EP2633122B1 - Wearing course for gravel roads - Google Patents
Wearing course for gravel roads Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2633122B1 EP2633122B1 EP11836729.1A EP11836729A EP2633122B1 EP 2633122 B1 EP2633122 B1 EP 2633122B1 EP 11836729 A EP11836729 A EP 11836729A EP 2633122 B1 EP2633122 B1 EP 2633122B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wearing course
- gravel
- lignine
- wearing
- roads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003583 soil stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/02—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal without binders
- E01C7/04—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal without binders of broken stones, gravel, or like materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/085—Aggregate or filler materials therefor; Coloured reflecting or luminescent additives therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wearing course for gravel roads.
- the national road net in Sweden consists of about 70 000 km of paved roads, about 20 000 km of gravel roads and about 41 000 km of local roads, of which about 1 200 km are gravel roads. There is also about 76 000 km of state-subsidized private roads. Finally, there is about 200 000 km of gravel roads in the form of private roads and forest roads, which are important to rural areas and for forest transports; one of Sweden's most important export markets is forest products.
- an important part of the Swedish road net consists of gravel roads. According to an opinion poll from 2001, only 15 % of the road-users were satisfied with the maintenance of the gravel roads.
- a wearing course for gravel roads shall have a hard and even surface and yet be elastic in order to withstand traffic and weather, in order not to dust and to manage the ground frost in the winter.
- the wearing course shall also meet the environmental requirements of today.
- a main reason for the poor standard of the gravel roads is, inter alia, that the binder which today is used in gravel road wearing courses, consists of fine-grained stone powder which is obtained during stone crushing and which for the major part consists of silt.
- the lastingness or wearing qualities of the wearing course are thereby poor, which requires frequent application of new wearing courses.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a wearing course for gravel roads with improved lastingness or wearing qualities, i.e. a wearing course having a hard and even surface, but which yet is elastic.
- This object is achieved by providing a material for the gravel road wearing course according to the invention which comprises wearing course gravel with a grain size of 0-18 mm mixed together with a mixture of clay and lignine in the form of a powder or a granulate.
- the mixture of natural clay and lignine has other geotechnical and road technical properties than the previously used stone powder.
- the differences are seen in e.g. the different plasticity and hygroscopicity properties of the materials, i.e. in the ability of the materials, after deformation, to return to their original shape and in the ability of the materials to absorb moisture from the surrounding air respectively.
- a clay contains many minerals such as aluminum oxide, silica, iron oxide, illite, vermiculite, smectite and others.
- the best lastingness is achieved if about 0-10 % clay is mixed into the gravel road wearing course, i.e. maximum 10 % of the total amount of wearing course material, in combination with about 0-4 % lignine, i.e. the amount of lignine constitutes maximum 4 % of the total amount of wearing course material.
- the clay shall have a clay content of at least 50 %, i.e. at least 50 % of the clay particles shall be smaller than about 0,002 mm.
- compositions and methods for the manufacture of soy-based binding agents comprise, inter alia, one or more secondary stabilizers.
- a secondary stabilizer may in turn comprise e.g. lignine.
- lignine is present in liquid form, e.g. as lignine sulfonate, which is used as a wetting agent and as a soil stabilizer in order to bind together, inter alia, soil particles.
- lignine in one or other form is mixed with water before it is added to the soy-based material for the final use.
- the present invention relates to, as defined, a wearing course for gravel roads.
- the components for the wearing course are mixed and distributed in dry condition.
- lignine powder or granular lignine is used, i.e. lignine in dry condition is used.
- lignine in dry condition is used.
- Transport of the mixture of clay and dry lignine may be carried through in e.g. large sacks or as bulk.
- tanks are required and transport of a large amount of water is a more expensive measure.
- a dust binding agent according to US 2009/0103979 A1 is adapted for distribution, inter alia, on top of the wearing course of a gravel road.
- the dust binding agent is distributed in liquid form.
- the mixture of clay and lignine is mixed into the wearing course gravel before the wearing course material is distributed and thus, already carefully integrated with the wearing course gravel.
- the mixture of clay and lignine gives rise to a stabilizing effect of the wearing course.
