EP2609180A1 - Engine lubricant - Google Patents

Engine lubricant

Info

Publication number
EP2609180A1
EP2609180A1 EP11761140.0A EP11761140A EP2609180A1 EP 2609180 A1 EP2609180 A1 EP 2609180A1 EP 11761140 A EP11761140 A EP 11761140A EP 2609180 A1 EP2609180 A1 EP 2609180A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
lubricating composition
composition according
formula
fatty
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11761140.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2609180B1 (en
Inventor
Nguyen Truong-Dinh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Raffinage Marketing SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Raffinage Marketing SA filed Critical Total Raffinage Marketing SA
Publication of EP2609180A1 publication Critical patent/EP2609180A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2609180B1 publication Critical patent/EP2609180B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M103/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/02Carbon; Graphite
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M103/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/04Metals; Alloys
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • C10M105/04Well-defined hydrocarbons aliphatic
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • C10M105/06Well-defined hydrocarbons aromatic
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/10Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/10Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M105/14Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms polyhydroxy
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    • C10M161/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C10M2205/173Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086Imides
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068Thiocarbamate metal salts
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/065Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
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    • C10M2227/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
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    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54Fuel economy
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253Small diesel engines
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricating compositions for gasoline engine or diesel vehicle engines, allowing a reduction in the fuel consumption of said vehicles.
  • Frictional energy losses between the various engine components occur, depending on the engine parts, either in hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic, or limit friction regimes.
  • the formulation of a fuel-saving engine lubricant is not limited to the selection of these different components independently of each other.
  • the interactions between the different components must be taken into account, and the other lubricant performances, such as the stability of the viscosity, the inhibition of the corrosion, the dispersing power ... must not be altered.
  • engine lubricating compositions for achieving fuel economy can be formulated by the combination of GTL-type bases, with organic friction modifiers of fatty acid esters and polyols type, and VI-improving polymers of polybutene type, ethylene propylene copolymers, polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, AB Block copolymers obtained by copolymerization of diene such as butadiene and isoprenes with vinyl aromatics such as styrene.
  • compositions are for example disclosed in application WO 2008/124191.
  • Such bases have the disadvantage of a high cost and it is desirable to develop an additivation to formulate lubricants fuel savers or fuel eco (FE) with mostly conventional bases.
  • Organometallic friction modifiers may also be associated.
  • the application EP 2078745 thus discloses a lubricating composition for petrol and diesel engines, associating molybdenum dithiocarbamates and zinc dithiophosphates, and making it possible to obtain fuel savings in vehicles equipped with these engines.
  • Eco-fueled motor lubricants comprising a mixture of organo-molybdenum friction modifiers such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates, and organic friction modifiers such as monoesters of fatty acids and polyols are described in application WO 2004/053033.
  • WO 93/21288 discloses FE motor lubricants also associating ethoxylated amine friction modifiers with partial esters of fatty acids and polyols, and VI improvers of polyester type, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyolefins.
  • Application EP 0955353 also describes fuel-oil engine lubricant formulas combining organomolybdenum friction modifiers (DTCMo) with ethoxylated fatty amine-type organic friction modifiers, optionally in combination with VI-improving polymers of polymethacrylate, polyolefin, styrene type. diene copolymers.
  • DTCMo organomolybdenum friction modifiers
  • VI-improving polymers of polymethacrylate, polyolefin, styrene type. diene copolymers optionally in combination with VI-improving polymers of polymethacrylate, polyolefin, styrene type. diene copolymers.
  • the fuel savings achieved by the engine lubricant must be evaluated globally over an entire standard engine cycle representative of the average conditions of use.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention make it possible to achieve significant fuel savings, in particular in the urban cold cycle, thanks to a combination of VI improvers and specific friction modifiers.
  • the present invention relates to a lubricant composition
  • a lubricant composition comprising:
  • At least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier selected from fatty amines, optionally alkoxylated, fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of fatty amines and carboxylic acids, alone or as a mixture,
  • the hydrocarbon side chains of the comb polymers (b) are obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of olefins, preferably chosen from optionally substituted styrenes, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added to 1-4 or in 1-2, or the monomers of formula (I)
  • X1 and X2 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (II)
  • each R ' is independently hydrogen or methyl
  • RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms
  • A is formed by the addition of 1,4-butadiene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
  • a ' is formed by the addition of 1,2-butadiene optionally substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted with alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
  • n and m are integers greater than or equal to zero, and n + m is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
  • the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (IV)
  • each R ' is independently hydrogen or methyl
  • RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms
  • X1, X2, X3 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
  • At least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from fatty amines of formula (V):
  • R3, R4, R5 are independently either hydrogen or aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and at least one of R3, R4 or R5 chains is an aliphatic chain fat comprising at least 7 carbon atoms,
  • n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.
  • At least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from alkoxylated amines corresponding to formulas (VI) or (VII) below:
  • R6 and R10 are, independently, fatty aliphatic chains, comprising between 7 and 150, preferably between 7 and 32 carbon atoms, preferentially between 12 and 18 carbon atoms,
  • R7 and R8 are, independently, hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferentially from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms, R 9 is a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
  • x, y, p, q and z are integers between 0 and 50, satisfying: 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ (or equal) 50 and 0 ⁇ p + q + z ⁇ (or equal) 50.
  • Rl 1 is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising from 7 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • At least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of a dicarboxylic acid of formula (IX)
  • R12 and R13 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, or the hydrocarbon groups R12 and R13 form a ring,
  • R14 and R15 independently represent hydrogen or an aliphatic chain comprising between 1 and 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one of the RI or R2 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) as described above and at least one organometallic friction modifier (d).
  • organometallic friction modifiers these are chosen from dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates and thioxanthates of molybdenum.
  • the organometallic friction modifier (d) is a molybdenum dithiocarbamate of formula (XI): where R16, R17, R18, R19 are alkyl chains having 8 to 13 carbon atoms.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise:
  • the lubricating compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic mineral base oil (a) obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler derived from solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, or at least one oil.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention are of grade 0W20 or 0W30 according to the SAEJ300 classification.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention are oils for 4-stroke petrol or diesel engine of motor vehicles, preferably light vehicles, preferably diesel.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of lubricating compositions as described above for the lubrication of gasoline or diesel 4-stroke engines of light vehicles, preferably hybrid vehicles.
  • this use is made in a diesel engine.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention make it possible to achieve fuel savings, in particular in the urban cold cycle, thanks to a specific combination of VI improvers and friction modifiers. Improving Polymer VI (b):
  • the VI-improving polymers are compounds which make it possible to minimize variations in the viscosity difference with temperature, that is to say to maintain an oil film sufficient to protect the friction parts at high temperature, and preventing an excessive increase in viscosity when cold.
  • the known viscosity index improvers are typically polyalkyl methacrylates (PMA), polyacrylates, polyolefins, copolymers of olefins (dienes) with vinyl aromatics (styrene).
  • a comb polymer is a polymer composed of macromolecules comb, which are macromolecules consisting of a main chain having multiple points degree of branching of three, each of which is starting point of a linear side chain.
  • This comb structure distinguishes the polymers of US Pat. Nos. 5,565,130 and 5,597,871 and of Application US2008 / 0194443 from polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (PMA) usually used as VI improvers in lubricant compositions of the prior art, in particular those described in applications EP 0955353 and WO 93/21288.
  • PMA polymethacrylates
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise, as VI-improving polymer, such a "comb polymer", or polymer with a comb structure, such as for example described in patents US 5,565,130 and US 5,597,871, and the application US2008 / 0194443 of the present application.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the invention thus contain, as VI-improving polymer, comb polyacrylates (comb PA) or comb polymethacrylates (comb PMA) which are comb polymers formed of a main chain polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, and long hydrocarbon side chains having at least 50 carbon atoms.
  • these hydrocarbon side chains Preferentially, these hydrocarbon side chains have between 50 and 25,000 carbon atoms, preferably between 80 and 20000 carbon atoms, typically of the order of 10,000 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon side chains are obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of olefins, for example the styrene-type monomers, optionally substituted, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added to 1-4 or 1-2, ethylene, propylene, isobutene and more generally monomers of formula (I):
  • olefins for example the styrene-type monomers, optionally substituted, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added to 1-4 or 1-2, ethylene, propylene, isobutene and more generally monomers of formula (I):
  • compositions according to the invention contain a comb polymer obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (II)
  • each R ' is independently hydrogen or methyl
  • RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms
  • A is formed by the addition of 1,4-butadiene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
  • a ' is formed by the addition of 1,2-butadiene optionally substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted with alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • n and m are integers greater than or equal to zero
  • n + m is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
  • compositions according to the invention contain a comb polymer obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (IV)
  • each R ' is independently hydrogen or methyl
  • RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms
  • X1, X2, X3 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
  • p, q, r are integers greater than or equal to zero, and p + q + r is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
  • these comb polymers are advantageously used in combination with other VI improving polymers well known to those skilled in the art.
  • These well-known polymers are for example chosen from the category of hydrogenated styrene diene copolymers, for example hydrogenated styrene butadiene copolymers (SBH) or styrene isoprene, which are well known to those skilled in the art, preferably hydrogenated styrene butadiene.
  • SBH hydrogenated styrene butadiene copolymers
  • styrene isoprene which are well known to those skilled in the art, preferably hydrogenated styrene butadiene.
  • the VI (b) improving polymers are typically present at levels of between 2 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, or between 2 and 15%, or between 5 and 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • the total VI improving polymer is in the same ranges (between 2 and 20%, or between 2 and 15%), or between 5 and 15% by weight of VI improving polymers relative to the total weight of the composition).
  • the nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers of the compositions according to the invention are fatty amines, optionally alkoxylated, or fatty amide derivatives of amide or imide type obtained by condensation of fatty amines with (di) carboxylic acids.
  • the fatty amines used in the lubricants according to the present invention are primary, secondary or tertiary monoamines, or polyamines, comprising one or more fatty chains.
  • Fatty amines are mainly obtained from fatty acids (fatty-chain carboxylic acids), which are generally derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides present in vegetable and animal oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower, soy, cotton, flax, beef tallow.
  • fatty acids fatty-chain carboxylic acids
  • vegetable and animal oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower, soy, cotton, flax, beef tallow.
  • the fatty acids making it possible to obtain the fatty amines of the compositions according to the invention generally comprise from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 20, and preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • These acids such as palmi
  • the fatty amines used as compound (c) in the lubricant compositions according to the invention correspond to the general formula (V):
  • R3, R4, R5 are independently either hydrogen or aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and at least one of the R3, R4 or R5 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms,
  • n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.
