EP2619779B1 - Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents - Google Patents

Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2619779B1
EP2619779B1 EP11752205.2A EP11752205A EP2619779B1 EP 2619779 B1 EP2619779 B1 EP 2619779B1 EP 11752205 A EP11752205 A EP 11752205A EP 2619779 B1 EP2619779 B1 EP 2619779B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
housing
switch
switch according
contact arrangement
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Application number
EP11752205.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2619779A1 (en
Inventor
Javier Mantilla
Mathias-Dominic Buergler
Nicola Garbiboldi
Stephan Grob
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB Technology AG
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Priority to EP11752205.2A priority Critical patent/EP2619779B1/en
Publication of EP2619779A1 publication Critical patent/EP2619779A1/en
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Publication of EP2619779B1 publication Critical patent/EP2619779B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/027—Integrated apparatus for measuring current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas-insulated high voltage switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Switches of the aforementioned type are designed as a circuit breaker and have a rated current carrying capacity of at least a few kA in the voltage range of more than a few kV.
  • these switches are used as a generator switch and therefore contain a loadable with high rated currents contact arrangement with two - each a rated current and an arc contact containing - switching pieces.
  • a current path containing the rated current contacts serves to guide the major part of the operating current, whereas a power path connected in parallel with the nominal current path and containing the arcing contacts only briefly conducts the entire current when interrupting a generally extremely high-power current.
  • the arcing contacts then take on a powerful arc switching, which causes a more or less strong contact erosion depending on the size of the work done by him.
  • a switch of the type mentioned is described in DE U 20 2007 018 709 U1 ,
  • the contact erosion of the arcing contacts with the aid of sensors and a signal detection unit during operation of the switch, ie with the contact arrangement is closed, and the user of the switch is informed by a connected to the signal detection unit display on the caused by Maisabbrand current state of the arcing contacts , If a time interval is undershot, which corresponds to a critical value of reduced by burned length of the arcing contacts, the user is informed by an optical, especially colored, and / or an acoustic signal that the remaining life of the switch is relatively low.
  • Vacuum switch are each described with a located in an evacuated vessel contact arrangement.
  • the contact arrangement has two contacts which abut head-to-head when the contact arrangement is closed.
  • a movable of the two contacts is rigidly connected to a arranged outside the vessel rod of a driving force transmitting gear.
  • the contact erosion during operation of the switch is indicated in each case by means of an indicator which is attached directly to the rod or to an arm of a two-armed lever of the gearbox which is articulated to the drive rod.
  • the indicator shows the sum of the change in length of the two contacts and thus the remaining service life of the switch as a function of the position of the drive force on the transmission transmitting the contact arrangement.
  • a circuit breaker is described with a single contact arrangement and a device for Abbranddetetation the contacts.
  • the contact arrangement has two contacts which abut head-to-head when the contact arrangement is closed.
  • One of the two Kontak Republice is movable and is driven by the switch drive via lever.
  • the switch drive also moves a directly connected to the drive and located outside the housing lever, which reproduces the rotation angle of the drive shaft and thus indirectly indicates the position of the movable contact piece outside the housing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gas-insulated switch of the type mentioned, in which the determined by Maisabbrand the arcing contacts residual life is detected and displayed by simple mechanical means.
  • gas-insulated high-voltage switch serves to interrupt large currents and has a insulating gas-filled housing, a housing arranged in the contact arrangement, the two along an axis relative to each movable contact pieces each having a rated current and an arcing contact, a drive, which acts on a first of both contact pieces, and a device for detecting and indicating the induced by arc contact erosion of the two arcing contacts with an outside of the housing arranged display.
  • the detection and display device has a gas-tight guided by the housing gear with a coupled to the actuator drive member.
  • the switch according to the invention is therefore independent of the switch drive with the contact arrangement closed, i. Under operating conditions, detected by contact erosion shortening of the arcing contacts with simple mechanical means and this shortening and thus also the contact erosion respectively. the remaining life of the switch displayed by means of a suitably arranged and formed gear outside the housing. Since this switch is a switch with a rated current path and a parallel connected power path, in which it is essential for the switching behavior that the arc contacts disconnect within a certain time interval after opening the rated current contacts when switching off and within Close this time interval before the rated current contacts, so the reliability of the switch is increased in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the transmission can have a gas-tight guided through the wall of the housing shaft, whose lying within the housing end with the drive member and its outside of the housing end is connected to a display element of the display.
  • a switch can be made simple and economical and is also characterized by a good gas tightness.
  • the display of the remaining life of the switch is facilitated when the drive member is acted upon by a restoring force and is supported against the restoring force on the actuating member when the contact arrangement is closed.
  • the drive element is designed as a rigidly connected to the shaft two-armed lever, the first arm of the lever is acted upon by the restoring force and the second arm of the lever with closed contact arrangement on the actuator and with open contact arrangement supported on a fixed stop.
  • the detection and display device of the switch is therefore in a clearly defined position both with the contact assembly closed and opened. This allows a simple calibration of the detection and display device and increases the quality and reliability of the determined via a contact shortening values of Maisabbrands resp. the remaining life.
  • the transmission having a bearing block arranged in the housing, in which the actuating member and the restoring force transmitting sliding body are mounted axially displaceable and in which the shaft is pivotally mounted.
  • the drive member may be formed as a one-armed, acted upon by the restoring force lever whose arm is supported with the contact assembly closed on the actuator and with open contact arrangement on a fixed stop.
  • the restoring force can be achieved by means of a leg spring supported on the shaft, which is held on the housing.
  • this embodiment of the switch can advantageously have an integrated into the transmission, arranged in the housing bearing block, in which the shaft is pivotable and - unlike the embodiment with the two-armed lever - only the actuator is mounted axially displaceable.
  • the two embodiments of the high-voltage switch according to the invention shown in the figures are each designed as a generator switch and are typically designed for a rated voltage of 24 kV, a rated current of 6.3 kA, a permissible short-circuit current of 63 kA and a nominal frequency of 50/60 hertz , Both embodiments have a housing 10 which is filled with an arc-containing insulating gas, for example based on sulfur hexafluoride and / or nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide, of generally up to a few bar pressure.
  • the housing has a hollow cylindrical insulator 11 and two metal hollow bodies 12, 13, each serving as a power connection, between which the insulator is flanged gas-tight.
  • contact arrangement which has two along an axis A relatively movable switching pieces 20 and 30.
  • the switching piece 20 is connected to a drive, not shown, and - as indicated by a double arrow D - when closing along the axis A upwards and when opening along the axis A down.
  • the contact piece 20 has in axially symmetrical arrangement a tubular arcing contact 21 and a contact surrounding this contact with rated current contact 22, whereas the contact piece 30 in axially symmetrical arrangement also includes a tubular arc-shaped contact 31 and the arcing contact 31 at a distance surrounding rated current contact 32.
  • the arcing contact 31st is slidably mounted relative to the rated current contact 32 along the axis A and is at a closed switch with its arc-trained free end by means of a prestressed spring 33 to form a sufficient contact force and a joint S on the also supported arc-free free end of the arcing contact 21 supported.
  • a typically polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) containing insulating nozzle 40 is fixed, which is arranged between the arcing contact 21 and the rated current contact 22 and projects beyond the free ends.
  • the arc contact 21 and the rated current contact 22 are electrically conductively connected via a radially extending wall 23 and, together with the wall 23 and the nozzle 40, define a heating volume 24 which serves to receive compressed arc gas.
  • This quenching gas is generated when opening the switch by a switching arc, which is based on the opening when separating arc contacts 21, 31, and flows from an arc receiving, limited by the contacts 21, 31 and the insulating 40 arc zone in the heating volume 24th
  • the switching piece 20 is guided in a fixed, metal hollow cylinder 14, which together with the wall defines a compression space 25 of a piston-cylinder compression device.
  • insulating gas is compressed when opening the switch with the help of then guided down, acting as a piston switching piece 20. If the gas pressure in the heating volume 24 is smaller than in the compression space 25, the compressed insulating gas is conducted from the compression space 25 into the heating volume 24.
  • the contact piece 30 has a contact carrier 34 in the form of a pot.
  • the contact carrier is integrated at its acting as an edge of the pot end in serving as a power connection hollow body 13.
  • a hollow cylinder 35 is arranged, which serves for the axial guidance of the arcing contact 31 and in which the spring 33 is mounted.
  • the arcing contact 31 carries at its upper end as a rod formed, axially aligned actuator 50, which is guided through a shield 36 into an upper portion formed as a metal lid 15 of the housing 10.
  • the actuator 50 cooperates with a device M, which detects the current, determined by the position of the actuator 50 state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 and displays.
  • the position of the actuator 50 serves as a measure of the contact erosion caused by the eroding and corrosive effect of the switching arc.
  • the detection and display device M includes an activatable by the actuator 50 gear 60 and a mechanically operated by the transmission, outside the housing 10, respectively. the housing portion 15 arranged display 70 (only in the Figures 5 and 9 shown).
  • the housing section 15 carries a fixedly held bearing block 61 of the transmission 60.
  • This bearing block serves to guide one of the displaceable along the axis A actuator 50 to the other but also the storage of a particular of the Figures 5 and 9 apparent transmission shaft 60.
  • the transmission further includes a drive member 63 which is rigidly connected to the shaft 62.
  • the switch When the switch is closed, the current to be interrupted predominantly from the terminal 12 via the hollow cylinder 14, a slide contact, not shown, the rated current contacts 22, 32 led to the contact carrier 34 and serving as a power connection hollow body 13. A smaller part of the current to be interrupted flows in a parallel to the rated current contacts 22, 32 arranged, the connecting wall 23, the arc contacts 21, 31, a sliding contact, not shown, and the hollow cylinder 35 containing current path to the terminal 13.
  • the prestressed spring 33 delivers to the Impact point S the necessary contact force.
  • the drive D leads the contact piece 20 down.
  • the one in the switch-on position of the switch ( FIGS. 1, 2 . 5 . 6, 7 and 9 ) supported on the arcing contact 21 arc contact 31 is hereby tracked by the prestressed spring 33 while maintaining the required contact force.
  • the rated current contacts 22, 32 and commute the current completely in the parallel-connected current path, which instead of the rated current contacts now the connecting wall 23, the arcing contacts 21, 31, a sliding contact, not shown, and the hollow cylinder 35 contains.
  • the arc contacts 21, 31 separate and form a switching arc between their mutually opposite free ends.
  • This switching arc forms hot, pressurized gas, which expands into the heating volume 24.
  • the gas stored in the heating volume 24 possibly assisted by compressed insulating gas from the compression space 25 - inflates the arc, which leads to an interruption of the current.
  • the switch enters the switch-off position ( FIGS. 3, 4 and 8th ).
  • the high energy of the switching arc erodes and corrodes the arcing contacts 21, 31 and thus reduces the length of the arcing contacts by contact erosion.
  • the prestressed spring 33 leads the arcing contact 31 downwards, whereby the reduced length of the contacts 21, 31 is compensated. Accordingly, the arcing contact 31 and thus also the actuator 50 move towards their position before switching off down. If the switch is closed again after the power interruption, the changed position of the actuating member 50, which corresponds to the sum of the length loss resulting from contact erosion on both arcing contacts 21, 31, can be read on the display 70.
  • the current state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 displayed and on the other hand also be calibrated. It is thus achieved that a suitably calibrated detection and display device M always emits a warning signal when the actuator 50 is too far moved down. Since then the free ends of the arcing contacts 21, 31 with respect to the free ends of the rated current contacts 22, 32 are so unfavorably positioned during a switching operation that the arc contacts do not disconnect when switching off within a certain time interval after opening the rated current contacts resp. fail to close at power on within this time interval before the rated current contacts, so a faulty switching action is avoided and the user at the same time the remaining life of the switch resp. communicated its maintenance needs.
  • the drive member is designed as a two-armed lever.
  • the first arm of the lever is supported on a guided in the bearing block 61, acted upon by means of a prestressed spring 612 with a restoring force sliding body 611.
  • the second arm of the lever designated by the reference numeral 632, is supported when the contact arrangement is closed ( Fig.2 ) on the end facing away from the shock, protruding from the bearing block 61 end of the actuator 50 and with open contact arrangement ( Figure 4 ) on the then acting as a stop bearing block 61 from.
  • the restoring force transmitted to the arm 631 via the sliding body 611 keeps the lever arm 632 in a defined position both when the contact arrangement is open and when the contact arrangement is closed. It is then via the shaft 62 and mechanically connected to the shaft display element 71 (FIG. Figure 5 ) only with mechanical means, the current position of the arcing contact 31, respectively. of the actuator 50 and thus recognizable by length reduction burnup of the arcing contacts 21, 31 shown in the display 70.
  • the drive member is designed as a one-armed lever.
  • a leg spring 621 supported on the shaft 62 acts on the shaft counterclockwise ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) acting torque. Therefore, the designated with the reference numeral 633 single arm of the lever with closed contact arrangement ( Figure 7 ) on the end facing away from the shock, protruding from the bearing block 61 end of the actuator 50 and with open contact arrangement ( Figure 8 ) on the then as a stop acting bearing block 61 from.
  • the force transmitted to the arm 633 by the biased spring 621 via the shaft 62 holds the arm in both the on and off states in a defined position in which the shaft 62 and the indicator mechanically connected to the shaft 71 only by mechanical means, the current position of the actuator 50 and thus the current state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 are shown in the display 70.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen gasisolierten Hochspannungsschalter nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a gas-insulated high voltage switch according to the preamble of claim 1.