- the wearing course gravel which together with the mixture of clay and lignine in the form of a powder or a granulate constitutes the wearing course for distribution on gravel roads according to the present invention, consists primarily of crushed rock alternatively of crushed stone and gravel or moraine, and of a smaller amount of recovered material. It is of no interest at all to distribute this wearing course gravel in liquid form.
- the weight of the handled material is many times larger than the weight of dust binding agent even if the dust binding agent, as in the prior art, contains water.
- the equipment for distribution of wearing course material must be constructed to manage the larger weight and to permit distribution in other ways than dust binding agents. Distribution may e.g. be carried through by means of asphalt spreaders.
- Fig. 1 illustrates the grain-size distribution for wearing course gravel, ready for spreading or distribution on the road and provided for dust binding with calcium and magnesium chloride.
- fig. 2 the corresponding values for the grain-size distribution for an "ideal gravel graph", ready for road application and with proposed value of acceptance presented, are illustrated.
- the "ideal gravel graph” is based on Swedish and foreign experiences for 80 years and is well suited for addition of clay and lignine and chloride.
- additives can be added, e.g. starch, kaolin, lime, cement, bentonite, vegetable substances, minerals and chlorides.
- the object of these additives is to seal the wearing course such that no leaching occurs, i.e. such that water flows off on top of the wearing course layer after application thereof without penetrating down into said wearing course layer.
- Some substances can also be added during granulation.
- the mixing procedure may be carried through on situ or off situ for subsequent transport for distribution or spreading on the road from a lorry, tractor trailer equipped with a spreader or scraper. Alternatively, distribution may be carried through by means of the above-mentioned asphalt spreader, adjustment or trimming rod. In situ with special equipment.
- the material can also be delivered in large sacks or as bulk for later spreading.
- the wearing course according to the invention can be used also as a supporting border or edge for roads.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a wearing course for gravel roads.
- The national road net in Sweden consists of about 70 000 km of paved roads, about 20 000 km of gravel roads and about 41 000 km of local roads, of which about 1 200 km are gravel roads. There is also about 76 000 km of state-subsidized private roads. Finally, there is about 200 000 km of gravel roads in the form of private roads and forest roads, which are important to rural areas and for forest transports; one of Sweden's most important export markets is forest products. Thus, an important part of the Swedish road net consists of gravel roads. According to an opinion poll from 2001, only 15 % of the road-users were satisfied with the maintenance of the gravel roads.
- A wearing course for gravel roads shall have a hard and even surface and yet be elastic in order to withstand traffic and weather, in order not to dust and to manage the ground frost in the winter. The wearing course shall also meet the environmental requirements of today.
- A main reason for the poor standard of the gravel roads is, inter alia, that the binder which today is used in gravel road wearing courses, consists of fine-grained stone powder which is obtained during stone crushing and which for the major part consists of silt. The lastingness or wearing qualities of the wearing course are thereby poor, which requires frequent application of new wearing courses.
- Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a wearing course for gravel roads with improved lastingness or wearing qualities, i.e. a wearing course having a hard and even surface, but which yet is elastic.
- This object is achieved by providing a material for the gravel road wearing course according to the invention which comprises wearing course gravel with a grain size of 0-18 mm mixed together with a mixture of clay and lignine in the form of a powder or a granulate.
- Suitable graphs for the grain-size distribution of wearing course gravel already exist. Two such graphs are shown in the enclosed figures.
-
-
Fig. 1 illustrates the grain-size distribution for wearing course gravel, ready for road application and provided for dust binding with calcium and magnesium chloride. -
Fig. 2 illustrates the corresponding values for the grain-size distribution for an "ideal gravel graph", ready for road application and with proposed value of acceptance illustrated. - The mixture of natural clay and lignine has other geotechnical and road technical properties than the previously used stone powder. The differences are seen in e.g. the different plasticity and hygroscopicity properties of the materials, i.e. in the ability of the materials, after deformation, to return to their original shape and in the ability of the materials to absorb moisture from the surrounding air respectively. Also, a clay contains many minerals such as aluminum oxide, silica, iron oxide, illite, vermiculite, smectite and others.
