EP2620607B1 - Ensemble piston-cylindre et procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant de l'ensemble piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Ensemble piston-cylindre et procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant de l'ensemble piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2620607B1
EP2620607B1 EP12192495.5A EP12192495A EP2620607B1 EP 2620607 B1 EP2620607 B1 EP 2620607B1 EP 12192495 A EP12192495 A EP 12192495A EP 2620607 B1 EP2620607 B1 EP 2620607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
lubricant
opening
cylinder
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12192495.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2620607A1 (fr
Inventor
Konrad Räss
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP12192495.5A priority Critical patent/EP2620607B1/fr
Publication of EP2620607A1 publication Critical patent/EP2620607A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/14—Timed lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F5/00—Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F01M2011/022—Arrangements of lubricant conduits for lubricating cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F02F3/225—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid the liquid being directed into blind holes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular for a slow-running large diesel engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular for a slow-running large diesel engine according to claim 11.
  • lubrication of a piston moving in a cylinder is effected by lubricating means in the piston or in a cylinder wall.
  • lubricant in particular lubricating oil introduced and thus applied to a running surface of the cylinder wall to minimize the friction between the piston and the tread and thus the wear of the tread and arranged on a piston circumference piston rings. That's how it is Today, with modern engines, such as Wärtsilä's RTA engines, treadwear wear is less than 0.05mm with 1000 hours of operation.
  • the lubricant delivery rate is about 1.0 g / kWh and less in such engines and should not least be further reduced for cost reasons, while at the same time minimizing wear.
  • the dosage of the lubricant is an important issue.
  • the quantity of lubricant to be applied to the running surface per unit of time and area may depend on many different parameters during operation of the reciprocating internal combustion engine.
  • the chemical composition of the fuel used, in particular its sulfur content plays an important role.
  • the lubricant is used, inter alia, for the neutralization of aggressive acids, especially sulfur-containing acids that arise during the combustion process in the combustion chamber of the engine , Therefore, depending on the fuel used, different grades of lubricant can be used, which differ, inter alia, in their neutralizability, for which the so-called BN value of the lubricant is a measure.
  • a lubricant having a higher BN value at a high sulfur content in the fuel than a fuel having a lower sulfur content because a lubricant having a higher BN value has a stronger acid neutralization effect.
  • the lubricant also serves, for example, as a binding agent for water, which can get into the cylinder of the large diesel engine with the scavenging air or in some other way.
  • the amount of lubricant to be introduced by a particular lubricant nozzle at a particular time various methods are known. In simple cases, the amount of lubricant, possibly taking into account the quality of the fuel used and the lubricant itself, controlled depending on the operating state of the reciprocating internal combustion engine, for example as a function of load or speed, due to already performed operating hours and the state of wear of the mating partner into account Can be found.
  • lubrication devices are known in which the lubricant is applied through a plurality of lubricant openings, which are accommodated in the circumferential direction in the cylinder wall, on the piston passing to the lubricant opening, wherein the lubricant is distributed by the piston rings in both the circumferential direction and in the axial direction.
  • a cylinder lubricating device is used for example in the EP 2 199 549 A1 described.
  • a lubrication device accommodates a plurality of lubricant nozzles in the moving piston, via which lubricant can be applied to the tread.
  • lubricant can be applied substantially anywhere over the entire height of the tread at any point.
  • crank angle of the crankshaft of the engine This position is also described by the so-called crank angle of the crankshaft of the engine.
  • the lubricant In the case of concepts of lubricating devices with lubricant nozzles in the moving piston, the lubricant must be transported to the lubricant nozzles over long, complex and therefore tolerated feeds, usually using toggle levers.
  • a valve for metering the lubricant can be arranged for reasons of space and due to the conditions in the cylinder only outside of the cylinder.
  • a supply line between the valve and lubricant nozzles in a large diesel engine has a length of several meters and also a very complicated structure.
