EP2607970A1 - Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device - Google Patents
Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2607970A1 EP2607970A1 EP11195125.7A EP11195125A EP2607970A1 EP 2607970 A1 EP2607970 A1 EP 2607970A1 EP 11195125 A EP11195125 A EP 11195125A EP 2607970 A1 EP2607970 A1 EP 2607970A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mobile
- axis
- flange
- adjustment
- inertia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
- G04B18/006—Mechanisms for setting frequency by adjusting the devices fixed on the balance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
- G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
- G04D7/084—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by setting adjustable elements, e.g. balance wheel screws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
- G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
- G04D7/085—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by removing material from the balance wheel itself
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
- G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
- G04D7/088—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by loading the balance wheel itself with material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft.
- the invention also relates to a mobile for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, and comprising less a flange connected to said movable shaft and protruding radially from said shaft, said flange being substantially perpendicular to said axis of moving.
- the invention also relates to a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile.
- the invention also relates to a mechanism for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
- the invention also relates to a scientific instrument comprising such a mechanism and / or such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
- the invention relates to the field of precision mechanics, in particular mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular the fields of meters and precision devices comprising mechanisms for measuring, displaying or comparing a flow rate, consumption, or time, comprising components movable pivotally or oscillating about an axis.
- the quality of the guides of certain components moving in rotation or oscillation about an axis is of great importance, for the reproducibility over time of the measurements made or the signals generated.
- Any fault at the level of the guides, between pivots of the mechanism on the one hand and on the other hand of the staves, that includes a component tree, results in poor accuracy, but also wear and degradation of performance over time.
- the geometric quality of the machining is a necessary condition for precision operation, but this condition is often not sufficient. Indeed, the vibration behavior, in particular in the presence of unbalance, directly influences the pressures exerted on the bearings, and therefore the lubrication constraints, and the maintenance constraints especially in case of replacement or rebuilding bearings or / and pivots to restore the quality of the guides after wear.
- the invention proposes to provide a solution to ensure a reduction of friction in the guides of the rotating components of such precision mechanisms, and to improve the accuracy of operation of these mechanisms. It also seeks to allow an increase in rotation speeds and / or oscillation frequencies of the components concerned.
- the search for a better precision leads to seek a better setting of the mobile, in particular by the execution of a dynamic balancing of quality.
- the invention proposes to balance the mobile dynamically, that is to say, to bring its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.
- said adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of said mobile or equipped mobile.
- the invention also relates to a mobile for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, and comprising less a flange connected to said movable shaft and protruding radially from said shaft, said flange being substantially perpendicular to said axis of moving, characterized in that it comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to said axis of mobile or confused with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane, and in that said flange comprises a plurality of housings each receiving a movable mass adjustable in position in said housing concerned, or only in a parallel direction said axis of mobile, or only in a plane perpendicular to a radial end of said mobile axis.
- said median plane is located in the thickness of said flange.
- the invention also relates to a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile, characterized in that it further comprises a drive means, or / and a means of recall or elastic repulsion, and / or a means of return or magnetic repulsion, or / and a means of return or repulsion electrostatic.
- the invention also relates to a mechanism for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
- the invention also relates to a scientific instrument comprising such a mechanism and / or such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
- the invention relates to the field of mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular to the fields of meters and precision devices comprising measurement or time comparison mechanisms, comprising components that are pivotally or oscillating about an axis .
- the invention is concerned with the optimal balancing of a mobile 1 or a mobile equipped 40.
- mobile is meant, in the following description, any tree component movable pivoting or oscillation about a so-called mobile axis D, corresponding to the axis of the tree portion.
- This mobile may, if necessary, but not necessarily, have teeth, gears, other drive means such as grooves or bearings, as well as fastening or cooperation elements with a driving means, and / or elastic return or repulsion means, and / or magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or an electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like.
- mobile equipped 40 a subset or a mechanical assembly comprising at least one such mobile 1, and all or part of a drive means, and / or a means of return or elastic repulsion, or / and a magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or an electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like.
- the figure 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of such a mobile equipped 40, consisting on the one hand of a mobile 1, and on the other hand magnetic repulsion means 41.
- the mobile 1 comprises a shaft 10 of axis D, in this for example a toothed wheel 42 and a pinion 43, and a flange 2 carrying adjustment means 4, here represented in a radial implantation in a radial direction R to the axis D and in a so-called median plane P corresponding to the secondary axes d theoretical inertia, the theoretical main axis of inertia coinciding with the axis D.
- flange a projecting portion substantially radially, preferably of revolution about the axis of the mobile, and of diameter greater than that of the shaft.
- the same mobile can naturally include several such flanges, some of which may have particular functions, such as gears, pulleys, or the like.
- the invention proposes to dynamically balance the mobile 1, or the mobile equipped 40. That is to say, to reduce its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.
- the various embodiments, non-limiting, and the figures illustrate the application of the invention to a mobile 1 naked, and are naturally applicable to a mobile equipped 40.
- the invention relates to a method of improving the pivoting of a mobile 1 or a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece.
- This mobile 1 comprises at least one shaft 10 arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis D constituted by the axis of this shaft 10, and preferably at least one flange 2 of space diametrical to that of the shaft 10.
- the mobile is reduced to the shaft 10 alone, it remains possible to carry out a dynamic balancing using certain implementation variants of the invention, applicable to such a device.
- This mobile 1 or mobile equipped 40 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this axis of mobile D.
