EP2620969B1 - High-voltage electrical switchgear - Google Patents
High-voltage electrical switchgear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2620969B1 EP2620969B1 EP13382026.6A EP13382026A EP2620969B1 EP 2620969 B1 EP2620969 B1 EP 2620969B1 EP 13382026 A EP13382026 A EP 13382026A EP 2620969 B1 EP2620969 B1 EP 2620969B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- disconnector
- switch
- circuit breaker
- electrical switchgear
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WRQGPGZATPOHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)C(=O)OCC WRQGPGZATPOHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
- H01H33/143—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc of different construction or type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
- H01H33/121—Load break switches
- H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
Definitions
- the field of application of the present invention is in electric power distribution installations, such as, for example, electric transformer sub-stations, distribution centers, sub-stations, etc., generally for electric circuit protection and switching, and it particularly relates to switchgear integrated inside an enclosure comprising a series of elements, among others, switching means which allow performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing switching functions of the electric circuit.
- the controlgear used in electric power distribution grids is installed in enclosures that are usually metallic, referred to as bays.
- Said switchgear comprises switching means that perform breaking-connection-isolation-earthing functions of the installation. Therefore, in the event of, for example, a fault in the distribution line, a cutoff due to works, maintenance or load distribution optimization, such switching means can be operated to obtain the desired electric power distribution, preventing consumers from being left without power or assuring protection of people and electrical equipment such as transformers, for example.
- Said switching means are conventionally operated by means of a switching mechanism, which can be activated manually or automatically by a triggering mechanism which responds to a specific current.
- the switching mechanisms are what produce the operating force to perform breaking-connection-isolation-earthing functions of the installation.
- switching means formed by circuit breakers which can consist of a vacuum bottle in which there is housed a pair of electric contacts, a fixed contact and a moving contact, which moves due to the operation of said switching mechanism, to perform breaking-connection functions of the corresponding electric circuit.
- Disconnectors are known to be formed by two contacts which can come together for all the current to pass or to leave a physical separation established by the safety standard or the manufacturer to prevent the passage of the current. In the case of disconnectors with an included earthing function, they comprise an additional contact, specifically an earthing contact.
- said disconnectors do not perform the functions of the switch, i.e., cutting off the current when the circuit is under a load (nominal current), cutting off currents that are less than the nominal current or cutting off fault currents due to a surge.
- This entails the drawback that the assembly formed by the switch and its switching mechanism is forced to perform a number of switching operations, thereby reducing the electrical and mechanical endurance of the assembly.
- the order of actuating switching means today when performing the opening (breaking)-isolation-earthing functions of the electric circuit is that in response to a fault the circuit breaker (4) cuts off the current and then the disconnector (10) opens the circuit, the circuit thereby being isolated, as shown in Figure 1 . Once isolated, the earthing disconnector (10) then earths the electric circuit.
- the predominant philosophy concerning the order of actuating the switching means in the connecting operation is that first the disconnector (10) closes the circuit (the disconnector closes the circuit not under a load) and then closes the switch (4), said switch withstanding all the thermal and electrodynamic stresses generated due to the short-circuit caused in the closing of the contacts, which stresses are produced by the current intensity and the magnetic field created. These thermal and electrodynamic stresses are very hazardous for the contacts of the switch (4), being able to cause irreparable damage to the mentioned contacts if they are not quickly removed.
- chop current occurs on occasions where the vacuum switch cuts off small currents, such as, for example, active currents or field currents, and it is accompanied by a voltage surge.
- the immediate zero-crossing of the current induces a transient recovery voltage in the line, which is dependent on the value of the chop current.
- the greater the value of the chop current the greater the peak of the induced transient voltage, so the risk of re-ignition of the arc is greater and the insulation of the equipment connected to the grid is more greatly stressed.
- the induced transient voltage starts to increase in value, but the distance between the contacts of the switch is minimal, so the current will probably be restored.
- the current will be cut off again at its first zero-crossing but if the distance between contacts is still not sufficient, the arc will be re-ignited again, this sequence being able to be repeated several times to the detriment of the installation safety. This situation occurs before the disconnector has started operating.