  • the control of the valve can be done very accurately, but the delay between control and actual introduction of the lubricant is not exactly reproducible and therefore can not be accurately predetermined.
  • a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating internal combustion engine in the form of a two-stroke large diesel engine has a cylinder lubrication device with at least one lubricant opening.
  • the lubricant port is axially positioned to be positioned between a piston top edge and a piston bottom edge at an OT position of the piston in which the piston is at top dead center (TDC).
  • the object of the invention is in contrast to propose a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which allow effective lubrication of the piston. According to the invention this object is achieved with a piston-cylinder unit having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 11.
  • the piston-cylinder unit according to the invention has a cylinder in the form of a cylinder liner, in which a piston along a piston axis between a top dead center and a bottom dead center in the axial direction is arranged back and forth movable.
  • the piston has a piston upper edge and a piston lower edge, wherein the piston upper edge is defined by the uppermost point in the direction of an outlet valve of a lateral surface of the piston.
  • the piston lower edge is defined from the lowest point of the lateral surface in the direction of a so-called piston underside space opposite to the outlet valve.
  • Pistons of large diesel engines are usually constructed in two pieces. They have a so-called piston crown on which piston rings are arranged.
  • the lower edge of the piston is defined from the lowest point of the part of the piston skirt.
  • the top dead center then corresponds to the axial position of the piston top edge, in which the piston has the smallest distance to the outlet valve.
  • the bottom dead center corresponds accordingly to the axial position of the piston top edge, in which the piston has the greatest distance to the outlet valve and thus the smallest distance to the piston bottom side space.
  • the inventive piston cylinder also has a cylinder lubrication device with at least one first lubricant opening arranged in the cylinder liner.
  • a plurality of, for example, six to ten, in particular eight, lubricating oil openings are uniformly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder liner at the axial position of the first lubricant opening.
  • the cylinder lubrication device is designed so that via a lubricant line supplied lubricant can be introduced into the cylinder liner.
  • the lubricant is especially designed as a lubricating oil and may also contain a solid lubricant.
  • the lubricant openings may be designed and arranged so that the lubricant can be introduced tangentially or radially into the cylinder liner.
  • a cylinder inner wall of the cylinder liner may in particular have grooves into which the lubricant can be introduced and thus a better distribution of the lubricant is made possible.
  • Said grooves can have the same axial position over the entire circumference or in particular form a zig-zag pattern.
  • the first lubricant port is axially positioned to be positioned between the piston top edge and the piston bottom edge at an OT position of the piston in which the piston is at top dead center (OT for short).
  • the first lubricant opening is positioned axially such that at the OT position of the piston, the distance between the piston top edge and the lubricant opening between 35% and 65%, In particular, 50% of the distance between the piston top edge and piston lower edge is.
  • the direction of movement of the piston reverses, before the top dead center, it moves upward in the direction of the exhaust valve, after top dead center, it moves downwards in the direction of the piston bottom space.
  • the piston is therefore braked towards top dead center and accelerated again after top dead center.
  • the piston thus has a speed of zero, before and after top dead center only a very low speed.
  • the introduction of the lubricant takes place in particular when the piston is in or shortly before the TDC position.
  • the piston in the area in which the first lubricant opening is positioned at the TDC position of the piston, the piston has a circumferential recess.
  • the lubricant can be injected tangentially to the cylinder liner without obstruction by the piston, whereby a particularly effective distribution of the lubricant is made possible.
  • a top, first piston ring, a so-called top ring, and between the first piston ring and the piston lower edge, a second piston ring are also arranged on a lateral surface of the piston.
  • the piston has at least one third piston ring between the first piston ring and the piston lower edge.
  • the first lubricant opening is arranged axially so that it is in the TDC position of the piston between two adjacent piston rings, in particular between the first and the subsequent second piston ring is positioned.
  • the first lubricant opening is arranged axially so that it is positioned at the TDC position of the piston between the piston top edge and the first piston ring.
