EP2640513A1 - Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel - Google Patents
Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs dieselInfo
- Publication number
- EP2640513A1 EP2640513A1 EP11785641.9A EP11785641A EP2640513A1 EP 2640513 A1 EP2640513 A1 EP 2640513A1 EP 11785641 A EP11785641 A EP 11785641A EP 2640513 A1 EP2640513 A1 EP 2640513A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- alkali metal
- catalytically active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 33
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 WO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFHGGMBZPXFEOU-UHFFFAOYSA-I azanium;niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XFHGGMBZPXFEOU-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012803 optimization experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a catalyst for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines, and a method for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of diesel engines.
- the exhaust gas from diesel engines contains in addition to the resulting from incomplete combustion of the fuel harmful gases carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) soot particles (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ).
- the exhaust gas from diesel engines contains up to 15% by volume of oxygen. It is known that the oxidizable noxious gases CO and HC can be converted by passing over a suitable oxidation catalyst into harmless carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), and particles can be removed by passing the exhaust gas through a suitable soot particle filter.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- a source for providing the reducing agent, an injection device for the demand-based metering of the reducing agent into the exhaust gas and an SCR catalyst arranged in the flow path of the exhaust gas are necessary.
- the entirety of the reducing agent source, the SCR catalyst and the injector arranged upstream of the SCR catalytic converter is also referred to as the SCR system.
- nitrogen oxide storage catalysts can be used for denitrification of diesel exhaust gases. Their operation is described in detail in SAE SAE 950809.
- the cleaning effect of the nitrogen oxide storage catalysts is based on the fact that in a lean operating phase of the engine, the nitrogen oxides from the feed chermaterial of the storage catalyst are stored mainly in the form of nitrates. In a subsequent rich operating phase of the engine, the previously formed nitrates are decomposed and the released nitrogen oxides are reacted with the reducing exhaust gas components on the storage catalyst to nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water.
- EP 1 203 61 1 discloses an exhaust gas purification device for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides under lean exhaust conditions, comprising at least one catalyst with a catalytically active component for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR component) and additionally at least one nitrogen oxide storage component ( ⁇ component) ,
- SCR component selective catalytically active component for the selective catalytic reduction
- ⁇ component nitrogen oxide storage component
- the catalyst is operated by the urea-SCR process, ie ammonia is used as the reducing agent for nitrogen oxides, which is generated from the lean exhaust gas added urea.
- DE 198 06 062 also discloses a reduction catalytic converter for reducing pollutants in diesel engine exhaust gases, which in its active composition contains, in addition to an SCR catalyst material based on the catalytically active oxides TiO 2 , WO 3 , MoO 3 and V 2 O 5, a ⁇ storage material.
- the NO x storage material contains as active component at least one high-surface-area inorganic oxide, which is preferably selected from the group Al 2 O 3 , Si0 2 , Zr0 2 , zeolites and phyllosilicates.
- EP 0 666 099 describes a process for removing nitrogen oxides from oxidizing exhaust gases, which are passed through a special catalyst which stores the nitrogen oxides, wherein subsequently a reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas, whereby the nitrogen oxides adsorbed in the catalyst are reduced to nitrogen ,
- the catalyst contains inorganic oxides and catalytically active components.
- the catalytically active components comprise on the one hand noble metals selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, and on the other hand at least one alkali and / or alkaline earth metal.
- the catalyst may contain heavy metals selected from manganese, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium or compounds thereof.
- the SCR process for denitrification of diesel exhaust gases for passenger car applications and commercial vehicle application is considered to be the most promising method of purifying nitrogen oxides.
- the temperatures of the exhaust gas to be cleaned which occur in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) are shifting more and more into the colder range, since dosing of urea as the source of the reducing agent ammonia only takes place at temperatures 180 ° C is controlled, without accepting unwanted deposits of urea and secondary products in the exhaust systems, this development of exhaust temperatures to the fact that the SCR process in the so-called “inner city part” (ECE) of the NEDC no longer effective can be used.