- NDD non-sustained disruptive discharges
- breaking devices must assure that in response to a power system failure which causes the disconnection thereof, the micro-grid is disconnected from the load for two reasons: to prevent the disruption of the electric system from affecting the loads supplied by the micro-grid and to prevent the so-called islanding effect, whereby loads of grids other than the micro-grid are supplied solely by the sources present in the micro-grid. Therefore, for safe operation of these new electric power generation and distribution solutions, highly reliable and very durable breaking elements are essential.
- a possible cause of islanding is the failure in the opening of the switches which control the power flow (absorption/injection) of micro-grids when a failure occurs in the electric system forcing the disconnection thereof. It is therefore very important to assure the cutoff, but not only of high fault currents but also of small currents, especially capacitive currents.
- the controlgear is usually insulated in a dielectric medium, which is normally air or another fluid medium, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), dry air, oil, etc., for the purpose of reducing the distance between phases and thereby achieving a compact enclosure that is impermeable to outside or environmental conditions such as contamination or moisture.
- a dielectric medium normally air or another fluid medium, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), dry air, oil, etc.
- SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
- the enclosure may or may not be leak-tight, depending on the dielectric medium used.
- US 3 708 638 A discloses high-voltage electrical switchgear according to the preamble of claim1.
- the present invention relates to electrical switchgear according to claim 1 that can be applied in electric power distribution installations, such as, for example, electric transformer sub-stations, distribution centers, sub-stations, etc., for electric circuit protection and switching.
- Said switchgear comprises an enclosure, this enclosure being able to be leak-tight and therefore insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), dry air, oil, etc.
- SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
- the switchgear of the invention comprises:
- the operation of the switching means depends on the reading of the measuring means, such that a first switching mechanism operates the opening of the switch-disconnector in the case of currents equal to or less than the nominal current, whereas a second switching mechanism operates the opening of the circuit breaker before the opening of the switch-disconnector in the case of currents greater than the nominal current.
- the measuring means measure the intensity and/or voltage magnitudes, and depending on the reading obtained, at least one control/protection device, such as, for example, a relay, commands the operation of the circuit breaker or the switch-disconnector. Therefore, the detection of a current equal to or less than the nominal current, such as, for example, a capacitive or inductive current, entails the opening of the switch-disconnector instead of the opening of the circuit breaker.
- the switch-disconnector can be a hinge-type three-position earthing switch-disconnector (connection-isolation-earthing) and is integrated inside the enclosure which can be leak-tight and insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, SF 6 .
- the circuit breaker comprises a vacuum bottle and is also integrated inside the enclosure.
- the second switching mechanism therefore operates the closing of the circuit breaker before the closing of the switch-disconnector in a connecting operation, and accordingly, the circuit breaker does not sustain any wear due to the pre-arc of the closure, the circuit breaker therefore being maintained in the best possible conditions for being able to cut off currents greater than the nominal current, and to therefore prevent unwanted phenomena, such as the deterioration or the possibility of the contacts of the switch being welded together, for example.
- the circuit breaker is connected to the shunting bar and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector is installed upstream in connection with the bar of the main circuit.
- the first and second switching mechanisms comprise a mechanical interlocking such that the circuit breaker and the switch-disconnector can be operated one after the other according to the opening or connecting sequence explained above.
- the circuit breaker is connected to the bar of the main circuit and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector is installed downstream, said switch-disconnector being connected to the shunting bar.
- the switch-disconnector is installed downstream, said switch-disconnector being connected to the shunting bar.
- the invention relates to electrical switchgear integrated inside an enclosure (1) comprising a series of elements, among others, switching means (4, 5) which allow performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing switching functions of the electric circuit.
- the enclosure is leak-tight, and therefore insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), dry air, oil, etc.
- SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
- the switching means comprise a two-position (breaking-connection) circuit breaker (4) and a three-position (connection-isolation-earthing) earthing switch-disconnector (5) which can be a hinge-type switch-disconnector.
- the circuit breaker (4) is a vacuum switch installed inside the enclosure (1), said switch (4) being connected to the shunting bar (3).
- the switch-disconnector (5) is installed in series with the switch (4) and upstream in connection with the bar of the main circuit (2), being integrated inside the enclosure (1), and therefore insulated in the insulating fluid contained in said enclosure.
- the circuit breaker (4) comprises a switching mechanism (9) and the switch-disconnector (5) comprises another switching mechanism (8), these switching mechanisms (8, 9) being responsible for producing and transmitting the operating force to said switching means (4, 5) for performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing functions. As shown in Figure 4 , these switching mechanisms (8, 9) are installed outside the enclosure (1).