- The best lastingness is achieved if about 0-10 % clay is mixed into the gravel road wearing course, i.e. maximum 10 % of the total amount of wearing course material, in combination with about 0-4 % lignine, i.e. the amount of lignine constitutes maximum 4 % of the total amount of wearing course material. The clay shall have a clay content of at least 50 %, i.e. at least 50 % of the clay particles shall be smaller than about 0,002 mm.
- The dust binding materials most used today however, are chlorides, e.g. calcium or magnesium chlorides. Chlorides have a negative influence on the environment, causing damages to the vegetation along the roads and are gathered in the underground water, and they cause corrosion on cars and damage concrete. Chlorides are not degraded or decomposed. Dust binding with bitumen is also possible. At dust binding, the law requires that the most non-polluting material is used, i.e. the vegetable materials. Lignine (ligno sulfonate) is such a material. Tests have been made also with e.g. starch, colza oil, linseed oil and soy.
- In
US 2009/0103979 A1 there are mentioned compositions and methods for the manufacture of soy-based binding agents. These soy-based binding agents comprise, inter alia, one or more secondary stabilizers. Such a secondary stabilizer may in turn comprise e.g. lignine. From e.g. page 3, paragraph 0036, it is apparent that this lignine is present in liquid form, e.g. as lignine sulfonate, which is used as a wetting agent and as a soil stabilizer in order to bind together, inter alia, soil particles. It is also apparent from several examples in the publication that lignine in one or other form is mixed with water before it is added to the soy-based material for the final use. - The present invention relates to, as defined, a wearing course for gravel roads. The components for the wearing course are mixed and distributed in dry condition. According to the present invention, lignine powder or granular lignine is used, i.e. lignine in dry condition is used. In view of prior art, it is new to use lignine in dry condition. The advantages thereby achieved are many. It is easier and not so costly to store and transport dry lignine compared to liquid lignine. Transport of the mixture of clay and dry lignine may be carried through in e.g. large sacks or as bulk. For transport of liquid lignine, tanks are required and transport of a large amount of water is a more expensive measure. From an environmental point of view, it is also a drawback that one has to transport a large amount of non-active component in the form of water together with an active component in the form of the lignine. It should be noted that it is easier and more economic to spread or distribute lignine, or mixtures comprising lignine, in dry condition instead of in liquid form.
- A dust binding agent according to
US 2009/0103979 A1 is adapted for distribution, inter alia, on top of the wearing course of a gravel road. In order to get a proper distribution of the dust binding material and get it to fairly penetrate into the surface of the existing wearing course and improve the lastingness thereof, the dust binding agent is distributed in liquid form. In the wearing course according to the present invention, the mixture of clay and lignine is mixed into the wearing course gravel before the wearing course material is distributed and thus, already carefully integrated with the wearing course gravel. By means of this integration into all wearing course gravel, through the entire wearing course, the mixture of clay and lignine gives rise to a stabilizing effect of the wearing course. There is no need to use liquid lignine in order to improve the homogeneity of the wearing course material. The homogeneity is already optimal. - It should also be noted that the distribution of the material for the wearing course means that totally different problems than the distribution of dust binding agents must be considered. The wearing course gravel which together with the mixture of clay and lignine in the form of a powder or a granulate constitutes the wearing course for distribution on gravel roads according to the present invention, consists primarily of crushed rock alternatively of crushed stone and gravel or moraine, and of a smaller amount of recovered material. It is of no interest at all to distribute this wearing course gravel in liquid form. The large amount of wearing course gravel, maximum about 95 % of the total amount of wearing course material, crushed down to a grain size within an interval of 0-18 mm at the most, alternatively e.g. about 0-8 mm or about 0-16 mm, means however, that the weight of the handled material is many times larger than the weight of dust binding agent even if the dust binding agent, as in the prior art, contains water. The equipment for distribution of wearing course material must be constructed to manage the larger weight and to permit distribution in other ways than dust binding agents. Distribution may e.g. be carried through by means of asphalt spreaders.
- For being able to control the grain-size distribution of the crushed material, said material is analyzed by screening in e.g. laboratories. The Swedish transport administration sets the requirements for the grain-size distribution of wearing course gravel. There already exist, as stated above, graphs for the grain-size distribution of wearing course gravel.