- the predetermined tolerance range comprises an upper bound corresponding to the target value. In other applications, the tolerance range is around this target value.
- said target unbalance moment target value is determined in the form of a maximum allowable unbalance moment value resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis, this maximum value corresponding to a predetermined maximum angular divergence between a first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped on the one hand, and the axis of the mobile on the other hand.
- the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment of the mobile or equipped mobile then has the effect of bringing the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile axis, below the predetermined maximum angular divergence.
- this adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile .
- an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of at least one flange that includes the mobile, protruding radially relative to its shaft.
- an addition is made and / or displacement or / and removal of material at the shaft of the mobile.
- an addition is made and / or displacement or / and removal of material at least one arm that includes said mobile between said shaft and another eccentric portion of said mobile.
- the static balancing is performed before adjusting the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
- this static balancing is performed simultaneously with the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
- the maximum value of the unbalance moment resulting from the moving part is set to zero.
- mobile equipped around the axis of mobile so as to coincide the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped with the axis of the mobile.
- this predetermined speed of rotation is fixed at the maximum angular velocity calculated for the mobile or equipped mobile, considered during its oscillation in service.
- cylindrical or corrugated housings arranged to receive are machined.
- cylindrical or fluted masses movable in an axial direction parallel to the axis of mobile. And then performs all or part of the adjustment by displacement of such moving masses inserted in some of these housing, relative to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile. In the absence of flange, the machining of such housing on the shaft 10 of the mobile.
- these mobile masses prior to this static balancing and dynamic balancing, are made captive and unmountable with respect to the flange, either during a one-piece execution of the mobile or mobile equipped together. with these moving masses, or by expansion of at least one end of each movable mass to prevent the passage of the expanded zone through the housing corresponding to this mobile mass.
- a flange 2 which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, asymmetrically with respect to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile.
- a flange 2 which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, is machined with radial tapped housings arranged to receive screws. asymmetrically movable head in a radial direction relative to the axis of mobil, and all or part of said adjustment is effected by moving such screws screwed into some of these threaded housing. In the absence of a flange, machining of such tapped housings on the shaft 10 of the mobile.
- a measure of moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped with respect to the axis of mobile one identifies the imbalance in angular position with respect to a reference angular that includes the mobile or mobile equipped, such as a pin, a notch, a drilling, a reported component, a marking, or the like.
- a flange which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, with a mal-dish of a predetermined value, is machined beforehand.
- an unbalance or / and a moment of imbalance resulting voluntarily in a particular angular direction is created voluntarily and offset from the median plane P.
- Figures 16A and 16B thus illustrate thicknesses 31 and 32, on both sides of the plane P, and together substantially defining a plane PS passing through the axis of the mobile D.
- the figures show, in a nonlimiting manner, adjustments made on a flange of mobile, since it is easier to make an inertia correction near the largest diameter of the mobile, allowing to make only corrections minimal mass. To simplify the representation, only this flange is illustrated, without complete representation of the mobile tree. Naturally, the arrangements described are also applicable to other forms of mobile, and machining or adjustment components can be positioned on other parts of the mobile, depending on their accessibility.
- Figures 2A to 2F illustrate different variants of balancing machining performed on a flange 2 of mobile 1, the figure 2F illustrating in particular a balancing machining hidden at the bottom of a groove for aesthetic reasons.
- the machining is performed from and others of this plane P.
- the figures, non-limiting, illustrate different possibilities: on both sides of the median plane ( FIGS. 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E ), internal / external machining with respect to the flange ( Figures 2C, 2D ), of volume and radial positioning different from the axis of the mobile ( Figure 2B ), machining performed axially from the same side of the flange ( Figures 2B, 2E ) or from the opposite sides ( Figure 2A ).
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a mobile device 1 comprising weights 6 breakable and / or foldable, 6A and 6B distributed on either side of a median plane P of the flange 2.
- the rupture of a thin fastener 6C provides a differential of inertia with respect to the axis D, and the large number of weights 6, of the order of thirty per level in the example of the figure, allows an adjustment with respect to the direction of the measured unbalance moment.
- the figure 11 illustrates a flange 2 comprising a peripheral portion 2B connected to an axial core 2A by fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, this peripheral portion 2B being slotted by slots 20, and deformable at the different portions 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D it includes, each worn by one of these fasteners.
- plastic deformation is carried out of all or part of the fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D in order to straighten or otherwise wave the flange 2.
- a fastener 23A carries a sector-shaped section 19A whose ends 21A and 22A are movable relative to the radial direction R of the fastener considered, here 23A, and, by twisting of this fastener, the two ends are spaced apart on either side of the median plane of the flange at rest.
- Each fastener 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D may be deformed independently of the others.
- the fastener may be rigid, and the sector of flange deformable. In another variant, they can both be deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.
- the figures 1 , 4 to 10 , and 12 to 14 illustrate mobile variants with reported components.
- the figure 12 shows a smooth mass 26 adjustable in axial position in a housing 25, in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile D.
- figure 13 shows a fluted mass 27 mobile in an ad hoc housing.
- the figure 14 similar represents a mass trapped with respect to the flange 2 of the mobile 1, with a head 28 on one side of the flange 2, and a rivet 29 or an expansion by pegging on the other side of the flange 2.
- the displacement in the direction A allows a dynamic balancing adjustment, the smooth masses 26 or fluted 27 may, again, be graduated or notched in the direction A to facilitate adjustment, according to a calculation by a control means of the dynamic balancing process.