- the operation of the switching means (4, 5) can be manual or the operation of the circuit breaker (4) and of the switch-disconnector (5) can be motor-driven as shown in the embodiment of Figure 2 .
- the electrical switchgear also comprises intensity measuring means (6) and/or voltage measuring means (7) which can be installed both upstream of the switch-disconnector (5), for example in the case of providing voltage/intensity detection in bars of the main circuit (2), or they can be installed downstream of the circuit breaker (4) as shown in the embodiment of Figure 2 ,.
- the measurement of the intensity and/or voltage magnitudes obtained through the measuring means (6, 7) is treated by at least one control/protection device, for example a relay, and the control/protection device commands the operation of the switch (4) or of the switch-disconnector (5) depending on the value of said magnitudes.
- the measurement of a current equal to or less than the nominal current such as, for example, a capacitive or inductive current, entails the opening (breaking) of the switch-disconnector (5) instead of the opening of the circuit breaker (4).
- the switching mechanism (9) operates the opening (breaking) of the circuit breaker (4) before the opening of the switch-disconnector (5).
- the switch-disconnector (5) is switching means with short-circuit making capacity.
- the switching mechanism (9) therefore operates the closing of the circuit breaker (4) before the closing of the switch-disconnector (5) in a connecting operation, and accordingly, the circuit breaker (4) does not sustain any wear due to the pre-arc of the closure.
- the switching mechanisms (8, 9) comprise a mechanical interlocking such that the circuit breaker (4) and the switch-disconnector (5) can be operated one after the other according to the opening or connecting sequence.
- the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described, but also covers, for example, the variants that can be devised by the person skilled in the art (for example, those variants in terms of the choice of the materials, size, components, configuration, etc.), within that which is inferred from the claims.
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- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
Description
- The field of application of the present invention is in electric power distribution installations, such as, for example, electric transformer sub-stations, distribution centers, sub-stations, etc., generally for electric circuit protection and switching, and it particularly relates to switchgear integrated inside an enclosure comprising a series of elements, among others, switching means which allow performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing switching functions of the electric circuit.
- The controlgear used in electric power distribution grids is installed in enclosures that are usually metallic, referred to as bays. Said switchgear comprises switching means that perform breaking-connection-isolation-earthing functions of the installation. Therefore, in the event of, for example, a fault in the distribution line, a cutoff due to works, maintenance or load distribution optimization, such switching means can be operated to obtain the desired electric power distribution, preventing consumers from being left without power or assuring protection of people and electrical equipment such as transformers, for example.
- Said switching means are conventionally operated by means of a switching mechanism, which can be activated manually or automatically by a triggering mechanism which responds to a specific current. The switching mechanisms are what produce the operating force to perform breaking-connection-isolation-earthing functions of the installation.
- On one hand, switching means formed by circuit breakers are known, which can consist of a vacuum bottle in which there is housed a pair of electric contacts, a fixed contact and a moving contact, which moves due to the operation of said switching mechanism, to perform breaking-connection functions of the corresponding electric circuit.
- The problem with known vacuum switches is that the separation between the moving and fixed contacts in an open circuit situation is not acceptable because it does not assure the isolation function since the dielectric medium in which they act is the bottle vacuum. One usual solution is to include a disconnector that opens/closes the circuit in series with the bottle to perform said isolation function efficiently. On the other hand, disconnectors are also used and earthing functions are also usually required of them. Disconnectors are known to be formed by two contacts which can come together for all the current to pass or to leave a physical separation established by the safety standard or the manufacturer to prevent the passage of the current. In the case of disconnectors with an included earthing function, they comprise an additional contact, specifically an earthing contact. However, said disconnectors do not perform the functions of the switch, i.e., cutting off the current when the circuit is under a load (nominal current), cutting off currents that are less than the nominal current or cutting off fault currents due to a surge. This entails the drawback that the assembly formed by the switch and its switching mechanism is forced to perform a number of switching operations, thereby reducing the electrical and mechanical endurance of the assembly.