- ECE ner city part
- the object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst and an exhaust gas purification process which, compared with the prior art systems, has an improved NO x conversion performance throughout the NEDC-relevant Temperature range, but especially at lower temperatures, for example between 100 and 230 ° C, especially between 100 and 200 ° C, shows.
- a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines comprising a support body of length L and a catalytically active coating comprising one or more material zones
- a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide,
- the particular composition of the catalyst according to the invention has the effect that the nitrogen oxides present in the exhaust gas to be purified can be stored in the catalyst in the form of nitrates at temperatures which are less than or equal to 200.degree.
- nitrogen oxide breakthroughs in the catalyst in temperature ranges in which a urea dosage is not meaningfully possible largely avoided.
- Exceed the exhaust gas temperatures 200 ° C so that the need adapted metering of the reducing agent urea controlled, the stored at colder temperatures in the catalyst nitrogen oxides are released again and selectively reduced with ammonia to nitrogen.
- the NO conversion in the entire NEDC-relevant temperature range but in particular at lower temperatures, e.g. between 100 and 230 ° C, especially between 100 and 200 ° C, compared to systems according to the prior art significantly increased.
- the catalytically active mixed oxide contained in the catalyst according to the invention consists of 15 to 50 wt .-% Ce0 2 , 3 to 25 wt .-% Nb 2 0 5 , 3 to 10 wt .-% rare earth sesquioxide SE 2 0 3 and zirconium oxide Zr0 2 , based on the total amount of this catalytically active mixed oxide.
- the catalytically active mixed oxide contains tungsten oxide, it is preferably composed of 15 to 50 wt .-% Ce0 2 , 3 to 25 wt .-% Nb 2 0 5 , 3 to 10 wt .-% rare earth sesquioxide SE 2 0 3 , 3 bis 20 wt .-% W0 3 and zirconium oxide Zr0 2 , based on the total amount of this catalytically active mixed oxide.
- Seltenerdsesquioxide SE 2 0 3 in particular lanthanum oxide La 2 0 3, yttrium oxide Y 2 0 3, and neodymium oxide Nd 2 0 2 are used.
- Such a material is characterized by an excellent catalytic activity in the SCR reaction.
- this material In contrast to the usual SCR catalysts based on zeolite, this material has only a low ammonia storage capacity, which is very stable on the typical operating and aging conditions occurring in the exhaust system. This requires that the catalyst reacts very flexibly to the different reducing agent supply at a frequently required in automotive application highly dynamic dosing of urea and converts the offered reducing agent very quickly with the nitrogen oxides.
- This improvement in the light-off and turnover behavior in the catalyst according to the invention is synergistically supported by the presence of a nitrogen oxide storage material selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, Alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof.
- a nitrogen oxide storage material selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, Alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof.
- the catalyst according to the invention preferably contains 0.1 to 25% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof on the total amount of the catalyst.
- the catalyst according to the invention particularly preferably contains from 0.2 to 10% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof. based on the total amount of the catalyst. Most preferably, the catalyst of the invention contains 1 to 5 wt .-% barium oxide, based on the total amount of the catalyst.
- the catalyst preferably contains 0.1 to 50% by weight of a magnesium oxide or a magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide in addition to the compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate , Praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate and based on the total amount of the catalyst.
- a magnesium oxide or a magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide in addition to the compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate , Praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate and based on the total amount of the catalyst.
- the catalyst of this embodiment of the invention contains 10 to 40 wt .-%, most preferably 15% to 25 wt .-% magnesium oxide or magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide in addition to the compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate , Strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate and based on the total amount of the catalyst.
- the nitrogen oxides are incorporated with the formation of nitrates in the nitrogen oxide storage material. If the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the catalyst according to the invention exceeds a predetermined value, the metered addition of urea can take place such that the nitrogen oxides stored in the nitrogen oxide storage material are reduced in a very short time with ammonia from urea to nitrogen.