- the figure 7 shows adjusting screws 14 in housings 15 of the flange 2, mounted parallel in a direction A to the axial direction D of the mobile 1.
- the figure 8 has adjustment screws 14 similar to those of the figure 7 , arranged alternately on (screw 14A) and under (screw 14B) the flange 2 of the mobile 1, in corresponding housings 15A and 15B.
- the reverse mounting with a nut on a threaded shaft, is also suitable. In either case, it is advantageous to use slightly different steps between the male component and the female component to improve the service life.
- the mobile 1 comprises, slidably movable, a portion driven, or clipped, or mounted with clearance, either in rotation or axially. Providing at least one nip guide surface or the like allows the reported component to take discrete positions.
- the mobility of the reported component can still be performed by screwing / unscrewing.
- FIGS 4A and 4B illustrate mobile masses on or under rails 3 incorporated in windows of a flange 2 of the mobile 1.
- These movable masses are constituted in particular by sliding stirrups 8 each having an immobilizing screw 7, here shown in an axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile 1.
- the screw 7, and especially the head of this screw can be placed on one side or the other of the mobile 1.
- the adjustment component may also be clipped on an arm 3 or on the flange 2 of the mobile 1.
- it may consist of a flexible object clipped on a rigid part, for example a counterweight on an axis, or a rigid clip-on object. in a flexible part, for example an axis in a slot.
- An adjusting component may also be an additional component simply bonded, welded, or riveted to the structure of the mobile.
- it bends a flexible insert.
- the figure 5 illustrates, in a first variant, a mobile 1 with at least one deformable blade 9, with a component in the axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile.
- the deformation of each blade 9 is printed by a set screw 7, here shown fixed in a threaded housing 7A of the rail 3.
- such screws can also be carried by the flange 2.
- at least one blade flexible 9 equips each side of the mobile 1.
- the differential adjustment of inertia is provided both by the displacement of each adjusting screw 7 in its direction A, and by the deformation of the corresponding flexible blade 9.
- the flexible blade 9 is held at one end 9E, near the axis of the mobile 1, and is free at its other end, which it advantageously comprises an additional mass 9A. It is understood that the deformable blade 9 can be designed for use in a field of elastic deformation, in the optics of setting resets, or in the field of plastic deformation, in case of unique adjustment of the mobile.
- a second variant of this adjustment by bending implements a displacement of the attachment of the flexible part, possibly provided with notches, and with a support of the flexible part against a cam or a fixed zone.
- FIG 6 illustrates a mass 130 orientable angularly with respect to a window 2F that includes a flange 2 of the mobile 1, and having an arc 13 bears on a first edge 2H and under a second edge 2G of this window 2F.
- the mass 130 is angularly adjustable relative to the flange 3, at an angle to the center ⁇ .
- This orientable mass 130 comprises a bearing washer 11 bearing on a bearing surface of the mobile 1, in particular a bearing surface of the shaft 10.
- This bearing washer 11 is integral with an arm 12, preferably flexible, which is itself integral with the arc 13, preferably greater rigidity in torsion than that of the arm 12.
- This arc 13 bears, at a first end 13A on a first edge 2H, and at a second end 13B under a second 2G edge of this 2F window.
- the pivoting imposed on the orientable mass 13 forces it to take a particular twisting which makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing of the mobile 1.
- the arm 12 is rigid, and the bow 13 deformable. In another variant, they can both be deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.
- the adjustment components are installed in symmetry two by two with respect to the axis D of the mobile 1.
- symmetrical adjustments of the components of such a pair do not alter the static balancing of the mobile.
- each adjustment component is movable independently of the others.
- the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located on the axis of rotation of this component, and / or this component is in translation along an axis. If the center of inertia moves along the axis for example during a screwing, and if the projection on the median plane P of the center of inertia of the component also moves, then one must carry out the symmetrical displacement of the object opposite. Otherwise, each adjustment component is movable independently.
- the figure 9 illustrates this configuration, with a mobile 1 having adjusting screws 16 mounted in housings 17 in the flange 2, preferably mounted in the median plane P of the flange 2 in radial directions R with respect to the axis D of mobile.
- These adjusting screws 12 comprise heads which are not of revolution, but which are symmetrical with respect to the screw axis R, and whose angular position of the wings 16A and 16B makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing.
- the screw head takes the form of a bar.
- the projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle ⁇ comparable to a helix angle.
- the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located outside the axis of rotation of the component. It is then systematically necessary to perform a symmetrical rotation of the opposite component of the pair.
- the mobile 1 comprises asymmetric adjustment screws 18 whose head is asymmetrical with respect to the screw axis, and comprises a wing 18B with a moment of inertia greater than that of the other wing 18A with respect to the radial screwing pin R.
- the screw head takes the form of a bar.
- the projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle ⁇ comparable to a helix angle, and we see in the figure that the components are oriented in pairs symmetrically with respect to their respective radial axis R .
- the invention also relates to a mobile 1 for a scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one flange 2 connected, either directly or by at least one arm, to a mobile shaft 10 aligned on a mobile axis D.
- This flange 2 is preferably substantially perpendicular to the mobile axis D.
- This mobile 1 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this mobile axis D.
- this mobile 1 comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to this axis of mobile D or coincident with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane P.
- this median plane P is located in the thickness of the flange 2.
