnet sind. Das Präzisionssteuerungssystem stellt ein Antriebsfluid für eine Bewegung eines Arbeitskolbens an einen ersten Arbeitsraum des Aktors bereit, um eine Bewegung des Arbeitskolbens hervorzurufen. Ferner aktiviert das Präzisionssteuerungssystem die Bremseinrichtung, sobald der Arbeitskolben einen vorgebbaren Bremspunkt passiert. Zudem wird unter Aufrechterhaltung der Fluidversorgung des ersten Arbeitsraums eine entgegengesetzte Druckbeaufschlagung durch Bereitstellung von Fluid an einen zweiten Arbeitsraum des Aktuators vorgenommen, um eine möglichst präzise Positionierung des Arbeitskolbens in der angestrebten Zielposition zu gewährleisten.The US 6,705,199 B2 discloses a precision control system for a pneumatically operable actuator associated with a braking device and a sensor system. The precision control system provides drive fluid for movement of a working piston to a first working space of the actuator to cause movement of the working piston. Furthermore, the precision control system activates the braking device as soon as the working piston passes a predefinable braking point. In addition, while maintaining the fluid supply of the first working space, an opposite pressurization by providing fluid to a second working space of the actuator is made to a possible to ensure precise positioning of the working piston in the desired target position.

Die WO 2006/122339 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines fluidisch betätigten Antriebs mit relativ zueinander verstellbaren Bauteilen, wovon ein Bauteil über zumindest ein Schaltelement in eine erste Bewegungsrichtung und in eine der ersten Bewegungsrichtung entgegengesetzte, zweite Bewegungsrichtung zwischen Endlagen und gegen zumindest eine der Endlagen abgebremst bewegt wird, wobei einer Steuereinrichtung jeweils von einem über eine Schaltfahne elektronisch schaltbaren und in der Endlage angeordneten Sensor Steuersignale für die zeitliche Steuerung der Bewegungsphase des Bauteils zum sanften Anfahren der Endlage zugeführt werden und von der Steuereinrichtung das Schaltelement anhand der Steuersignale betätigt wird. Ferner werden Druckkammern des Antriebs gegenläufig angesteuert, wobei in einer ersten Bewegungsphase des Bauteils kurz vor Erreichen der anzufahrenden Endlage über die Schaltfahne-Sensor-Anordnung zu einem Zeitpunkt ein erstes Messsignal und zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt ein zweites Messsignal erfasst wird und danach von der Steuereinrichtung zumindest eine Zeitspanne aus der Zeitdifferenz zwischen den Messsignalen ermittelt und von einer Reglereinheit der Steuereinrichtung zum sanften Anfahren der Endlage aus einem Soll-Ist-Vergleich zwischen einer festgelegten Zeitspanne und der ermittelten Zeitspanne zumindest eine Stellgrösse für wenigstens einen von zwei zeitlich aufeinander folgenden Umschaltzeitpunkten des Schaltelementes berechnet wird und dass dieser Umschaltzeitpunkt des Schaltelementes entsprechend der Stellgrösse in der auf die erste Bewegungsphase nachfolgenden, weiteren Bewegungsphase des Bauteils in dieselbe Bewegungsrichtung eingestellt wird.The WO 2006/122339 A1 discloses a method for controlling a fluidically actuated drive with relatively adjustable components, of which a component via at least one switching element in a first direction of movement and in a first direction of movement opposite, second direction of movement between end positions and is braked against at least one of the end positions, wherein a Control means are each supplied by a switchable via a switching flag and arranged in the end position sensor control signals for the timing of the movement phase of the component for smooth start of the end position and the control device, the switching element is actuated by means of the control signals. Furthermore, pressure chambers of the drive are actuated in opposite directions, wherein in a first movement phase of the component shortly before reaching the end position to be approached via the switching flag sensor arrangement at a time a first measurement signal and at a later time a second measurement signal is detected and then by the control device at least a period determined from the time difference between the measurement signals and at least one manipulated variable from a control unit of the control device for gently starting the end position from a desired-actual comparison between a specified period of time and the determined time span is calculated for at least one of two temporally successive switching times of the switching element and that this switching time of the switching element is set according to the manipulated variable in the following movement phase of the first movement phase of the component in the same direction of movement.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines fluidisch betreibbaren Arbeitssystems bereitzustellen, bei dem eine signifikante Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz gegenüber dem Stand der Technik erreicht werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling a fluidly operable working system, in which a significant improvement in energy efficiency over the prior art can be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung für ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung die folgenden Schritte vorgibt: Ansteuern der Ventileinrichtung für eine Bereitstellung eines ersten vorgebbaren Volumens eines druckbeaufschlagten Fluids an die erste Arbeitskammer, um das Aktorglied ausgehend von einer Startposition auf eine vorgebbare Zielgeschwindigkeit zu beschleunigen, wobei das vorgebbare Volumen derart bemessen ist, dass eine über das druckbeaufschlagte Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer bereitgestellte Energiemenge möglichst exakt zur Beschleunigung des Aktorglieds auf die geforderte Zielgeschwindigkeit ausreicht, Ansteuern der Ventileinrichtung, um die erste Arbeitskammer zu verschließen, Ansteuern der Ventileinrichtung, um ein Abströmen eines zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens eines in der zweiten Arbeitskammer enthaltenen Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer zu ermöglichen, so dass eine Abbremsung des Aktorglieds auf eine vorgebbare Zielposition längs des Aktorgehäuses gewährleistet ist. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Energieausnutzung dadurch bewirkt, dass die erste Arbeitskammer, die für die Bereitstellung der Antriebskraft für das Aktorglied und eine mit dem Aktorglied gekoppelte Last eingesetzt wird, mit einem vorgebbaren Volumen eines druckbeaufschlagten Fluids beaufschlagt wird, wobei das vorgebbare Volumen derart bemessen ist, dass die über das druckbeaufschlagte Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer bereitgestellte Energiemenge möglichst exakt zur Beschleunigung des Aktorglieds auf die geforderte Zielgeschwindigkeit ausreicht. Die Zielgeschwindigkeit für das Aktorglied und die damit gekoppelte Last ist ihrerseits so bemessen, dass aufgrund der Massenträgheit von Aktorglied und Last und der somit im Aktorglied und der gekoppelten Last gespeicherten Bewegungsenergie die der Bewegung dieser Komponenten entgegen gerichteten Bewegungswiderstände, insbesondere Reibungswiderstände, insbesondere innerhalb eines vorgebbaren Bewegungszeitraums, bis zum Erreichen der Zielposition überwunden werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Zielgeschwindigkeit so bemessen, dass das Aktorglied die Zielposition zuverlässig erreicht und dass bei Erreichen der Zielposition nur noch eine geringe, insbesondere eine verschwindende, Bewegungsenergie im Aktorglied und der gekoppelten Last gespeichert ist und dass ein vorgebbares, geringes Druckniveau, insbesondere deutlich unterhalb des an der Ventileinrichtung bereitgestellten Versorgungsdrucks liegendes Druckniveau, erreicht wird.This object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention for a method of the type mentioned above with the features of claim 1. In this case, it is provided that the control device prescribes the following steps: activating the valve device for providing a first predeterminable volume of a pressurized fluid to the first working chamber in order to accelerate the actuator element from a starting position to a predefinable target speed, the predeterminable volume being dimensioned in this way is that on the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber provided amount of energy as accurately as possible to accelerate the Aktorglieds to the required target speed, driving the valve means to close the first working chamber, driving the valve means to an outflow of a second predetermined volume of a Allow fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber, so that a deceleration of the actuator member is ensured to a predetermined target position along the actuator housing. In the method according to the invention, a significant improvement of the energy utilization is effected by the fact that the first working chamber, which is responsible for providing the driving force for the actuator member and one coupled to the actuator member Load is applied, is applied with a predetermined volume of a pressurized fluid, the predeterminable volume is dimensioned such that the provided via the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber amount of energy as exactly as possible to accelerate the Aktorglieds to the required target speed. The target speed for the actuator member and the coupled load is in turn such that due to the inertia of the actuator member and load and thus stored in the Aktorglied and the coupled momentum kinetic movement of these components oppositely directed motion resistance, in particular frictional resistance, in particular within a predefinable Movement period to be overcome until reaching the target position. Preferably, the target velocity is sized that the actuator member reaches the target position reliably and that when reaching the target position only a small, especially a vanishing, kinetic energy is stored in Aktorglied and the coupled load and that a specifiable, low pressure level, in particular well below the provided at the valve device supply pressure pressure level , is achieved.