- The order of actuating switching means today when performing the opening (breaking)-isolation-earthing functions of the electric circuit is that in response to a fault the circuit breaker (4) cuts off the current and then the disconnector (10) opens the circuit, the circuit thereby being isolated, as shown in
Figure 1 . Once isolated, the earthing disconnector (10) then earths the electric circuit. The predominant philosophy concerning the order of actuating the switching means in the connecting operation is that first the disconnector (10) closes the circuit (the disconnector closes the circuit not under a load) and then closes the switch (4), said switch withstanding all the thermal and electrodynamic stresses generated due to the short-circuit caused in the closing of the contacts, which stresses are produced by the current intensity and the magnetic field created. These thermal and electrodynamic stresses are very hazardous for the contacts of the switch (4), being able to cause irreparable damage to the mentioned contacts if they are not quickly removed. - It is very important for the contacts of the switch to be in the best possible conditions in order to cut off the current in the event of a fault as well as to prevent unwanted phenomena, such as the deterioration or the possibility of the contacts of the switch being welded together due to a pre-arc formed during the closing of the switch, for example.
- It is possible in the opening that the vacuum switch will extinguish the arc before the current reaches a zero. This phenomenon, referred to as chop current, occurs on occasions where the vacuum switch cuts off small currents, such as, for example, active currents or field currents, and it is accompanied by a voltage surge. The immediate zero-crossing of the current induces a transient recovery voltage in the line, which is dependent on the value of the chop current. The greater the value of the chop current the greater the peak of the induced transient voltage, so the risk of re-ignition of the arc is greater and the insulation of the equipment connected to the grid is more greatly stressed. The induced transient voltage starts to increase in value, but the distance between the contacts of the switch is minimal, so the current will probably be restored. The current will be cut off again at its first zero-crossing but if the distance between contacts is still not sufficient, the arc will be re-ignited again, this sequence being able to be repeated several times to the detriment of the installation safety. This situation occurs before the disconnector has started operating.
- In addition to the re-ignition of the electric arc due to a high value of the induced transient recovery voltage in breaking-isolation switching, especially in capacitive circuits, the phenomenon of non-sustained disruptive discharges (NSDD), which are discharges produced between the contacts of a vacuum circuit breaker during the industrial frequency recovery voltage period, can also occur, causing a passage of high frequency current linked to the stray capacitance in the area nearby the switch. This phenomenon is more probable in vacuum circuit breakers.
- When the re-ignition of the arc occurs after a break in a capacitive circuit, the voltage increases on the load side, and therefore the voltage supported between the open contacts of the vacuum switch must be greater, which increases the probability of a new re-ignition of the electric arc occurring.
- On the other hand, the growing trend to use vacuum technology is reinforced and assured by the appearance of the distributed generation (solar energy, wind energy, etc.), which has aided in the development of the concept of micro-grids and Smart Grids. These grids act like smart systems capable of having a two-way relationship with the electric power system, i.e., if needed, they absorb energy but they can also inject it, so the number of breaking and connection switching operations in the distribution step increases exponentially. Furthermore, breaking devices must assure that in response to a power system failure which causes the disconnection thereof, the micro-grid is disconnected from the load for two reasons: to prevent the disruption of the electric system from affecting the loads supplied by the micro-grid and to prevent the so-called islanding effect, whereby loads of grids other than the micro-grid are supplied solely by the sources present in the micro-grid. Therefore, for safe operation of these new electric power generation and distribution solutions, highly reliable and very durable breaking elements are essential. A possible cause of islanding is the failure in the opening of the switches which control the power flow (absorption/injection) of micro-grids when a failure occurs in the electric system forcing the disconnection thereof. It is therefore very important to assure the cutoff, but not only of high fault currents but also of small currents, especially capacitive currents.
- The controlgear is usually insulated in a dielectric medium, which is normally air or another fluid medium, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dry air, oil, etc., for the purpose of reducing the distance between phases and thereby achieving a compact enclosure that is impermeable to outside or environmental conditions such as contamination or moisture. In this sense, the enclosure may or may not be leak-tight, depending on the dielectric medium used.