- this flange 2 comprises a plurality of housings each receiving a movable mass adjustable in position in the housing concerned, or only in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile, or only in a plane perpendicular to a radial R from the mobile axis D.
- each such housing or / and each such corresponding mobile mass includes stop means for allowing the maintenance of this mobile mass in several discrete positions where its center of gravity is distant from this median plane P.
- each such housing or / and each such moving mass comprises resilient return means for holding in position this mobile mass in this housing.
- the invention also relates to a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising at least one such mobile 1, and further comprises at least one drive means, and / or elastic biasing or repulsion means, and / or magnetic return or repulsion means, or / and a means of return or electrostatic repulsion, attached to the at least one mobile.
- the invention also relates to a mechanism 50 for a scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.
- the invention also relates to a scientific instrument 60 comprising such a mechanism 50 or / and such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.
- the invention allows a significant reduction of the forces on the pivots, a facilitated lubrication, and an increase in the lifetime of the mechanisms, and especially the useful life, that is to say the period during which the mechanism provides a reproducible response to an identical bias from a power source, or signal, or other mechanism or sensor, or the like.
- the invention makes it possible to improve the stability of the movement of a mobile thus dynamically balanced.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile ou d'un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre.The invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft.
L'invention concerne encore un mobile pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre, et comportant au moins un flasque relié audit arbre de mobile et saillant radialement par rapport audit arbre, ledit flasque étant sensiblement perpendiculaire audit axe de mobile.The invention also relates to a mobile for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, and comprising less a flange connected to said movable shaft and protruding radially from said shaft, said flange being substantially perpendicular to said axis of moving.
L'invention concerne encore un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile.The invention also relates to a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile.
L'invention concerne encore un mécanisme pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile équipé ou/et un tel mobile.The invention also relates to a mechanism for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
L'invention concerne encore un instrument scientifique comportant un tel mécanisme ou/et un tel mobile équipé ou/et un tel mobile.The invention also relates to a scientific instrument comprising such a mechanism and / or such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
L'invention concerne le domaine de la mécanique de précision, notamment de l'appareillage scientifique mécanique, et en particulier les domaines des compteurs et des appareils de précision comportant des mécanismes de mesure, d'affichage ou de comparaison d'un débit, d'une consommation, ou d'un temps, comportant des composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe.The invention relates to the field of precision mechanics, in particular mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular the fields of meters and precision devices comprising mechanisms for measuring, displaying or comparing a flow rate, consumption, or time, comprising components movable pivotally or oscillating about an axis.
Dans le domaine des appareils de précision mécaniques, la qualité des guidages de certains composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe présente une grande importance, pour la reproductibilité dans le temps des mesures effectuées ou des signaux générés. Tout défaut au niveau des guidages, entre des pivots du mécanisme d'une part et d'autre part des portées, que comporte un arbre du composant, se traduit par une précision médiocre, mais aussi par une usure et une dégradation des performances dans le temps. La qualité géométrique des usinages est une condition nécessaire pour un fonctionnement de précision, mais cette condition n'est souvent pas suffisante. En effet, le comportement aux vibrations, en particulier en présence de balourds, influence directement les pressions exercées au niveau des paliers, et donc les contraintes de lubrification, et les contraintes de maintenance en particulier en cas de remplacement ou de réusinage des paliers ou/et pivots pour rétablir la qualité des guidages après usure.In the field of mechanical precision devices, the quality of the guides of certain components moving in rotation or oscillation about an axis is of great importance, for the reproducibility over time of the measurements made or the signals generated. Any fault at the level of the guides, between pivots of the mechanism on the one hand and on the other hand of the staves, that includes a component tree, results in poor accuracy, but also wear and degradation of performance over time. The geometric quality of the machining is a necessary condition for precision operation, but this condition is often not sufficient. Indeed, the vibration behavior, in particular in the presence of unbalance, directly influences the pressures exerted on the bearings, and therefore the lubrication constraints, and the maintenance constraints especially in case of replacement or rebuilding bearings or / and pivots to restore the quality of the guides after wear.
Un équilibrage statique des composants, ramenant leur centre de masse sur l'axe de pivotement ou d'oscillation, améliore la situation et permet de retarder l'usure. Toutefois les effets induits par les défauts d'inertie induisent des perturbations notables sur le fonctionnement du mécanisme, et sur la tenue en service dans le temps.Static balancing of the components, bringing their center of mass back to the pivot or oscillation axis, improves the situation and makes it possible to delay wear. However, the effects induced by the inertia defects induce significant disturbances on the operation of the mechanism, and the service life in time.
L'invention se propose de fournir une solution pour assurer une diminution des frottements dans les guidages des composants tournants de tels mécanismes de précision, et pour améliorer la précision de fonctionnement de ces mécanismes. Elle s'attache également à permettre une augmentation des vitesses de rotation ou/et des fréquences d'oscillation des composants concernés.The invention proposes to provide a solution to ensure a reduction of friction in the guides of the rotating components of such precision mechanisms, and to improve the accuracy of operation of these mechanisms. It also seeks to allow an increase in rotation speeds and / or oscillation frequencies of the components concerned.
La recherche d'une meilleure précision amène à rechercher un meilleur réglage du mobile, en particulier par l'exécution d'un équilibrage dynamique de qualité.The search for a better precision leads to seek a better setting of the mobile, in particular by the execution of a dynamic balancing of quality.