  • the fatty amines used in the lubricants according to the invention are preferably obtained from natural resources, plant or animal. Treatments that result in fatty amines from natural oils can result in mixtures of secondary primary and tertiary monoamines and polyamines.
  • mono or polyalkoxylated fatty amines for example mono or polyethoxylated, obtained from the fatty amines described above can be used.
  • alkoxylated amines used in the lubricant compositions according to the invention correspond for example to formulas (VI) and (VII) below:
  • R6 and R10 are, independently, fatty aliphatic chains, comprising between 7 and 150, preferably between 7 and 32 carbon atoms, preferentially between 12 and 18 carbon atoms,
  • R7 and R8 are, independently, hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferentially from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms, R 9 is a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
  • x, y, p, q and z are integers between 0 and 50, satisfying: 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ (or equal) 50 and 0 ⁇ p + q + z ⁇ (or equal) 50.
  • R5 and R9 are aliphatic fatty chains, optionally substituted with aryl groups. In a particularly preferred manner, they comprise between 7 and 30 carbon atoms, preferentially between 10 and 20, preferably between 12 and 18 carbon atoms.
  • R6 and R7 are aliphatic chains, preferably alkyl, containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms.
  • R8 is an aliphatic chain, preferably an alkyl chain, containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4, preferably 3 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are diethanolamines of the formula
  • R 1 is an aliphatic chain comprising from 7 to 150 carbon atoms, preferentially from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms
  • the nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers (c) of the lubricant compositions according to the invention may be amides or imides obtained by condensation of the fatty amines described above and of carboxylic acids, such as, for example, oleylamides, in particular primary oleylamides.
  • the organic friction modifiers (c) are amides or imides obtained by condensation of fatty amines and acids. dicarboxylic, aliphatic or aromatic, optionally hydroxylated, such as, for example, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, preferentially tartaric acid.
  • the organic friction modifiers (c) are fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of a dicarboxylic acid of formula (IX)
  • R12 and R13 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, or the hydrocarbon groups R12 and R13 form a ring,
  • R14 and R15 independently represent hydrogen or an aliphatic chain comprising between 1 and 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one of the RI or R2 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the invention may contain one or more organomolybdenum compound as a friction modifier.
  • organomolybdenum compounds are well known to those skilled in the art. These are, for example compounds also containing sulfur or phosphorus, such as dithiophosphates, dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates of molybdenum molybdenum.
  • Organomolybdenum compounds which are suitable for the lubricant compositions according to the present invention are for example described in the application EP 2,078,745, [0036] to [062].
  • the nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers (c) are typically present at contents of between 0.01 and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, or between 0.1 and 1 %, or between 0.3 and 0.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • the nitrogen organic friction modifiers (c) are used in combination with other friction modifiers, organometallic (d)
  • the total content of friction modifiers is in the same ranges (between 0.01 and 2%, or between 0.1 and 1%, or between 0.5 and 0.8% by weight of the friction modifiers relative to the total weight of the composition).
  • Lubricating compositions according to the present invention comprise one or more base oils, generally representing at least 60% by weight of the lubricating compositions, generally at least 65% by weight, and up to 90% or more.
  • the base oil (s) used in the compositions according to the present invention may be oils of mineral or synthetic origin of groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) as summarized herein. below, alone or mixed.
  • oils may be oils of vegetable, animal or mineral origin.
  • the mineral base oils according to the invention include all types of bases obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydro-treatment, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. , hydrofinishing.
  • the base oils of the compositions according to the present invention may also be synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, or polyalphaolefins.
  • the polyo-olefins used as base oils for example, are obtained from monomers having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example octene, decene), and have a viscosity at 100 ° C of between 1.5 and 15 Cst. Their weight average molecular weight is typically between 250 and 3000. Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils can also be used.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention are formulated with Group III and / or IV bases.
  • the lubricating compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic mineral base oil, obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic charge, resulting from solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing operations.
  • Such bases are Group III mineral bases referred to as Group III + bases.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic synthetic base oil, obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler such as a Fisher Tropsh wax.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention contain 65 to 90% by weight of such isoparaffinic bases.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention exclusively contain so-called Group III + mineral bases or bases obtained by hydroisomerization of a Fisher Tropsh wax as a base oil, in a proportion of between 65 and 90%. in mass.
  • the compositions according to the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 5.6 and 16.3 Cst, measured by the ASTM D445 standard (grade SAE 20, 30 and 40), preferably between 9.3 and 12.5 Cst (grade 30).
  • the compositions according to the present invention are multigrade oils of grade 0W30 or 0W20 according to the SAEJ300 classification.
  • compositions according to the present invention also preferably have a VI viscosity index greater than 130, preferably greater than 150, preferably greater than 160.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention are motor oils for petrol or diesel vehicles, preferably for diesel vehicles, preferably in accordance with the specifications ACE A C2 or JASO DL1 well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the lubricant compositions according to the invention may also contain any type of additive adapted to their use. These additives can be added individually, or in the form of packets of additives, guaranteeing a certain level of performance to the lubricating compositions, as required, for example for a Diesel ACEA (European car manufacturers) or JASO (Japan Automobile Standards Organization) lubricant. These are for example and not limited to: Dispersants, generally representing between 5 and 8% by weight of the lubricating compositions. Dispersants such as succinimides, PIB (polyisobutene) succinimides, Mannich bases ensure the maintenance in suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary oxidation products that are formed when the engine oil is in use.
  • Dispersants such as succinimides, PIB (polyisobutene) succinimides, Mannich bases ensure the maintenance in suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary oxidation products that are formed when the engine oil is in use.
  • Antioxidants generally represent between 0.5 and 2% by weight of the lubricating compositions.
  • Antioxidants delay the degradation of oils in service, which can result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge, or an increase in the viscosity of the oil. They act as free radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
  • antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, sterically hindered amines.
  • Another class of antioxidants is that of oil-soluble copper compounds, for example copper thio or dithiophosphate, copper and carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates.
  • the copper salts I and II, succinic acid or anhydride are used.
  • Antiwear additives generally representing between 1 and 2% by weight of the lubricating compositions.
  • the anti-wear additives protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
  • the most commonly used is zinc di-thiophosphate or DTPZn. This category also contains various phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and boron compounds.
  • Detergents generally representing between 2 and 4% by weight of the lubricating compositions
  • Detergents are typically alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts. They typically have a BN according to ASTM D2896 greater than 40, or 80 mg KOH / gram of detergent, and are most often overbased, with BN values typically of the order of 150 and more, or even 250 or 400 or more. (expressed as mg KOH per gram of detergent).
  • 0W30 grade diesel engine oils have been prepared from a diesel engine performance additive package to meet ACEA C2 / JASO DLl specifications, including antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, detergents, antiwear, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors.
  • compositions (in% by weight) of these oils are given in Table 1 below:
  • a 5W30 oil comprising an ACEA Cl / JASO DLl performance level additive package, a hydrogenated polyisoprene-type VI-improving polymer formulated from Group III base oils, serves as a reference for the test.
  • a vehicle Toyota Corolla Verso D4D Clean Power equipped with an engine common rail injection 2AD, a post processing system DPNR (Diesel Particulate-NOx Reduction) with 5th regeneration injector lure, placed in a B7 environment, is subject to a NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) standard driving cycle, also known as the Motor Vehicle Emissions Group (MVEG) cycle.
  • DPNR Diesel Particulate-NOx Reduction
  • 5th regeneration injector lure placed in a B7 environment
  • NEDC New European Driving Cycle
  • MVEG Motor Vehicle Emissions Group
  • this cycle (velocity as a function of time) is given in figure 1. It includes a cold phase or cold urban phase (from 0 to 200 seconds), an intermediate phase or hot urban phase (from 200 to 725 seconds), a phase hot or extra urban phase (from 725 to 1200 seconds).
  • the vehicle is placed on a E4-standard two-roller bench allowing the resistance encountered on the road to be simulated in a reproducible manner due to the aerodynamic drag and the mass of the vehicle.
  • the tests are carried out with an ambient air temperature of 20 ° C, a hygrometry of 50%, a pressure of 1000 mbar.
  • the calculation of consumption is done by a carbon balance after analysis of the exhaust gases.
  • the fuel used for all tests is an EN590-B7 diesel.
  • Absolute fuel consumption is measured (in liters / 100 km), on the global cycle and per phase.
  • the consumption differences (in%) with the reference passed immediately before the oil sample to be analyzed are also calculated. The results are given in Table 2.
  • the oil A is according to the invention. It contains as a friction modifier a mixture of amides and fatty imides of tartaric acid. It contains as an improvement polymer of VI PMA comb, and a smaller amount of SBH, intended to provide the viscosity necessary to obtain a grade 30 oil.
  • oils B to F contain friction modifiers identical to the oils according to the invention, at comparable contents, but are formulated without a comb polymer.
  • the amounts of VI improving polymer are adjusted to obtain the desired viscosimetric grade.
  • the oil A according to the invention makes it possible to achieve fuel savings with respect to oils B, C, D, E and F over the entire engine cycle and in particular in the cold phase and in the intermediate phase.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricant composition including: (a) one or more base oils, (b) at least one comb polymer consisting of a main polyalkyl(meth)acrylate chain, and hydrocarbon side chains comprising at least 50 carbon atoms, (c) at least one nitrogenous organic friction modifier selected from among optionally alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty amides or imides produced by condensation of fatty amines and carboxylic acids, alone or in mixture, and (d) optionally, one or more organo-metallic friction modifiers of the organo-molydenum type. The invention also relates to the use of same for lubricating four-cycle gasoline or diesel engines for light-duty vehicles, preferably for hybrid vehicles.

Description

LUBRIFIANT MOTEUR  ENGINE LUBRICANT
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention a pour objet des compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs de véhicules à essence ou de véhicules Diesel, permettant une réduction de la consommation de carburant desdits véhicules.  The present invention relates to lubricating compositions for gasoline engine or diesel vehicle engines, allowing a reduction in the fuel consumption of said vehicles.
Arrière plan technologique Technological background
L'efficacité énergétique et la réduction de la consommation de carburant des moteurs automobiles est une préoccupation grandissante. Il est connu que les lubrifiants moteur utilisés dans lesdits véhicules ont un rôle important à cet égard.  Energy efficiency and reduced fuel consumption of automotive engines is a growing concern. It is known that the engine lubricants used in said vehicles have an important role in this regard.