  • the lubricant can be applied to a region of the piston which is connected without obstruction by a piston ring with a combustion chamber arranged above the piston.
  • the lubricant can neutralize particularly effectively formed during the combustion of the fuel acids and prevent damage to the cylinder liner and the piston by the acids.
  • a supply piston ring is arranged with a recess for receiving lubricant on the lateral surface of the piston.
  • the recess is designed, for example, as a circumferential groove, which is radially open to the outside.
  • the recess can receive lubricant and deliver during the movement of the piston and thus the supply piston ring to the running surface of the cylinder liner.
  • the reservoir piston ring is in particular loaded with a spring element, for example an annular spring, which presses the reservoir piston ring against the running surface of the cylinder liner with a predeterminable force.
  • the lubricant in the recess can distribute particularly well over the circumference of the stock piston ring.
  • the first lubricant port is axially located so that it is positioned at the level of the reservoir piston ring at the TDC position of the piston. This can be in the TDC position of the piston or when the piston is just before the TDC position over the lubricant opening lubricant are conveyed into the recess of the stock piston ring. Thus, a particularly good and uniform distribution of the lubricant can be achieved on the tread both in the axial and in the circumferential direction.
  • the piston-cylinder unit has a second lubricant opening in the cylinder liner, which is arranged axially spaced from the first lubricant opening.
  • a plurality of, for example six to ten, in particular eight lubricating oil openings are uniformly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder liner at the same axial position.
  • the first and second lubricant ports may be supplied with lubricant via either common or separate lubricant supply lines. During the supply of lubricant via a common lubricant supply line, different areas of the piston or the cylinder surface can be supplied with Schnierstoff via the two lubricant openings at a time. The cost of supplying the lubricant openings is particularly low.
  • first and the second lubricant opening are supplied via separate and thus also separately supplied with lubricant lubricant lines, a particularly flexible lubricating device results.
  • lubricant openings By selecting the times in which the lubricant openings are supplied with lubricant, targeted areas of the piston or the cylinder surface can be supplied with lubricant. It is also possible to lubricate the same area twice.
  • the second lubricant opening is arranged axially so that it is positioned at the TDC position of the piston between the piston top edge and the piston lower edge. This results in the advantages mentioned for the first lubricant opening also for the second lubricant opening.
  • lubricating oil holes are included especially evenly distributed over the circumference. At both axial positions, for example, six to ten, in particular eight lubricating oil openings are distributed over the circumference. This ensures a particularly uniform distribution of the introduced lubricant both in the axial and in the circumferential direction.
  • a first introduction of a lubricant in a cylinder liner is such that a first insertion opening is located at an axial position between a piston top and piston lower edge of the piston and a speed of the piston smaller than 2.5 m / s, in particular less than 1 m / s.
  • the reciprocating internal combustion engine has a cylinder liner and a piston having a piston top edge and a piston lower edge, wherein the piston is arranged along a piston axis in the cylinder liner between a top dead center and a bottom dead center in the axial direction back and forth movable.
  • the reciprocating internal combustion engine is designed in particular as a two-stroke large diesel engine.
  • the reciprocating internal combustion engine has a cylinder lubrication device with at least one first lubricant opening arranged in the cylinder liner, which is embodied such that lubricant can be introduced into the cylinder liner.
  • the piston speed depending on the axial position of the piston can either be measured or calculated based on geometric characteristics such as the lift from the measured speed.
  • the first introduction of the lubricant into the cylinder liner is such that the first insertion opening at an axial position between a at a Mantle surface of the piston disposed uppermost, first piston ring and a first piston ring in the direction of the piston lower edge adjacent second piston ring is located.
  • the first introduction of the lubricant in the cylinder liner is carried out so that the first insertion opening is located at an axial position at the level of a arranged on the lateral surface of the piston supply piston ring with a recess for receiving lubricant.