Aussi l'invention se propose d'équilibrer dynamiquement le mobile, c'est-à-dire de ramener son axe principal d'inertie sur l'axe de rotation.Also the invention proposes to balance the mobile dynamically, that is to say, to bring its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile ou d'un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre, caractérisé en ce que :
- on effectue un équilibrage statique dudit mobile pour amener son centre de gravité sur ledit axe de mobile;
- on détermine une valeur cible de moment de balourd résultant dudit mobile autour dudit axe de mobile, correspondant à une divergence cible prédéterminée entre un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal dudit mobile, et ledit axe du mobile;
- on met en rotation à vitesse prédéterminée ledit mobile autour dudit axe de mobile, on mesure son moment de balourd résultant par rapport audit axe de mobile ;
- on effectue un ajustement de la valeur du moment de balourd résultant dudit mobile autour dudit axe de mobile dans une tolérance déterminée donnée par rapport à ladite valeur cible.
- static balancing said mobile to bring its center of gravity on said axis of mobile;
- determining a target unbalance moment value resulting from said mobile about said mobile axis, corresponding to a predetermined target divergence between a first main axis of longitudinal inertia of said mobile, and said axis of the mobile;
- said mobile is rotated at a predetermined speed about said mobile axis, and its resulting unbalance moment is measured with respect to said mobile axis;
- an adjustment of the value of the unbalance moment resulting from said mobile about said mobile axis in a given given tolerance with respect to said target value.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on effectue ledit ajustement par ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière dissymétrique par rapport à un plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie dudit mobile ou mobile équipé.According to another characteristic of the invention, said adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of said mobile or equipped mobile.
L'invention concerne encore un mobile pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre, et comportant au moins un flasque relié audit arbre de mobile et saillant radialement par rapport audit arbre, ledit flasque étant sensiblement perpendiculaire audit axe de mobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, de fabrication, un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal voisin dudit axe de mobile ou confondu avec lui, et deux autres axes principaux d'inertie définissant ensemble un plan médian, et en ce que ledit flasque comporte une pluralité de logements recevant chacun une masse mobile réglable en position dans ledit logement concerné, ou bien uniquement selon une direction parallèle audit axe de mobile, ou bien uniquement dans un plan perpendiculaire à une radiale issue dudit axe de mobile.The invention also relates to a mobile for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, and comprising less a flange connected to said movable shaft and protruding radially from said shaft, said flange being substantially perpendicular to said axis of moving, characterized in that it comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to said axis of mobile or confused with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane, and in that said flange comprises a plurality of housings each receiving a movable mass adjustable in position in said housing concerned, or only in a parallel direction said axis of mobile, or only in a plane perpendicular to a radial end of said mobile axis.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit plan médian est situé dans l'épaisseur dudit flasque.According to a feature of the invention, said median plane is located in the thickness of said flange.
L'invention concerne encore un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte encore un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique.The invention also relates to a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile, characterized in that it further comprises a drive means, or / and a means of recall or elastic repulsion, and / or a means of return or magnetic repulsion, or / and a means of return or repulsion electrostatic.
L'invention concerne encore un mécanisme pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile équipé ou/et un tel mobile.The invention also relates to a mechanism for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
L'invention concerne encore un instrument scientifique comportant un tel mécanisme ou/et un tel mobile équipé ou/et un tel mobile.The invention also relates to a scientific instrument comprising such a mechanism and / or such a mobile equipped and / or such a mobile.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :
- la
figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe longitudinale, un exemple de mobile équipé selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée et en section selon un plan passant par l'axe du mobile, différentesvariantes 2A à 2F d'usinage réalisables pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'équilibrage statique et dynamique selon l'invention ; - les
figures 3 à 11 représentent, de façon schématisée et partielle, d'autres variantes de mobile selon l'invention : - la
figure 3A en perspective avec des masselottes sécables ou/et pliables réparties de part et d'autre d'un plan médian d'un flasque du mobile, tel que visible sur lafigure 3B en coupe selon un plan passant par l'axe de mobile; - la
figure 4A , en vue de dessus, et lafigure 4B , en coupe, avec des masses mobiles sur ou sous des rails incorporés dans des fenêtres d'un flasque du mobile, - la
figure 5 , en coupe, avec une lame déformable avec une composante selon la direction axiale du mobile, la déformation de chaque lame étant imprimée par une vis de réglage ; - la
figure 6 avec une masse orientable angulairement par rapport à une fenêtre que comporte un flasque du mobile, et comportant un arc en appui sur un premier bord et sous un second bord de cette fenêtre; - la
figure 7 avec des vis de réglage dans un flasque du mobile, montées parallèles à la direction axiale du mobile; - la
figure 8 avec des vis analogues à celles de lafigure 7 , disposées en alternance sur et sous un flasque du mobile ; - la
figure 9 avec des vis de réglage dans l'épaisseur d'un flasque du mobile, montées dans le plan médian de ce flasque selon des directions radiales par rapport à l'axe de mobile, ces vis comportant des têtes qui ne sont pas de révolution, mais qui sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe de vissage ; - la
figure 10 similaire à lafigure 9 , mais avec des vis dont la tête est asymétrique par rapport à l'axe de vissage ; - la
figure 11 avec un flasque comportant une partie périphérique raccordée à une âme axiale par des attaches, cette partie périphérique étant fendue et déformable au niveau des différents tronçons qu'elle comporte, chacun porté par une de ces attaches ; - la
figure 12 représente, de façon schématisée et en section selon un plan passant par l'axe du mobile, une masse lisse réglable en position axiale dans un logement, lafigure 13 analogue représente une masse cannelée, et lafigure 14 analogue représente une masse prisonnière par rapport à un flasque du mobile. - la
figure 15 représente, de façon schématisée et sous forme de schémabloc, un instrument scientifique comportant un mécanisme avec un mobile équipé selon l'invention ; - les
figures 16A et 16B représentent, en vue de bout et de côté, une préréalisation de mobile avec un moment de balourd résultant imposé ou forcé.