- the availability of the low but fast-working ammonia storage in the mixed oxide according to the invention makes it possible to guide this process in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the catalytically active coating contains in preferred embodiments of the catalyst according to the invention, in addition to the catalytically active mixed oxide, a further oxide or further oxides, in particular a further cerium oxide and / or cerium / zirconium mixed oxide.
- Cerium oxides or cerium / zirconium mixed oxides - especially if they are cerium-rich, ie cerium oxide contents greater than 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably greater 60 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the cerium / zirconium mixed oxide, have - promote the nitrogen oxide storage capacity in the low temperature range up to 200 ° C.
- this additional cerium oxide and / or cerium / zirconium mixed oxide is used as carrier oxide for the compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, Strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures.
- the oxides mentioned are preferably doped or stabilized with other metals.
- Examples of the oxides mentioned are in particular lanthanum-doped aluminum / cerium mixed oxides, cerium / zirconium / praseodymium mixed oxides, cerium / zirconium / lanthanum mixed oxides, cerium oxide and cerium / zirconium mixed oxide.
- Both the speed of the SCR reaction and the effectiveness of the storage of nitrogen oxides in the form of nitrates depend on the NO / N0 2 ratio in the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
- the SCR reaction is fastest when the NO / N0 2 ratio is 1.
- the storage of nitrogen oxides in the form of nitrates proceeds most rapidly in the case of some storage materials such as, for example, barium oxide, if as much of the NO present in the exhaust gas has been previously oxidized to N0 2 .
- the adjustment of the NO / N0 2 ratio in situ on the catalyst surface can take place in a step upstream of the actual target reaction.
- preferred embodiments of the catalyst according to the invention in the catalytically active coating contain one or more noble metals which are selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver and mixtures and / or alloys thereof. Particularly preferred are the platinum group metals platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and mixtures and / or alloys thereof.
- the type and amount of precious metals to be used in the catalytic coating should be selected such that the resulting catalyst does not have any significant ammonia oxidation capability in the application-relevant temperature range. The preferable Selection of precious metals and their concentration is also determined by the overall composition of the catalyst and opens to the expert from the customary optimization experiments.
- the components contained in the catalyst can be present in a homogeneous coating on the support body.
- good de-icing success can be achieved with such embodiments.
- the catalytically active coating consists of two material zones
- the first material zone comprises the catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide
- the compound is selected from the group consisting of barium oxide , Barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof in the second material zone.
- the first material zone comprises the catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide, while the noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium , Ruthenium, gold, silver and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, contained in the second material zone.
- the spatial separation of the noble metal and the SCR reaction catalyzing mixed oxide of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide ensures that the catalyst according to the invention has an excellent selectivity to nitrogen even at higher exhaust gas temperatures in the SCR reaction. As a result, under appropriate operating conditions, little NO x is formed from the overoxidation of excess ammonia.
- Embodiments of the catalyst according to the invention in which two different material zones are present can in principle be configured as layered catalysts or as zone catalysts. To prepare such catalysts, two differently composed coating suspensions are used to provide a preferably used as a support body fürflußwaben redesign of ceramic or metal with the corresponding catalytically active part coatings that form the material zones.
- a catalytically active layer with a correspondingly composed coating suspension is applied over the entire length of the support body according to one of the conventional dipping, suction and / or pumping methods. After drying and optionally calcination of this first layer, the process is repeated with a second, differently composed coating suspension, so that a second catalytically active partial coating (material zone) is formed on the first catalytically active partial coating.
- a material zone is thus applied directly to the support body and covers its entire length L. The other material zone is applied over it and completely covers that material zone on the exhaust side.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of such a layered catalyst
- FIG. 1 b shows schematically a single flow channel (2) as a section of the layered catalyst.