  • This lubricant can be promoted in the recess of the reservoir piston ring on the lubricant opening.
  • a particularly good and uniform distribution of the lubricant can be achieved on the tread both in the axial and in the circumferential direction.
  • a second introduction of lubricant into the cylinder liner via a second lubricant opening in addition to the first introduction of lubricant from the first lubricant opening, a second introduction of lubricant into the cylinder liner via a second lubricant opening.
  • the second lubricant opening is arranged axially spaced from the first lubricant opening.
  • the second introduction is made so that the second insertion opening is located at an axial position between the piston top edge and the uppermost, first piston ring.
  • the second introduction of lubricant takes place in particular when the second introduction opening is positioned relative to the piston such that an axial distance of the introduction opening from the piston top edge corresponds to approximately 66% of the distance of the first, uppermost piston ring from the piston top edge.
  • a cylinder arrangement has a piston-cylinder unit 10 with a cylinder in the form of a cylinder liner 11 and a piston 12.
  • the cylinder assembly also has a fresh air supply system 13.
  • the cylinder arrangement of Fig. 1 is a typical arrangement, as known for longitudinally flushed two-stroke large diesel engines per se from the prior art.
  • the piston 12 is arranged to be movable back and forth along a cylinder wall 14 of the cylinder liner 11.
  • the piston 12 performs the reciprocating motion between two reversal points, namely, top dead center (TDC) and bottom dead center (TDC), with top dead center (TDC) located between bottom dead center (BDC) and an exhaust valve 16.
  • the piston 12 comprises a piston ring packing 15, which is shown here schematically with only two piston rings, namely with the exhaust valve 16 and thus also a combustion chamber 17 closest first top piston ring 18, which is also referred to as top ring, and a second piston ring 19, which is disposed below the first piston ring 18 with respect to the exhaust valve 16.
  • the combustion chamber 17 is shown at the top by a cylinder cover 20 with an injection nozzle 21, by means of which fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber 17, and the exhaust valve 16, the in Fig. 1 is shown in an open position limited.
  • the piston 12 is in a conventional manner via a piston rod 22 with an in Fig. 1 not shown crosshead, from which the reciprocating movement of the piston 12 is transmitted during operation of the large diesel engine to a crankshaft, also not shown, of the large diesel engine.
  • the piston rod 22 is guided by a piston lower side space 23, which adjoins the cylinder liner 11 below with respect to the outlet valve 16, and a stuffing box 24 which seals the piston underside space 23 against an underlying crankshaft space 25, so that no fresh air, symbolized by an arrow 26, which supplies a likewise unillustrated turbocharger under a high pressure, for example, under a pressure of four bar the piston lower side space 23, from the piston lower side space 23 can enter into the crankshaft space 25.
  • a section of a piston-cylinder unit 110 is shown with a cylinder lubricator 127.
  • the piston-cylinder unit 110 is comparable to the piston-cylinder unit 10 Fig. 1 built up. In Fig. 2 However, only the relevant for the description of the cylinder lubrication 127 components of the piston-cylinder device 110 are shown.
  • a piston 112 is designed as a piston 112 cooled internally with a cooling oil 128, wherein the cooling oil 128 is supplied and removed via supply lines, not shown.
  • the piston 112 of the piston-cylinder device 110 is in the Fig. 2 shown in a TDC position in which it is in top dead center (TDC) and in which it does not move for a moment even during operation of the large diesel engine and thus has a speed of 0.
  • the top dead center (TDC) is based on a piston top edge 129.
  • the piston top edge 129 is replaced by the in the direction of a Fig. 2 Not illustrated exhaust valve top point of a lateral surface 131 of the piston 112 defined.
  • the piston 112 is in the direction of in Fig. 2 not shown bottom dead center along a piston axis A in a cylinder liner 111 in the axial direction arranged to move back and forth.