- the
figure 1 represents, schematically and in longitudinal section, an example of a mobile equipped according to the invention; - the
figure 2 represents, schematically and in section along a plane passing through the axis of the mobile,different machining variants 2A to 2F feasible for the implementation of the static and dynamic balancing method according to the invention; - the
Figures 3 to 11 represent, schematically and partially, other mobile variants according to the invention: - the
figure 3A in perspective with breakable or / and foldable weights distributed on either side of a median plane of a flange of the mobile, as visible on thefigure 3B in section along a plane passing through the axis of mobile; - the
Figure 4A , in top view, and theFigure 4B , in section, with moving masses on or under rails incorporated in windows of a flange of the mobile, - the
figure 5 , in section, with a deformable blade with a component in the axial direction of the mobile, the deformation of each blade being printed by a set screw; - the
figure 6 with a mass orientable angularly with respect to a window that comprises a flange of the mobile, and having an arc bearing on a first edge and under a second edge of this window; - the
figure 7 with adjusting screws in a flange of the mobile, mounted parallel to the axial direction of the mobile; - the
figure 8 with screws similar to those of thefigure 7 , arranged alternately on and under a flange of the mobile; - the
figure 9 with adjusting screws in the thickness of a flange of the mobile, mounted in the median plane of this flange in radial directions relative to the axis of mobile, these screws having heads which are not of revolution, but which are symmetrical with respect to the screw axis; - the
figure 10 similar to thefigure 9 but with screws whose head is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of screwing; - the
figure 11 with a flange having a peripheral portion connected to an axial core by fasteners, this peripheral portion being slotted and deformable at the different portions thereof, each carried by one of these fasteners; - the
figure 12 represents, schematically and in section along a plane passing through the axis of the mobile, a smooth mass adjustable in axial position in a housing, thefigure 13 analogue represents a fluted mass, and thefigure 14 analog represents a prisoner mass relative to a flange of the mobile. - the
figure 15 represents, schematically and schemabloc, a scientific instrument comprising a mechanism with a mobile equipped according to the invention; - the
Figures 16A and 16B represent, in end and side view, a preréalisation of mobile with a moment of impending imbalance imposed or forced.
L'invention concerne le domaine de l'appareillage scientifique mécanique, et en particulier les domaines des compteurs et des appareils de précision comportant des mécanismes de mesure ou de comparaison du temps, comportant des composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe.The invention relates to the field of mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular to the fields of meters and precision devices comprising measurement or time comparison mechanisms, comprising components that are pivotally or oscillating about an axis .
Plus particulièrement l'invention s'intéresse à l'équilibrage optimal d'un mobile 1 ou d'un mobile équipé 40.More particularly, the invention is concerned with the optimal balancing of a mobile 1 or a mobile equipped 40.
Par « mobile » on entend, dans la suite de l'exposé, tout composant arbré mobile en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe dit de mobile D, correspondant à l'axe de la partie arbrée. Ce mobile peut le cas échéant, mais non obligatoirement, comporter des dentures, pignons, autres moyens d'entraînement tels que gorges ou portées, ainsi que des éléments d'attache ou de coopération avec un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, ou similaire. On appelle ici « mobile équipé » 40 un sous-ensemble ou un ensemble mécanique comportant au moins un tel mobile 1, et tout ou partie d'un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, ou similaire. La
On appelle « flasque » une partie saillante sensiblement radialement, de préférence de révolution autour de l'axe du mobile, et de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'arbre. Un même mobile peut naturellement comporter plusieurs tels flasques, dont certains peuvent avoir des fonctions particulières, tels des roues dentées, poulies, ou similaires.The term "flange" a projecting portion substantially radially, preferably of revolution about the axis of the mobile, and of diameter greater than that of the shaft. The same mobile can naturally include several such flanges, some of which may have particular functions, such as gears, pulleys, or the like.
L'invention se propose d'équilibrer dynamiquement le mobile 1, ou bien le mobile équipé 40.c'est-à-dire de ramener son axe principal d'inertie sur l'axe de rotation. Les différents modes de réalisation, non limitatifs, et les figures illustrent l'application de l'invention à un mobile 1 nu, et sont naturellement applicables à un mobile équipé 40.The invention proposes to dynamically balance the mobile 1, or the mobile equipped 40. that is to say, to reduce its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation. The various embodiments, non-limiting, and the figures illustrate the application of the invention to a mobile 1 naked, and are naturally applicable to a mobile equipped 40.
Outre cette recherche d'un équilibrage parfait, il est aussi possible de créer un déséquilibre contrôlé, c'est-à-dire d'incliner l'axe principal d'inertie du mobile d'un certain angle dans une certaine direction, par rapport :
- à l'axe du mobile ;
- à un plan passant par cet axe de mobile et matérialisé par un repère fonctionnel, notamment de façon préférée un repère angulaire du mobile.
- to the axis of the mobile;
- to a plane passing through this axis of mobile and materialized by a functional reference, particularly preferably an angular reference of the mobile.