- the two superposed material zones (3a and 3b) are arranged on the flow channel limiting, gas-tight walls (4), from which the catalytically active coating of preferred embodiments of the catalyst according to the invention is composed.
- the arrows indicate the flow direction of the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
- a coating suspension of suitable composition is introduced by means of one of the conventional dipping, suction and / or pumping methods, for example from the later upstream side of the catalyst into the throughflow honeycomb body of ceramic or metal which is preferably used as support body.
- the application ends after a defined distance in the support body, which is smaller than the length of the support body L.
- FIGS. 2b to 2d schematically show a single flow channel (2) as a section of the zone catalyst and the partial coatings (material zones) arranged therein on the gas-tight walls (4) delimiting the flow channel.
- the length of the zones can be selected during the coating so that the material zones touch each other at a selected point on a partial length piece of the support body ("zones on impact", Figure 2b) 2d)
- the zone lengths are selected such that a gap remains between the two material zones ( Figure 2c) .
- the gap is preferably between 2 and 10 millimeters, more preferably between 3 and 6 millimeters long.
- This embodiment has particular advantages in noble metal-containing variants of the catalyst according to the invention, since herein the intimate contact between the precious metal contained in one material zones and the SCR catalytically active mixed oxide contained in the other material zone consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally Tungsten oxide is completely suppressed d prevents the thermally diffusive transfer of the noble metal into the mixed oxide, resulting in a higher selectivity to nitrogen of the resulting catalyst as a result.
- the second material zone is the compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthana, magnesia, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof and / or precious metal, directly applied to the support body and covers it over its entire length L.
- the first material zone containing the catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide is on the second material zone applied and covered over the entire length L completely. This arrangement of the material zones requires that nitrogen oxides from the second Material zone can be desorbed in the overlying SCR active material zone with ammonia to nitrogen.
- the second material zone covers 10 to 70% of the length L of the support body, calculated from the first end, while the first material zone 30 to 90% The length L of the support body covered, calculated from the second end.
- the zone catalysts according to the invention are generally used so that the first end on the inflow side and the second end is downstream.
- This arrangement also has the advantage that nitrogen oxides which are desorbed from the second material zone storing the nitrogen oxides can be converted with ammonia to nitrogen at the downstream first material zone.
- a maximum possible temperature level is ensured in the catalyst by the upstream arrangement of the second material zone, which in total to optimal, i. compared to the inverse arrangement improved NOx storage rates of the second material zone leads.
- the zones in reverse so that the first material zone containing the SCR catalytically active mixed oxide of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide, at the first end, that is arranged upstream, while the second material zone at the second end, that is arranged downstream.
- the catalyst according to the invention is preferably followed by an additional SCR catalyst in the exhaust gas purification system. This results in a device which, in addition to a catalyst according to the invention comprises an SCR catalyst, which is arranged downstream of the catalyst according to the invention.
- Such a device is particularly preferably supplemented by an additional metering device for reducing agent, which is arranged between the catalyst according to the invention and the downstream SCR catalytic converter.
- an additional metering device for reducing agent which is arranged between the catalyst according to the invention and the downstream SCR catalytic converter.
- both nitrogen oxides which are desorbed at higher exhaust gas temperatures from the second material zone of the upstream catalyst according to the invention, as well as nitrogen oxides which at higher temperatures optionally by overoxidation of ammonia over the arise second material zone, effectively be implemented over the downstream SCR catalyst to nitrogen.
- the catalyst according to the invention is suitable for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines. Although the catalyst has the ability to store nitrogen oxides, it is not operated cyclically in alternately rich and lean exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas to be cleaned has an air ratio ⁇ , which is greater than 1, and is passed to the denitration over the catalyst of the invention.
- Preference is given to the exhaust gas to be purified before it enters the catalyst ammonia or a compound decomposable to ammonia as a reducing agent from a source independent of the engine supplied.