  • the piston 112 is constructed in two pieces. It is composed of a so-called piston crown 132 and a so-called piston skirt 133 screwed to the piston crown 132 with screws, not shown, the piston crown 132 in the direction of the outlet valve and the piston skirt 133 in the direction of an in Fig. 2 not shown piston bottom space is arranged.
  • the piston skirt 133 has a cylindrical lateral surface whose lower point in the direction of the piston underside defines a cylinder lower edge 130.
  • piston rings On the lateral surface 131 of the piston crown 132, three piston rings are arranged, a first piston ring 118 in the direction of the outlet valve, a second piston ring 119 adjacent to the piston lower edge 130 and a third piston ring 134 adjacent to the second piston ring 119 in the direction of the piston lower edge 130.
  • the cylinder lubricator 127 has a lubricant reservoir 135 from which a lubricant pump 137 driven by an electric motor 136 can deliver lubricant in the form of lubricating oil.
  • a valve arrangement 138 is arranged, by means of which a lubricant supply line 140 can be closed or opened.
  • the valve arrangement 138 is actuated by a control device 139.
  • the lubricant supply line 140 leads to a lubricant port 141 arranged in the cylinder liner 111 at an axial position 143, which is arranged such that lubricant can be introduced tangentially into the cylinder liner 111.
  • a lubricant port 141 arranged in the cylinder liner 111 at an axial position 143, which is arranged such that lubricant can be introduced tangentially into the cylinder liner 111.
  • the cylinder lubricating device 127 has a total of eight evenly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder liner 111 lubricating oil openings.
  • the valve assembly 138 can be opened, thus establishing a connection between the lubricant pump 137 and the lubricant port 141 and thus lubricant is introduced into the cylinder liner 111.
  • the exact structure of the cylinder lubricator 127 is not significant here, so the cylinder lubricator 127 is shown very simplified.
  • the controller 139 determines the timing and amount of the introduced lubricant mainly in dependence on the operating point of the reciprocating internal combustion engine and the fuel composition.
  • the axial position 143 of the lubricant port 141 is important.
  • the axial position 143 is selected so that the lubricant opening 141 in the in Fig. 2 shown TDC position of the piston 112 between the first, uppermost piston ring 118 and the adjacent second piston ring 119 is arranged.
  • lubricant may be introduced through the lubricant port 141 between the two piston rings 118, 119 mentioned.
  • the speed of the piston 112 is very low because of the small or non-existent distance to the top dead center (TDC), it is in particular less than 1 m / s.
  • TDC top dead center
  • the distance between the piston top edge 129 and the lubricant opening 141 in the TDC position of the piston 112 is approximately 50% of the distance between the piston top edge 129 and piston bottom edge 130.
  • the cylinder liner 111 has, in its upper region, which is assigned in the direction of the outlet valve, a cooling jacket 142, in which cooling channels through which coolant flows, not shown, are arranged.
  • the cooling jacket 142 serves to cool the cylinder liner 111 in the region of the combustion chamber.
  • the Lubricant opening 141 is arranged in the region of the cooling jacket 142.
  • the lubricant opening can also be arranged below the cooling jacket.
  • a section of a second embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit is shown.
  • an axial position 243 of a lubricant port 241 in a cylinder liner 211 is selected so that the lubricant port 241 is between a second piston ring 219 and a third piston ring 234 in an illustrated TDC position of the piston 212, with the second piston ring 219 adjacent is disposed below the first piston ring 218 and the third piston ring 234 adjacent below the second piston ring 219.
  • FIG. 4 is a section of a third embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit shown.
  • a first lubricant port 341 is like the lubricant port 141 in FIG Fig. 2 arranged such that the lubricant opening 341 is in the illustrated TDC position of the piston 312 between a first, uppermost piston ring 318 and an adjacent second piston ring 319.
  • the piston 312 has a circumferential recess 347 between the first piston ring 318 and the second piston ring 319.