Pour cela, deux étapes sont nécessaires:
- mesurer le déséquilibre dynamique
- corriger ce déséquilibre, soit pour l'annuler, soit pour l'amener à une valeur bien définie.
- measure the dynamic imbalance
- correct this imbalance, either to cancel it or to bring it to a well-defined value.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile 1 ou d'un mobile équipé 40 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps. Ce mobile 1 comporte au moins un arbre 10 agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile D constitué par l'axe de cet arbre 10, et de préférence au moins un flasque 2 d'encombrement diamétral à celui de l'arbre 10. Dans le cas où le mobile est réduit à l'arbre 10 seul, il reste possible de procéder à un équilibrage dynamique en utilisant certaines variantes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, applicables à un tel arbre ; seules les variantes, exposées ci-après, qui nécessitent des composants prenant appui de part et d'autre d'un voile d'épaisseur faible, et qui sont délicates à mettre en oeuvre sur une pièce arbrée sensiblement cylindrique, seront plutôt réservées à des mobiles comportant un flasque sensiblement plat et sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de mobile.To this end, the invention relates to a method of improving the pivoting of a mobile 1 or a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece. This mobile 1 comprises at least one
Ce mobile 1 ou mobile équipé 40 est agencé pour osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur cet axe de mobile D.This mobile 1 or mobile equipped 40 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this axis of mobile D.
Selon l'invention :
- on effectue un équilibrage statique de ce mobile ou mobile équipé pour amener son centre de gravité sur l'axe de mobile D;
- on détermine une valeur cible de moment de balourd résultant, qualifiant son déséquilibrage dynamique, du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile, correspondant à une divergence cible, notamment dans certaines applications une divergence cible, prédéterminée entre un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile, et l'axe du mobile D;
- on met en rotation à vitesse prédéterminée ce mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile D, et on mesure son moment de balourd résultant par rapport à l'axe de mobile D, avec au moins une mesure;
- on effectue un ajustement de la valeur du moment de balourd résultant du mobile autour de l'axe de mobile dans une tolérance déterminée donnée par rapport à la valeur cible. L'effet de cet ajustement est de rapprocher le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal d'une part, de l'axe de mobile d'autre part, en-dessous de la divergence cible prédéterminée.
- a static balancing of this mobile or mobile equipped to bring its center of gravity on the mobile axis D;
- determining a target value of moment of unbalance resulting, qualifying its dynamic unbalance, the mobile or mobile equipped around the axis of mobile, corresponding to a target divergence, in particular in certain applications a target divergence, predetermined between a first main axis d longitudinal inertia of the mobile, and the axis of the mobile D;
- this mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis D is rotated at a predetermined speed, and its moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile axis D is measured with at least one measurement;
- an adjustment of the value of the unbalance moment resulting from the mobile about the mobile axis is made in a given determined tolerance with respect to the target value. The effect of this adjustment is to bring the first main axis of longitudinal inertia on the one hand, of the mobile axis on the other hand, below the predetermined target divergence.
Dans une application particulière, la fourchette de tolérance prédéterminée comporte une borne supérieure correspondant à la valeur cible. Dans d'autres applications, la fourchette de tolérance est autour de cette valeur cible.In a particular application, the predetermined tolerance range comprises an upper bound corresponding to the target value. In other applications, the tolerance range is around this target value.
De préférence on détermine ladite valeur cible de moment de balourd résultant sous la forme d'une valeur maximale admissible de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile, cette valeur maximale correspondant à une divergence angulaire maximale prédéterminée entre un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile ou mobile équipé d'une part, et l'axe du mobile d'autre part. L'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique du mobile ou mobile équipé a alors pour effet de rapprocher le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal de l'axe de mobile, en-dessous de la divergence angulaire maximale prédéterminée.Preferably, said target unbalance moment target value is determined in the form of a maximum allowable unbalance moment value resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis, this maximum value corresponding to a predetermined maximum angular divergence between a first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped on the one hand, and the axis of the mobile on the other hand. The adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment of the mobile or equipped mobile then has the effect of bringing the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile axis, below the predetermined maximum angular divergence.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue cet ajustement par ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière dissymétrique par rapport à un plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé.In a particular embodiment of the invention, this adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile .
Dans une réalisation particulière, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau d'au moins un flasque que comporte le mobile, saillant radialement par rapport à son arbre.In a particular embodiment, an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of at least one flange that includes the mobile, protruding radially relative to its shaft.
Dans une réalisation particulière, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau de l'arbre du mobile.In a particular embodiment, an addition is made and / or displacement or / and removal of material at the shaft of the mobile.