- Particularly preferred is the use of urea as decomposable to ammonia compound, which is supplied to the exhaust gas to be cleaned only when the temperatures are higher than or equal to 180 ° C.
- the catalyst according to the invention via which the exhaust gas to be purified is passed, stores nitrogen oxides in the form of nitrates. At temperatures higher than 200 ° C, these nitrogen oxides are released again. Still on the catalyst according to the invention their selective catalytic reduction takes place with ammonia to nitrogen.
- the exhaust gas may be purified via a catalyst which predominantly accelerates the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia.
- the supplementary aftertreatment over an SCR catalyst is useful, for example, if there is a risk that nitrogen oxides break through the catalyst according to the invention in specific operating points or are released from the nitrogen oxide storage in the catalyst according to the invention, without sufficient catalyst being present on the catalyst according to the invention Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen can take place.
- the SCR catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide is present in a zone which is dimensioned comparatively short.
- the integration of the catalyst according to the invention in an exhaust system is required, which may - in addition to other emission control units such as diesel oxidation catalyst and / or diesel particulate filter - also contain other Entstickungskatalysatoren, preferably SCR catalysts.
- Figure 1 Schematic representation of a layered catalyst according to the invention comprising a naturalflußwaben redesign (1) and the catalytically active coating (3), which is composed of two superimposed material zones (3a and 3b).
- Material zone (3a) contains a catalytically active ischoxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide.
- Material zone (3b) contains at least one compound selected from among barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and
- Figure 1 b shows a section of the coated fürflußwaben endeavor comprise a single flow channel (2), on the gas-tight walls (4), the coating is applied.
- FIG. 2 Schematic representation of a zone catalyst according to the invention comprising a convexylation factor (1) and the catalytically active
- Coating (3) which is composed of two superposed material zones (3a and 3b).
- Material zone (3a) contains a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide.
- Material zone (3b) contains at least one compound selected from among barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and
- FIGS. 2 b) to 2 d) show a single flow channel (2) as a section of the zone catalyst and the material zones arranged therein on the gas-tight walls (4) delimiting the flow channel.
- FIGS. 2 b) to 2 d) show a single flow channel (2) as a section of the zone catalyst and the material zones arranged therein on the gas-tight walls (4) delimiting the flow channel.
- the flow-through honeycomb bodies used are, unless stated otherwise, those made of cordierite, which at a diameter of 38.1 mm have a length of 76.2 mm, a cell density of 62 cells / cm 2 and a wall thickness of 0.165 millimeters.
- a layered catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. 1 was produced as follows: a) To produce the second material zone (3b) to be applied directly to the throughflow honeycomb body, a coating suspension of the following composition was prepared:
- a flow honeycomb body was in a known manner with 320g / L of a mixture of the composition described in Example 2a) (68.75%) with a mixed oxide composition Zr 0.6 4Ce 0, 2Yo , o75Nb 0, o7502 (corresponding to the teaching of US 6,468,941 ) (31, 25%) coated. Drying and calcining in a known manner resulted in a catalyst according to the invention.
- a layered catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. 1 was produced as follows: a) To produce the second material zone (3b) to be applied directly to the throughflow honeycomb body, a coating suspension of the following composition was prepared:
- No. 6,468,941 produced a coating suspension and thus once more coated the simply coated flow-through honeycomb body obtained according to a).
- the applied amount was 100 g / L. Drying and calcination in a known manner resulted in a layered catalyst according to the invention.
- a zone catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. (2b) was produced as follows: a) For the production of the front, upstream material zone (3b), a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm over a length of 50.8 mm from a first end with the coated in Example 4a) coating. The applied amount was 320 g / L. It was then dried and calcined. b) For the production of the rear, outflow-side material zone (3a), the flow-through honeycomb body obtained according to a) was coated starting from the second end over a length of 25.4 mm with a coating suspension comprising a mixed oxide of composition Zr 0 , 49Ce 0 , 3iYo , o4 3 Nb 0 , i502. The applied amount was 200 g / L. It was then dried and calcined.