Schalter der vorgenannten Art sind als Leistungsschalter ausgeführt und weisen im Spannungsbereich von mehr als einigen kV eine Nennstromtragfähigkeit von mindestens einigen kA auf. Im allgemeinen werden diese Schalter als Generatorschalter eingesetzt und enthalten daher eine mit hohen Nennströmen belastbare Kontaktanordnung mit zwei - jeweils einen Nennstrom- und einen Lichtbogenkontakt enthaltenden - Schaltstücken. Ein die Nennstromkontakte enthaltender Strompfad dient der Führung des überwiegenden Teils des Betriebsstroms, wohingegen ein parallel zum Nennstrompfad geschalteter, die Lichtbogenkontakte enthaltender Leistungspfad lediglich beim Unterbrechen eines im allgemeinen äusserst leistungsstarken Stroms kurzzeitig den gesamten Strom führt. Die Lichtbogenkontakte nehmen dann einen leistungsstarken Schaltlichtbogen auf, der je nach der Grösse der von ihm geleisteten Arbeit einen mehr oder weniger starken Kontaktabbrand verursacht. Für das Schaltverhalten dieser Schalter ist es wesentlich, dass sich die Lichtbogenkontakte beim Ausschalten innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls nach den Nennstromkontakten trennen und beim Einschalten innerhalb dieses Zeitintervalls vor den Nennstromkontakten schliessen. Durch den Kontaktabbrand ändert sich jedoch die Länge der Lichtbogenkontakte längs einer Achse, entlang der sich bei einem Schaltvorgang die beiden Schaltstücke relativ zueinander bewegen. Bei starkem Kontaktabbrand kann dieses Zeitintervall unterschritten und dementsprechend das Schaltvermögen des Schalters stark beeinträchtigt werden.Switches of the aforementioned type are designed as a circuit breaker and have a rated current carrying capacity of at least a few kA in the voltage range of more than a few kV. In general, these switches are used as a generator switch and therefore contain a loadable with high rated currents contact arrangement with two - each a rated current and an arc contact containing - switching pieces. A current path containing the rated current contacts serves to guide the major part of the operating current, whereas a power path connected in parallel with the nominal current path and containing the arcing contacts only briefly conducts the entire current when interrupting a generally extremely high-power current. The arcing contacts then take on a powerful arc switching, which causes a more or less strong contact erosion depending on the size of the work done by him. For the switching behavior of these switches, it is essential that the arc contacts disconnect after switching off within a certain time interval after the rated current contacts and close at power on within this time interval before the rated current contacts. Due to the contact erosion, however, the length of the arcing contacts changes along an axis along which the two contact pieces move relative to one another during a switching operation. With strong contact erosion, this time interval can be undershot and, accordingly, the switching capacity of the switch can be severely impaired.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Ein Schalter der eingangs genannten Art ist beschrieben in DE U 20 2007 018 709 U1 . Bei diesem Schalter wird der Kontaktabbrand der Lichtbogenkontakte mit Hilfe von Sensoren und einer Signalerfassungseinheit während des Betriebs des Schalters, also bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung, ermittelt und wird der Benutzer des Schalters von einer mit der Signalerfassungseinheit verbundenen Anzeige über den durch Kontaktabbrand verursachten aktuellen Zustand der Lichtbogenkontakte informiert. Falls ein Zeitintervall unterschritten wird, welches einem kritischen Wert der durch Abbrand reduzierten Länge der Lichtbogenkontakte entspricht, wird der Benutzer über ein optisches, insbesondere farbiges, und/oder über ein akustisches Signal informiert, dass die Restlebensdauer des Schalters nur noch relativ gering ist.A switch of the type mentioned is described in DE U 20 2007 018 709 U1 , In this switch, the contact erosion of the arcing contacts with the aid of sensors and a signal detection unit during operation of the switch, ie with the contact arrangement is closed, and the user of the switch is informed by a connected to the signal detection unit display on the caused by Kontaktabbrand current state of the arcing contacts , If a time interval is undershot, which corresponds to a critical value of reduced by burned length of the arcing contacts, the user is informed by an optical, especially colored, and / or an acoustic signal that the remaining life of the switch is relatively low.