Les pertes d'énergies par friction entre les différents éléments du moteur se produisent, selon les parties du moteur, soit dans des régimes de frottements hydrodynamique, élastohydrodynamique, ou limite.  Frictional energy losses between the various engine components occur, depending on the engine parts, either in hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic, or limit friction regimes.
Le choix des bases et des polymères améliorant d'indice de viscosité (améliorant de VI) a une influence sur les pertes en régime hydrodynamique et élastohydrodynamique, tandis que le choix des modificateurs de frottement influence les pertes d'énergie en régime de friction limite.  The choice of viscosity index (VI improving) bases and polymers has an influence on the hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic losses, while the choice of friction modifiers influences the energy losses in the limit friction regime.
Toutefois, la formulation d'un lubrifiant moteur économiseur de carburant ne se résume pas à la sélection de ces différents composants indépendamment les uns des autres. Il doit être tenu compte des interactions entre les différents composants, et les autres performances du lubrifiant, telles que la stabilité de la viscosité, l'inhibition de la corrosion, le pouvoir dispersant... ne doivent pas être altérées.  However, the formulation of a fuel-saving engine lubricant is not limited to the selection of these different components independently of each other. The interactions between the different components must be taken into account, and the other lubricant performances, such as the stability of the viscosity, the inhibition of the corrosion, the dispersing power ... must not be altered.
Des exemples de formules de lubrifiant moteur combinant des modificateurs de frottement organométalliques et/ou divers modificateurs de frottement organiques et polymères améliorant de VI sont connus.  Examples of engine lubricant formulations combining organometallic friction modifiers and / or various organic friction modifiers and VI improving polymers are known.
Ainsi, des compositions lubrifiantes pour moteur permettant de réaliser des économies de carburant (dits « fuel eco ») peuvent être formulées par la combinaison de bases de type GTL, avec des modificateurs de frottement organiques de type esters d'acides gras et de polyols, et des polymères améliorant de VI de type polybutène, éthylène propylène copolymères, polyacrylates ou polyméthacrylates, AB Block copolymères obtenu par copolymérisation de diène tels que butadiène et isoprènes avec des aromatiques vinyliques tels que styrène.  Thus, engine lubricating compositions for achieving fuel economy (so-called "fuel eco") can be formulated by the combination of GTL-type bases, with organic friction modifiers of fatty acid esters and polyols type, and VI-improving polymers of polybutene type, ethylene propylene copolymers, polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, AB Block copolymers obtained by copolymerization of diene such as butadiene and isoprenes with vinyl aromatics such as styrene.
De telles compositions sont par exemple divulguées dans la demande WO 2008/124191. De telles bases présentent toutefois l'inconvénient d'un coût élevé et il est souhaitable de développer une additivation permettant de formuler des lubrifiants économiseurs de carburant ou fuel eco (FE) avec des bases majoritairement conventionnelles. Such compositions are for example disclosed in application WO 2008/124191. Such bases, however, have the disadvantage of a high cost and it is desirable to develop an additivation to formulate lubricants fuel savers or fuel eco (FE) with mostly conventional bases.
Des modificateurs de frottement organométalliques peuvent également être associés. La demande EP 2078745 divulgue ainsi une composition lubrifiante, pour moteur essence et diesel, associant des dithiocarbamates de molybdène et des dithiophosphates de Zinc, et permettant d'obtenir des économies de carburant dans les véhicules équipés de ces moteurs.  Organometallic friction modifiers may also be associated. The application EP 2078745 thus discloses a lubricating composition for petrol and diesel engines, associating molybdenum dithiocarbamates and zinc dithiophosphates, and making it possible to obtain fuel savings in vehicles equipped with these engines.
Ces formules contiennent toutefois un taux élevés de soufre, métaux, phosphore qui peut être préjudiciable pour les émissions de particules et les systèmes de post traitement.  These formulas, however, contain a high level of sulfur, metals, phosphorus that can be detrimental to particulate emissions and post-treatment systems.
Des lubrifiants moteurs fuels eco comprenant un mélange de modificateurs de frottement de type organo molybdène tels que les dithiocarbamates de molybdène, et de modificateurs de frottement organiques tels que les monesters d'acides gras et de polyols sont décrites dans la demande WO 2004/053033.  Eco-fueled motor lubricants comprising a mixture of organo-molybdenum friction modifiers such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates, and organic friction modifiers such as monoesters of fatty acids and polyols are described in application WO 2004/053033.
La demande WO 93/21288 décrit des lubrifiants moteur FE associant également des modificateurs de frottement de type aminé éthoxylées avec des esters partiels d'acides gras et de polyols, et des améliorants de VI de type polyester, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyolefïnes.  WO 93/21288 discloses FE motor lubricants also associating ethoxylated amine friction modifiers with partial esters of fatty acids and polyols, and VI improvers of polyester type, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyolefins.
La demande EP 0955353 décrit également des formules de lubrifiant moteurs fuel eco associant des modificateurs de frottement organomolybdène (DTCMo) avec des modificateurs de frottement organiques de type aminé grasses éthoxylées, en combinaison éventuelle avec des polymères améliorant de VI de type polyméthacrylates, polyoléfïnes, styrène diene copolymères.  Application EP 0955353 also describes fuel-oil engine lubricant formulas combining organomolybdenum friction modifiers (DTCMo) with ethoxylated fatty amine-type organic friction modifiers, optionally in combination with VI-improving polymers of polymethacrylate, polyolefin, styrene type. diene copolymers.
Les économies de carburants réalisées grâce au lubrifiant moteur doivent être évaluées globalement, sur l'ensemble d'un cycle moteur normalisé représentatif des conditions moyennes d'utilisation.  The fuel savings achieved by the engine lubricant must be evaluated globally over an entire standard engine cycle representative of the average conditions of use.
Toutefois, une part importante des pertes d'énergies s'effectue dans la phase froide du cycle du moteur, au démarrage. Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour les véhicules circulant en milieu urbain, et en particulier pour les nouvelles motorisations hybrides qui fonctionnent avec un système stop and start, où le moteur thermique est arrêté et redémarré un nombre important de fois.  However, a significant part of the energy losses occurs in the cold phase of the engine cycle, at startup. This is particularly true for urban vehicles, especially for new hybrid engines that operate with a stop and start system, where the engine is stopped and restarted a significant number of times.
Il existe donc un besoin pour des lubrifiants moteurs permettant de réaliser des économies de carburant supérieures ou équivalentes aux formules existant, et en particulier sur la phase froide du cycle du moteur.  There is therefore a need for engine lubricants to achieve fuel savings greater than or equivalent to existing formulas, and in particular on the cold phase of the engine cycle.
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention permettent de réaliser des économies de carburant importantes, en particulier en cycle froid urbain, grâce à une combinaison de polymères améliorants de VI et de modificateurs de frottements spécifiques. The lubricant compositions according to the invention make it possible to achieve significant fuel savings, in particular in the urban cold cycle, thanks to a combination of VI improvers and specific friction modifiers.
Brève description de l'invention : Brief description of the invention
La présente invention a pour objet une composition lubrifiante comprenant :  The present invention relates to a lubricant composition comprising:
(a) une ou plusieurs huiles de base,  (a) one or more base oils,
(b) au moins un polymère en peigne formé d'une chaîne principale polyalkyl(meth)acrylate, et de chaînes latérales hydro carbonées comportant au moins 50 atomes de carbone,  (b) at least one comb polymer formed of a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate backbone and hydro carbon side chains having at least 50 carbon atoms,
(c) au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté choisi parmi les aminés grasses, éventuellement alkoxylées, les amides ou imides grasses obtenues par condensation d'amines grasses et d'acides carboxyliques, seules ou en mélange, (c) at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier selected from fatty amines, optionally alkoxylated, fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of fatty amines and carboxylic acids, alone or as a mixture,
(d) optionnellement, un ou plusieurs modificateurs de frottement organométallique de type organomolybdène. (d) optionally, one or more organometallic friction modifiers of organomolybdenum type.
Préférentiellement, les chaînes latérales hydrocarbonées des polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenues par polymérisation ou copolymérisation d'oléfînes, préférentiellement choisies parmi les styrènes éventuellement substitués, et comportant de 8 à 17 atomes de carbone, le butadiène, additionné en 1-4 ou en 1-2, ou les monomères de formule (I) Preferably, the hydrocarbon side chains of the comb polymers (b) are obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of olefins, preferably chosen from optionally substituted styrenes, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added to 1-4 or in 1-2, or the monomers of formula (I)
où XI et X2 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone. where X1 and X2 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenus par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (II) According to one embodiment, the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (II)
O R' GOLD'
R-I+AH (-A'+CH CH -O— C— C =CH2 R- I + AH (-A '+ CH CH -O-C-C = CH 2
1 'n 1 'm (Π) 1 'n 1 ' m (Π)
avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (III) : with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (III):
O R2 (III) où : OR 2 (III) or :
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle, each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
A est formé par l'addition de 1,4-butadiène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  A is formed by the addition of 1,4-butadiene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
A' est formé par l'addition de 1 ,2-butadiène éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  A 'is formed by the addition of 1,2-butadiene optionally substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted with alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
n et m sont des entiers supérieurs ou égaux à zéro, et n + m est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. n and m are integers greater than or equal to zero, and n + m is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenus par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (IV) According to another embodiment, the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (IV)
(IV) avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (II) : (IV) with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (II):
où : or :
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle, each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
XI, X2, X3 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone,  X1, X2, X3 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
p, q, r sont des entiers supérieurs ou égaux à zéro, et p + q +r est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. Selon un mode de réalisation des compositions selon l'invention, au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les aminés grasses de formule (V) : p, q, r are integers greater than or equal to zero, and p + q + r is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000. According to one embodiment of the compositions according to the invention, at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from fatty amines of formula (V):
où R3, R4, R5 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène soit des chaînes aliphatiques comprenant de 1 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes R3, R4, ou R5 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone, where R3, R4, R5 are independently either hydrogen or aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and at least one of R3, R4 or R5 chains is an aliphatic chain fat comprising at least 7 carbon atoms,
n est un entier supérieur ou égal à 1, de préférence compris entre 1 et 2. n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation des compositions selon l'invention, au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les aminés alkoxylées répondant aux formules (VI) ou (VII) ci-dessous : According to another embodiment of the compositions according to the invention, at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from alkoxylated amines corresponding to formulas (VI) or (VII) below:
(O R7) N (R70)x H (OR 7 ) N (R 7 0) x H
Re (VI)  Re (VI)
H-z(OR8)- N R9 N -(R80)q H Hz (OR 8 ) - NR 9 N - (R 8 0) q H
Ri o (RsO )p H (vil)  Ri o (RsO) p H (vil)
où R6 et RIO sont, indépendamment, des chaînes aliphatiques grasses, comprenant entre 7 et 150, préférentiellement entre 7 et 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement entre 12 et 18 atomes de carbone, where R6 and R10 are, independently, fatty aliphatic chains, comprising between 7 and 150, preferably between 7 and 32 carbon atoms, preferentially between 12 and 18 carbon atoms,
R7 et R8 sont, indépendamment, des radicaux hydrocarbonés comprenant de 2 à 6 atomes de carbones, préférentiellement de 2 à 4, préférentiellement 2 atomes de carbone R9 est un radical hydrocarboné comprenant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbones,  R7 and R8 are, independently, hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferentially from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms, R 9 is a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
x, y, p, q et z sont des entiers entre 0 et 50, vérifiant : 0<x+y<(ou égal)50 et 0<p+q+z<(ou égal) 50. x, y, p, q and z are integers between 0 and 50, satisfying: 0 <x + y <(or equal) 50 and 0 <p + q + z <(or equal) 50.