Fig. 1 illustrates the grain-size distribution for wearing course gravel, ready for spreading or distribution on the road and provided for dust binding with calcium and magnesium chloride. Infig. 2 , the corresponding values for the grain-size distribution for an "ideal gravel graph", ready for road application and with proposed value of acceptance presented, are illustrated. The "ideal gravel graph" is based on Swedish and foreign experiences for 80 years and is well suited for addition of clay and lignine and chloride. - To the material for the wearing course, comprising wearing course gravel and a mixture of clay and powdered or granular lignine, other components, additives, can be added, e.g. starch, kaolin, lime, cement, bentonite, vegetable substances, minerals and chlorides. The object of these additives is to seal the wearing course such that no leaching occurs, i.e. such that water flows off on top of the wearing course layer after application thereof without penetrating down into said wearing course layer. Some substances can also be added during granulation. The mixing procedure may be carried through on situ or off situ for subsequent transport for distribution or spreading on the road from a lorry, tractor trailer equipped with a spreader or scraper. Alternatively, distribution may be carried through by means of the above-mentioned asphalt spreader, adjustment or trimming rod. In situ with special equipment.
- The material can also be delivered in large sacks or as bulk for later spreading.
- It is obvious to a skilled person that the present invention can be modified and altered within the scope of the subsequent claims without departing from the idea and purpose of the invention. Thus, the wearing course according to the invention can be used also as a supporting border or edge for roads.
Claims (8)
- Wearing course for distribution on gravel roads, characterized in that the material of said wearing course comprises wearing course gravel with a grain size of 0-18 mm mixed together with a mixture of clay and lignine in the form of a powder or a granulate.
- Wearing course according to claim 1, characterized in that the wearing course gravel has a grain size of 0-16 mm.
- Wearing course according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount of wearing course gravel constitutes maximum about 95 % by wt. of the total amount of the wearing course material.
- Wearing course according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture of clay and lignine constitutes maximum about 14 % by wt. of the total amount of the wearing course material.
- Wearing course according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of clay constitutes maximum about 10 % of by wt. the total amount of the wearing course material.
- Wearing course according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the amount of lignine constitutes maximum about 4 % by wt. of the total amount of the wearing course material.
- Wearing course according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the wearing course further comprises additives of starch, kaolin, lime, cement, bentonite, vegetable substances, minerals or chlorides.
- Use of a wearing course according to any one of claims 1-7 as a supporting border or edge for roads.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1001059A SE535468C2 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Wear bearing for dirt roads |
PCT/SE2011/051281 WO2012057690A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2011-10-27 | Wearing course for gravel roads |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2633122A1 EP2633122A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
EP2633122A4 EP2633122A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP2633122B1 true EP2633122B1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
Family
ID=45994178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11836729.1A Active EP2633122B1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2011-10-27 | Wearing course for gravel roads |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2633122B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE535468C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012057690A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108755326B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-10-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Design method of friction-resistance graded broken stone pavement base material |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB338247A (en) * | 1929-06-05 | 1930-11-27 | Edith Ottoline Cowper | Improvements in materials for roads and ways, floors, dampcoursing, and other purposes |
US4001033A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1977-01-04 | Robert Anthone | Composition and method for soil stabilization |
US5412007A (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-05-02 | Pennzoil Products Company | Stable petroleum resin-water emulsion |
AU769470B2 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2004-01-29 | Wesco Technologies Pty Limited | Unsealed or a sealed base, methods of producing the base and base compositions |
DE202005015536U1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2005-12-15 | Küllmer, Heike, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Surfacing for e.g. road or footpath carrying light traffic, comprises epoxy resin binder and glass particles in various colors and patterns with optional illumination |
US7798743B2 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2010-09-21 | Enviroad, Llc | Composition and method of use of soy-based binder material |
-
2010
- 2010-10-28 SE SE1001059A patent/SE535468C2/en unknown
-
2011
- 2011-10-27 EP EP11836729.1A patent/EP2633122B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-27 WO PCT/SE2011/051281 patent/WO2012057690A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012057690A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
SE1001059A1 (en) | 2012-04-29 |
SE535468C2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
EP2633122A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP2633122A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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