Die Zielsetzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die in der Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz beim Betreiben eines fluidisch betreibbaren Arbeitssystems liegt, wird also im Wesentlichen dadurch erreicht, dass die über das druckbeaufschlagte Fluid in das Arbeitssystem eingespeiste Energiemenge so gewählt wird, dass ein aktives Abbremsen des Aktorglieds bei Erreichen der Zielposition, wie es aus dem Stand der Technik unter dem Begriff der Endlagendämpfung bekannt ist, zumindest weitestgehend unnötig wird. Somit kann vermieden werden, dass bei der Abbremsung des Aktorglieds ein erheblicher Teil der über das druckbeaufschlagte Fluid bereitgestellten Energie in nicht weiter nutzbare Wärme umgewandelt werden muss, um eine exakte Zielerreichung zu gewährleisten.The objective of the method according to the invention, which is to improve the energy efficiency when operating a fluidly operable work system, is thus essentially achieved by selecting the amount of energy fed into the work system via the pressurized fluid such that an active braking of the actuator member upon reaching it the target position, as it is known from the prior art under the term of the end position damping, at least largely unnecessary. Thus, it can be avoided that during the deceleration of the Aktorglieds a significant portion of the provided via the pressurized fluid energy must be converted into heat that can not be used to ensure an accurate target achievement.