  • the introduction of the lubricant takes place when the recess 347 and the first insertion opening 341 are at a height.
  • the lubricant can be injected tangentially to the cylinder liner 311 without obstruction by the piston 312.
  • the piston may also have a corresponding circumferential recess between these two piston rings.
  • Fig. 5 is a section of a fourth embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit shown.
  • an axial position 443 of a lubricant port 441 in a cylinder liner 411 is selected so that the lubricant port 441 is in an illustrated TDC position of the piston 412 between a cylinder top edge 429 and a first, uppermost piston ring 418 is located.
  • a section of a fifth embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit is shown.
  • an axial position 543 of a lubricant port 541 in a cylinder liner 511 is selected such that the lubricant port 541 is between a third piston ring 534 nearest the cylinder bottom edge 530 and the cylinder lower edge 530 in an illustrated TDC position of the piston 512.
  • a section of a sixth embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit is shown.
  • an axial position 643 of a lubricant port 641 in a cylinder liner 611 is selected so that the lubricant port 641 is in the illustrated TDC position of the piston 612 at the level of a stock piston ring 619 which is arranged as the middle of three piston rings ,
  • the supply piston ring 619 has a circumferential recess 644 which can receive lubricant.
  • lubricant Via the lubricant opening 641 lubricant can be conveyed into the recess 644 of the reservoir piston ring 619, which can then be dispensed during the further movement of the piston 612 and thus also of the reservoir piston ring 619 and thus distributed.
  • the supply piston ring 619 is pressed radially outwards in the direction of the cylinder liner 611 by means of a spring accumulator in the form of a helical spring 645.
  • a section of a seventh embodiment of a piston-cylinder unit is shown.
  • the lubricant supply has two lubricant ports 741 and 746.
  • the first lubricant port 741 is like the lubricant port 141 in FIG Fig. 2 arranged such that the lubricant port 741 is in the illustrated TDC position of the piston 712 between a first, uppermost piston ring 718 and an adjacent second piston ring 719.
  • the second lubricant port 746 is like the lubricant port 241 in FIG Fig. 3 arranged such that the lubricant opening 746 in the illustrated TDC position of the piston 712 between a cylinder top edge 729 and the first, uppermost piston ring 718 is located.
  • the second lubricant opening 746 is thus also located between the upper piston edge 729 and a lower piston edge 730.
  • the lubricating oil openings 741, 746 are supplied with lubricant independently of one another via separate lubricating oil supply lines, not shown. It is thus possible, either simultaneously or also offset in time lubricant via the two lubricant openings 741, 746 bring.
  • FIG. 2 shows the distribution of four lubricant openings 741, 746 circumferentially in a cross section of the cylinder liner 711 at the level of the second lubricant opening 746.
  • the first lubricant openings 741 are shown in dashed lines and the second lubricant openings 746 shown in solid lines.
  • the first lubricant openings 741 are each arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The same also applies to the second lubricant openings 746, with an angle of 45 ° in each case between the first and second lubricant openings 741 and 746.
  • the described arrangement of the lubricating oil openings 141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641, 741 and 746 ensures that at all possible speeds of the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the speed of the piston 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612 and 712 during insertion of lubricant certainly less than 1 m / s and thus less than 2.5 m / s.