-
US 3 708 638 A discloses high-voltage electrical switchgear according to the preamble of claim1. - The present invention relates to electrical switchgear according to
claim 1 that can be applied in electric power distribution installations, such as, for example, electric transformer sub-stations, distribution centers, sub-stations, etc., for electric circuit protection and switching. Said switchgear comprises an enclosure, this enclosure being able to be leak-tight and therefore insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dry air, oil, etc. - The switchgear of the invention comprises:
- switching means arranged between at least one bar of a main circuit and at least one shunting bar, said switching means comprising at least one circuit breaker and a switch-disconnector connected in series (these switching means can be housed inside the enclosure). Switch-disconnector is understood as a disconnector with load opening (breaking) capacity of the electric circuit
- at least one switching mechanism for operating the switching means, such that they can perform breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing functions (the switching mechanism can be arranged outside the enclosure)
- intensity and/or voltage measuring means and at least one control/protection device for activating the operation of the at least one switching mechanism.
- According to the invention the operation of the switching means depends on the reading of the measuring means, such that a first switching mechanism operates the opening of the switch-disconnector in the case of currents equal to or less than the nominal current, whereas a second switching mechanism operates the opening of the circuit breaker before the opening of the switch-disconnector in the case of currents greater than the nominal current.
- The measuring means measure the intensity and/or voltage magnitudes, and depending on the reading obtained, at least one control/protection device, such as, for example, a relay, commands the operation of the circuit breaker or the switch-disconnector. Therefore, the detection of a current equal to or less than the nominal current, such as, for example, a capacitive or inductive current, entails the opening of the switch-disconnector instead of the opening of the circuit breaker. The switch-disconnector can be a hinge-type three-position earthing switch-disconnector (connection-isolation-earthing) and is integrated inside the enclosure which can be leak-tight and insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, SF6. On the other hand, the circuit breaker comprises a vacuum bottle and is also integrated inside the enclosure.
- The fact that the operation of the switching means depends on the readings of the measuring means and that the small currents (≤ nominal currents) are cut off in an extinguishing and insulating medium with a high dielectric strength, for example SF6, allows preventing transient recovery voltage peaks and re-ignition situations, as well as reducing stress on the insulations of the equipment electric. As a result of these features in breaking-isolation switching, the phenomenon of non-sustained disruptive discharges (NSDD) is also prevented. Likewise, given that the opening (breaking) switching operations are distributed between the circuit breaker and the switch-disconnector, the number of switching operations that the vacuum circuit breaker must perform is reduced, so the electrical and mechanical endurance of the assembly formed by the switch-switching mechanism is greater.
- The possibility that the switch-disconnector can be switching means with short-circuit making capacity has been contemplated. The second switching mechanism therefore operates the closing of the circuit breaker before the closing of the switch-disconnector in a connecting operation, and accordingly, the circuit breaker does not sustain any wear due to the pre-arc of the closure, the circuit breaker therefore being maintained in the best possible conditions for being able to cut off currents greater than the nominal current, and to therefore prevent unwanted phenomena, such as the deterioration or the possibility of the contacts of the switch being welded together, for example.
- According to a first embodiment, the circuit breaker is connected to the shunting bar and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector is installed upstream in connection with the bar of the main circuit. In this sense, the first and second switching mechanisms comprise a mechanical interlocking such that the circuit breaker and the switch-disconnector can be operated one after the other according to the opening or connecting sequence explained above.
- According to a second embodiment, the circuit breaker is connected to the bar of the main circuit and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector is installed downstream, said switch-disconnector being connected to the shunting bar. In this embodiment it is not necessary to arrange any mechanical interlocking.
- Furthermore, the possibility that the operation of the circuit breaker and of the switch-disconnector is motor-driven has been contemplated.
- Finally, there are highly reliable and very durable switching elements even for a safe operation of new electric generation and distribution solutions, such as of micro-grids and of "Smart Grids", assuring that in response to a failure in the power system that causes the disconnection thereof, the micro-grid is disconnected from the load, thereby preventing the so-called islanding effect and preventing the disruption of the electric system from affecting the loads supplied by the micro-grid.