Die Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung, um ein Abströmen eines zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens eines in der zweiten Arbeitskammer enthaltenen Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer zu ermöglichen, erfolgt vorzugweise zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem das Aktorglied bereits seine Zielgeschwindigkeit erreicht hat bzw. die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Aktorglieds bereits wieder unterhalb der Zielgeschwindigkeit liegt. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, das die zweite Arbeitskammer vor der entsprechenden Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung zumindest zeitweilig verschlossen ist und somit zumindest innerhalb einer vorgebbaren Zeitspanne vor dem Zeitpunkt der Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung kein Fluid aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer ausströmen kann. Dadurch wird das in der zweiten Arbeitskammer eingeschlossene Fluid mit zunehmender Annäherung des Aktorglieds an die Zielposition, aufgrund einer Verkleinerung des Volumens der zweiten Arbeitskammer komprimiert und dient somit als elastischer Fluidpuffer für die Bewegung des Aktorglieds. Vorzugsweise ist der Zeitpunkt für die Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung zur Freigabe der in der zweiten Arbeitskammer derart gewählt, dass einerseits das zumindest zeitweilig eingeschlossene Fluid ohne weiteren Schaltvorgang der Ventileinrichtung abströmen kann und andererseits die gewünschte Abbremsung des Aktorglieds bis zum Erreichen der Zielposition gewährleistet ist. Dieser Zeitpunkt für die Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung kann auch davon abhängig gemacht werden, ob die zweite Arbeitskammer bereits während der Beschleunigung des Aktorglieds verschlossen war oder ob die zweite Arbeitskammer erst zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt verschlossen wurde.The actuation of the valve device in order to allow a second predeterminable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber to flow out of the second working chamber preferably takes place at a point in time at which the actuator element has already reached its target speed or the movement speed of the actuator element is already below the target speed is. It is assumed that the second working chamber is at least temporarily closed prior to the corresponding actuation of the valve device and thus no fluid can flow out of the second working chamber at least within a predefinable period of time prior to the time of actuation of the valve device. Thereby, the trapped in the second working chamber fluid with increasing approach of the Aktorglieds to the target position, compressed due to a reduction in the volume of the second working chamber and thus serves as an elastic fluid buffer for the movement of the Aktorglieds. Preferably, the time for the control of the valve device for releasing the second working chamber is selected such that on the one hand the at least temporarily trapped fluid can flow without further switching operation of the valve device and on the other hand, the desired deceleration of the actuator member is guaranteed until reaching the target position. This point in time for the actuation of the valve device can also be made dependent on whether the second working chamber was already closed during the acceleration of the actuator member or whether the second working chamber was closed at a later time.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments of the method are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Ventileinrichtung während und/oder nach der Abbremsung des Aktorglieds derart angesteuert wird, dass die zweite Arbeitskammer in der Zielposition drucklos ist. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass der Fluiddruck, der beim Erreichen der Zielposition in der ersten Arbeitskammer gespeichert ist, vollständig für die Ausübung einer statischen Haltekraft durch das Aktorglied auf die gekoppelte Last zur Verfügung steht. Wahlweise kann vorgesehen werden, dass die zweite Arbeitskammer bei Erreichen der Zielposition in kommunizierender Verbindung mit der Umgebung und dem dort herrschenden Fluiddruck verbleibt oder dass die Ventileinrichtung derart angesteuert wird, dass die zweite Arbeitskammer fluidisch von der Umgebung getrennt wird. Im letzteren Fall wird die zweite Arbeitskammer zur Verstärkung der Haltekraft, die von der ersten Arbeitskammer auf das Aktorglied ausgeübt wird, genutzt, da ein Verschiebungswiderstand für das Aktorglied bei Einleitung von äußeren Kräften auf die gekoppelte Last aufgrund des in der zweiten Arbeitskammer eingeschlossenen Fluidvolumens erhöht wird.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the valve device is activated during and / or after the deceleration of the actuator member such that the second working chamber is depressurized in the target position. This ensures that the fluid pressure which is stored in the first working chamber when the target position is reached is completely available for the application of a static holding force by the actuator member to the coupled load. Optionally, it may be provided that the second working chamber remains in communicating connection with the environment and the prevailing fluid pressure upon reaching the target position or that the valve device is controlled in such a way that the second working chamber is fluidically separated from the environment. In the latter case, the second working chamber for enhancing the holding force, which is exerted by the first working chamber on the actuator member, used as a displacement resistance for the Aktorglied upon introduction of external forces to the coupled load due to the trapped fluid volume in the second working chamber is increased.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass das erste vorgebbare Volumen des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids, das an die erste Arbeitskammer bereitgestellt wird, derart bemessen ist, dass in der Arbeitskammer bei Erreichen der Zielposition ein, insbesondere unterhalb eines Versorgungsdrucks für die Ventileinrichtung angesiedelter, vorgebbarer Zieldruck vorliegt. Der Zieldruck ist vorzugsweise derart gewählt, dass äußere Kräfte, die nach Erreichen der Zielposition auf das Aktorglied und die damit gekoppelte Last einwirken, zumindest dann nicht zu einer Bewegung des Aktorglieds und der Last führen, wenn diese Kräfte innerhalb eines vorgebbaren Intervalls liegen. Sollten die äußeren Kräfte außerhalb des vorgegebenen Intervalls liegen, kann je nach Einsatzfall für das Arbeitssystem entweder eine Bewegung des Aktorglieds und der Last toleriert werden oder es kann eine Zufuhr von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer vorgesehen werden, um eine ausreichend große Gegenkraft zur den von außen eingeleiteten Kräften aufzubringen. Je niedriger die notwendige Haltekraft für die Last und damit der Zieldruck in der ersten Arbeitskammer liegt, desto effizienter kann das Arbeitssystem die zur Verfügung gestellte Energie nutzen. Je nach Anwendungsfall für das Arbeitssystem kann es zulässig sein, dass in der Zielposition keine Haltekraft vom Aktorglied bereitgestellt werden muss, beispielsweise wenn die damit gekoppelte Last in anderer Weise, insbesondere mechanisch, in der Zielposition verriegelt wird. In diesem Fall kann der Zieldruck für die erste Arbeitskammer verschwindend gewählt werden.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the first predeterminable volume of the pressurized fluid, which is provided to the first working chamber, is dimensioned such that a predetermined, in particular below a supply pressure for the valve device settled in the working chamber upon reaching the target position Target pressure is present. The target pressure is preferably chosen such that external forces acting on the actuator member and the load coupled thereto after reaching the target position, at least not lead to a movement of the actuator member and the load, if these forces are within a predetermined interval. If the external forces are outside the predetermined interval, either a movement of the Aktorglieds and the load can be tolerated depending on the application for the work system or it can be provided a supply of pressurized fluid in the first working chamber to a sufficiently large counterforce to that of applied externally applied forces. The lower the required holding force for the load and thus the target pressure in the first working chamber, the more efficiently the working system can use the energy provided. Depending on the application for the work system, it may be permissible that no holding force has to be provided by the actuator member in the target position, for example when the load coupled thereto is locked in the target position in a different manner, in particular mechanically. In this case, the target pressure for the first working chamber can be selected to be vanishing.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Ventileinrichtung derart angesteuert wird, dass der ersten Arbeitskammer beim Erreichen der Zielposition ein drittes vorgebbares Volumen eines druckbeaufschlagten Fluids zugeführt wird, um den Zieldruck in der ersten Arbeitskammer am Ende des Abbremsvorgangs oder nach Beendigung des Abbremsvorgangs um einen vorgebbaren Betrag zu erhöhen. Bei diesem Betriebsfall für die Arbeitseinrichtung wird die effiziente Nutzung der dem Arbeitssystem zur Verfügung gestellten Energie dadurch sichergestellt, dass die Anforderung nach einem Zieldruck, der höher als derjenige Zieldruck ist, der sich allein durch das zur Erreichung der Zielgeschwindigkeit notwendige erste Volumen des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids einstellt, dadurch erfüllt wird, dass das dritte Volumen erst zu einem Zeitpunkt an den ersten Arbeitsraum bereitgestellt wird, zu dem kein oder zumindest kein relevanter Beschleunigungsweg für das Aktorglied mehr zur Verfügung steht. Somit wird durch die Zufuhr des dritten Volumens des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids in die erste Arbeitskammer auch keine Abbremsung des Aktorglieds erforderlich, die sich ansonsten negativ auf die Energieeffizienz auswirken würde. Vielmehr wird die in die erste Arbeitskammer durch das dritte Volumen des druckbeaufschlagten Fluid eingebrachte Energiemenge zumindest nahezu vollständig in die gewünschte Haltekraft, die sich durch die Erhöhung des Zieldrucks einstellt, umgesetzt.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the valve device is controlled such that the first working chamber upon reaching the target position a third predetermined volume of a pressurized fluid is supplied to increase the target pressure in the first working chamber at the end of the deceleration process or after completion of the deceleration process by a predetermined amount. In this operating case for the work equipment, the efficient use of the power provided to the work system is ensured by the requirement for a target pressure higher than the target pressure set by the first volume of the pressurized fluid needed to reach the target speed alone , is satisfied by the fact that the third volume is provided only at a time to the first working space to which no or at least no relevant acceleration path for the actuator member is more available. Thus, the supply of the third volume of the pressurized fluid into the first working chamber also no deceleration of the actuator member is required, which would otherwise have a negative impact on energy efficiency. Rather, the amount of energy introduced into the first working chamber by the third volume of the pressurized fluid is at least almost completely converted into the desired holding force, which is established by the increase in the target pressure.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung die Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung zur Bereitstellung des ersten vorgebbaren Volumens an die erste Arbeitskammer und zur Ermöglichung des Abströmens eines zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer zeitgesteuert vornimmt. Hierdurch kann das Verfahren mit einer einfach aufgebauten Steuerungseinrichtung vorgenommen werden. Vorzugsweise sind dem Aktor ein oder zwei Endlagensensoren zugeordnet, die bei Erreichen der wenigstens einen oder der wenigstens zwei Zielpositionen längs des Bewegungswegs des Aktorglieds ein entsprechendes Signal an die Steuerungseirichtung ausgeben, damit diese Kenntnis davon hat, ob die zeitgesteuerte Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung den gewünschten Erfolg in Form des Erreichens der jeweiligen Zielposition durch das Aktorglied erbracht hat.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the control device controls the actuation of the valve device to provide the first predeterminable volume to the first working chamber and to allow the outflow of a second predeterminable volume from the second working chamber to be timed. As a result, the method can be carried out with a simply constructed control device. Preferably, one or two end position sensors are associated with the actuator, which output on reaching the at least one or the at least two target positions along the path of movement of the Aktorglieds a corresponding signal to the Steuerungseirichtung, so this knowledge thereof has whether the timed control of the valve device has yielded the desired success in the form of reaching the respective target position by the actuator member.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass dem Aktor eine Druckmesseinrichtung und/oder wenigstens eine Endlagensensor und/oder eine Wegmesseinrichtung zugeordnet ist und dass eine Ansteuerung, insbesondere eine Regelung, der Ventileinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten, die von der Druckmesseinrichtung und/oder dem wenigstens einen Endlagensensor und/oder der Wegmesseinrichtung an die Steuereinrichtung bereitgestellt werden, erfolgt. Hierdurch kann eine robuste Auslegung des Arbeitssystems erreicht werden, das somit auch bei wechselnden Lasten und/oder anderen sich ändernden Randbedingungen wie z.B. temperaturabhängigen Änderungen von Reibwerten zwischen Last und zugeordneter Lagerung stets die Erreichung der Zielposition für das Aktorglied gewährleistet.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the actuator is assigned a pressure measuring device and / or at least one end position sensor and / or a displacement measuring device and that a control, in particular a control, of the valve device as a function of measured values, by the pressure measuring device and / or the at least one end position sensor and / or the path measuring device are provided to the control device takes place. As a result, a robust design of the work system can be achieved, which thus also under changing loads and / or other changing boundary conditions such. Temperature-dependent changes of friction between load and associated storage always ensures the achievement of the target position for the actuator member.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Zielposition für das Aktorglied derart gewählt ist, dass ein Arbeitsvolumen der zweiten Arbeitskammer minimal ist und dass das erste Volumen für das druckbeaufschlagte Fluid und das zweite vorgebbare Volumen für das abströmende Fluid derart vorgegeben sind, dass das Aktorglied die Zielposition mit, insbesondere zumindest nahezu, verschwindender Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht. Bei einem minimalen Arbeitsvolumen der zweiten Arbeitskammer in der Zielposition wird zum einen der maximale Verstellweg des Aktors in vorteilhafter Weise ausgenutzt, zum anderen ist der Beitrag zur Verstärkung der Haltekraft in der Zielposition durch das in der zweiten Arbeitskammer eingeschlossene Fluidvolumen am größten, wenn das Arbeitsvolumen der zweiten Arbeitskammer minimal ist. Das Erreichen der Zielposition durch das Aktorglied mit, zumindest nahezu, verschwindender Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch eine vorteilhafte Ausnutzung der Energie des in die erste Arbeitskammer eingeleiteten druckbeaufschlagten Fluids gewährleistet wird, da keine energetisch ungünstige Abbremsung des Aktorglieds und/oder der damit gekoppelten Last erforderlich ist. Ferner werden dadurch unerwünschte Impulseinleitungen vom Aktorglied in das Aktorgehäuse und/oder von der Last auf einen möglicherweise vorgesehenen Endanschlag vermieden, die zu einem Verschleiß der jeweiligen Komponenten führen könnten.In an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that the target position for the actuator member is selected such that a working volume of the second working chamber is minimal and that the first volume for the pressurized fluid and the second predetermined volume for the outflowing fluid are predetermined such that the actuator member reaches the target position with, in particular at least almost, vanishing movement speed. With a minimum working volume of the second working chamber in the target position, on the one hand, the maximum displacement of the actuator is advantageously utilized, on the other hand, the contribution to the reinforcement of the holding force in the target position by the fluid volume enclosed in the second working chamber is greatest when the working volume of the second working chamber is minimal. Achieving the target position by the actuator member with, at least almost, vanishing movement speed is advantageous, since this is an advantageous Utilization of the energy of the introduced into the first working chamber pressurized fluid is ensured because no energetically unfavorable deceleration of the actuator member and / or the load coupled thereto is required. Furthermore, this undesirable pulse discharges are avoided by the actuator member in the actuator housing and / or the load on a possibly provided end stop, which could lead to wear of the respective components.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass während der Bewegung zwischen der Startposition und der Zielposition eine Überprüfung der Geschwindigkeit des Aktorglieds durch die Steuereinrichtung vorgenommen wird, um bei Abweichungen von der vorgebbaren Zielgeschwindigkeit eine zusätzliche Zufuhr von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer oder eine zeitweilige Begrenzung des Abströmens des zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens des in der zweiten Arbeitskammer enthaltenen Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird eine vorteilhafte dynamische Anpassung des Arbeitssystems an sich ändernde Randbedingungen wie die Änderung der Bewegungswiderstände für Aktorglied und/oder Last oder die Änderung der Masse der Last gewährleistet.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that, during the movement between the start position and the target position, the speed of the actuator member is checked by the control device in order to provide an additional supply of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber or at deviations from the predefinable target speed To allow temporary limitation of the outflow of the second predetermined volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber. As a result, an advantageous dynamic adaptation of the work system to changing boundary conditions such as the change of the movement resistance for actuator member and / or load or the change in the mass of the load is ensured.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass das Abströmen des zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens des in der zweiten Arbeitskammer enthaltenen Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer ungedrosselt erfolgt. Die Drosselwirkung beim Abströmen des Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer beschränkt sich in vorteilhafter Weise auf die nicht gänzlich zu eliminierende Fluidreibung in der Ventileinrichtung und in den Fluidleitern, bei denen es sich insbesondere um Fluidschläuche handeln kann. Bei einem derartigen, zumindest nahezu ungedrosselten Abströmen des Fluids treten somit keine nennenswerten Fluidreibungsverluste auf, die ansonsten die Energieeffizienz für das Arbeitssystem verschlechtern würden. Dies ist insbesondere für das Abströmen des Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer bei Annäherung des Aktorglieds an die Zielposition vorteilhaft, kann jedoch auch von Bedeutung sein, wenn während der Beschleunigungsphase für das Aktorglied ein Abströmen von Fluid aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer vorgesehen sein sollte.In an advantageous development of the method, it is provided that the outflow of the second predeterminable volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber takes place unthrottled. The throttling effect during the outflow of the fluid from the second working chamber is limited in an advantageous manner to the fluid friction which can not be completely eliminated in the valve device and in the fluid conductors, which may in particular be fluid hoses. In such, at least almost unthrottled outflow of the fluid thus occur no significant fluid friction losses, which would otherwise worsen the energy efficiency of the work system. This is advantageous in particular for the outflow of the fluid from the second working chamber when the actuator member approaches the target position, but may also be significant if an outflow of fluid from the second working chamber should be provided for the actuator member during the acceleration phase.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung die Ventileinrichtung für eine Bereitstellung eines ersten vorgebbaren Volumens eines druckbeaufschlagten Fluids an die erste Arbeitskammer und für ein Abströmen eines zweiten vorgebbaren Volumens eines in der zweiten Arbeitskammer enthaltenen Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer derart ansteuert, dass ein gemittelter Druck aus Druckwerten der beiden Arbeitskammern zu Beginn und zum Ende einer Bewegung des Aktorglieds auf einem Druckniveau liegt, das weniger als 30 Prozent, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 Prozent, insbesondere weniger als 10 Prozent, eines an der Ventileinrichtung anliegenden Versorgungsdrucks beträgt. Für eine signifikante Einsparung von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid und eine damit verbundene Effizienzsteigerung beim Betreiben eines entsprechenden Arbeitssystems ist es von Bedeutung, dass der gemittelte Druck aus Druckwerten der beiden Arbeitskammern, der auch als Mitteldruck bezeichnet wird, vor der Bereitstellung des ersten Volumens des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids an die erste Arbeitskammer und nach dem Erreichen der Zielposition durch das Aktorglied auf einem möglichst geringen Druckniveau liegt. Dieses Druckniveau liegt vorteilhafterweise erheblich unter dem halben Versorgungsdruck, der an die Ventileinrichtung bereitgestellt wird.In an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the control device controls the valve device for providing a first predeterminable volume of a pressurized fluid to the first working chamber and for discharging a second predeterminable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber from the second working chamber, in that an averaged pressure from pressure values of the two working chambers at the beginning and end of a movement of the actuator member is at a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent, of a supply pressure applied to the valve device. For a significant savings in pressurized fluid and associated efficiency increase in operating a corresponding work system, it is important that the averaged pressure from pressure values of the two working chambers, which is also referred to as medium pressure, before providing the first volume of the pressurized fluid to the first working chamber and after reaching the target position by the actuator member is at the lowest possible pressure level. This pressure level is advantageously considerably less than half the supply pressure which is provided to the valve device.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass der gemittelte Druck durch Zufuhr eines ersten Volumens druckbeaufschlagten Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer auf einen ersten Maximalwert ansteigt und zum Zeitpunkt der Freigabe des in der zweiten Arbeitskammer durch die Bewegung des Aktorglieds komprimierten Fluids einen zweiten Maximalwert einnimmt und zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Maximalwert zeitweilig ein Druckniveau erreicht, das weniger als 30 Prozent, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 Prozent, insbesondere weniger als 10 Prozent, eines an der Ventileinrichtung anliegenden Versorgungsdrucks beträgt. Dieser Verlauf des Mitteldrucks, der eine besonders energieeffiziente Betriebsweise für das Arbeitssystem ermöglicht, ist dann gewährleistet, wenn nur zu Beginn der Bewegung des Aktorglieds druckbeaufschlagtes Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer bereitgestellt wird und der gesamte übrige Bewegungsablauf des Aktorglieds und der damit gekoppelten Last ohne weitere Zufuhr von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die erste oder zweite Arbeitskammer erfolgt. Sofern bei Erreichen der Zielposition eine vorgebbare Haltekraft vom Aktorglied auf die Last ausgeübt werden soll und zu diesem Zweck kurz vor dem Erreichen oder nach dem Erreichen der Zielposition eine weitere Zufuhr druckbeaufschlagten Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer erfolgen sollte, ist das hierzu vorgesehene dritte Volumen des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids so gewählt, dass nur eine moderate Erhöhung des Mittendrucks eintritt, die die vorstehenden Intervallgrenzen nicht überschreitet.In a further embodiment of the method it is provided that the average pressure increases by supplying a first volume of pressurized fluid in the first working chamber to a first maximum value and at the time of release of the compressed in the second working chamber by the movement of the Aktorglieds fluid occupies a second maximum value and between the first and the second maximum value temporarily reaches a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent, of a voltage applied to the valve device supply pressure. This course of the medium pressure, which enables a particularly energy-efficient operation of the work system, is ensured if only at the beginning of the movement of Aktorglieds pressurized fluid is provided in the first working chamber and the rest of the movement of the Aktorglieds and the load coupled thereto without further supply pressurized fluid into the first or second working chamber. If, upon reaching the target position, a predeterminable holding force is to be exerted by the actuator member on the load and for this purpose a further supply of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber should take place shortly before reaching or after reaching the target position, the third volume of the pressurized medium is provided for this purpose Fluids are selected so that only a moderate increase in the center pressure occurs that does not exceed the above interval limits.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann beispielsweise mit einem Arbeitssystem durchgeführt werden. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass das Arbeitssystem zur Bereitstellung einer Stellbewegung eines Aktors einen Aktor mit einem Aktorgehäuse und einem im Aktorgehäuse beweglich aufgenommenes Aktorglied umfasst, wobei das Aktorgehäuse und das Aktorglied eine erste und mindestens eine zweite Arbeitskammer bestimmen, die jeweils separat druckbeaufschlagbar sind und die zur Bereitstellung von einander entgegengesetzt wirkenden Aktorkräften auf das Aktorglied ausgebildet sind. Ferner umfasst das Arbeitssystem eine Ventileinrichtung, die zur separaten Ansteuerung der beiden Arbeitskammern ausgebildet ist, sowie eine Steuereinrichtung zur Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung für die Durchführung eines der Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 ausgebildet ist.The inventive method can be carried out for example with a work system. It is provided that the work system for providing an actuating movement of an actuator comprises an actuator with an actuator housing and a Aktorgehäuse movably received actuator member, the actuator housing and the Aktorglied determine a first and at least one second working chamber, which are each pressurizable separately and the Provision of opposing acting Actuator forces are formed on the actuator member. Furthermore, the operating system comprises a valve device, which is designed for the separate control of the two working chambers, and a control device for controlling the valve device. It is provided that the control device is designed for carrying out one of the methods according to one of claims 1 to 11.