- the resulting catalyst is hereinafter referred to as K5.
- a zone catalyst according to the invention in the use of which the material zone (3a) is arranged on the inflow side and the material zone (3b) downstream, was produced as follows: a) For the production of the rear, downstream material zone, a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm was placed on a Length of 50.8 mm coated from a first end with a coating suspension containing the following ingredients:
- the applied amount was 320 g / L. It was then dried and calcined.
- upstream material zone of the flow honeycomb body obtained according to a) was coated starting from the second end over a length of 25.4 mm with the coating suspension described in Example 5b).
- the applied amount was 200 g / L. It was then dried and calcined.
- a separate SCR catalytic converter is connected downstream of the flow honeycomb body thus obtained. This was obtained by coating a flow honeycomb body of length 76.22 mm with the coating suspension described in Example 5b).
- the applied amount was 200 g / L. It was then dried and calcined.
- a layered catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. 1 was produced as follows:
- Example 8 The single-coated flow honeycomb body produced in accordance with Example 2a) was used to prepare the first material zone (3a) with a mixed oxide having the composition Zr 0 .5 9 Ce 0. 2 iYo , i Nb 0 , i0 2 (corresponding to the teaching of US Pat. No. 6,468,941). coated coating suspension coated once more. The applied amount was 100 g / L. Drying and calcination in a known manner resulted in a layered catalyst according to the invention, which is referred to below as K7.
- Example 8 Example 8
- a layered catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. 1 was produced as follows:
- the single-coated flow honeycomb body produced according to Example 4a) was used to prepare the first material zone (3a) with a mixed oxide having the composition Zr 0, 5 9 Ce 0 , 2 iYo , i Nb 0 , i0 2 (corresponding to the teaching of US Pat. No. 6,468,941). coated coating suspension coated once more. The applied amount was 100 g / L. Drying and calcination in a known manner resulted in a layered catalyst according to the invention, which is referred to below as K8.
- a layered catalyst according to the invention according to FIG. 1 was produced as follows: a) A coating suspension of the following was used to produce the second material zone (3b) to be applied directly to the throughflow honeycomb body
- composition made:
- a flow honeycomb body was coated in a known manner with 400 g / L of a mixture of 20 wt .-% cerium oxide, 10 wt .-% of a lanthanum-doped aluminum / cerium mixed oxide and 20 wt .-% of a lanthanum-doped cerium / zirconium / praseodymium mixed oxide and 50 wt .-% of a mixed oxide of the composition Zr 0, 5Ce 0, 2Yo, o6Nbo, o6Wo , i502 (according to the teaching of US 6,468,941) (200 g / L) coated. Drying and calcination in a known manner resulted in a catalyst according to the invention, which is referred to below as K11.
- a zone catalyst according to the invention in the use of which the material zone (3a) is arranged on the inflow side and the material zone (3b) downstream, was produced as follows: a) For the production of the rear, downstream material zone, a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm was placed on a Length of 50.8 mm coated from a first end with a coating suspension containing the following ingredients:
- the applied amount was 320 g / L. It was then dried and calcined.
- a coating suspension having the following composition was prepared (the amounts refer to the volume L of the resulting catalyst): 45 g / L of a lanthanum-doped aluminum / cerium mixed oxide;
- Barium oxide coated cerium / zirconium mixed oxide is a self-produced powder component.
- a commercially available cerium / zirconium mixed oxide was slurried in an aqueous barium acetate solution.
- the suspension thus obtained was dried at 120 ° C over the period of 10 h and then calcined at 500 ° C for 2 hours.
- the powder thus obtained was ground and used to prepare the coating suspension.
- a naturalflußwaben endeavor was coated with 62 cells per square centimeter, a cell wall thickness of 0, 165 millimeters and a length of 76.2 mm in a conventional and known in the art dip coating process.