Préférentiellement, lorsque au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les aminés ethoxylées, ledit modificateur de friction est choisi parmi les diéthano lamines de formule (VIII) : Preferentially, when at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from ethoxylated amines, said friction modifier is chosen from the diéthano-lamines of formula (VIII):
où Rl l est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comportant de 7 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 7 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 12 à 18 atomes de carbone. where Rl 1 is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising from 7 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation des compositions selon l'invention, au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les amides ou imides grasses obtenues par condensation d'un acide dicarboxylique de formule (IX)  According to yet another embodiment of the compositions according to the invention, at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of a dicarboxylic acid of formula (IX)
où R12 et R13 sont indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un groupement hydrocarboné, ou bien les groupes hydrocarbonés R12 et R13 forment un cycle, where R12 and R13 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, or the hydrocarbon groups R12 and R13 form a ring,
avec une aminé de formule (X ) R14R15NH, with an amine of formula (X) R14R15NH,
où R14 et R15 représentent indépendamment l'hydrogène ou une chaîne aliphatique comprenant entre 1 et 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes RI ou R2 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone. where R14 and R15 independently represent hydrogen or an aliphatic chain comprising between 1 and 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one of the RI or R2 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms.
Selon un mode préféré, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) tels que décrits ci-dessus et au moins un modificateur de frottement organométallique (d). According to a preferred embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) as described above and at least one organometallic friction modifier (d).
Préférentiellement, dans les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention contenant des modificateurs de frottement organométalliques (d), ceux-ci sont choisis parmi les dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates de molybdène. Preferably, in the lubricant compositions according to the invention containing organometallic friction modifiers (d), these are chosen from dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates and thioxanthates of molybdenum.
Préférentiellement, le modificateur de frottement organométallique (d) est un dithiocarbamate de molybdène de formule (XI) : où R16, R17, R18, R19 sont des chaînes alkyl comportant de 8 à 13 atomes de carbone. Preferably, the organometallic friction modifier (d) is a molybdenum dithiocarbamate of formula (XI): where R16, R17, R18, R19 are alkyl chains having 8 to 13 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent :Preferably, the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise:
• de 65 à 90 % en poids d'une ou plusieurs huiles de base (a), From 65 to 90% by weight of one or more base oils (a),
• de 2 à 15 % en poids de polymère (b),  From 2 to 15% by weight of polymer (b),
• de 0,01 à 2 % en poids de modificateurs de frottement (c).  From 0.01 to 2% by weight of friction modifiers (c).
De façon particulièrement préférée, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent au moins une huile de base (a) minérale isoparaffînique obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n- paraffinique issue de déparaffinage au solvant ou de déparaffinage catalytique, ou au moins une huile de base (a) synthétique isoparaffînique obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n-paraffinique constituée d'une cire Fisher Tropsh. In a particularly preferred manner, the lubricating compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic mineral base oil (a) obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler derived from solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, or at least one oil. isoparaffinic synthetic base (a) obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler consisting of a Fisher Tropsh wax.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention sont de grade 0W20 ou 0W30 selon la classification SAEJ300. According to one embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention are of grade 0W20 or 0W30 according to the SAEJ300 classification.
Selon un mode particulièrement préféré, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention sont des huiles pour moteur 4 temps essence ou diesel de véhicules automobiles, préférentiellement de véhicules légers, préférentiellement diesel. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention are oils for 4-stroke petrol or diesel engine of motor vehicles, preferably light vehicles, preferably diesel.
La présente invention est également relative à l'utilisation de compositions lubrifiantes telles que décrites ci-dessus pour la lubrification des moteurs 4 temps essence ou diesel de véhicules légers, préférentiellement de véhicules hybrides. The present invention also relates to the use of lubricating compositions as described above for the lubrication of gasoline or diesel 4-stroke engines of light vehicles, preferably hybrid vehicles.
Selon un mode préféré, cette utilisation est faite dans un moteur diesel. According to a preferred mode, this use is made in a diesel engine.
Description détaillée : Detailed description :
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention permettent de réaliser des économies de carburant, en particulier en cycle froid urbain, grâce à une combinaison spécifique de polymères améliorants de VI et de modificateurs de frottements. Polymère améliorant de VI (b) : The lubricant compositions according to the invention make it possible to achieve fuel savings, in particular in the urban cold cycle, thanks to a specific combination of VI improvers and friction modifiers. Improving Polymer VI (b):
Les polymères améliorant de VI sont des composés permettant de minimiser les variations de l'écart de viscosité avec la température, c'est-à-dire permettant de maintenir un film d'huile suffisant pour protéger les pièces en frottement à haute température, et empêchant une trop forte augmentation de la viscosité à froid.  The VI-improving polymers are compounds which make it possible to minimize variations in the viscosity difference with temperature, that is to say to maintain an oil film sufficient to protect the friction parts at high temperature, and preventing an excessive increase in viscosity when cold.
Les améliorants d'indice de viscosité connus sont typiquement des polyalkylméthacrylates (PMA), polyacrylates, des polyoléfines, des copolymères d'oléfines (diènes) avec des aromatiques vinyliques (styrène). The known viscosity index improvers are typically polyalkyl methacrylates (PMA), polyacrylates, polyolefins, copolymers of olefins (dienes) with vinyl aromatics (styrene).
Les brevets US 5 565 130 et US 5 597 871 et la demande US2008/0194443 décrivent, comme polymère améliorant de VI, des polymères ayant une structure en peigne (comb polymer), formé par copolymérisation de macromonomères acrylates ou méthacrylates comportant une chaîne hydrocarbonée, par exemple de type oléfine copolymère, avec des monomères acrylates ou méthacrylates. Suivant que les monomères sont de type acrylates ou méthacrylates, on nommera ces polymères comb polyacrylates (comb PA) ou comb polyméthacrylates (comb PMA), respectivement.  US Pat. Nos. 5,565,130 and 5,597,871 and the application US2008 / 0194443 describe, as VI-improving polymer, polymers having a comb-like structure formed by copolymerization of acrylate or methacrylate macromonomers comprising a hydrocarbon-based chain, for example of the olefin copolymer type, with acrylate or methacrylate monomers. Depending on whether the monomers are of the acrylate or methacrylate type, these polymers will be called polyacrylate (comb PA) or comb polymethacrylate (comb PMA) polymers, respectively.
Selon l'IUPAC Compendium of Chemical technology, 2nd édition, 1997, un polymère peigne est un polymère composé de macromolécules peigne, lesquelles sont des macromolécules constituées d'une chaîne principale présentant de multiples points de ramification de degré 3, dont chacun est le point de départ d'une chaîne latérale linéaire. According to the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Technology, 2nd edition, 1997, a comb polymer is a polymer composed of macromolecules comb, which are macromolecules consisting of a main chain having multiple points degree of branching of three, each of which is starting point of a linear side chain.
Cette structure en peigne distingue les polymères des brevets US 5 565 130 et US 5 597 871 et de la demande US2008/0194443 des polyacrylates et polyméthacrylates (PMA) usuellement employés comme améliorant de VI dans les compositions lubrifiantes de l'art antérieur, en particulier celles décrites dans les demandes EP 0955353 et WO 93/21288.  This comb structure distinguishes the polymers of US Pat. Nos. 5,565,130 and 5,597,871 and of Application US2008 / 0194443 from polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (PMA) usually used as VI improvers in lubricant compositions of the prior art, in particular those described in applications EP 0955353 and WO 93/21288.
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent à titre de polymère améliorant de VI un tel « comb polymer », ou polymère à structure en peigne, tel que par exemple décrit dans les brevets US 5 565 130 et US 5 597 871, et la demande US2008/0194443 de la présente demande.  The lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise, as VI-improving polymer, such a "comb polymer", or polymer with a comb structure, such as for example described in patents US 5,565,130 and US 5,597,871, and the application US2008 / 0194443 of the present application.
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention contiennent donc, à titre de polymère améliorant de VI, des comb polyacrylates (comb PA) ou comb polyméthacrylates (comb PMA) qui sont des comb polymères formés d'une chaîne principale polyalkyl(meth) acrylates, et de longues chaînes latérales hydrocarbonées comportant au moins 50 atomes de carbone. Préférentiellement, ces chaînes latérales hydrocarbonées entre 50 et 25000 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement entre 80 et 20000 atomes de carbone, typiquement de l'ordre de 10000 atomes de carbone. The lubricating compositions according to the invention thus contain, as VI-improving polymer, comb polyacrylates (comb PA) or comb polymethacrylates (comb PMA) which are comb polymers formed of a main chain polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, and long hydrocarbon side chains having at least 50 carbon atoms. Preferentially, these hydrocarbon side chains have between 50 and 25,000 carbon atoms, preferably between 80 and 20000 carbon atoms, typically of the order of 10,000 carbon atoms.