Zweckmäßig ist es, wenn die Ventileinrichtung wenigstens eine Anordnung aus vier 2/2-Wegeventilen umfasst, die jeweils einen ersten und einen zweiten Fluidanschluss und ein bewegliches Ventilglied für die Einstellung eines freien Fluidkanalquerschnitts zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Fluidanschluss aufweisen, wobei die vier 2/2-Wegeventile in einer Vollbrückenanordnung miteinander verschaltet sind, bei der die ersten Fluidanschlüsse des ersten und des zweiten 2/2-Wegeventils mit einer Fluidquelle verbindbar sind, der zweite Fluidanschluss des ersten 2/2-Wegeventils und der erste Fluidanschluss des vierten 2/2-Wegeventils mit der ersten Arbeitskammer verbunden sind, der zweite Fluidanschluss des zweiten 2/2-Wegeventils und der erste Fluidanschluss des dritten 2/2-Wegeventils mit der zweiten Arbeitskammer verbunden sind und die zweiten Fluidanschlüsse des dritten und des vierten 2/2-Wegeventils mit einem Entlüftungskanal verbunden sind. Mit einer derartigen Anordnung von 2/2-Wegeventilen kann eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Ventiltypen zur Ansteuerung der Arbeitskammern nachgebildet werden, insbesondere können jeweils den Arbeitskammern zugeordnete 3/3-Wegeventile nachgebildet werden, die für eine separate Ansteuerung der ersten und der zweiten Arbeitskammer eingesetzt werden können.It is expedient if the valve device comprises at least one arrangement of four 2/2-way valves, each having a first and a second fluid port and a movable valve member for adjusting a free fluid channel cross section between the first and the second fluid port, wherein the four / 2-way valves are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement, in which the first fluid ports of the first and second 2/2-way valve are connectable to a fluid source, the second fluid port of the first 2/2-way valve and the first fluid port of the fourth 2 / 2-way valve are connected to the first working chamber, the second fluid port of the second 2/2-way valve and the first fluid port of the third 2/2-way valve are connected to the second working chamber and the second fluid ports of the third and the fourth 2/2 Directional valve are connected to a vent channel. With such an arrangement of 2/2-way valves, a plurality of different valve types for controlling the working chambers can be modeled, in particular, each of the working chambers associated 3/3-way valves can be modeled, which are used for a separate control of the first and the second working chamber can.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn zwischen der ersten Arbeitskammer und der zweiten Arbeitskammer ein Verbindungskanal ausgebildet ist, in dem ein von der Steuereinrichtung individuell zwischen einer Sperrstellung und einer Freigabestellung umschaltbares, insbesondere als 2/2-Wegeventil ausgebildetes, Ventilmittel zur Beeinflussung eines freien Querschnitts des Verbindungskanals angeordnet ist, um eine kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Arbeitskammer zeitweilig freizugeben. Der Verbindungskanal kann insbesondere dann zeitweilig freigegeben werden, wenn sich nach der Zufuhr des ersten Volumens des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids in die erste Arbeitskammer herausstellen sollte, dass die Zielgeschwindigkeit für das Aktorglied und die damit gekoppelte Last überschritten wurde und somit eine stärkere Abbremsung des Aktorglieds erforderlich ist, die ansonsten durch direkte Einleitung von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die zweite Arbeitskammer sichergestellt werden müsste.It is advantageous if between the first working chamber and the second working chamber, a connecting channel is formed, in which one of the control means individually switchable between a blocking position and a release position, in particular, a valve means configured as a 2/2-way valve for influencing a free cross section of the connection channel is arranged to temporarily release a communicating connection between the first and the second working chamber. The connecting channel can be released temporarily, in particular, if after the supply of the first volume of the pressurized fluid into the first working chamber it should turn out that the target speed for the actuator member and the load coupled thereto has been exceeded and thus a greater deceleration of the actuator member is required, which would otherwise have to be ensured by direct introduction of pressurized fluid into the second working chamber.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Dabei zeigt:

Figur 1
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines gesteuerten Arbeitssystems mit einem Aktor, einer Last, einer Ventileinrichtung und einer Steuereinrichtung,
Figur 2
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines geregelten Arbeitssystems mit einem Aktor, einer Last, einer Ventileinrichtung und einer Steuereinrichtung,
Figur 3
eine Zusammenstellung von Diagrammen, die wesentliche Kennwerte wie Weg, Geschwindigkeit, Kammerdrücke, Kräfte und Fluidverbrauch in einem ersten Anwendungsfall, bei dem eine verschwindende Haltekraft in der Zielposition vorgesehen ist, darstellen,
Figur 4
eine Zusammenstellung von Diagrammen, die wesentliche Kennwerte wie Weg, Geschwindigkeit, Kammerdrücke, Kräfte und Fluidverbrauch in einem zweiten Anwendungsfall, bei dem eine vorgebbare Haltekraft in der Zielposition vorgesehen ist, darstellen,
Figur 5
ein Diagramm mit Kraftverläufen von unterschiedlich betriebenen Arbeitssystemen und
Figur 6
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild für eine aus 2/2-Wegeventilen aufgebaute Ventileinrichtung.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawing. Showing:
FIG. 1
1 is a schematic block diagram of a controlled work system with an actuator, a load, a valve device and a control device;
FIG. 2
1 is a schematic block diagram of a controlled work system with an actuator, a load, a valve device and a control device;
FIG. 3
a compilation of diagrams showing essential characteristics such as travel, speed, chamber pressures, forces and fluid consumption in a first application in which a vanishing holding force is provided in the target position,
FIG. 4
a compilation of diagrams showing essential parameters such as travel, speed, chamber pressures, forces and fluid consumption in a second application, in which a predeterminable holding force is provided in the target position, represent,
FIG. 5
a diagram with force curves of differently operated work systems and
FIG. 6
a schematic block diagram of a constructed from 2/2-way valves valve device.

Ein in der Figur 1 schematisch dargestelltes Arbeitssystem 1 umfasst einen exemplarisch als doppeltwirkenden Pneumatikzylinder ausgebildeten Aktor 2. Der Aktor 2 weist ein Aktorgehäuse 3 auf, in dem eine Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, in der ein als Kolben ausgebildetes Aktorglied 4 linearbeweglich aufgenommen ist. Das Aktorglied 4 ist mit einer Kolbenstange 5 verbunden, die ihrerseits mit einer Last 6 gekoppelt ist. Das Aktorgehäuse 3 und das Aktorglied 4 bestimmen zwei fluidisch voneinander getrennte Arbeitskammern 7, 8. Die Arbeitskammern 7, 8 können jeweils separat voneinander mit Hilfe einer Ventileinrichtung 9, die exemplarisch zwei 3/3-Wegeventile 10, 11 umfasst, mit druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid von einer Fluidquelle 12 versorgt werden. Ferner können die Arbeitskammer 7, 8 mittels der 3/3-Wegeventile 10, 11 jeweils gesperrt werden, so dass kein Fluidstrom aus der jeweiligen Arbeitskammer 7, 8 oder in die jeweilige Arbeitskammer 7, 8 möglich ist. Desweiteren können die 3/3-Wegeventile 10, 11 jeweils derart geschaltet werden, dass ein Abströmen von Fluid aus den Arbeitskammern 7, 8 zu einem Ausgang, beispielsweise einem Entlüftungsausgang 14, ermöglicht wird. Für eine Beeinflussung der Stellung des jeweiligen 3/3-Wegeventils 10, 11 ist eine Steuereinrichtung 15 vorgesehen, die elektrische Leistung an Magnetantriebe 16, 17 der 3/3-Wegeventile 10, 11 bereitstellen kann, um diese zwischen den unterschiedlichen Schaltstellungen zu bewegen. Ferner ist die Steuereinrichtung 15 elektrisch mit zwei jeweils endseitig am Aktorgehäuse 3 angebrachten Endlagensensoren 18, 19 verbunden, die ein elektrisches Signal an die Steuereinrichtung 15 bereitstellen, sobald das Aktorglied 4 in einer von jeweiligen Endlagensensor 18, 19 überwachten Zielposition längs einer Bewegungsachse 20 angekommen ist.An Indian FIG. 1 schematically illustrated work system 1 comprises an exemplary designed as a double-acting pneumatic cylinder actuator 2. The actuator 2 has an actuator housing 3, in which a recess is formed, in which a trained as a piston actuator member 4 is received linearly movable. The actuator member 4 is connected to a piston rod 5, which in turn is coupled to a load 6. The actuator housing 3 and the actuator member 4 define two fluidly separated working chambers 7, 8. The working chambers 7, 8 can each separately with the help of a valve device 9, the example of two 3/3-way valves 10, 11, with pressurized fluid from a Fluid source 12 are supplied. Furthermore, the working chamber 7, 8 can be locked by means of the 3/3-way valves 10, 11, so that no fluid flow from the respective working chamber 7, 8 or in the respective working chamber 7, 8 is possible. Furthermore, the 3/3-way valves 10, 11 are each connected in such a way that an outflow of fluid from the working chambers 7, 8 to an output, such as a vent outlet 14, is possible. For influencing the position of the respective 3/3-way valve 10, 11, a control device 15 is provided which can provide electrical power to the magnetic drives 16, 17 of the 3/3-way valves 10, 11 to move them between the different switching positions. Furthermore, the control device 15 is electrically connected to two respective end-face sensors 18, 19 attached to the actuator housing 3, which provide an electrical signal to the control device 15 as soon as the actuator member 4 has arrived along a movement axis 20 in a target position monitored by respective end position sensor 18, 19.