- the component was dried and calcined at 500 ° C for 2 hours.
- the first material zone (3a) was a commercially available cerium-zirconium mixed oxide having a weight ratio of Ce0 2 : Zr0 2 of 1: 1, 1 and a Nd 2 0 3 content of 5.3 wt .-% with an aqueous solution of ammonium niobium oxalate and calcined at 500 ° C for a period of 2 hours.
- the composite oxide composition according to the invention thus obtained consisted of 38% by weight of CeO 2 , 14.5% by weight of Nb 2 O 5 , 4.5% by weight of Nd 2 O 3 and 43% by weight of ZrO 2 . From the mixed oxide, a coating suspension was prepared, with which the naturalflußwaben redesign already simply coated as described above was coated again. The resulting component was calcined after drying at 500 ° C for a period of 2 hours.
- the catalyst according to the invention exhibits significantly improved nitrogen oxide conversions in the NEDC-relevant temperature range and in particular in the low-temperature range up to 230 ° C., above all up to 200 ° C., compared with prior art catalysts and thus has reduced NO in the NEDC compared to conventional emissions x emissions.
- a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm was coated in a known manner with a coating suspension containing a mixed oxide composition Zr 0.59 Ce 0.2 iYo , iNb 0, i0 2 (according to the teaching of US 6,468,941).
- the amounts applied were:
- VK1, VK2 and VK3 are hereinafter referred to as VK1, VK2 and VK3, respectively.
- a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm was coated in a known manner with a coating suspension containing a mixed oxide of composition Zr 0.49 Ce 0 , 3iYo, o43Nb 0, i 5 0 2 .
- the applied amount was 200 g / L.
- After the coating was dried and calcined in a known manner.
- the resulting catalyst is hereinafter referred to as VK4. Comparative Example 5
- a flow honeycomb body with a length of 76.2 mm was coated in a known manner with a coating suspension containing a mixed oxide composition Zr 0.5 Ce 0 , 2Yo, o6Nbo, o6Wo, i702.
- the applied amount was 200 g / L.
- After the coating was dried and calcined in a known manner.
- the obtained catalyst is hereinafter referred to as VK5.
- the ⁇ -conversion of the inventive catalysts K7, K8 and K10 were compared with the catalysts VK1, VK2 and VK3 in a test gas plant.
- the NO x conversion of the inventive catalysts K5 and K12 were compared with VK4 and the NO x conversion of the inventive catalyst K1 1 with VK5.
- the catalysts according to the invention and comparison catalysts each compared contain in each case the identical mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide, niobium oxide and optionally tungsten oxide.
- conditioning takes place at 550 ° C, so that the
- Catalyst sample at the beginning of the test phase is free of adhering NO x and NH 3 .