  • said speed limits can be maintained at all speeds, if the lubricant opening is arranged so that they are not between the piston top edge and lower edge of the piston in a TDC position of the piston is positioned. Also in this case, the implementation of the inventive method is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Unité piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne à pistons alternatifs, notamment pour un grand moteur diesel à deux temps,
    - avec une chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711) et un piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) ayant un bord supérieur de piston (129, 429, 729) et un bord inférieur de piston (130, 530, 730), le piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) étant disposé mobile en mouvement axial alternatif entre un point mort supérieur (OT) et un point mort inférieur (UT) le long d'un axe de piston (A) dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711), et
    - un dispositif de lubrification de cylindre (127) comportant au moins une première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641, 741) disposée dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711), qui est adaptée pour permettre l'introduction de lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711),
    la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641, 741) étant disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit située, lors d'une position OT du piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) où le piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) se trouve au point mort supérieur (OT), entre le bord supérieur de piston (129, 429, 729) et le bord inférieur de piston (130, 530, 730),
    le piston (312) comprenant dans la zone dans laquelle l'ouverture pour lubrifiant (341) est positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (312), un évidement périphérique (347),
    caractérisée en ce que,
    sur une enveloppe (131) du piston (12, 112, 712), un segment supérieur, le premier segment (18, 118, 718), est disposé et que, entre le premier segment (18, 118, 718) et le bord inférieur de piston (129, 729), un deuxième segment (19, 119, 719) est disposé, et que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 741) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (12, 112, 712) entre le premier segment (18, 118, 718) et le deuxième segment (19, 119, 719).
  2. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 241, 341, 641, 741) est positionnée axialement de façon que, lors de la position OT du piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 612, 712), la distance entre le bord supérieur de piston (129, 729) et la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 241, 341, 641, 741) soit entre 35% et 65% de la distance entre le bord supérieur de piston (129, 729) et le bord inférieur de piston (130, 730).
  3. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que, sur une enveloppe (131) du piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 712), un troisième segment (134, 234) est disposé et que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 234, 741) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (12, 212, 312, 112, 512) entre deux segments avoisinants (18, 118, 219, 318, 718 ; 19, 119, 234, 319, 719).
  4. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le troisième segment (134) est disposé entre le deuxième segment (19, 119, 319, 719) et le bord inférieur de piston (129, 729) et que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 341, 741) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (12, 112, 712) entre le premier segment (18, 118, 318, 718) et le deuxième segment (19, 119, 319, 719).
  5. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (441) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (412), entre le bord supérieur de piston (429) et le premier segment (418).
  6. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que sur le piston (612) est disposé un segment de stockage (619) avec un évidement (644) pour stocker du lubrifiant, et que la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (641) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (612), à hauteur du segment de stockage (619).
  7. Unité piston-cylindre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par une deuxième ouverture pour lubrifiant (746) dans la chemise de cylindre (711), qui est disposée axialement espacée de la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (741).
  8. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième ouverture pour lubrifiant (746) est disposée axialement de façon qu'elle soit positionnée lors de la position OT du piston (712), entre le bord supérieur de piston (729) et le bord inférieur de piston (730).
  9. Unité piston-cylindre selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce qu'aux positions axiales des première et deuxième ouvertures pour lubrifiant (741, 746), d'autres ouvertures pour lubrifiant sont disposées qui sont réparties sur la périphérie de la chemise de cylindre (711) et décalées les unes par rapport aux autres dans le sens périphérique.