Das Arbeitssystem 1, bei dem eine zeitgesteuerte Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung 9 durch die Steuereinrichtung 15 vorgesehen ist, kann insbesondere bei konstanten Randbedingungen, also konstanter Last 6, konstanten Reibungsbedingungen für das Aktorglied 4 und die Last 6 und gleichbleibenden Anforderungen an die Haltekraft auf das Aktorglied 4 in der Zielposition betrieben werden. Nähere Angaben zur möglichen Betriebsweise für das Arbeitssystem 1 ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung zu den Figuren 3 und 4.The work system 1, in which a time-controlled control of the valve device 9 is provided by the control device 15, in particular at constant boundary conditions, ie constant load 6, constant friction conditions for the actuator member 4 and the load 6 and constant demands on the holding force on the actuator member. 4 be operated in the target position. Further details on the possible operation of the work system 1 will become apparent from the following description of the Figures 3 and 4 ,

Das in der Figur 2 dargestellte Arbeitssystem 51, bei dem Komponenten, die funktionsgleich mit Komponenten des Arbeitssystems 1 sind, mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind, unterscheidet sich vom Arbeitssystem 1 dadurch, dass die Ventileinrichtung 59 zwei 3/3-Proportionalwegeventile 60, 61 umfasst und dass dem Aktorgehäuse 3 zusätzlich zu den Endlagensensoren 18, 19 ein Wegmesssystem 71 zugeordnet ist, mit dem jede Stellung des Aktorglieds 4 längs des Bewegungswegs 20 ermittelt werden kann. Ferner ist die Steuereinrichtung 65 für eine Regelung der Fluidzufuhr und des Abströmens von Fluid in die Arbeitskammern 7, 8 bzw. aus den Arbeitskammern 7, 8 ausgebildet.That in the FIG. 2 illustrated work system 51, in which components which are functionally identical to components of the work system 1, are provided with the same reference numerals, differs from the work system 1 in that the valve means 59 comprises two 3/3-way proportional directional control valves 60, 61 and that the actuator housing. 3 in addition to the end position sensors 18, 19, a displacement measuring system 71 is assigned, with which each position of the actuator member 4 along the movement path 20 can be determined. Furthermore, the control device 65 is designed for regulating the fluid supply and the outflow of fluid into the working chambers 7, 8 or from the working chambers 7, 8.

Das Arbeitssystem 51, bei dem Regelung der Ventileinrichtung 59 durch die Steuereinrichtung 65 vorgesehen ist, kann insbesondere bei variierenden Randbedingungen, also variierender Last 6 und/oder variierenden Reibungsbedingungen für das Aktorglied 4 und die Last 6 und/oder wechselnden Anforderungen an die Haltekraft auf das Aktorglied 4 in der jeweiligen Zielposition betrieben werden.The work system 51, is provided in the regulation of the valve device 59 by the control device 65, in particular at varying boundary conditions, ie varying load 6 and / or varying friction conditions for the actuator member 4 and the load 6 and / or changing demands on the holding force on the Actuator 4 are operated in the respective target position.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 sind exemplarische Verläufe einiger wesentlicher Kennwerte wie der Weg des Aktorglieds 4 und der Last 6, der Geschwindigkeit des Aktorglieds 4 und der Last 6, der Kammerdrücke in den Arbeitskammern 7 und 8, der resultierenden Kräfte auf die Last 6 und dem Fluidverbrauch beim Betrieb des jeweiligen Arbeitssystems 1, 51 dargestellt.In the Figures 3 and 4 are exemplary characteristics of some essential characteristics such as the travel of the actuator member 4 and the load 6, the speed of the actuator member 4 and the load 6, the chamber pressures in the working chambers 7 and 8, the resulting forces on the load 6 and the fluid consumption in the operation of each Work system 1, 51 shown.

Dabei ist bei dem in Figur 3 dargestellten ersten Anwendungsfall eine verschwindende Haltekraft auf die Last 6 in der Zielposition vorgesehen, während bei dem in Figur 4 dargestellten zweiten Anwendungsfall eine vorgebbare Haltekraft auf die Last 6 in der Zielposition vorgesehen ist. Sämtliche in den Figuren 3 und 4 angeführten Angaben zu den dargestellten Kennwerten sind rein exemplarisch zu verstehen.It is in the in FIG. 3 illustrated first application case provided a vanishing holding force on the load 6 in the target position, while in the in FIG. 4 shown second application, a predetermined holding force is provided on the load 6 in the target position. All in the Figures 3 and 4 cited information on the characteristics shown are purely exemplary.

Aus dem Wegdiagramm der Figur 3 kann entnommen werden, dass das Aktorglied 4 und die damit gekoppelte Last 6 ausgehend von einer Startposition bei 0 Metern bis zum Erreichen der Zielposition einen Weg von ca. 0,5 Meter zurücklegt. Dieser Weg wird innerhalb von ca. 0,4 Sekunden zurückgelegt, wobei aus dem Geschwindigkeitsschaubild der Figur 3 entnommen werden kann, dass auf einen zunächst raschen Geschwindigkeitsanstieg eine nahezu ebenso rasche Abbremsung des Aktorglieds 4 und der Last 6 folgt. Die dem Geschwindigkeitsanstieg zugrundeliegende hohe Beschleunigung des Aktorglieds 4 und der Last 6 resultiert aus einer Bereitstellung eines ersten Volumens druckbeaufschlagten Fluids in die erste Arbeitskammer 7, die aus der Druckverlaufskurve pa im Druckdiagramm zu entnehmen ist, die wie alle weiteren Druckverlaufskurven als Absolutdruckkurve aufgetragen ist, und daraus, dass in der zweitem Arbeitskammer 8, deren Druck durch die Druckverlaufskurve pb dargestellt wird, lediglich ein niedriges Druckniveau aus dem vorausgegangenen Bewegungsablauf vorliegt, so dass die Bewegung des Aktorglieds 4 nur minimal gehemmt wird. Der Mitteldruck pm, der sich durch Mittelung der jeweiligen Druckwerte aus den beiden Arbeitskammern 7, 8 ergibt, beträgt zu Beginn und zum Ende der Bewegung des Aktorglieds 4 einen Bruchteil des Versorgungsdrucks, der an der Ventileinrichtung 9, 59 anliegt, exemplarisch weniger als 20 Prozent des Versorgungsdrucks gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 4.From the route diagram of FIG. 3 can be seen that the actuator member 4 and the load 6 coupled thereto, starting from a starting position at 0 meters to reach the target position travels a distance of about 0.5 meters. This path is covered within about 0.4 seconds, from the speed diagram of the FIG. 3 It can be seen that an almost equally rapid deceleration of the actuator member 4 and the load 6 follows an initially rapid increase in speed. The high acceleration of the actuator member 4 and the load 6, which underlies the speed increase, results from providing a first volume of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber 7, which can be seen from the pressure curve pa in the pressure diagram, which is plotted as an absolute pressure curve like all other pressure curves from the fact that in the second working chamber 8, whose pressure is represented by the pressure curve pb, there is only a low pressure level from the previous course of motion, so that the movement of the actuator 4 is only minimally inhibited. The mean pressure pm, which results from the averaging of the respective pressure values from the two working chambers 7, 8, is at the beginning and end of the movement of the Aktorglieds 4 a fraction of the supply pressure applied to the valve means 9, 59, exemplarily less than 20 percent of the supply pressure according to the illustration of FIG. 4 ,

Exemplarisch ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t=0 und einem Zeitpunkt t=t1 die Zufuhr des vorgebbaren Volumens des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 erfolgt. Ferner ist exemplarisch vorgesehen, dass die Ventileinrichtung 9, 59 von der Steuereinrichtung 15, 65 derart angesteuert wird, dass aus der zweite Arbeitskammer 8 vom Zeitpunkt t=t0 bis zum Zeitpunkt t=t2 Fluid abströmen kann. Durch diese Maßnahme kann einerseits ein in der zweiten Arbeitskammer zum Zeitpunkt t=t0 vorhandender Restdruck abgebaut werden, zum anderen kann dadurch zumindest weitgehend ein durch die Verkleinerung des Volumens der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 stattfindender Druckaufbau in der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 vermieden werden, der die Kraftentfaltung auf das Aktorglied 4 durch die Druckeinleitung in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 hemmen würde.By way of example, it is provided that the supply of the predeterminable volume of the pressurized fluid into the first working chamber 7 takes place between the time t = 0 and a time t = t1. Furthermore, it is provided by way of example that the valve device 9, 59 is controlled by the control device 15, 65 such that fluid can flow out of the second working chamber 8 from the time t = t0 to the time t = t2. By this measure, on the one hand, a residual pressure present in the second working chamber at time t = t0 can be avoided, and on the other hand, pressure build-up in the second working chamber 8, which takes place through the reduction of the volume of the second working chamber 8, can be avoided the actuator member 4 would inhibit by the pressure introduction into the first working chamber 7.

Ab dem Zeitpunkt t=t2 bis zu einem Zeitpunkt t=t3 wird ein Abströmen von Fluid aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 von der jeweiligen Ventileinrichtung 9, 59 unterbunden, um eine Abbremsung des Aktorglieds 4 und der Last 6 durch Kompression des in der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 eingeschlossenen Fluidvolumens zu bewirken. Nach dem Zeitpunkt t=t3 wird die zweite Arbeitskammer 8 wieder freigegeben, so dass das Fluid wieder abströmen kann.From the time t = t2 up to a time t = t3, an outflow of fluid from the second working chamber 8 is prevented by the respective valve device 9, 59 to a deceleration of the actuator member 4 and the load 6 by compression of the in the second working chamber eighth To cause trapped fluid volume. After the time t = t3, the second working chamber 8 is released again, so that the fluid can flow out again.