Selon un mode préféré, les chaînes latérales hydrocarbonées sont obtenues par polymérisation ou copolymérisation d'oléfmes, par exemple les monomères de type styrène, éventuellement substitués, et comportant de 8 à 17 atomes de carbone, le butadiène, additionné en 1-4 ou en 1-2, l'éthylène, le propylène, l'isobutène et plus généralement de monomères de formule (I) : According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon side chains are obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of olefins, for example the styrene-type monomers, optionally substituted, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added to 1-4 or 1-2, ethylene, propylene, isobutene and more generally monomers of formula (I):
X-, C^CH2 X-, C ^ CH 2
(I) où XI et X2 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone.  (I) wherein X1 and X2 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les compositions selon l'invention contiennent un polymère en peigne obtenu par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (II) According to one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention contain a comb polymer obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (II)
avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (III) :  with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (III):
R' O  R 'O
H2C— C— C— O R2 (ΠΙ) ou : H 2 C-C-C-OR 2 (ΠΙ) or:
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle,  each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
A est formé par l'addition de 1,4-butadiène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  A is formed by the addition of 1,4-butadiene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
A' est formé par l'addition de 1 ,2-butadiène éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, n et m sont des entiers supérieurs ou égal à zéro, et n + m est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. A 'is formed by the addition of 1,2-butadiene optionally substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted with alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms , n and m are integers greater than or equal to zero, and n + m is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les compositions selon l'invention contiennent un polymère en peigne obtenu par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (IV) According to another embodiment, the compositions according to the invention contain a comb polymer obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (IV)
(IV) avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (III) : R' O  (IV) with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (III): R 'O
I II  I II
H2C— C— C— OR2 (ΠΙ) où : H 2 C-C-C-OR 2 (ΠΙ) where:
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle, each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
XI , X2, X3 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone,  X1, X2, X3 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
p, q, r sont des entiers supérieurs ou égal à zéro, et p + q +r est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. p, q, r are integers greater than or equal to zero, and p + q + r is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
Dans les compositions selon l'invention, ces polymères en peigne sont avantageusement utilisés en combinaison avec d'autres polymères améliorants de VI bien connus de l'homme du métier. Ces polymères biens connus sont par exemple choisis dans la catégorie des copolymères styrène diène hydrogénés, par exemple copolymères styrène butadiène hydrogénés (SBH) ou styrène isoprène, qui sont bien connus de l'homme du métier, préférentiellement styrène butadiène hydrogénés. Ces derniers polymères améliorant de VI, sans influence sur les performances fuel eco, permettent toutefois d'apporter la viscosité permettant de formuler des huiles de grade 30.  In the compositions according to the invention, these comb polymers are advantageously used in combination with other VI improving polymers well known to those skilled in the art. These well-known polymers are for example chosen from the category of hydrogenated styrene diene copolymers, for example hydrogenated styrene butadiene copolymers (SBH) or styrene isoprene, which are well known to those skilled in the art, preferably hydrogenated styrene butadiene. These latter improving polymers of VI, without influence on fuel eco performance, however, provide the viscosity to formulate oils grade 30.
Dans les compositions selon l'invention, les polymères améliorant de VI (b) sont typiquement présents à des teneurs comprises entre 2 et 20% en masse par rapport au poids total de la composition, ou encore entre 2 et 15 %>, ou encore entre 5 et 15%> en masse par rapport au poids total de la composition. Lorsque les polymères (b) sont utilisés en combinaison avec d'autres polymères améliorant de VI, la teneur totale en polymère améliorant de VI se situe dans les mêmes gammes (entre 2 et 20%, ou entre 2 et 15%), ou entre 5 et 15% en masse des polymères améliorants de VI par rapport au poids total de la composition). In the compositions according to the invention, the VI (b) improving polymers are typically present at levels of between 2 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, or between 2 and 15%, or between 5 and 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. When the polymers (b) are used in combination with other VI improving polymers, the total VI improving polymer is in the same ranges (between 2 and 20%, or between 2 and 15%), or between 5 and 15% by weight of VI improving polymers relative to the total weight of the composition).
Modificateurs de frottement : Friction Modifiers:
Modificateur de frottement organiques azotés (c) : Nitrogen organic friction modifier (c):
Les modificateurs de frottement organiques azotés des compositions selon l'invention sont des aminés grasses, éventuellement alkoxylées, ou des dérivés d' aminés grasses de type amide ou imide obtenues par condensation d'amines grasses avec des acides (di)carboxyliques.  The nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers of the compositions according to the invention are fatty amines, optionally alkoxylated, or fatty amide derivatives of amide or imide type obtained by condensation of fatty amines with (di) carboxylic acids.
Aminés grasses Fatty amines
Les aminés grasses utilisées dans les lubrifiants selon la présente invention sont des mono aminés primaires, secondaires ou tertiaires, ou des polyamines, comportant une ou plusieurs chaînes grasses. Le terme chaîne grasse désigne ici des chaînes hydro carbonées aliphatiques non cycliques comportant au moins 7 atomes de carbone, saturées ou insaturées, éventuellement ramifiées.  The fatty amines used in the lubricants according to the present invention are primary, secondary or tertiary monoamines, or polyamines, comprising one or more fatty chains. The term "fatty chain" here denotes non-cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon chains containing at least 7 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, optionally branched.
Les aminés grasses sont principalement obtenues à partir des acides gras (acides carboxyliques à chaîne grasse), qui sont généralement issus de l'hydrolyse des triglycérides présents dans les huiles végétales et animales, telles que l'huile de coprah, de palme, d'olive, d'arachide, de colza, de tournesol, de soja, de coton, de lin, le suif de bœuf.  Fatty amines are mainly obtained from fatty acids (fatty-chain carboxylic acids), which are generally derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides present in vegetable and animal oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower, soy, cotton, flax, beef tallow.
Les acides gras permettant d'obtenir les aminés grasses des compositions selon l'invention comportent généralement de 7 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 10 à 20 , préférentiellement de 12 àl8 atomes de carbone.  The fatty acids making it possible to obtain the fatty amines of the compositions according to the invention generally comprise from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 20, and preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
Ce sont par exemple les acides capryliques, pélargonique, caprique, undécylénque, laurique, tridécyléniques, myristiques, pentadécylique, palmitique, margarique, stéarique, isostéarique, nonadécylique, arachique, hénéicosanoïque, béhénique, tricosanoïque, lignocérique, pentacosanoïque, cérotique, heptacosanoïque, montanique, nonacosanoïque, mélissique, hentriacontanoïque, lacéroïque ou des acides gras insaturés tels que l'acide palmitoléique, oléique, érucique, nervonique, linoléique, a-linolénique, c-linolénique, di-homo-c-linolénique, arachidonique, éicosapentaénoïque, do co sahexano ique . Ces acides sont déshydratés en présence d'ammoniac pour donner des nitriles, qui subissent ensuite une hydrogénation catalytique pour conduire à des aminés primaires, secondaires ou tertiaires. These are, for example, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, undecylenic, lauric, tridecylenic, myristic, pentadecyl, palmitic, margaric, stearic, isostearic, nonadecylic, arachic, henicosanoic, behenic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, pentacosanoic, cerotic, heptacosanoic, montanic, nonacosanoic, melissic, hentriacontanoic, laceroic or unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic, oleic, erucic, nervonic, linoleic, a-linolenic, c-linolenic, di-homo-c-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, cohehexano ique. These acids are dehydrated in the presence of ammonia to give nitriles, which then undergo catalytic hydrogenation to lead to primary, secondary or tertiary amines.
Les aminés grasses utilisées à titre de composé (c) dans les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention répondent à la formule générale (V) :  The fatty amines used as compound (c) in the lubricant compositions according to the invention correspond to the general formula (V):
où R3, R4, R5 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène soit des chaînes aliphatiques comprenant de 1 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes R3, R4 ou R5 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone, where R3, R4, R5 are independently either hydrogen or aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and at least one of the R3, R4 or R5 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms,
n est un entier supérieur ou égal à 1, de préférence compris entre 1 et 2. n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.
Les aminés grasses utilisées dans les lubrifiants selon l'invention sont préférentiellement obtenues à partir de ressources naturelles, végétales ou animales. Les traitements permettant d'aboutir à des aminés grasses à partir des huiles naturelles peuvent aboutir à des mélanges de mono aminés primaires secondaires et tertiaires et de polyamines.  The fatty amines used in the lubricants according to the invention are preferably obtained from natural resources, plant or animal. Treatments that result in fatty amines from natural oils can result in mixtures of secondary primary and tertiary monoamines and polyamines.
Aminés éthoxylées : Ethoxylated amines:
On peut utiliser à titre de composé (c), dans les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention, des aminés grasses mono ou polyalkoxylées, par exemple mono ou polyethoxylées, obtenues à partir des aminés grasses décrites ci-dessus.  As the compound (c), in the lubricating compositions according to the invention, mono or polyalkoxylated fatty amines, for example mono or polyethoxylated, obtained from the fatty amines described above can be used.
Les aminés alkoxylées utilisées dans les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention répondent par exemple aux formules (VI) et (VII) ci-dessous : The alkoxylated amines used in the lubricant compositions according to the invention correspond for example to formulas (VI) and (VII) below:
H y(O R7) N (R70)x H H (OR 7 ) N (R 7 0) x H
(VI) (VI)
H-z(OR8) N R9 N (R80)q H Hz (OR 8 ) NR 9 N (R 8 0) q H
Ri o (RsO )p H (VII) où R6 et RIO sont, indépendamment, des chaînes aliphatiques grasses, comprenant entre 7 et 150, préférentiellement entre 7 et 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement entre 12 et 18 atomes de carbone, Ri o (RsO) p H (VII) where R6 and R10 are, independently, fatty aliphatic chains, comprising between 7 and 150, preferably between 7 and 32 carbon atoms, preferentially between 12 and 18 carbon atoms,
R7 et R8 sont, indépendamment, des radicaux hydrocarbonés comprenant de 2 à 6 atomes de carbones, préférentiellement de 2 à 4, préférentiellement 2 atomes de carbone R9 est un radical hydrocarboné comprenant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbones,  R7 and R8 are, independently, hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferentially from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms, R 9 is a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
x, y, p, q et z sont des entiers entre 0 et 50, vérifiant : 0<x+y<(ou égal)50 et 0<p+q+z<(ou égal) 50. x, y, p, q and z are integers between 0 and 50, satisfying: 0 <x + y <(or equal) 50 and 0 <p + q + z <(or equal) 50.