In US 6,002,560 A und US 7,098,418 B1 sind Vakuumschalter mit jeweils einer in einem evakuierten Gefäss befindlichen Kontaktanordnung beschrieben. Die Kontaktanordnung weist zwei Kontakte auf, die bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung Kopf an Kopf aneinanderstossen. Ein beweglicher der beiden Kontakte ist mit einer ausserhalb des Gefässes angeordneten Stange eines Antriebskraft übertragenden Getriebes starr verbunden. Bei diesen Schaltern wird der Kontaktabbrand während des Betriebs des Schalters jeweils mit Hilfe eines Indikators angezeigt, der direkt an der Stange oder an einem Arm eines an die Antriebsstange angelenkten zweiarmigen Hebels des Getriebes befestigt ist. Da die beiden Kontakte an den abbrandgefährdeten Stellen Kopf an Kopf aneinanderstossen, zeigt der Indikator die Summe der Längenveränderung der beiden Kontakte und damit die Restlebensdauer des Schalters in Abhängigkeit von der Position des Antriebskraft auf die Kontaktanordnung übertragenden Getriebes an.In US 6,002,560 A and US Pat. No. 7,098,418 B1 Vacuum switch are each described with a located in an evacuated vessel contact arrangement. The contact arrangement has two contacts which abut head-to-head when the contact arrangement is closed. A movable of the two contacts is rigidly connected to a arranged outside the vessel rod of a driving force transmitting gear. In these switches, the contact erosion during operation of the switch is indicated in each case by means of an indicator which is attached directly to the rod or to an arm of a two-armed lever of the gearbox which is articulated to the drive rod. Since the two contacts abut head-to-head at the points at risk of burn-up, the indicator shows the sum of the change in length of the two contacts and thus the remaining service life of the switch as a function of the position of the drive force on the transmission transmitting the contact arrangement.

In US20080217297 A wird zur Bestimmung des Kontaktabbrandes für einen Leistungsschalter mit einem Nennstrom- und Abbrandkontaktsystem vorgeschlagen, die Konzentration einer flüchtigen Markersubstanz zu messen. Bei diesem Schalter ist die Markersubstanz im stationären Abbrandkontaktstift enthalten, welche bei Freisetzung durch einen Gaschromatographen nachgewiesen werden kann und deren Konzentration sich proportional zum Abbrand an den Kontakten verhalten soll.In US20080217297 A For determining the contact erosion for a circuit breaker with a rated current and consumable contact system, it is proposed to measure the concentration of a volatile marker substance. In this switch, the marker substance in the stationary Abbrandkontaktstift is included, which when released by a gas chromatograph can be detected and their concentration should behave in proportion to the burn on the contacts.

In FR2346837 ist ein Leistungsschalter mit einer einzigen Kontaktanordnung und einer Vorrichtung zur Abbranddetektion der Kontakte beschrieben. Die Kontaktanordnung weist zwei Kontakte auf, die bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung Kopf an Kopf aneinanderstossen. Eines der beiden Kontakstücke ist beweglich und wird vom Schalterantrieb über Hebel angetrieben. Der Schalterantrieb bewegt auch einen direkt mit dem Antrieb verbundenen und ausserhalb des Gehäuses befindlichen Hebel, welcher den Drehwinkel der Antriebsachse wiedergibt und damit indirekt die Position des beweglichen Kontaktstückes ausserhalb des Gehäuses anzeigt. Somit ist eine mechanisch an den Schalterantrieb gekoppelte und damit vom Funktionszustand des Antriebes abhängige Abbranddetektion der Kontakte möglich.In FR2346837 a circuit breaker is described with a single contact arrangement and a device for Abbranddetektion the contacts. The contact arrangement has two contacts which abut head-to-head when the contact arrangement is closed. One of the two Kontakstücke is movable and is driven by the switch drive via lever. The switch drive also moves a directly connected to the drive and located outside the housing lever, which reproduces the rotation angle of the drive shaft and thus indirectly indicates the position of the movable contact piece outside the housing. Thus, a mechanically coupled to the switch drive and thus dependent on the functional state of the drive combustion detection of the contacts is possible.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen angegeben ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gasisolierten Schalter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die durch Kontaktabbrand der Lichtbogenkontakte bestimmte Restlebensdauer mit einfachen mechanischen Mitteln detektiert und angezeigt wird.The invention, as indicated in the claims, has for its object to provide a gas-insulated switch of the type mentioned, in which the determined by Kontaktabbrand the arcing contacts residual life is detected and displayed by simple mechanical means.

Der in Patentanspruch 1 definierte gasisolierte Hochspannungsschalter nach der Erfindung dient dem Unterbrechen grosser Ströme und weist ein isoliergasgefülltes Gehäuse auf, eine im Gehäuse angeordnete Kontaktanordnung, die zwei längs einer Achse relativ zueinander bewegbare Schaltstücke mit jeweils einem Nennstrom- und einem Lichtbogenkontakt aufweist, einen Antrieb, der auf ein erstes beider Schaltstücke wirkt, und eine Vorrichtung zum Detektieren und Anzeigen des durch Lichtbogeneinwirkung hervorgerufenen Kontaktabbrands der beiden Lichtbogenkontakte mit einer ausserhalb des Gehäuses angeordneten Anzeige. Bei diesem Schalter stossen die beiden Lichtbogenkontakte bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung unter Bildung einer Stossstelle mit jeweils einem freien Ende Kopf an Kopf aneinander und ist der Lichtbogenkontakt des zweiten Schaltstücks entgegen der Wirkung einer vorgespannten Feder gegenüber dem feststehend im Gehäuse gehaltenen Nennstromkontakt des zweiten Schaltstücks axial verschiebbar gelagert und trägt an seinem von der Stossstelle abgewandten Ende ein axial ausgerichtetes Betätigungsorgan. Die Detektions- und Anzeigevorrichtung weist ein gasdicht durch das Gehäuse geführtes Getriebe mit einem mit dem Betätigungsorgan gekoppelten Antriebsglied auf.The defined in claim 1 gas-insulated high-voltage switch according to the invention serves to interrupt large currents and has a insulating gas-filled housing, a housing arranged in the contact arrangement, the two along an axis relative to each movable contact pieces each having a rated current and an arcing contact, a drive, which acts on a first of both contact pieces, and a device for detecting and indicating the induced by arc contact erosion of the two arcing contacts with an outside of the housing arranged display. Come across this switch the two arcing contacts with closed contact arrangement to form a joint with one free end head to head together and the arcing contact of the second contact piece against the action of a prestressed spring against the stationary held in the housing rated current contact of the second contact piece mounted axially displaceable and contributes to his from the end remote from the end an axially aligned actuator. The detection and display device has a gas-tight guided by the housing gear with a coupled to the actuator drive member.