- To complement the description and for the purpose of aiding to better understand the features of the invention according to a preferred practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description in which the following has been depicted with an illustrative and non-limiting character:
-
Figure 1 shows a single-line diagram relating to the state of the art of electrical switchgear comprising a disconnector (10) and a circuit breaker (4). -
Figure 2 shows a single-line diagram of the electrical switchgear according to a first embodiment of the invention, showing the earthing switch-disconnector (5) connected in series upstream of the circuit breaker (4), both switching means being integrated inside the enclosure (1). -
Figure 3 shows a single-line diagram of the electrical switchgear according to a second embodiment of the invention, showing the earthing switch-disconnector (5) connected in series downstream of the circuit breaker (4), both switching means being integrated inside the enclosure (1). -
Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the enclosure (1) with the switching mechanisms (8, 9) on the outside according to the embodiment ofFigure 2 . - As shown in
Figure 2 , the invention relates to electrical switchgear integrated inside an enclosure (1) comprising a series of elements, among others, switching means (4, 5) which allow performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing switching functions of the electric circuit. The enclosure is leak-tight, and therefore insulated in a fluid, such as, for example, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dry air, oil, etc. - The switching means comprise a two-position (breaking-connection) circuit breaker (4) and a three-position (connection-isolation-earthing) earthing switch-disconnector (5) which can be a hinge-type switch-disconnector. The circuit breaker (4) is a vacuum switch installed inside the enclosure (1), said switch (4) being connected to the shunting bar (3). The switch-disconnector (5) is installed in series with the switch (4) and upstream in connection with the bar of the main circuit (2), being integrated inside the enclosure (1), and therefore insulated in the insulating fluid contained in said enclosure.
- According to
Figure 3 , the possibility that the switch-disconnector (5) is connected in series and downstream of the switch (4) has been contemplated, such that the circuit breaker (4) is connected to the bar of the main circuit (2) and the switch-disconnector (5) is connected to the shunting bar (3). - The circuit breaker (4) comprises a switching mechanism (9) and the switch-disconnector (5) comprises another switching mechanism (8), these switching mechanisms (8, 9) being responsible for producing and transmitting the operating force to said switching means (4, 5) for performing breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing functions. As shown in
Figure 4 , these switching mechanisms (8, 9) are installed outside the enclosure (1). - The operation of the switching means (4, 5) can be manual or the operation of the circuit breaker (4) and of the switch-disconnector (5) can be motor-driven as shown in the embodiment of
Figure 2 . - The electrical switchgear also comprises intensity measuring means (6) and/or voltage measuring means (7) which can be installed both upstream of the switch-disconnector (5), for example in the case of providing voltage/intensity detection in bars of the main circuit (2), or they can be installed downstream of the circuit breaker (4) as shown in the embodiment of
Figure 2 ,. - The measurement of the intensity and/or voltage magnitudes obtained through the measuring means (6, 7) is treated by at least one control/protection device, for example a relay, and the control/protection device commands the operation of the switch (4) or of the switch-disconnector (5) depending on the value of said magnitudes. In this sense, the measurement of a current equal to or less than the nominal current, such as, for example, a capacitive or inductive current, entails the opening (breaking) of the switch-disconnector (5) instead of the opening of the circuit breaker (4). In contrast, in the case of currents greater than the nominal current, the switching mechanism (9) operates the opening (breaking) of the circuit breaker (4) before the opening of the switch-disconnector (5).
- Small currents (≤ nominal current) are cut off in an extinguishing and insulating medium with a high dielectric strength, such as, for example, SF6, whereas high currents (> nominal current) are cut off by means of a highly reliable and very durable breaking element based on vacuum technology.
- The switch-disconnector (5) is switching means with short-circuit making capacity. The switching mechanism (9) therefore operates the closing of the circuit breaker (4) before the closing of the switch-disconnector (5) in a connecting operation, and accordingly, the circuit breaker (4) does not sustain any wear due to the pre-arc of the closure.
- The switching mechanisms (8, 9) comprise a mechanical interlocking such that the circuit breaker (4) and the switch-disconnector (5) can be operated one after the other according to the opening or connecting sequence.
- The reference numbers used in this text represent the following elements:
- 1.- Enclosure
- 2.- Bar of a main circuit
- 3.- Shunting bar
- 4.- Circuit breaker
- 5.- Earthing switch-disconnector
- 6.- Intensity measuring means
- 7.- Voltage measuring means
- 8.- Switching mechanism of the switch-disconnector (5)
- 9.- Switching mechanism of the circuit breaker (4)
- 10.- Earthing disconnector
- On the other hand, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described, but also covers, for example, the variants that can be devised by the person skilled in the art (for example, those variants in terms of the choice of the materials, size, components, configuration, etc.), within that which is inferred from the claims.