Préférentiellement, R5 et R9 sont des chaînes grasses aliphatiques, éventuellement substituées par des groupements aryl. De façon particulièrement préférée, elles comprennent entre 7 et 30 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement entre 10 et 20, préférentiellement entre 12 et 18 atomes de carbone.  Preferentially, R5 and R9 are aliphatic fatty chains, optionally substituted with aryl groups. In a particularly preferred manner, they comprise between 7 and 30 carbon atoms, preferentially between 10 and 20, preferably between 12 and 18 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, R6 et R7 sont des chaînes aliphatiques, préférentiellement alkyl, comportant de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 2 à 4, préférentiellement 2 atomes de carbone.  Preferentially, R6 and R7 are aliphatic chains, preferably alkyl, containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement, R8 est une chaîne aliphatique, préférentiellement alkyl, comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 2 à 4, préférentiellement 3 atomes de carbone.  Preferentially, R8 is an aliphatic chain, preferably an alkyl chain, containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4, preferably 3 carbon atoms.
Des composés particulièrement préférés sont les diéthanolamines de formuleParticularly preferred compounds are diethanolamines of the formula
(VIII) : (VIII):
^C2H4OH ^ C 2 H 4 OH
R11  R11
C2H4OH (VIII) où RI 1 est une chaîne aliphatique comportant de 7 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 7 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 12 à 18 atomes de carbone C 2 H 4 OH (VIII) in which R 1 is an aliphatic chain comprising from 7 to 150 carbon atoms, preferentially from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms
Amides et imides grasses : Amides and fat imides:
Les modificateurs de frottement organiques azotés (c) des compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention peuvent être des amides ou imides obtenues par condensation des aminés grasses décrites ci-dessus et d'acides carboxyliques, telles que par exemple les oleylamides, en particulier oleylamides primaires.  The nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers (c) of the lubricant compositions according to the invention may be amides or imides obtained by condensation of the fatty amines described above and of carboxylic acids, such as, for example, oleylamides, in particular primary oleylamides.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les modificateurs de frottement organiques (c) sont des amides ou imides obtenues par condensation d' amines grasses et d' acides dicarboxyliques, aliphatiques ou aromatiques, éventuellement hydroxylés, tels que par exemple les acides malonique, succinique, malique, tartrique, phtaliques, isophtaliques, préférentiellement l'acide tartrique. According to one embodiment, the organic friction modifiers (c) are amides or imides obtained by condensation of fatty amines and acids. dicarboxylic, aliphatic or aromatic, optionally hydroxylated, such as, for example, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, preferentially tartaric acid.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les modificateurs de frottement organiques (c) sont des amides ou imides grasses obtenues par condensation d'un acide dicarboxylique de formule (IX) According to one embodiment, the organic friction modifiers (c) are fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of a dicarboxylic acid of formula (IX)
où R12 et R13 sont indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un groupement hydrocarboné, ou bien les groupes hydrocarbonés R12 et R13 forment un cycle, where R12 and R13 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, or the hydrocarbon groups R12 and R13 form a ring,
avec une aminé de formule (X ) R14R15NH, with an amine of formula (X) R14R15NH,
où R14 et R15 représentent indépendamment l'hydrogène ou une chaîne aliphatique comprenant entre 1 et 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes RI ou R2 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone. where R14 and R15 independently represent hydrogen or an aliphatic chain comprising between 1 and 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one of the RI or R2 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms.
De tels modificateurs de frottement sont décrits dans la demande US 2006/0079413, paragraphes [0025] à [028].  Such friction modifiers are described in US application 2006/0079413, paragraphs [0025] to [028].
Modificateurs de frottement organométalliques (d) : Organometallic friction modifiers (d):
Optionnellement, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention peuvent contenir un ou plusieurs composé organomolybdène à titre de modificateur de frottement. Ces composés sont biens connus de l'homme du métier. Ce sont par exemple des composés contenant également du soufre ou du phosphore, tels que les dithiophosphates, dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates de molybdène de molybdène. Des composés organomolybdènes convenant pour les compositions lubrifiantes selon la présente invention sont par exemple décrits dans la demande EP 2 078 745, [0036] à [062].  Optionally, the lubricating compositions according to the invention may contain one or more organomolybdenum compound as a friction modifier. These compounds are well known to those skilled in the art. These are, for example compounds also containing sulfur or phosphorus, such as dithiophosphates, dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates of molybdenum molybdenum. Organomolybdenum compounds which are suitable for the lubricant compositions according to the present invention are for example described in the application EP 2,078,745, [0036] to [062].
Dans les compositions selon l'invention, les modificateurs de frottement organiques azotés (c) sont typiquement présents à des teneurs comprises entre 0,01 et 2% en masse par rapport au poids total de la composition, ou encore entre 0,1 et 1 %, ou encore entre 0,3 et 0,8% en masse par rapport au poids total de la composition. Lorsque les modificateurs de frottement organiques azotés (c) sont utilisés en combinaison avec d'autres modificateurs de frottement, organométalliques(d), la teneur totale en modificateurs de frottement se situe dans les mêmes gammes (entre 0,01 et 2%, ou entre 0,1 et 1%, ou entre 0,5 et 0,8% en masse des modificateurs de frottement par rapport au poids total de la composition). In the compositions according to the invention, the nitrogen-containing organic friction modifiers (c) are typically present at contents of between 0.01 and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, or between 0.1 and 1 %, or between 0.3 and 0.8% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. When the nitrogen organic friction modifiers (c) are used in combination with other friction modifiers, organometallic (d), the total content of friction modifiers is in the same ranges (between 0.01 and 2%, or between 0.1 and 1%, or between 0.5 and 0.8% by weight of the friction modifiers relative to the total weight of the composition).
Huiles de base (a) : Basic oils (a):
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon la présente invention comprennent une ou plusieurs huiles de base, représentant généralement au moins 60 % en poids des compositions lubrifiantes, généralement au moins 65 % en poids, et pouvant aller jusqu'à 90 % et plus.  Lubricating compositions according to the present invention comprise one or more base oils, generally representing at least 60% by weight of the lubricating compositions, generally at least 65% by weight, and up to 90% or more.
La ou les huiles de base utilisées dans les compositions selon la présente invention peuvent être des huiles d'origine minérales ou synthétiques des groupes I à V selon les classes définies dans la classification API (ou leurs équivalents selon la classification ATIEL) telle que résumée ci-dessous, seules ou en mélange.  The base oil (s) used in the compositions according to the present invention may be oils of mineral or synthetic origin of groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) as summarized herein. below, alone or mixed.
Ces huiles peuvent être des huiles d'origine végétale, animale, ou minérales. Les huiles de base minérales selon l'invention incluent tous types de bases obtenues par distillation atmosphérique et sous vide du pétrole brut, suivies d'opérations de raffinage tels qu'extraction au solvant, désalphatage, déparaffinage au solvant, hydro traitement, hydrocraquage et hydroisomérisation, hydrofinition. These oils may be oils of vegetable, animal or mineral origin. The mineral base oils according to the invention include all types of bases obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydro-treatment, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. , hydrofinishing.
Les huiles de bases des compositions selon la présente invention peuvent également être des huiles synthétiques, tels certains esters d'acides carboxyliques et d'alcools, ou des polyalphaoléfines. Les polyoaplphaléfines utilisées comme huiles de base, sont par exemple obtenues à partir de monomères ayant de 4 à 32 atomes de carbone (par exemple octène, decène), et ont une viscosité à 100°C comprise entre 1,5 et 15 Cst. Leur masse moléculaire moyenne en poids est typiquement comprise entre 250 et 3000. Des mélanges d'huiles synthétiques et minérales peuvent également être employés. The base oils of the compositions according to the present invention may also be synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, or polyalphaolefins. The polyo-olefins used as base oils, for example, are obtained from monomers having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example octene, decene), and have a viscosity at 100 ° C of between 1.5 and 15 Cst. Their weight average molecular weight is typically between 250 and 3000. Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils can also be used.
Préférentiellement, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention sont formulées avec des bases de groupe III et/ou IV.  Preferably, the lubricant compositions according to the invention are formulated with Group III and / or IV bases.
Selon un mode préféré, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent au moins une huile de base minérale isoparaffinique, obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n- parraffïnique, issue d'opérations de déparaffïnage au solvant ou de déparaffïnage catalytique. De telles bases sont des bases minérales de groupe III désignées sous le nom de bases de groupe III+.  According to one preferred embodiment, the lubricating compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic mineral base oil, obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic charge, resulting from solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing operations. Such bases are Group III mineral bases referred to as Group III + bases.
Selon un autre modé préféré, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention comprennent au moins une huile de base synthétique isoparaffinique, obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n- paraffînique telle qu'une cire Fisher Tropsh.  According to another preferred embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention comprise at least one isoparaffinic synthetic base oil, obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler such as a Fisher Tropsh wax.
Selon un mode particulièrement préféré, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention contiennent 65 à 90% en poids de telles bases isoparaffïniques. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention contain 65 to 90% by weight of such isoparaffinic bases.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention contiennent exclusivement des bases minérales dites de groupe III+ ou des bases obtenues par hydro isomérisation dune cire Fisher Tropsh à titre d'huile de base, dans une proportion comprise entre 65 et 90% en masse.  According to one embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention exclusively contain so-called Group III + mineral bases or bases obtained by hydroisomerization of a Fisher Tropsh wax as a base oil, in a proportion of between 65 and 90%. in mass.
De préférence, les compositions selon la présente invention ont une viscosité cinématique à 100°c comprise entre 5,6 et 16,3 Cst mesurée par la norme ASTM D445, (grade SAE 20, 30 et 40), préférentiellement comprise entre 9,3 et 12,5 Cst (grade 30). Selon un mode particulièrement préféré, les compositions selon la présente invention sont des huiles multigrades de grade 0W30 ou 0W20 selon la classification SAEJ300.  Preferably, the compositions according to the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 5.6 and 16.3 Cst, measured by the ASTM D445 standard (grade SAE 20, 30 and 40), preferably between 9.3 and 12.5 Cst (grade 30). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the compositions according to the present invention are multigrade oils of grade 0W30 or 0W20 according to the SAEJ300 classification.
Les compositions selon la présente invention ont également de préférence un indice de viscosité VI supérieur à 130, préférentiellement supérieur à 150, préférentiellement supérieur à 160.  The compositions according to the present invention also preferably have a VI viscosity index greater than 130, preferably greater than 150, preferably greater than 160.
Préférentiellement, les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention sont des huiles moteur pour véhicules essence ou Diesel, préférentiellement pour véhicules Diesel, préférentiellement conformes aux spécifications ACE A C2 ou JASO DLl bien connues de l'homme du métier.  Preferably, the lubricant compositions according to the invention are motor oils for petrol or diesel vehicles, preferably for diesel vehicles, preferably in accordance with the specifications ACE A C2 or JASO DL1 well known to those skilled in the art.