  10. Procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant d'un piston d'une unité piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne à pistons alternatifs, notamment pour un grand moteur diesel à deux temps, avec
    - une chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711) et un piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) selon une des revendications 1 à 9, avec un bord supérieur de piston (129, 429, 729) et un bord inférieur de piston (130, 530, 730), le piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) étant disposé mobile en mouvement axial alternatif entre un point mort supérieur (OT) et un point mort inférieur (UT) le long d'un axe de piston (A) dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711), et
    - un dispositif de lubrification de cylindre (127) comportant au moins une première ouverture pour lubrifiant (141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641, 741) disposée dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711), qui est adaptée pour permettre l'introduction de lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711),
    une première introduction du lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711) étant effectuée de façon que la première ouverture d'introduction (141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641, 741) soit disposée à une première position axiale (143, 243, 343, 443, 543, 643) entre le bord supérieur de piston (129, 429, 729) et le bord inférieur de piston (130, 530, 730) et qu'une vitesse du piston (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) est inférieure à 2,5 m/s, notamment inférieure à 1 m/s.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la première introduction du lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (11, 111, 311, 711) est effectuée de façon que la première ouverture d'introduction (141, 341, 741) soit disposée à une position axiale (143, 343) entre un segment supérieur, le premier segment (18, 118, 318, 718), disposé sur une enveloppe (131) du piston (12, 112, 312, 712) et un deuxième segment (19, 119, 319, 719) avoisinant au premier segment (18, 118, 318, 718) et disposé en direction du bord inférieur de piston (130, 730).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la première introduction du lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (611) est effectuée de façon que la première ouverture d'introduction (641) soit disposée à une position axiale (643) à hauteur d'un segment de stockage (619) disposé sur l'enveloppe (631) du piston (612) et ayant un évidement (644) pour stocker du lubrifiant.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que, en plus de la première introduction de lubrifiant à partir de la première ouverture d'introduction (741), est effectuée une deuxième introduction de lubrifiant dans la chemise de cylindre (711) à partir d'une deuxième ouverture pour lubrifiant (746) qui est disposée axialement espacée de la première ouverture pour lubrifiant (741), et que la deuxième introduction est effectuée de façon que la deuxième ouverture d'introduction (746) soit disposée à une position axiale entre le bord supérieur de piston (729) et le segment le plus haut, le premier segment (718).
EP12192495.5A 2012-01-30 2012-11-14 Ensemble piston-cylindre et procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant de l'ensemble piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne Not-in-force EP2620607B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12192495.5A EP2620607B1 (fr) 2012-01-30 2012-11-14 Ensemble piston-cylindre et procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant de l'ensemble piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12153003 2012-01-30
EP12192495.5A EP2620607B1 (fr) 2012-01-30 2012-11-14 Ensemble piston-cylindre et procédé d'alimentation en lubrifiant de l'ensemble piston-cylindre pour un moteur à combustion interne

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EP2620607A1 EP2620607A1 (fr) 2013-07-31
EP2620607B1 true EP2620607B1 (fr) 2015-08-12

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CN103628945A (zh) * 2013-11-04 2014-03-12 北京理工大学 一种自由活塞式内燃发电机用压差式润滑装置
CN103628948B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2015-11-18 北京理工大学 一种自由活塞式内燃发电机用喷射润滑装置
CN113250782B (zh) * 2021-04-21 2022-11-29 长沙光华航空科技有限公司 一种发动机

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JPS5212801Y2 (fr) * 1972-12-28 1977-03-23
JPS5732244Y2 (fr) * 1978-01-30 1982-07-15
JPS6095162A (ja) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-28 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 内燃機関のシ−ル装置
DD232088A1 (de) * 1984-11-22 1986-01-15 Schwermasch Liebknecht Veb K Anordnung zur schmierung der zylinderlaufbahn von kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen
IT1182734B (it) * 1985-06-04 1987-10-05 Bart Sas Sistema di lubrificazione a recupero per pistone di un motore a due tempi con carter-pompa di lavaggio
DE3839949C1 (en) * 1988-11-26 1990-03-29 Man B & W Diesel Ag, 8900 Augsburg, De Lubrication system for a set of piston rings
DE4323262A1 (de) * 1993-07-12 1995-01-26 Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Anordnung für die Schmiermittelversorgung einer Hubkolbenmaschine
JPH0742521A (ja) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd シリンダ注油装置
JPH0742522A (ja) * 1993-08-03 1995-02-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd シリンダ注油装置
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EP2194244A1 (fr) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-09 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Dispositif de lubrification et procédé destiné à la lubrification d'une surface de roulement d'une paroi de cylindre
EP2199549A1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-23 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Dispositif de lubrification de cylindre pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2011027140A1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-10 Dan Merritt Moteur à combustion interne

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EP2620607A1 (fr) 2013-07-31
KR20130088076A (ko) 2013-08-07
JP2013155740A (ja) 2013-08-15

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