Beim Schalter nach der Erfindung wird daher unabhängig vom Schalterantrieb bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung, d.h. unter Betriebsbedingungen, mit einfachen mechanischen Mitteln eine durch Kontaktabbrand hervorgerufene Verkürzung der Lichtbogenkontakte erkannt und werden diese Verkürzung und damit auch der Kontaktabbrand resp. die Restlebenszeit des Schalters mit Hilfe eines geeignet angeordneten und ausgebildeten Getriebes ausserhalb des Gehäuses angezeigt. Da es sich bei diesem Schalter um einen Schalter mit einem Nennstrompfad und einem parallel dazu geschalteten Leistungspfad handelt, bei dem es für das Schaltverhalten wesentlich ist, dass sich die Lichtbogenkontakte beim Ausschalten innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls nach dem öffnen der Nennstromkontakte trennen und sich beim Einschalten innerhalb dieses Zeitintervalls vor den Nennstromkontakten schliessen, wird so die Betriebssicherheit des Schalters in einfacher und kostengünstiger Weise erhöht.In the switch according to the invention is therefore independent of the switch drive with the contact arrangement closed, i. Under operating conditions, detected by contact erosion shortening of the arcing contacts with simple mechanical means and this shortening and thus also the contact erosion respectively. the remaining life of the switch displayed by means of a suitably arranged and formed gear outside the housing. Since this switch is a switch with a rated current path and a parallel connected power path, in which it is essential for the switching behavior that the arc contacts disconnect within a certain time interval after opening the rated current contacts when switching off and within Close this time interval before the rated current contacts, so the reliability of the switch is increased in a simple and cost-effective manner.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Schalters kann das Getriebe eine gasdicht durch die Wand des Gehäuse geführte Welle aufweisen, deren innerhalb des Gehäuses liegendes Ende mit dem Antriebsglied und deren ausserhalb des Gehäuses liegendes Ende mit einem Anzeigeelement der Anzeige verbunden ist. Ein solcher Schalter kann einfach und wirtschaftlich gefertigt werden und zeichnet sich zugleich durch eine gute Gasdichtigkeit aus.In a preferred embodiment of the switch, the transmission can have a gas-tight guided through the wall of the housing shaft, whose lying within the housing end with the drive member and its outside of the housing end is connected to a display element of the display. Such a switch can be made simple and economical and is also characterized by a good gas tightness.

Die Anzeige der Restlebensdauer des Schalters wird erleichtert, wenn das Antriebsglied mit einer Rückstellkraft beaufschlagt und bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung entgegen der Rückstellkraft auf dem Betätigungsorgan abgestützt ist.The display of the remaining life of the switch is facilitated when the drive member is acted upon by a restoring force and is supported against the restoring force on the actuating member when the contact arrangement is closed.

Mit Vorteil ist das Antriebselement als starr mit der Welle verbundener zweiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet, ist der erster Arm des Hebels mit der Rückstellkraft beaufschlagt und ist der zweite Arm des Hebels bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung auf dem Betätigungsorgan und bei geöffneter Kontaktanordnung auf einem feststehenden Anschlag abgestützt. Die Detektionsund Anzeigevorrichtung des Schalters befindet sich daher sowohl bei geschlossener als auch bei geöffneter Kontaktanordnung in einer klar definierten Position. Dies ermöglich eine einfache Kalibrierung der Detektions- und Anzeigevorrichtung und erhöht die Güte und die Zuverlässigkeit der über eine Kontaktverkürzung ermittelten Werte des Kontaktabbrands resp. der Restlebensdauer. In fertigungstechnisch vorteilhafter Weise kann bei dieser Ausführungsform des Schalters das Getriebe einen im Gehäuse angeordneten Lagerblock aufweisen, in dem das Betätigungsorgan und ein die Rückstellkraft übertragender Gleitkörper axial verschiebbar gelagert sind und in dem die Welle schwenkbar gelagert ist.Advantageously, the drive element is designed as a rigidly connected to the shaft two-armed lever, the first arm of the lever is acted upon by the restoring force and the second arm of the lever with closed contact arrangement on the actuator and with open contact arrangement supported on a fixed stop. The detection and display device of the switch is therefore in a clearly defined position both with the contact assembly closed and opened. This allows a simple calibration of the detection and display device and increases the quality and reliability of the determined via a contact shortening values of Kontaktabbrands resp. the remaining life. In manufacturing technology advantageously, in this embodiment of the switch, the transmission having a bearing block arranged in the housing, in which the actuating member and the restoring force transmitting sliding body are mounted axially displaceable and in which the shaft is pivotally mounted.

In einer besonders einfachen und leicht zu fertigenden Ausführungsform des Schalters kann das Antriebsglied als einarmiger, mit der Rückstellkraft beaufschlagter Hebel ausgebildet sein, dessen Arm bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung auf dem Betätigungsorgan und bei geöffneter Kontaktanordnung auf einem feststehenden Anschlag abgestützt ist. Die Rückstellkraft kann mit Hilfe einer auf der Welle abgestützte Schenkelfeder erreicht werden, die am Gehäuse gehalten ist. Auch diese Ausführungsform des Schalters kann in fertigungstechnisch vorteilhafter Weise einen ins Getriebe integrierten, im Gehäuse angeordneten Lagerblock aufweisen, in dem die Welle schwenkbar und - im Unterschied zur Ausführungsform mit dem zweiarmigen Hebel - lediglich das Betätigungsorgan axial verschiebbar gelagert ist.In a particularly simple and easy to manufacture embodiment of the switch, the drive member may be formed as a one-armed, acted upon by the restoring force lever whose arm is supported with the contact assembly closed on the actuator and with open contact arrangement on a fixed stop. The restoring force can be achieved by means of a leg spring supported on the shaft, which is held on the housing. Also, this embodiment of the switch can advantageously have an integrated into the transmission, arranged in the housing bearing block, in which the shaft is pivotable and - unlike the embodiment with the two-armed lever - only the actuator is mounted axially displaceable.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Anhand von Zeichnungen wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig.1
eine Aufsicht auf einen längs einer Achse A geführten Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform des Hochspannungsschalters nach der Erfindung, bei der die Kontaktanordnung des Schalters geschlossen ist,
Fig.2
eine Vergrösserung eines umrandet dargestellten Teils des Schalters nach Fig.1,
Fig.3
eine Aufsicht gemäss Fig.1, bei der jedoch die Kontaktanordnung des Schalters geöffnet ist,
Fig.4
eine Vergrösserung eines umrandet dargestellten Teils des Schalters nach Fig.3,
Fig.5
eine in Pfeilrichtung geführte Aufsicht auf einen längs V - V geführten Schnitt durch den Schalter nach Fig.1,
Fig.6
eine Aufsicht auf einen längs der Achse A geführten Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform des Hochspannungsschalters nach der Erfindung, bei der die Kontaktanordnung des Schalters geschlossen ist,
Fig.7
eine Vergrösserung eines umrandet dargestellten Teils des Schalters nach Fig.6,
Fig.8
eine Vergrösserung eines umrandet dargestellten Teils des Schalters nach Fig.6, bei der jedoch die Kontaktanordnung des Schalters geöffnet ist, und
Fig.9
eine in Pfeilrichtung geführte Aufsicht auf einen längs IX -IX geführten Schnitt durch den Schalter nach Fig.6.
With reference to drawings, the invention will be explained in more detail below. Hereby shows:
Fig.1
a plan view of a guided along an axis A section through a first embodiment of the high-voltage switch according to the invention, in which the contact arrangement of the switch is closed,
Fig.2
an enlargement of an outlined portion of the switch after Fig.1 .
Figure 3
a supervision according to Fig.1 in which, however, the contact arrangement of the switch is open,
Figure 4
an enlargement of an outlined portion of the switch after Figure 3 .
Figure 5
a view guided in the direction of arrow on a longitudinal V - V guided section through the switch to Fig.1 .
Figure 6
a plan view of a guided along the axis A section through a second embodiment of the high-voltage switch according to the invention, in which the contact arrangement of the switch is closed,
Figure 7
an enlargement of an outlined portion of the switch after Figure 6 .
Figure 8
an enlargement of an outlined portion of the switch after Figure 6 in which, however, the contact arrangement of the switch is opened, and
Figure 9
a guided in the direction of arrow supervision on a longitudinal IX -IX guided section through the switch to Figure 6 ,