Aus dem zugehörigen Kraftdiagramm gemäß der Figur 3 kann die auf vom Aktorglied 4 an die Last 6 bereitgestellte Kraft entnommen werden. Diese steigt zunächst durch die Bereitstellung des druckbeaufschlagten Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 auf einen Maximalwert an, um dann anschließend nach Beendigung der Fluidzufuhr in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 aufgrund der zunehmenden Vergrößerung des Volumens der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 und des dadurch sinkenden Drucks in der erste Arbeitskammer 7 wieder auf Null abzusinken. Nachdem bei ca. t=0,2 Sekunden in beiden Arbeitskammern 7, 8 der gleiche Druck vorliegt, wodurch die resultierende Kraft auf die Last 6 verschwindet, wird anschließend durch den weiteren Druckabfall in der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 und den Druckanstieg in der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 eine Bremskraft auf das Aktorglied 4 und die Last 6 ausgeübt. Diese Bremskraft nimmt ab dem Zeitpunkt t=t2 zunächst stark zu, da das ab diesem Zeitpunkt in der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 eingeschlossene Fluid schnell verdichtet wird. Anschließend nimmt die Bremskraft ab dem Zeitpunkt t=t3 aufgrund der Ansteuerung der Ventileinrichtung 9; 59 und des damit bewirkten Abströmens des Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 wieder rasch ab.From the associated force diagram according to the FIG. 3 can be taken from the power provided by the actuator 4 to the load 6. This first increases by the provision of the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber 7 to a maximum value, and then subsequently after completion of the fluid supply into the first working chamber 7 due the increasing increase in the volume of the first working chamber 7 and the thus decreasing pressure in the first working chamber 7 to fall back to zero. After approximately t = 0.2 seconds in both working chambers 7, 8, the same pressure is present, whereby the resulting force on the load 6 disappears, is then by the further pressure drop in the first working chamber 7 and the pressure increase in the second working chamber. 8 a braking force on the actuator member 4 and the load 6 exerted. This braking force initially increases greatly from the time t = t2, since the fluid trapped in the second working chamber 8 from this point on is rapidly compressed. Subsequently, the braking force decreases from the time t = t3 due to the activation of the valve device 9; 59 and thus caused effluence of the fluid from the second working chamber 8 again quickly.

Bei dem in der Figur 3 dargestellten Anwendungsfall sind die Zufuhr des ersten Volumens des druckbeaufschlagten Fluids in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 und das Abströmen des zweiten Volumens des Fluids aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass sich nach der vollständigen Abbremsung des Aktorglieds 4 und der gekoppelten Last 6 eine verschwindende, also gegen Null gehende oder Null betragende Haltekraft einstellt, wie auch dem Kraftdiagramm der Figur 3 entnommen werden kann. Ferner ist lediglich eine einmalige Zufuhr von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 vorgesehen, wie insbesondere aus dem Luftverbrauchsdiagramm der Figur 3 entnommen werden kann, das ab dem Zeitpunkt t=t1 keine weitere Fluidzufuhr mehr zeigt.In the in the FIG. 3 illustrated application, the supply of the first volume of the pressurized fluid in the first working chamber 7 and the outflow of the second volume of the fluid from the second working chamber 8 are coordinated such that after complete deceleration of the Aktorglieds 4 and the coupled load 6 is a vanishing, So sets to zero going or zero amount of holding force, as well as the force diagram of FIG. 3 can be removed. Furthermore, only a single supply of pressurized fluid is provided in the first working chamber 7, in particular from the air consumption diagram of FIG. 3 can be removed, which from the time t = t1 shows no further fluid supply.

Der Anwendungsfall gemäß der Figur 4 unterscheidet sich vom Anwendungsfall gemäß der Figur 3 dadurch, dass zu einem Zeitpunkt t=t4, zu dem das Aktorglied 4 zumindest nahezu die Zielposition erreicht hat, nochmals eine Zufuhr von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid in die erste Arbeitskammer 7 vorgenommen wird, um einen von Null abweichenden Zieldruck in der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 und damit eine Haltekraft auf das Aktorglied 4 zu gewährleisten. Diese zusätzliche Fluidzufuhr zum Zeitpunkt t=t4 ist insbesondere dem Luftverbrauchsdiagramm der Figur 4 zu entnehmen. Die resultierende, im Gegensatz zur Betriebsweise gemäß Figur 3 von Null abweichende Haltekraft Fh auf das Aktorglied 4 ist dem Kraftdiagramm der Figur 4 zu entnehmen.The application according to the FIG. 4 differs from the application according to the FIG. 3 in that, at a point in time t = t4 at which the actuator element 4 has at least almost reached the target position, a supply of pressurized fluid into the first working chamber 7 is performed again, by a target pressure deviating from zero in the first Working chamber 7 and thus to ensure a holding force on the actuator member 4. This additional fluid supply at the time t = t4 is in particular the air consumption diagram of FIG. 4 refer to. The resulting, contrary to the operation according to FIG. 3 deviating from zero holding force Fh on the actuator member 4 is the force diagram of FIG. 4 refer to.

Aus der Figur 5 gehen die bereits aus den Figuren 3 und 4 bekannten Kraftverläufe für die beiden zu diesen Figuren geschilderten Anwendungsfälle hervor. Ferner zeigt die Figur 5 auch einen Kraftverlauf für ein Arbeitssystem, das in herkömmlicher Weise betrieben wird. Als erster Unterschied zwischen der Kraftverlaufskurve 30 gemäß der Figur 3, der Kraftverlaufskurve 31 gemäß der Figur 4 und der Kraftverlaufskurve 32 gemäß einer herkömmlichen Betriebsweise für ein Arbeitssystem fällt auf, dass unter der Zugrundelegung gleicher Randbedingungen, insbesondere des gleichen Versorgungsdrucks, ausgehend vom Startzeitpunkt (0 Sekunden) die resultierende Kraft auf das Aktorglied bei der Kraftverlaufskurve 32 aufgrund der vorausgegangenen Beaufschlagung der entsprechenden Arbeitskammer mit dem vollen Versorgungsdruck auf einem erheblich tieferen Niveau startet als die Kraftverlaufskurven 30, 31, bei denen entweder eine verschwindende Haltekraft (Kraftverlaufskurve 30) oder eine geringe vorgebbare Haltekraft (Kraftverlaufskurve 31) überwunden werden muss. Da diejenige Arbeitskammer des Aktors, die gemäß der Kraftverlaufskurve 32 mit dem vollen Versorgungsdruck beaufschlagt war, für die weiteren Betrachtungen als zweite Arbeitskammer angesehen werden soll, stellt sich bei der Kraftverlaufskurve 32 aufgrund des ab dem Startzeitpunkt erfolgenden Abströmens von druckbeaufschlagtem Fluid aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer trotz der zu diesem Zeitpunkt erfolgenden Druckbeaufschlagung der ersten Arbeitskammer nur ein niedrigeres Kraftniveau ein, als dies bei den beiden anderen Kraftverlaufskurven 30, 31 der Fall ist, da das Volumen des aus der zweiten Arbeitskammer abzuführenden und die Kraftentfaltung hemmenden Fluids erheblich größer als bei den beiden Betriebsweisen ist, wie sie in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellt sind. Ferner ist aus der Kraftverlaufskurve 32 zu entnehmen, dass bei Erreichen der Zielposition ein Kraftaufbau auf die vom Aktor bei gegebenem Versorgungsdruck bereitstellbare Maximalkraft stattfindet, während bei den Betriebsweisen gemäß den Kraftverlaufskurven 30, 31 entweder keine Haltekraft in der Zielposition vorgesehen ist bzw. nur eine gewisse Haltekraft in der Zielposition vorliegt.From the FIG. 5 they are already out of the Figures 3 and 4 Known force curves for the two applications described to these figures. Furthermore, the shows FIG. 5 also a force curve for a work system, which is operated in a conventional manner. As a first difference between the force curve 30 according to the FIG. 3 , the force curve 31 according to FIG. 4 and the force curve 32 according to a conventional operating system operating mode, it is noticeable that, assuming equal boundary conditions, especially the same supply pressure, starting from the starting time (0 seconds) on the actuator member in the force curve 32 due to the previous loading of the corresponding working chamber starts with the full supply pressure at a significantly lower level than the force curves 30, 31, in which either a vanishing holding force (force curve 30) or a small predetermined holding force (force curve 31) must be overcome. Since that working chamber of the actuator, which was acted upon according to the force curve 32 with the full supply pressure is to be regarded as a second working chamber for further considerations, arises in the force curve 32 due to taking place from the start time outflow of pressurized fluid from the second working chamber despite the taking place at this time pressurization of the first working chamber only a lower level of force than in the two other force curves 30, 31 of the The case is because the volume of the fluid to be discharged from the second working chamber and inhibiting the power development is considerably larger than in the two modes of operation as shown in FIGS Figures 3 and 4 are shown. Furthermore, it can be seen from the force curve 32 that upon reaching the target position, a force build-up on the maximum force provided by the actuator at a given supply pressure takes place, while in the modes of operation according to the force curves 30, 31 either no holding force is provided in the target position or only a certain amount Holding force in the target position is present.