Autres additifs : Other additives:
Les compositions lubrifiantes selon l'invention peuvent également contenir tous types d'additifs adaptés à leur utilisation. Ces additifs peuvent être ajoutés individuellement, ou bien sous forme de paquets d'additifs, garantissant un certain niveau de performance aux compositions lubrifiantes, telles que requises, par exemple pour un lubrifiant Diesel ACEA (constructeurs automobiles européens) ou JASO (Japan Automobile Standards Organisation). Ce sont par exemple et non limitativement : Des dispersants, représentant généralement entre 5 et 8 % en poids des compositions lubrifiantes. Les dispersants comme par exemples succinimides, PIB (polyisobutène) succinimides, Bases de Mannich assurent le maintien en suspension et l'évacuation des contaminants solides insolubles constitués par les produits secondaires d'oxydation qui se forment lorsque l'huile moteur est en service. The lubricant compositions according to the invention may also contain any type of additive adapted to their use. These additives can be added individually, or in the form of packets of additives, guaranteeing a certain level of performance to the lubricating compositions, as required, for example for a Diesel ACEA (European car manufacturers) or JASO (Japan Automobile Standards Organization) lubricant. These are for example and not limited to: Dispersants, generally representing between 5 and 8% by weight of the lubricating compositions. Dispersants such as succinimides, PIB (polyisobutene) succinimides, Mannich bases ensure the maintenance in suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary oxidation products that are formed when the engine oil is in use.
Des antioxydants représentant généralement entre 0,5 et 2% en poids des compositions lubrifiantes.  Antioxidants generally represent between 0.5 and 2% by weight of the lubricating compositions.
Les antioxydants retardent la dégradation des huiles en service, dégradation qui peut se traduire par la formation de dépôts, la présence de boues, ou une augmentation de la viscosité de l'huile. Ils agissent comme inhibiteurs radicalaires ou destructeurs d'hydroperoxydes. Parmi les antioxydants couramment employés on trouve les antioxydants de type phénolique, aminés stériquement encombrés. Une autre classe d' antioxydants est celle des composés cuivrés solubles dans l'huile, par exemples les thio ou dithiophosphates de cuivre, les sels de cuivre et d'acides carboxyliques, les dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates de cuivre. Les sels de cuivre I et II, d'acide ou d'anhydride succiniques sont utilisés.  Antioxidants delay the degradation of oils in service, which can result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge, or an increase in the viscosity of the oil. They act as free radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides. Among the commonly used antioxidants are phenolic antioxidants, sterically hindered amines. Another class of antioxidants is that of oil-soluble copper compounds, for example copper thio or dithiophosphate, copper and carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates. The copper salts I and II, succinic acid or anhydride are used.
Des additifs antiusure, représentant généralement entre 1 et 2% en poids des compositions lubrifiantes. Les additifs anti-usure protègent les surfaces en frottement par formation d'un film protecteur adsorbé sur ces surfaces. Le plus couramment utilisé est le di-thiophosphate de zinc ou DTPZn. On trouve également dans cette catégorie divers composés phosphorés, soufrés, azotés, chlorés et borés.  Antiwear additives, generally representing between 1 and 2% by weight of the lubricating compositions. The anti-wear additives protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces. The most commonly used is zinc di-thiophosphate or DTPZn. This category also contains various phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and boron compounds.
Des détergents représentant généralement entre 2 et 4 % en poids des compositions lubrifiantes  Detergents generally representing between 2 and 4% by weight of the lubricating compositions
Les détergents sont typiquement des sels de métaux alcalins ou alcalino -terreux d'acides carboxyliques, de sulfonates, salicylates, naphténates, ainsi que les sels de phénates. Ils ont typiquement un BN selon ASTM D2896 supérieur à 40, ou à 80 mg KOH/gramme de détergent, et sont le plus souvent surbasés, avec des valeurs de BN typiquement de l'ordre de 150 et plus, voire 250 ou 400 ou plus (exprimé en mg de KOH par gramme de détergent).  Detergents are typically alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts. They typically have a BN according to ASTM D2896 greater than 40, or 80 mg KOH / gram of detergent, and are most often overbased, with BN values typically of the order of 150 and more, or even 250 or 400 or more. (expressed as mg KOH per gram of detergent).
Et également des antimousse, des abaisseurs de point d'écoulement, des inhibiteurs de corrosion... Exemples : And also defoamers, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors ... Examples:
Préparation des huiles :  Preparation of oils:
Plusieurs huiles pour véhicules moteur Diesel de grade 0W30 ont été préparées, à partir d'un package d'additifs de performance pour huiles moteur Diesel permettant d'atteindre les spécifications ACEA C2/JASO DLl , et comprenant des antioxydants, des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des dispersants, des détergents, des antiusures, des abaisseurs de point d'écoulement, des inhibiteurs de corrosion.  Several 0W30 grade diesel engine oils have been prepared from a diesel engine performance additive package to meet ACEA C2 / JASO DLl specifications, including antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, detergents, antiwear, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors.
Les compositions (en % massique) de ces huiles sont données Table 1 ci-dessous : The compositions (in% by weight) of these oils are given in Table 1 below:
Table 1 : compositions massique des huiles moteur de grade 0W30 Table 1: Mass Composition of 0W30 Motor Oils
Mesure de la consommation de carburant Measuring fuel consumption
Des essais moteurs ont permis d'évaluer les économies de carburant réalisées sur un véhicule moteur Diesel dont le moteur est lubrifié avec ces différentes huiles.  Motor tests were used to evaluate the fuel savings achieved on a diesel engine whose engine is lubricated with these different oils.
Une huile 5W30, comprenant un package additifs de niveau de performance ACEA Cl/JASO DLl, un polymère améliorant de Vi de type poly isoprène hydrogéné et formulé à partir d'huiles de base de groupe III, sert de référence pour l'essai.  A 5W30 oil, comprising an ACEA Cl / JASO DLl performance level additive package, a hydrogenated polyisoprene-type VI-improving polymer formulated from Group III base oils, serves as a reference for the test.
Principe de l'essai :  Principle of the test:
Un véhicule Toyota Corolla Verso D4D Clean Power, équipée d'un moteur Common Rail injection 2AD, d'un système de post traitement DPNR (Diesel Particulate-Nox réduction) avec 5e injecteur de régénération à leurrer, placé dans un environnement B7, est soumis à un cycle de conduite normalisé NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), également appelé cycle MVEG (Motor Vehicle Emissions group). Ce cycle est conçu pour imiter de façon reproductible les conditions rencontrées sur les routes européennes et est largement utilisé pour mesurer la consommation de carburant et les émissions polluantes des véhicules. A vehicle Toyota Corolla Verso D4D Clean Power, equipped with an engine common rail injection 2AD, a post processing system DPNR (Diesel Particulate-NOx Reduction) with 5th regeneration injector lure, placed in a B7 environment, is subject to a NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) standard driving cycle, also known as the Motor Vehicle Emissions Group (MVEG) cycle. This cycle is designed to reproduce reproducibly the conditions encountered on European roads and is widely used to measure the fuel consumption and polluting emissions of vehicles.
Les caractéristiques de ce cycle (vitesse fonction du temps) sont données figure 1. Il comporte une phase froide ou phase urbaine froide (de 0 à 200 secondes), une phase intermédiaire ou phase urbaine chaude (de 200 à 725 secondes), une phase chaude ou phase extra urbaine (de 725 à 1200 secondes).  The characteristics of this cycle (velocity as a function of time) are given in figure 1. It includes a cold phase or cold urban phase (from 0 to 200 seconds), an intermediate phase or hot urban phase (from 200 to 725 seconds), a phase hot or extra urban phase (from 725 to 1200 seconds).
Mise en œuyre : Implementation:
Le véhicule est placé sur un banc bi rouleaux aux normes E4 permettant de simuler de façon reproductible la résistance rencontrée sur route du fait de la traînée aérodynamique et de la masse du véhicule.  The vehicle is placed on a E4-standard two-roller bench allowing the resistance encountered on the road to be simulated in a reproducible manner due to the aerodynamic drag and the mass of the vehicle.
Les essais sont réalisés avec une température de l'air ambiant de 20°C, une hygrométrie de 50%, une pression de 1000 mbar. Le calcul de consommation se fait par un bilan carbone après analyse des gaz d'échappement. Le carburant utilisé pour tous les essais est un gazole EN590-B7.  The tests are carried out with an ambient air temperature of 20 ° C, a hygrometry of 50%, a pressure of 1000 mbar. The calculation of consumption is done by a carbon balance after analysis of the exhaust gases. The fuel used for all tests is an EN590-B7 diesel.
Résultats :  Results:
Les consommations de carburant absolues sont mesurées (en litre/100 km), sur le cycle global et par phase. Les écarts de consommation (en %) avec la référence passée immédiatement avant l'échantillon d'huile à analyser sont également calculés. Les résultats sont donnés dans la table 2.  Absolute fuel consumption is measured (in liters / 100 km), on the global cycle and per phase. The consumption differences (in%) with the reference passed immediately before the oil sample to be analyzed are also calculated. The results are given in Table 2.
L'huile A est selon l'invention. Elle contient comme modificateur de frottement un mélange d'amides et d'imides grasses de l'acide tartrique. Elle contient à titre de polymère améliorant de VI du comb PMA, et une moindre quantité de SBH, destiné à apporter la viscosité nécessaire pour obtenir une huile de grade 30.  The oil A is according to the invention. It contains as a friction modifier a mixture of amides and fatty imides of tartaric acid. It contains as an improvement polymer of VI PMA comb, and a smaller amount of SBH, intended to provide the viscosity necessary to obtain a grade 30 oil.
Les huiles B à F contiennent des modificateurs de frottements identiques aux huiles selon l'invention, à des teneurs comparables, mais sont formulées sans comb polymère. Les quantités de polymère améliorant de VI sont ajustées pour obtenir le grade viscosimétrique souhaité.  The oils B to F contain friction modifiers identical to the oils according to the invention, at comparable contents, but are formulated without a comb polymer. The amounts of VI improving polymer are adjusted to obtain the desired viscosimetric grade.
L'huile A selon l'invention permet de réaliser des économies de carburant par rapport aux huiles B, C, D, E, F, sur la totalité du cycle du moteur et en particulier en phase froide et en phase intermédiaire. The oil A according to the invention makes it possible to achieve fuel savings with respect to oils B, C, D, E and F over the entire engine cycle and in particular in the cold phase and in the intermediate phase.