Die in den Zeichnungen verwendeten Bezugszeichen und deren Bedeutung sind in der Bezugszeichenliste zusammengefasst aufgelistet. Grundsätzlich sind in den Figuren gleiche oder gleich wirkende Teile mit gleichen oder ähnlichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Für das Verständnis der Erfindung nicht wesentliche Teile sind zum Teil nicht dargestellt. Die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele stehen beispielhaft für den Erfindungsgegenstand und haben keine beschränkende Wirkung.The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same or similar parts are provided with the same or similar reference numerals in the figures. Not essential to the understanding of the invention Parts are partly not shown. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention and have no limiting effect.

WEG ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAY FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die in den Figuren dargestellten beiden Ausführungsformen des Hochspannungsschalters nach der Erfindung sind jeweils als Generatorschalter ausgebildet und sind typischerweise für eine Nennspannung von 24 kV, einen Nennstrom von 6,3 kA, einen zulässigen Kurzschlussstrom von 63 kA und eine Nennfrequenz von 50/60 Hertz ausgelegt. Beide Ausführungsformen weisen ein Gehäuse 10 auf, das mit einem Lichtbogenlöscheigenschaften aufweisenden Isoliergas, etwa auf der Basis von Schwefelhexafluorid und/oder Stickstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid, von im allgemeinen bis zu einigen bar Druck gefüllt ist. Das Gehäuse weist einen hohlzylindrischen Isolator 11 auf und zwei jeweils als Stromanschluss dienende metallene Hohlkörper 12, 13, zwischen denen der Isolator gasdicht eingeflanscht ist. Im Gehäuse 10 ist eine mit den Stromanschlüssen 12, 13 elektrisch leitend verbundene Kontaktanordnung vorgesehen, die zwei längs einer Achse A relativ zueinander bewegbare Schaltstücke 20 und 30 aufweist. Das Schaltstück 20 ist mit einem nicht dargestellten Antrieb verbunden und wird - wie durch einen Doppelpfeil D angegeben - beim Schliessen längs der Achse A nach oben und beim Öffnen längs der Achse A nach unten geführt.The two embodiments of the high-voltage switch according to the invention shown in the figures are each designed as a generator switch and are typically designed for a rated voltage of 24 kV, a rated current of 6.3 kA, a permissible short-circuit current of 63 kA and a nominal frequency of 50/60 hertz , Both embodiments have a housing 10 which is filled with an arc-containing insulating gas, for example based on sulfur hexafluoride and / or nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide, of generally up to a few bar pressure. The housing has a hollow cylindrical insulator 11 and two metal hollow bodies 12, 13, each serving as a power connection, between which the insulator is flanged gas-tight. In the housing 10 a to the power terminals 12, 13 is electrically connected contact arrangement is provided which has two along an axis A relatively movable switching pieces 20 and 30. The switching piece 20 is connected to a drive, not shown, and - as indicated by a double arrow D - when closing along the axis A upwards and when opening along the axis A down.

Das Schaltstück 20 weist in axialsymmetrischer Anordnung einen rohrförmigen Lichtbogenkontakt 21 und einen diesen Kontakt mit Abstand umgebenden Nennstromkontakt 22 auf, wohingegen das Schaltstück 30 in axialsymmetrischer Anordnung einen ebenfalls rohrförmig ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontakt 31 enthält und einen den Lichtbogenkontakt 31 mit Abstand umgebenden Nennstromkontakt 32. Der Lichtbogenkontakt 31 ist gegenüber dem Nennstromkontakt 32 längs der Achse A verschiebbar gelagert und ist bei geschlossenem Schalter mit seinem lichtbogenfest ausgebildeten freien Ende mit Hilfe einer vorgespannten Feder 33 unter Bildung einer ausreichenden Kontaktkraft und einer Stossstelle S auf dem ebenfalls lichtbogenfest ausgebildeten freien Ende des Lichtbogenkontakts 21 abgestützt.The contact piece 20 has in axially symmetrical arrangement a tubular arcing contact 21 and a contact surrounding this contact with rated current contact 22, whereas the contact piece 30 in axially symmetrical arrangement also includes a tubular arc-shaped contact 31 and the arcing contact 31 at a distance surrounding rated current contact 32. The arcing contact 31st is slidably mounted relative to the rated current contact 32 along the axis A and is at a closed switch with its arc-trained free end by means of a prestressed spring 33 to form a sufficient contact force and a joint S on the also supported arc-free free end of the arcing contact 21 supported.

Beim Schaltstück 20 sind der Lichtbogenkontakt 21 und der Nennstromkontakt 22 über eine radial erstreckte Wand 23 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Am Schaltstück 20 ist eine typischerweise Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) enthaltende Isolierdüse 40 befestigt, die zwischen dem Lichtbogenkontakt 21 und dem Nennstromkontakt 22 angeordnet ist und deren freien Enden überragt. Der Lichtbogenkontakt 21 und der Nennstromkontakt 22 sind über eine radial erstreckte Wand 23 elektrisch leitend verbunden und begrenzen zusammen mit der Wand 23 und der Düse 40 ein Heizvolumen 24, das der Aufnahme von komprimiertem Lichtbogengas dient. Dieses Löschgas wird beim Öffnen des Schalters durch einen Schaltlichtbogen erzeugt, der auf den sich beim Öffnen voneinander trennenden Lichtbogenkontakten 21, 31 fusst, und strömt von einer den Lichtbogen aufnehmenden, von den Kontakten 21, 31 und der Isolierdüse 40 begrenzten Lichtbogenzone ins Heizvolumen 24. Das Schaltstück 20 ist in einem feststehenden, metallenen Hohlzylinder 14 geführt, der zusammen mit der Wand einen Kompressionsraum 25 einer Kolben-Zylinder-Kompressionsvorrichtung begrenzt. Im Kompressionsraum 25 befindliches Isoliergas wird beim Öffnen des Schalters mit Hilfe des dann nach unten geführten, als Kolben wirkenden Schaltstücks 20 verdichtet. Falls der Gasdruck im Heizvolumen 24 kleiner als im Kompressionsraum 25 ist, wird das verdichtete Isoliergas aus dem Kompressionsraum 25 ins Heizvolumen 24 geführt.When switching piece 20 of the arcing contact 21 and the rated current contact 22 via a radially extending wall 23 are electrically connected. On the switching piece 20 is a typically polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) containing insulating nozzle 40 is fixed, which is arranged between the arcing contact 21 and the rated current contact 22 and projects beyond the free ends. The arc contact 21 and the rated current contact 22 are electrically conductively connected via a radially extending wall 23 and, together with the wall 23 and the nozzle 40, define a heating volume 24 which serves to receive compressed arc gas. This quenching gas is generated when opening the switch by a switching arc, which is based on the opening when separating arc contacts 21, 31, and flows from an arc receiving, limited by the contacts 21, 31 and the insulating 40 arc zone in the heating volume 24th The switching piece 20 is guided in a fixed, metal hollow cylinder 14, which together with the wall defines a compression space 25 of a piston-cylinder compression device. In the compression chamber 25 befindliches insulating gas is compressed when opening the switch with the help of then guided down, acting as a piston switching piece 20. If the gas pressure in the heating volume 24 is smaller than in the compression space 25, the compressed insulating gas is conducted from the compression space 25 into the heating volume 24.