- the mean nitrogen oxide conversion in the test phase was determined over the entire period of 5 minutes.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel ainsi qu'un procédé destiné à diminuer les oxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel. Ledit catalyseur est constitué d'un corps de support d'une longueur L et d'un revêtement à action catalytique, ce dernier pouvant être composé d'une ou de plusieurs zones de matériaux. Lesdites zones de matériaux contiennent de l'oxyde mixte à action catalytique SCR, constitué d'oxyde de cérium, d'oxyde de zirconium, de sesquioxyde de terres rares et d'oxyde de niobium et, optionnellement, d'oxyde de tungstène. En outre, lesdites zones de matériaux contiennent au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué d'oxyde de baryum, d'hydroxyde de baryum, de carbonate de baryum, d'oxyde de strontium, d'hydroxyde de strontium, de carbonate de strontium, d'oxyde de praséodyme, d'oxyde de lanthane, d'oxyde de magnésium, d'oxyde mixte de magnésium/aluminium, d'oxyde de métaux alcalins, d'hydroxyde de métaux alcalins, de carbonate de métaux alcalins et de leurs mélanges. Le cas échéant, ledit catalyseur peut également contenir du métal noble.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11785641.9A EP2640513A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-14 | Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10014644 | 2010-11-16 | ||
EP11785641.9A EP2640513A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-14 | Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel |
PCT/EP2011/070005 WO2012065933A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-14 | Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2640513A1 true EP2640513A1 (fr) | 2013-09-25 |
Family
ID=43821738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11785641.9A Withdrawn EP2640513A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-14 | Catalyseur destiné à supprimer les oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9095816B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2640513A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103180046B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012065933A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2965189A1 (fr) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-30 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de traitement d'un gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote (nox) utilisant comme catalyseur une composition a base d'oxyde de cerium et d'oxyde de niobium |
FR2972366B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-08 | 2016-01-15 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de traitement d'un gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote (nox) utilisant comme catalyseur une composition a base de zirconium, de cerium et de niobium |
EP2772302A1 (fr) | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-03 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Catalyseur d'oxydation hexagonale |
US9482131B2 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2016-11-01 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust system with zone coated catalyst |
CN104759281B (zh) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏大学 | 一种用于净化柴油机的复合氧化物催化剂的制备方法 |
BR112017016112A2 (pt) * | 2015-03-19 | 2018-03-27 | Basf Corp | compósito catalisador, sistema para tratamento de uma corrente de escape, e, métodos para tratamento de gases de escape e preparar um compósito catalisador. |
JP6304099B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-04-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 |
DE102015225579A1 (de) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Kontamination eines SCR-Katalysators mit Platin |
EP3468695A1 (fr) | 2016-06-10 | 2019-04-17 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalyseur adsorbeur des nox |
JP6693406B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2020-05-13 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
KR102675637B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-03 | 2024-06-17 | 바스프 코포레이션 | Scr 촉매 조성물, 촉매 및 이러한 촉매를 포함하는 촉매 시스템 |
JP6800127B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-12-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 酸素貯蔵材料及びその製造方法 |
WO2021010768A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | 주식회사 국일인토트 | Appareil de réaction catalytique comprenant une composition de revêtement pour catalyseur et procédé de revêtement |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2138133C (fr) | 1993-04-28 | 2002-04-23 | Kazuo Tsuchitani | Methode pour eliminer les oxydes diazote dans les gaz d'echappement |
DE19721440A1 (de) | 1997-05-21 | 1998-11-26 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Reinigung eines mageren Abgases und Katalysatorsystem hierfür |
DE19806062A1 (de) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-19 | Siemens Ag | Reduktionskatalysator und Verfahren zur Reinigung dieselmotorischen Abgases |
US6468941B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2002-10-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Niobium containing zirconium-cerium based soild solutions |
DE10054877A1 (de) | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-29 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | Abgasreinigungsanlage für die selektive katalytische Reduktion von Stickoxiden unter mageren Abgasbedingungen und Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung |
DE10104160B4 (de) | 2001-01-30 | 2008-07-10 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
JP3758601B2 (ja) | 2002-05-15 | 2006-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 吸蔵還元型NOx浄化用触媒 |
DE10308287B4 (de) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-11-30 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung |
US7160832B2 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2007-01-09 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalyst system for generating carbon monoxide for use with automotive catalysts |
WO2005085137A1 (fr) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-15 | Anan Kasei Co., Ltd. | Oxide complexe |
BRPI0721036A2 (pt) | 2006-12-23 | 2014-07-29 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Instalação para purificação de gás de escape para motores de mistura magra e processo para operar a instalação |
-
2011
- 2011-11-14 US US13/877,075 patent/US9095816B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-14 WO PCT/EP2011/070005 patent/WO2012065933A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-11-14 CN CN201180051433.4A patent/CN103180046B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-14 EP EP11785641.9A patent/EP2640513A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2012065933A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103180046A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
US9095816B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
US20130189172A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
CN103180046B (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
WO2012065933A1 (fr) | 2012-05-24 |
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