In der Figur 6 ist eine Ventileinrichtung 40 dargestellt, die grundsätzlich als Anordnung vier 2/2-Wegeventilen 41, 42, 43 44 ausgebildet ist. Jedes der 2/2-Wegeventile 41, 42, 43 44 umfasst einen ersten und einen zweiten Fluidanschluss und ein nicht näher dargestelltes, bewegliches Ventilglied für die Einstellung eines freien Fluidkanalquerschnitts zwischen dem jeweiligen ersten und zweiten Fluidanschluss. Die vier 2/2-Wegeventile 41, 42, 43, 44 sind in einer Vollbrückenanordnung miteinander verschaltet, bei der die ersten Fluidanschlüsse des ersten und des zweiten 2/2-Wegeventils 41, 42 mit einer Fluidquelle 45 verbindbar sind, der zweite Fluidanschluss des ersten 2/2-Wegeventils 41 und der erste Fluidanschluss des vierten 2/2-Wegeventils 44 mit der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 verbunden sind, der zweite Fluidanschluss des zweiten 2/2-Wegeventils 42 und der erste Fluidanschluss des dritten 2/2-Wegeventils 43 mit der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 verbunden sind und die zweiten Fluidanschlüsse des dritten und des vierten 2/2-Wegeventils 43, 44 mit einem Entlüftungsausgang 46 verbunden sind. Mit einer derartigen Ventileinrichtung 40 können in einfacher Weise Fluidströme in die Arbeitskammern 7, 8 bzw. aus den Arbeitskammer 7, 8 beeinflusst werden.In the FIG. 6 a valve device 40 is shown, which is basically designed as an arrangement four 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43 44. Each of the 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43 44 includes a first and a second fluid port and a not shown, movable valve member for adjusting a free fluid channel cross-section between the respective first and second fluid port. The four 2/2-way valves 41, 42, 43, 44 are interconnected in a full bridge arrangement in which the first fluid ports of the first and second 2/2-way valve 41, 42 are connectable to a fluid source 45, the second fluid port of first 2/2-way valve 41 and the first fluid port of the fourth 2/2-way valve 44 are connected to the first working chamber 7, the second fluid port of the second 2/2-way valve 42 and the first fluid port of the third 2/2-way valve 43rd are connected to the second working chamber 8 and the second fluid ports of the third and fourth 2/2-way valve 43, 44 are connected to a vent outlet 46. With such a valve device 40, fluid flows into the working chambers 7, 8 or from the working chamber 7, 8 can be influenced in a simple manner.

Fakultativ kann bei der Ventileinrichtung 40 zwischen der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 und der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 ein Verbindungskanal 47 ausgebildet ist, in dem ein von der Steuereinrichtung 48 individuell zwischen einer Sperrstellung und einer Freigabestellung umschaltbares, exemplarisch als 2/2-Wegeventil 49 ausgebildetes Ventilmittel zur Beeinflussung eines freien Querschnitts des Verbindungskanals 47 angeordnet ist, um eine kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen der ersten Arbeitskammer 7 und der zweiten Arbeitskammer 8 zeitweilig freizugeben.Optionally, in the valve device 40 between the first working chamber 7 and the second working chamber 8 a Connecting channel 47 is formed, in which one of the control device 48 individually switchable between a blocking position and a release position, exemplarily designed as 2/2-way valve 49 valve means for influencing a free cross section of the connecting channel 47 is arranged to communicate a communication between the first working chamber 7 and the second working chamber 8 temporarily release.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for the control of a fluidically operable operating system (1; 51) having an actuator (2) with an actuator housing (3) and an actuator member (4) held movably in the actuator housing (3), wherein the actuator housing (3) and the actuator member (4) determine a first and at least one second working chamber (7, 8) which are each separately able to be pressurised and are designed to provide actuator forces acting on the actuator member (4) opposite to one another, and having a valve device (9; 59) designed for separate control of the two working chambers (7, 8), together with a control device (15; 65) to control the valve device (9; 59), characterised in that the control device (15; 65) presets the following steps: control of the valve device (9; 59) to provide a first presettable volume of a pressurised fluid to the first working chamber (7), in order to accelerate the actuator member (7) from a start position to a presettable target speed, wherein the presettable volume is so dimensioned that an amount of energy supplied to the first working chamber (7) via the pressurised fluid is as far as possible exactly sufficient to accelerate the actuator member (4) to the required target speed, control of the valve device (9; 59) to close the first working chamber (7), control of the valve device (9; 59) to allow an outflow from the second working chamber (8) of a second presettable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber (8), so that braking of the actuator member (4) to a presettable target position along the actuator housing (3) is ensured.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the valve device (9; 59) is so controlled during and/or after the braking of the actuator member (4) that the second working chamber (8) is unpressurised in the target position.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the first presettable volume of the pressurised fluid which is supplied to the first working chamber (7) is so dimensioned that in the first working chamber (7), on reaching the target position, a target pressure is present which is presettable and in particular below a supply pressure for the valve device (9; 59).
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the valve device (9; 59) is so controlled that the first working chamber (7), on reaching the target position, is supplied with a third presettable volume of a pressurised fluid, in order to increase the target pressure in the first working chamber (7) at the end of the braking process or after completion of the braking process by a presettable amount.
  5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control device (15; 65) undertakes timed control of the valve device (9; 59) to supply the first presettable volume to the first working chamber (7) and to allow the outflow of a second presettable volume from the second working chamber (8).
  6. Method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the actuator is assigned a pressure measuring device and/or at least one end position sensor (18) and/or a position measuring device (71), and that control, in particular regulation, of the valve device (9; 59) takes place on the basis of measured values supplied to the operating system (1; 51) by the pressure measuring device and/or the end position sensor or sensors (18) and/or the position measuring device (71).
  7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the target position for the actuator member (4) is so chosen that a working volume of the second working chamber (8) is minimal, and that the first volume for the pressurised fluid and second presettable volume for the outflowing fluid is preset so that the actuator member (4) reaches the target position with vanishing, in particular at least almost vanishing speed of movement.
  8. Method according to any of the preceding claims characterised in that, during the movement between the start position and the target position, a check on the speed of the actuator member (4) is made by the control device (65) so that, in the event of deviations from the presettable target speed, an additional supply of pressurised fluid into the first working chamber (7) or a temporary restriction of the outflow from the second working chamber (8) of the second presettable volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber (8) may be facilitated.
  9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outflow from the second working chamber (8) of the second presettable volume of the fluid contained in the second working chamber (8) takes place without restriction.
  10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (15; 65) controls the valve device (9; 59) for provision of a first presettable volume of a pressurised fluid to the first working chamber (7) and for outflow from the second working chamber (8) of a second presettable volume of a fluid contained in the second working chamber (8) in such a way that an averaged pressure of the pressure values of the two working chambers (7, 8), at the start and finish of movement of the actuator member (4), lies at a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent of a supply pressure present at the valve device.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the averaged pressure rises to a first maximum value through the supply of a first volume of pressurised fluid into the first working chamber (7) and, at the time of release of the compressed fluid into the second working chamber (8) through the movement of the actuator member (4), adopts a second maximum value and, between the first and second maximum values, temporarily reaches a pressure level which is less than 30 percent, preferably less than 20 percent, in particular less than 10 percent of a supply pressure present at the valve device.
EP20120002099 2012-03-26 2012-03-26 Method for controlling a work system that can be operated using fluid Active EP2644904B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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EP20120002099 EP2644904B1 (en) 2012-03-26 2012-03-26 Method for controlling a work system that can be operated using fluid
CN201310098292.2A CN103362901B (en) 2012-03-26 2013-03-26 Can the method for work system run of fluid and work system for manipulating

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP20120002099 EP2644904B1 (en) 2012-03-26 2012-03-26 Method for controlling a work system that can be operated using fluid

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EP2644904B1 true EP2644904B1 (en) 2014-11-12

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DE102018118955B4 (en) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-13 Schunk Gmbh & Co. Kg Spann- Und Greiftechnik Method for operating a fluidic device for handling, moving or tensioning objects for determining leaks in the piston and device of this type

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CN103362901B (en) 2016-04-06
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