Das Schaltstück 30 weist einen in Form eines Topfes ausgebildeten Kontaktträger 34 auf. Der Kontaktträger ist an seinem als Rand des Topfes wirkenden Ende in den als Stromanschluss dienenden Hohlkörper 13 integriert. Am Boden des Kontaktträgers 34 ist ein Hohlzylinder 35 angeordnet, der der axialen Führung des Lichtbogenkontakts 31 dient und in dem die Feder 33 gelagert ist. Der Lichtbogenkontakt 31 trägt an seinem oberen Ende ein als Stange ausgebildetes, axial ausgerichtetes Betätigungsorgan 50, welches durch eine Abschirmung 36 hindurch in einen als Metalldeckel ausgebildeten oberen Abschnitt 15 des Gehäuses 10 geführt ist.The contact piece 30 has a contact carrier 34 in the form of a pot. The contact carrier is integrated at its acting as an edge of the pot end in serving as a power connection hollow body 13. At the bottom of the contact carrier 34, a hollow cylinder 35 is arranged, which serves for the axial guidance of the arcing contact 31 and in which the spring 33 is mounted. The arcing contact 31 carries at its upper end as a rod formed, axially aligned actuator 50, which is guided through a shield 36 into an upper portion formed as a metal lid 15 of the housing 10.

Das Betätigungsorgan 50 wirkt mit einer Vorrichtung M zusammen, die den aktuellen, durch die Position des Betätigungsorgans 50 bestimmten Zustand der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 detektiert und anzeigt. Die Position des Betätigungsorgans 50 dient hierbei als Mass für den durch die erodierende und korrodierende Wirkung des Schaltlichtbogens verursachten Kontaktabbrand. Die Detektions- und Anzeigevorrichtung M enthält ein vom Betätigungsorgan 50 aktivierbares Getriebe 60 sowie eine vom Getriebe mechanisch betätigte, ausserhalb des Gehäuses 10 resp. des Gehäuseabschnitts 15 angeordnete Anzeige 70 (nur in den Figuren 5 und 9 dargestellt).The actuator 50 cooperates with a device M, which detects the current, determined by the position of the actuator 50 state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 and displays. The position of the actuator 50 serves as a measure of the contact erosion caused by the eroding and corrosive effect of the switching arc. The detection and display device M includes an activatable by the actuator 50 gear 60 and a mechanically operated by the transmission, outside the housing 10, respectively. the housing portion 15 arranged display 70 (only in the Figures 5 and 9 shown).

Aus den Figuren 2, 4, 7 und 8 ist besonders deutlich zu erkennen, dass der Gehäuseabschnitt 15 einen feststehend gehaltenen Lagerblock 61 des Getriebes 60 trägt. Dieser Lagerblock dient zum einen der Führung des entlang der Achse A verschiebbaren Betätigungsorgans 50 zum anderen aber auch der Lagerung einer insbesondere aus den Figuren 5 und 9 ersichtlichen Welle 62 des Getriebes 60. Das Getriebe enthält ferner ein Antriebsglied 63, das starr mit der Welle 62 verbunden ist. Aus den Figuren 5 und 9 ist auch ersichtlich, dass die Welle 62 ihrerseits mit Hilfe einer Dichtung 64 gasdicht durch den Gehäuseabschnitt 15 nach aussen geführt und dort mit einem beweglichen Anzeigeelement 71 der Anzeige 70 unmittelbar, beispielsweise über eine Verschraubung, oder mittelbar, beispielsweise über ein weiteres Getriebe, verbunden ist. Da die Welle 62 lediglich geschwenkt, nicht aber verschoben wird, kann die Dichtung 64 mit Hilfe eines oder mehrer handelsüblicher Dichtringe leicht realisiert und so leicht eine hohe Gasdichtigkeit erreicht werden.From the Figures 2 . 4 . 7 and 8 It can be seen particularly clearly that the housing section 15 carries a fixedly held bearing block 61 of the transmission 60. This bearing block serves to guide one of the displaceable along the axis A actuator 50 to the other but also the storage of a particular of the Figures 5 and 9 apparent transmission shaft 60. The transmission further includes a drive member 63 which is rigidly connected to the shaft 62. From the Figures 5 and 9 It can also be seen that the shaft 62 in turn guided by a gasket 64 through the housing portion 15 to the outside and there with a movable display element 71 of the display 70 directly, for example via a screw, or indirectly, for example via a further transmission connected , Since the shaft 62 is merely pivoted, not displaced, the seal 64 can be easily realized by means of one or more commercially available sealing rings and thus a high degree of gas-tightness can be easily achieved.

Bei geschlossenem Schalter wird der zu unterbrechende Strom vorwiegend vom Anschluss 12 über den Hohlzylinder 14, einen nicht dargestellten Gleitkontakt, die Nennstromkontakte 22, 32 zu dem den Kontaktträger 34 enthaltenden und als Stromanschluss dienenden Hohlkörper 13 geführt. Ein kleinerer Teil des zu unterbrechenden Stroms fliesst in einem parallel zu den Nennstromkontakten 22, 32 angeordneten, die Verbindungswand 23, die Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31, einen nicht dargestellten Gleitkontakt und den Hohlzylinder 35 enthaltenden Strompfad zum Anschluss 13. Die vorgespannte Feder 33 liefert an der Stossstelle S die notwendige Kontaktkraft.When the switch is closed, the current to be interrupted predominantly from the terminal 12 via the hollow cylinder 14, a slide contact, not shown, the rated current contacts 22, 32 led to the contact carrier 34 and serving as a power connection hollow body 13. A smaller part of the current to be interrupted flows in a parallel to the rated current contacts 22, 32 arranged, the connecting wall 23, the arc contacts 21, 31, a sliding contact, not shown, and the hollow cylinder 35 containing current path to the terminal 13. The prestressed spring 33 delivers to the Impact point S the necessary contact force.