Table 2 : consommations de carburant Table 2: Fuel Consumption

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Composition lubrifiante comprenant : A lubricating composition comprising:
(a) une ou plusieurs huiles de base,  (a) one or more base oils,
(b) au moins un polymère en peigne formé d'une chaîne principale polyalkyl(meth)acrylate, et de chaînes latérales hydro carbonées comportant au moins 50 atomes de carbone,  (b) at least one comb polymer formed of a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate backbone and hydro carbon side chains having at least 50 carbon atoms,
(c) au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté choisi parmi les aminés grasses, éventuellement alkoxylées, les amides ou imides grasses obtenues par condensation d' aminés grasses et d'acides carboxyliques, seules ou en mélange,  (c) at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier selected from fatty amines, optionally alkoxylated, fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of fatty amines and carboxylic acids, alone or as a mixture,
(d) optionnellement, un ou plusieurs modificateurs de frottement organométallique de type organomolybdène.  (d) optionally, one or more organometallic friction modifiers of organomolybdenum type.
2. Composition lubrifiante selon la revendication 1 où les chaînes latérales hydro carbonées des polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenues par polymérisation ou copolymérisation d'oléfmes, préférentiellement choisies parmi les styrènes éventuellement substitués, et comportant de 8 à 17 atomes de carbone, le butadiène, additionné en 1-4 ou en 1-2, ou les monomères de formule (I) 2. Lubricating composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydro carbon side chains of the comb polymers (b) are obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of olefins, preferably chosen from optionally substituted styrenes, and comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms, butadiene, added in 1-4 or in 1-2, or the monomers of formula (I)
X2 X 2
X-, C^CH2 X-, C ^ CH 2
(I) où XI et X2 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone.  (I) wherein X1 and X2 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
3. Composition lubrifiante selon les revendications 1 ou 2 où les polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenus par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (II) 3. Lubricating composition according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (II)
O R'  GOLD'
R-,— (— A— ] t-A'†CH2CH2-0— C— C=CH2 R -, - (- A-] t-A '† CH 2 CH 2 -O-C-C = CH 2
(Π) avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (III) :  (Π) with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (III):
R' O  R 'O
I II  I II
H2C=C— C— OR, (III) où : H 2 C = C-C-OR, (III) or :
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle, each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
A est formé par l'addition de 1,4-butadiène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  A is formed by the addition of 1,4-butadiene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted by alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
A' est formé par l'addition de 1 ,2-butadiène éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, ou par l'addition vinylique de styrène, éventuellement substitué par des groupements alkyl comprenant 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  A 'is formed by the addition of 1,2-butadiene optionally substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or by the vinyl addition of styrene, optionally substituted with alkyl groups comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms ,
n et m sont des entiers supérieurs ou égaux à zéro, et n + m est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. n and m are integers greater than or equal to zero, and n + m is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
4. Composition lubrifiante selon les revendications 1 ou 2 où les polymères en peigne (b) sont obtenus par copolymérisation de macromonomères de formule (IV) 4. Lubricating composition according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the comb polymers (b) are obtained by copolymerization of macromonomers of formula (IV)
(IV) avec des monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques de formule (III) :  (IV) with acrylic or methacrylic monomers of formula (III):
R' O  R 'O
I II  I II
H2C— C— C— OR2 (ΠΙ) où : H 2 C-C-C-OR 2 (ΠΙ) where:
chaque R' est indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un méthyle, each R 'is independently hydrogen or methyl,
RI est un résidu alkyl ou aryl comportant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  RI is an alkyl or aryl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
R2 est un résidu alkyl comportant de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone,  R2 is an alkyl residue having 1 to 26 carbon atoms,
XI, X2, X3 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène, soit des groupes alkyl comportant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone,  X1, X2, X3 are independently either hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
p, q, r sont des entiers supérieurs ou égaux à zéro, et p + q +r est un entier entre 7 et 3000, préférentiellement entre 10 et 3000. p, q, r are integers greater than or equal to zero, and p + q + r is an integer between 7 and 3000, preferably between 10 and 3000.
5. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 où au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les aminés grasses de formule (V) : où R3, R4, R5 sont indépendamment soit l'hydrogène soit des chaînes aliphatiques comprenant de 1 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes R3, R4, ou R5 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone, 5. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least one nitrogenous organic friction modifier (c) is selected from fatty amines of formula (V): where R3, R4, R5 are independently either hydrogen or aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and at least one of R3, R4 or R5 chains is an aliphatic chain fat comprising at least 7 carbon atoms,
n est un entier supérieur ou égal à 1, de préférence compris entre 1 et 2. n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 2.
6. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 où au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les aminés alkoxylées répondant aux formules (VI) ou (VII) ci-dessous : 6. lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least one nitrogenous organic friction modifier (c) is selected from alkoxylated amines corresponding to formulas (VI) or (VII) below:
H y(O R7) N (R70)x H H y (OR 7) N (R 7 0) x H
Re (VI)  Re (VI)
H-z(OR8) N R9 N (R80)q H H- z (OR 8 ) NR 9 N (R 8 0) q H
Ri o (RsO)p H (vil) où R6 et RIO sont, indépendamment, des chaînes aliphatiques grasses, comprenant entre 7 et 150, préférentiellement entre 7 et 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement entre 12 et 18 atomes de carbone,  Where R 6 and R 10 are, independently, fatty aliphatic chains, comprising between 7 and 150, preferably between 7 and 32 carbon atoms, preferably between 12 and 18 carbon atoms,
R7 et R8 sont, indépendamment, des radicaux hydrocarbonés comprenant de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 2 à 4, préférentiellement 2 atomes de carbone,  R7 and R8 are, independently, hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferentially from 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms,
R9 est un radical hydrocarboné comprenant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone,  R9 is a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
x, y, p, q et z sont des entiers entre 0 et 50, vérifiant : 0<x+y<(ou égal)50 etx, y, p, q and z are integers between 0 and 50, satisfying: 0 <x + y <(or equal) 50 and
0<p+q+z<(ou égal) 50. 0 <p + q + z <(or equal) 50.
7. Composition lubrifiante selon la revendication 6 où au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les diéthano lamines de formule (VIII) : 7. The lubricating composition according to claim 6, wherein at least one nitrogen-containing organic friction modifier (c) is chosen from the diéthano-lamines of formula (VIII):
R11 R11
C2H4OH (VIII) où RI 1 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comportant de 7 à 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 7 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 12 à 18 atomes de carbone. C 2 H 4 OH (VIII) in which R 1 is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising from 7 to 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
8. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 où au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) est choisi parmi les amides ou imides grasses obtenues par condensation d'un acide dicarboxylique de formule (IX) 8. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least one nitrogenous organic friction modifier (c) is selected from fatty amides or imides obtained by condensation of a dicarboxylic acid of formula (IX)
où R12 et R13 sont indépendamment l'hydrogène ou un groupement hydrocarboné, ou bien les groupes hydrocarbonés RI 2 et RI 3 forment un cycle, where R12 and R13 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, or the hydrocarbon groups RI 2 and RI 3 form a ring,
avec une aminé de formule (X ) R14R15NH, with an amine of formula (X) R14R15NH,
où R14 et R15 représentent indépendamment l'hydrogène ou une chaîne aliphatique comprenant entre 1 et 150 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 32 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 26 atomes de carbone, et au moins une des chaînes RI ou R2 est une chaîne aliphatique grasse comprenant au moins 7 atomes de carbone. where R14 and R15 independently represent hydrogen or an aliphatic chain comprising between 1 and 150 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and at least one of the RI or R2 chains is a fatty aliphatic chain comprising at least 7 carbon atoms.
9. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 comprenant au moins un modificateur de frottement organique azoté (c) et au moins un modificateur de frottement organométallique (d). 9. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 8 comprising at least one nitrogenous organic friction modifier (c) and at least one organometallic friction modifier (d).
10. Composition lubrifiante selon la revendication 9 où les modificateurs de frottement organométalliques (d) sont choisis parmi les dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates de molybdène. The lubricating composition of claim 9 wherein the organometallic friction modifiers (d) are selected from dithiocarbamates, dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates, xanthates, thioxanthates of molybdenum.
11. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 9 à 10 où le modificateur de frottement organométalliques (d) est un dithiocarbamate de molybdène de formule (XI) : où RI 6, RI 7, RI 8, RI 9 sont des chaînes alkyl comportant de 8 à 13 atomes de carbone. 11. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 9 to 10 wherein the organometallic friction modifier (d) is a molybdenum dithiocarbamate of formula (XI): where RI 6, RI 7, RI 8, RI 9 are alkyl chains having 8 to 13 carbon atoms.
12. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 comprenant : 12. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 11 comprising:
• de 65 à 90 % en poids d'une ou plusieurs huiles de base (a),  From 65 to 90% by weight of one or more base oils (a),
• de 2 à 15 % en poids de polymère (b),  From 2 to 15% by weight of polymer (b),
• de 0,01 à 2 % en poids de modificateurs de frottement (c).  From 0.01 to 2% by weight of friction modifiers (c).
13. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 comprenant au moins une huile de base (a) minérale isoparaffïnique obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n- paraffînique issue de déparaffînage au solvant ou de déparaffînage catalytique, ou au moins une huile de base (a) synthétique isoparaffïnique obtenue par hydro isomérisation d'une charge n-paraffînique constituée d'une cire Fisher Tropsh. 13. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 12 comprising at least one isoparaffinic mineral base oil (a) obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic feedstock from solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, or at least one isoparaffinic synthetic base oil (a) obtained by hydroisomerization of an n-paraffinic filler consisting of a Fisher Tropsh wax.
14. Composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 qui est de grade 0W20 ou 0W30 selon la classification SAEJ300. 14. Lubricating composition according to one of claims 1 to 13 which is grade 0W20 or 0W30 according to classification SAEJ300.
15. Utilisation d'une composition lubrifiante selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14 pour la lubrification des moteurs 4 temps essence ou diesel de véhicules légers, préférentiellement de véhicules hybrides. 15. Use of a lubricant composition according to one of claims 1 to 14 for the lubrication of gasoline or diesel 4-stroke engines of light vehicles, preferably hybrid vehicles.
16. Utilisation selon la revendication 15 où le moteur est un moteur Diesel. 16. Use according to claim 15 wherein the engine is a diesel engine.
EP11761140.0A 2010-08-27 2011-08-25 Engine lubricant Not-in-force EP2609180B1 (en)

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