Claims (9)
- High-voltage electrical switchgear comprising:an enclosure (1),switching means arranged between at least one bar of a main circuit (2) and at least one shunting bar (3), said switching means comprising at least one circuit breaker (4) and a switch-disconnector (5) connected in series, and wherein both the at least one circuit breaker (4) and the switch-disconnector (5) are integrated inside the enclosure (1),at least one switching mechanism (8, 9) for operating the switching means, such that they can perform breaking and/or connection and/or isolation and/or earthing functions andintensity and/or voltage measuring means (6, 7), as well as at least one control/protection device for activating the operation of the at least one switching mechanism (8, 9),characterized in that the switch disconnector is a three-position earthing switch-disconnector (5), configured to perform connection, isolation and/or earthing functions of the electrical switchgear,and wherein the operation of the switching means depends on the reading of the measuring means (6, 7), such that at least one switching mechanism (8, 9) operates the opening of the three-position earthing switch-disconnector (5) instead of the opening of the circuit breaker (4) in the case of currents equal to or less than the nominal current, said opening of the three-position earthing switch-disconnector (5) being cut off in an extinguishing and insulating medium with a high dielectric strength, whereas it operates the opening of the circuit breaker (4) before the opening of the three-position earthing switch-disconnector (5) in the case of currents greater than the nominal current.
- Electrical switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-disconnector (5) is switching means with short-circuit making capacity.
- Electrical switchgear according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching mechanism (9) operates the closing of the circuit breaker (4) before the closing of the switch-disconnector (5) in a connecting operation.
- Electrical switchgear according to claim 3, characterized in that the switching mechanisms (8, 9) comprise a mechanical interlocking such that the circuit breaker (4) and the switch-disconnector (5) can be operated one after the other according to the opening or connecting sequence, the circuit breaker (4) being connected to the shutting bar (3) and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector (5) is installed upstream in connection with the bar of the main circuit (2).
- Electrical switchgear according to claim 3, characterized in that the circuit breaker (4) is connected to the bar of the main circuit (2) and in series with the latter, and the switch-disconnector (5) is installed downstream in connection with the shutting bar (3).
- Electrical switchgear according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the operation of the circuit breaker (4) and of the switch-disconnector (5) is motor-driven.
- Electrical switchgear according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit breaker (4) comprises a vacuum bottle.
- Electrical switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-disconnector (5) is a hinge-type switch-disconnector.
- Electrical switchgear according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the enclosure (1) is leak-tight and incorporates a dielectric fluid.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13382026T PL2620969T3 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2013-01-25 | High-voltage electrical switchgear |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201230081U ES1076268Y (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2012-01-25 | HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL APARTMENT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2620969A1 EP2620969A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2620969B1 true EP2620969B1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
Family
ID=45560177
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13382026.6A Active EP2620969B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2013-01-25 | High-voltage electrical switchgear |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2620969B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2620969T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES1076268Y (en) |
PL (1) | PL2620969T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR112019022078A2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2020-05-05 | Ormazabal Y Cia S L U | switching mechanism for electrical power distribution apparatus and switching procedure |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH297152A (en) * | 1943-07-05 | 1954-03-15 | Licentia Gmbh | Compressed gas switch with several interruption points. |
US3171004A (en) * | 1961-07-18 | 1965-02-23 | Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co | Mechanism and circuitry for high voltage switching |
US3708638A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-01-02 | Gen Electric | Vacuum type electric circuit breaker |
DE4405206A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Abb Research Ltd | Switching device |
DE10022415A1 (en) * | 1999-10-09 | 2001-05-03 | Abb Patent Gmbh | High voltage switching device has two switching units, one designed for dielectric loads and the other for short circuits or arcs |
EP2244275B1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2014-06-18 | Ormazabal Y Cia., S.L.U. | Switchgear for electric distribution networks |
-
2012
- 2012-01-25 ES ES201230081U patent/ES1076268Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-01-25 DK DK13382026.6T patent/DK2620969T3/en active
- 2013-01-25 ES ES13382026.6T patent/ES2566653T3/en active Active
- 2013-01-25 EP EP13382026.6A patent/EP2620969B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-25 PL PL13382026T patent/PL2620969T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2620969T3 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
ES2566653T3 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
ES1076268U (en) | 2012-02-21 |
ES1076268Y (en) | 2012-05-22 |
EP2620969A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
DK2620969T3 (en) | 2016-03-21 |
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