Beim Abschalten eines Kurzschlussstroms führt der Antrieb D das Schaltstück 20 nach unten. Der in der Einschaltposition des Schalters (Figuren 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 und 9) auf dem Lichtbogenkontakt 21 abgestützte Lichtbogenkontakt 31 wird hierbei durch die vorgespannte Feder 33 unter Aufrechterhaltung der erforderlichen Kontaktkraft nachgeführt. Während der Nachführbewegung trennen sich die Nennstromkontakte 22, 32 und kommutiert der Strom vollständig in den parallel geschalteten Strompfad, der anstelle der Nennstromkontakte nun die Verbindungswand 23, die Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31, einen nicht dargestellten Gleitkontakt und den Hohlzylinder 35 enthält. Sobald die Nachführbewegung beendet ist, trennen sich die Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 und bildet sich zwischen deren einander gegenüberstehenden freien Enden ein Schaltlichtbogen. Dieser Schaltlichtbogen bildet heisses, unter Druck stehendes Gas, welches ins Heizvolumen 24 expandiert. Bei Annäherung an einen Nulldurchgang des abzuschaltenden Stroms bebläst das im Heizvolumen 24 gespeicherte Gas - gegebenenfalls unterstützt durch komprimiertes Isoliergas aus dem Kompressionsraum 25 - den Lichtbogen, was zu einer Unterbrechung des Stroms führt. Schliesslich gelangt der Schalter in die Ausschaltposition (Figuren 3, 4 und 8).When switching off a short-circuit current, the drive D leads the contact piece 20 down. The one in the switch-on position of the switch ( FIGS. 1, 2 . 5 . 6, 7 and 9 ) supported on the arcing contact 21 arc contact 31 is hereby tracked by the prestressed spring 33 while maintaining the required contact force. During the tracking movement, the rated current contacts 22, 32 and commute the current completely in the parallel-connected current path, which instead of the rated current contacts now the connecting wall 23, the arcing contacts 21, 31, a sliding contact, not shown, and the hollow cylinder 35 contains. As soon as the tracking movement has ended, the arc contacts 21, 31 separate and form a switching arc between their mutually opposite free ends. This switching arc forms hot, pressurized gas, which expands into the heating volume 24. When approaching a zero crossing of the current to be disconnected, the gas stored in the heating volume 24 - possibly assisted by compressed insulating gas from the compression space 25 - inflates the arc, which leads to an interruption of the current. Finally, the switch enters the switch-off position ( FIGS. 3, 4 and 8th ).

Die hohe Energie des Schaltlichtbogens erodiert und korrodiert die Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 und verringert so durch Kontaktabbrand die Länge der Lichtbogenkontakte. Die vorgespannte Feder 33 führt den Lichtbogenkontakt 31 nach unten, wodurch die verringerte Länge der Kontakte 21, 31 kompensiert wird. Dementsprechend verlagern sich der Lichtbogenkontakt 31 und damit auch das Betätigungsorgan 50 gegenüber ihrer Position vorm Ausschaltvorgang nach unten. Wird der Schalter nach der Stromunterbrechung wieder geschlossen, so kann an der Anzeige 70 die veränderte Position des Betätigungsorgans 50, welche der Summe des durch Kontaktabbrand an beiden Lichtbogenkontakten 21, 31 entstehenden Längenverlusts entspricht, abgelesen werden. Durch geeignete Bemessung, Anordnung und/oder Ausbildung des Betätigungsorgans 50 wie auch des Getriebes 60 kann zum einen der aktuelle Zustand der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 angezeigt und zum anderen aber auch kalibriert werden. Es wird so erreicht, dass eine geeignet kalibrierte Detektions- und Anzeigevorrichtung M immer dann ein Warnsignal abgibt, wenn sich das Betätigungsorgan 50 zu weit nach unten bewegt. Da dann die freien Enden der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 gegenüber den freien Enden der Nennstromkontakten 22, 32 bei einem Schaltvorgang so ungünstig positioniert sind, dass sich die Lichtbogenkontakte beim Ausschalten nicht innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls nach dem Öffnen der Nennstromkontakte trennen resp. sich beim Einschalten nicht innerhalb dieses Zeitintervalls vor den Nennstromkontakten schliessen, wird so eine fehlerhafte Schalthandlung vermieden und dem Benutzer zugleich die Restlebensdauer des Schalters resp. dessen Wartungsbedarf mitgeteilt.The high energy of the switching arc erodes and corrodes the arcing contacts 21, 31 and thus reduces the length of the arcing contacts by contact erosion. The prestressed spring 33 leads the arcing contact 31 downwards, whereby the reduced length of the contacts 21, 31 is compensated. Accordingly, the arcing contact 31 and thus also the actuator 50 move towards their position before switching off down. If the switch is closed again after the power interruption, the changed position of the actuating member 50, which corresponds to the sum of the length loss resulting from contact erosion on both arcing contacts 21, 31, can be read on the display 70. By suitable design, arrangement and / or design of the actuator 50 as well as the transmission 60, on the one hand, the current state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 displayed and on the other hand also be calibrated. It is thus achieved that a suitably calibrated detection and display device M always emits a warning signal when the actuator 50 is too far moved down. Since then the free ends of the arcing contacts 21, 31 with respect to the free ends of the rated current contacts 22, 32 are so unfavorably positioned during a switching operation that the arc contacts do not disconnect when switching off within a certain time interval after opening the rated current contacts resp. fail to close at power on within this time interval before the rated current contacts, so a faulty switching action is avoided and the user at the same time the remaining life of the switch resp. communicated its maintenance needs.

Bei der Ausführungsform des Schalters nach den Figuren 1 bis 5 ist das Antriebsglied als zweiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet. Ein in den Figuren 2 und 4 mit dem Bezugszeichen 631 bezeichneter erster Arm des Hebels ist auf einem im Lagerblock 61 geführten, mit Hilfe einer vorgespannten Feder 612 mit einer Rückstellkraft beaufschlagten Gleitkörper 611 abgestützt. Der mit dem Bezugszeichen 632 bezeichnete zweite Arm des Hebels stützt sich bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung (Fig.2) auf dem von der Stossstelle abgewandten, aus dem Lagerblock 61 ragenden Ende des Betätigungsorgans 50 und bei geöffneter Kontaktanordnung (Fig.4) auf dem dann als Anschlag wirkenden Lagerblock 61 ab. In jedem Fall hält die über den Gleitkörper 611 auf den Arm 631 übertragene Rückstellkraft den Hebelarm 632 sowohl bei geöffneter als auch bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung in einer definierten Lage. Es werden dann über die Welle 62 und das mit der Welle mechanisch verbundene Anzeigeelement 71 (Fig.5) lediglich mit mechanischen Mitteln die aktuelle Position des Lichtbogenkontakts 31 resp. des Betätigungsorgans 50 und damit der durch Längenreduktion erkennbaren Abbrand der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 in der Anzeige 70 dargestellt.In the embodiment of the switch according to the FIGS. 1 to 5 the drive member is designed as a two-armed lever. One in the Figures 2 and 4 designated by the reference numeral 631, the first arm of the lever is supported on a guided in the bearing block 61, acted upon by means of a prestressed spring 612 with a restoring force sliding body 611. The second arm of the lever, designated by the reference numeral 632, is supported when the contact arrangement is closed ( Fig.2 ) on the end facing away from the shock, protruding from the bearing block 61 end of the actuator 50 and with open contact arrangement ( Figure 4 ) on the then acting as a stop bearing block 61 from. In any case, the restoring force transmitted to the arm 631 via the sliding body 611 keeps the lever arm 632 in a defined position both when the contact arrangement is open and when the contact arrangement is closed. It is then via the shaft 62 and mechanically connected to the shaft display element 71 (FIG. Figure 5 ) only with mechanical means, the current position of the arcing contact 31, respectively. of the actuator 50 and thus recognizable by length reduction burnup of the arcing contacts 21, 31 shown in the display 70.

Bei der Ausführungsform des Schalters nach den Figuren 6 bis 9 ist das Antriebsglied als einarmiger Hebel ausgebildet. Eine auf der Welle 62 abgestützte Schenkelfeder 621 (Fig.9) beaufschlagt die Welle mit einem im Gegenuhrzeigersinn (Figuren 7 und 8) wirkenden Drehmoment. Daher stützt sich der mit dem Bezugszeichen 633 bezeichnete einzige Arm des Hebels bei geschlossener Kontaktanordnung (Fig.7) auf dem von der Stossstelle abgewandten, aus dem Lagerblock 61 ragenden Ende des Betätigungsorgans 50 und bei geöffneter Kontaktanordnung (Fig.8) auf dem dann als Anschlag wirkenden Lagerblock 61 ab. In jedem Fall hält die von der vorgespannten Feder 621 über die Welle 62 auf den Arm 633 übertragene Kraft den Arm sowohl im Einschalt- als auch im Ausschaltzustand in einer definierten Lage, in der über die Welle 62 und das mit der Welle mechanisch verbundene Anzeigelement 71 lediglich mit mechanischen Mitteln die aktuelle Position des Betätigungsorgans 50 und damit der aktuelle Zustand der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 in der Anzeige 70 dargestellt werden.In the embodiment of the switch according to the FIGS. 6 to 9 the drive member is designed as a one-armed lever. A leg spring 621 supported on the shaft 62 (FIG. Figure 9 ) acts on the shaft counterclockwise ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) acting torque. Therefore, the designated with the reference numeral 633 single arm of the lever with closed contact arrangement ( Figure 7 ) on the end facing away from the shock, protruding from the bearing block 61 end of the actuator 50 and with open contact arrangement ( Figure 8 ) on the then as a stop acting bearing block 61 from. In any case, the force transmitted to the arm 633 by the biased spring 621 via the shaft 62 holds the arm in both the on and off states in a defined position in which the shaft 62 and the indicator mechanically connected to the shaft 71 only by mechanical means, the current position of the actuator 50 and thus the current state of the arcing contacts 21, 31 are shown in the display 70.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Gehäusecasing
1111
Isolatorinsulator
12, 1312, 13
Hohlkörper, StromanschlüsseHollow body, power connections
1414
Hohlzylinderhollow cylinder
1515
Gehäuseabschnitthousing section
2020
Schaltstückswitching piece
2121
LichtbogenkontaktArcing contact
2222
NennstromkontaktCurrent Rating Contact
2323
Verbindungswandconnecting wall
2424
Heizvolumenheating volume
2525
Kompressionsraumcompression chamber
3030
Schaltstückswitching piece
3131
LichtbogenkontaktArcing contact
3232
NennstromkontaktCurrent Rating Contact
3333
Federfeather
3434
Kontaktträgercontact support
3535
Hohlzylinderhollow cylinder
3636
Abschirmungshielding
4040
Isolierdüseinsulating
5050
Betätigungsorgan, StangeActuator, rod
6060
Getriebetransmission
6161
Lagerblockbearing block
611611
Gleitkörpersliding
612612
Druckfedercompression spring
6262
Wellewave
621621
SchenkelfederLeg spring
6363
Antriebsglieddrive member
631, 632631, 632
Hebelarmelever arms
6464
Dichtungpoetry
7070
Anzeigedisplay
7171
Anzeigeelementdisplay element
AA
Achseaxis
DD
Antriebdrive
MM
Detektions- und AnzeigevorrichtungDetection and display device
SS
Stossstellejunction point

Claims (8)

  1. Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for the interruption of large currents having a housing (10) filled with insulating gas, a contact arrangement which is arranged in the housing (10) and has two switching pieces (20, 30) which can be moved relative to one another along an axis (A) and each have a rated current contact (22, 32) and an arcing contact (21, 31), a drive (D) which acts on a first (20) of the two switching pieces, and a device (M) for the detection and indication of the contact wear of the two arcing contacts (21, 31) caused by the action of the arc, having an indicator (70) arranged outside the housing (10), wherein, when the contact arrangement is closed, the two arcing contacts (21, 31) butt against one another head-to-head at a free end in each case while forming an abutment point (S), and wherein the detection and indication device (M) has a transmission mechanism (60) which is fed through the housing (10) in a gas-tight manner and has a drive member (63) which is coupled to the operating element (50), characterized in that the arcing contact (31) of the second switching piece (30) is mounted so that it can be moved axially with respect to the rated current contact (32) of the second switching piece, which is immovably retained in the housing (10), against the action of a pre-loaded spring (33) and carries an axially aligned operating element (50) at the end thereof facing away from the abutment point (S).
  2. Switch according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transmission mechanism (60) has a shaft (62) which is fed through the wall of the housing (10) in a gas-tight manner and the end thereof which lies within the housing (10) is connected to the drive member (63), and the end thereof which lies outside the housing (10) is connected to an indicating element (71) of the indicator (70).
  3. Switch according to Claim 2, characterized in that the drive member (63) is subjected to a reset force and is supported on the operating element (50) against the reset force when the contact arrangement is closed.
  4. Switch according to Claim 3, characterized in that the drive element (63) is designed as a two-arm lever rigidly connected to the shaft (62), in that a first arm (631) of the lever is subjected to the reset force, and in that the second arm (632) of the lever is supported on the operating element (50) when the contact arrangement is closed and on a fixed stop when the contact arrangement is open.
  5. Switch according to Claim 4, characterized in that the transmission mechanism (60) has a bearing block (61) arranged in the housing (10), in which bearing block the operating element (50) and a sliding body (611) which transmits the reset force are mounted so that they can be moved axially, and in which the shaft (62) is pivotably mounted.
  6. Switch according to Claim 3, characterized in that the drive element (63) is designed as a single-arm lever which is subjected to the reset force, the arm (633) of which is supported on the operating element (50) when the contact arrangement is closed and on a fixed stop when the contact arrangement is open.
  7. Switch according to Claim 6, characterized in that a yoke spring (621), which is supported on the shaft (62) and serves to produce the reset force, is retained on the housing (10).
  8. Switch according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the transmission mechanism (60) has a bearing block (61) arranged in the housing (10), in which bearing block the operating element (50) is mounted so that it can be moved axially and the shaft (62) is pivotably mounted.
EP11752205.2A 2010-09-24 2011-09-01 Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents Active EP2619779B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11752205.2A EP2619779B1 (en) 2010-09-24 2011-09-01 Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10179319 2010-09-24
PCT/EP2011/065094 WO2012038227A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2011-09-01 Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents
EP11752205.2A EP2619779B1 (en) 2010-09-24 2011-09-01 Gas-insulated high-voltage switch for interruption of large currents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2619779A1 EP2619779A1 (en) 2013-07-31
EP2619779B1 true EP2619779B1 (en) 2014-03-19

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Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9177740B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2619779B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103119677B (en)
WO (1) WO2012038227A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103247870B (en) * 2013-05-20 2015-03-18 中国能建集团装备有限公司南京技术中心 GIL (gas insulated high voltage transmission line) transition section conductor connecting structure
US9305726B2 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-04-05 Eaton Corporation Arc extinguishing contact assembly for a circuit breaker assembly
FR3039924B1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2019-05-10 Supergrid Institute MECHANICAL CUTTING APPARATUS OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
DE102017216275A1 (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement and method for switching high currents in high, medium and / or low voltage technology
CN114496676B (en) * 2020-10-26 2024-06-18 西门子能源国际公司 Arcing contact assembly and circuit breaker

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2346837A1 (en) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-28 Merlin Gerin Self-actuating contact breaker - has external visual indication of degree of wear on switch poles using moving lever
CN1019431B (en) * 1988-05-24 1992-12-09 梅兰日兰公司 Medium-voltage electric switch with sealed case
US6002560A (en) 1998-09-02 1999-12-14 Eaton Corporation Circuit breaker contact wear indicator
DE19958645C5 (en) * 1999-12-06 2011-05-26 Abb Technology Ag Hybrid circuit breaker
JP2006310133A (en) 2005-04-28 2006-11-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Vacuum interrupter and slow-closing method of its contact, as well as abrasion wear measuring method of contact and gap length setting method between contacts using the same
CN2879397Y (en) * 2006-03-04 2007-03-14 吉林龙鼎电气股份有限公司 Vacuum circuit breaker with contact wear thickness detection device
CN201302605Y (en) 2006-06-26 2009-09-02 Abb技术有限公司 High-power switch capable of determining and displaying burning loss of contact part
JP5032091B2 (en) 2006-10-12 2012-09-26 株式会社東芝 Gas insulated switchgear and arc damage detection method for gas insulated switchgear parts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9177740B2 (en) 2015-11-03
CN103119677A (en) 2013-05-22
WO2012038227A1 (en) 2012-03-29
US20130213936A1 (en) 2013-08-22
CN103119677B (en) 2016-06-15
EP2619779A1 (en) 2013-07-31

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