Dans une réalisation particulière, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau d'au moins un bras que comporte ledit mobile entre ledit arbre et une autre partie excentrée dudit mobile.In a particular embodiment, an addition is made and / or displacement or / and removal of material at least one arm that includes said mobile between said shaft and another eccentric portion of said mobile.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue l'équilibrage statique avant d'effectuer l'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the static balancing is performed before adjusting the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
Dans un autre mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue cet équilibrage statique simultanément avec l'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique.In another particular embodiment of the invention, this static balancing is performed simultaneously with the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on fixe à la valeur zéro cette valeur maximale admissible de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile , de façon à faire coïncider le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile ou mobile équipé avec l'axe du mobile .In a particular embodiment of the invention, the maximum value of the unbalance moment resulting from the moving part is set to zero. mobile equipped around the axis of mobile, so as to coincide the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped with the axis of the mobile.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention pour un mobile oscillant, on fixe cette vitesse prédéterminée de rotation à la vitesse angulaire maximale calculée pour le mobile ou mobile équipé, considéré lors de son oscillation en service.In a particular embodiment of the invention for an oscillating mobile, this predetermined speed of rotation is fixed at the maximum angular velocity calculated for the mobile or equipped mobile, considered during its oscillation in service.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on usine, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, au niveau d'un flasque 2, quand le mobile en comporte un, des logements cylindriques ou cannelés agencés pour recevoir des masses cylindriques ou cannelées mobiles selon une direction axiale parallèle à l'axe de mobile. Et on effectue alors tout ou partie de l'ajustement par déplacement de telles masses mobiles insérées dans certains de ces logements, par rapport au plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé. A défaut de flasque, on effectue l'usinage de tels logements sur l'arbre 10 du mobile.In a particular mode of implementation of the invention, prior to this static balancing and dynamic balancing, at the level of a
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, on rend ces masses mobiles prisonnières et indémontables par rapport au flasque, soit lors d'une exécution monobloc du mobile ou mobile équipé ensemble avec ces masses mobiles, soit par expansion d'au moins une extrémité de chaque masse mobile pour empêcher le passage de la zone expansée au travers du logement correspondant à cette masse mobile.In a particular embodiment of the invention, prior to this static balancing and dynamic balancing, these mobile masses are made captive and unmountable with respect to the flange, either during a one-piece execution of the mobile or mobile equipped together. with these moving masses, or by expansion of at least one end of each movable mass to prevent the passage of the expanded zone through the housing corresponding to this mobile mass.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue tout ou partie de l'ajustement par déformation d'un flasque 2, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, de manière dissymétrique par rapport au plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé.In a particular embodiment of the invention, all or part of the adjustment by deformation of a
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on usine, préalablement à l'équilibrage statique et à l'équilibrage dynamique, un flasque 2, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, de logements taraudés radiaux agencés pour recevoir des vis à tête asymétrique mobiles selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de mobil , et on effectue tout ou partie dudit ajustement par déplacement de telles vis vissées dans certains de ces logements taraudés. A défaut de flasque, on effectue l'usinage de tels logements taraudés sur l'arbre 10 du mobile.In a particular embodiment of the invention, prior to static balancing and dynamic balancing, a
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, lorsqu'on effectue une mesure de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé par rapport à l'axe de mobile, on repère le déséquilibre en position angulaire par rapport à un repère angulaire que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, tel qu'un pion, une encoche, un perçage, un composant rapporté, un marquage, ou similaire.In a particular embodiment of the invention, when a measure of moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped with respect to the axis of mobile, one identifies the imbalance in angular position with respect to a reference angular that includes the mobile or mobile equipped, such as a pin, a notch, a drilling, a reported component, a marking, or the like.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on usine, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, un flasque, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, avec un mal-plat d'une valeur prédéterminée. Notamment, dans une exécution particulière, on crée volontairement un balourd ou/et un moment de balourd résultant dans une direction angulaire particulière, et de façon décalée par rapport au plan médian P. Les
Pour effectuer la correction du déséquilibre, on peut avantageusement utiliser les méthodes suivantes, non limitatives, combinables entre elles, et applicables au niveau d'un flasque 2 ou de l'arbre 10 du mobile, ou encore de bras de liaison entre l'arbre et une masse périphérique, ou encore au niveau de telles masses périphériques:
- enlèvement de matière: usinage par fraisage ou tournage ou abrasion ou similaire, ablation laser ou microlaser ou nanolaser ou picolaser ou femtolaser, casse d'éléments sécables maintenus par des attaches fragiles ;
- ajout de matière: projection de liquide pour sa solidification solide sur le mobile, notamment par jet d'encre ou similaire, objets solides rapportés en position fixe;
- déplacement de matière: objets rapportés avec position réglable, déplacement d'au moins une portion de flasque par torsion du flasque ou d'une partie du mobile, ou encore d'un bras, déplacement d'une lame flexible, déplacement de vis ou d'inserts lisses ou cannelé ou facettisés, ces vis ou inserts pouvant avantageusement être asymétriques par rapport à leur direction d'insertion ou de vissage.
- removal of material: machining by milling or turning or abrasion or the like, laser ablation or microlaser or nanolaser or picolaser or femtolaser, breakage of breakable elements held by fragile fasteners;
- addition of material: projection of liquid for solid solidification on the mobile, in particular by inkjet or the like, solid objects reported in a fixed position;
- movement of material: objects with adjustable position, displacement of at least one flange portion by twisting the flange or part of the mobile, or an arm, moving a flexible blade, moving screws or inserts smooth or fluted or faceted, these screws or inserts can advantageously be asymmetrical with respect to their direction of insertion or screwing.
Les figures représentent, de façon non limitative, des ajustements effectués sur un flasque de mobile, puisqu'il est plus facile de faire une correction d'inertie à proximité du plus grand diamètre du mobile, ce qui permet de n'effectuer que des corrections de masse minimes. Pour simplifier la représentation, seul ce flasque est illustré, sans représentation complète de l'arbre de mobile. Naturellement, les dispositions décrites sont aussi applicables à d'autres formes de mobiles, et les usinages ou composants de réglage peuvent être positionnés sur d'autres parties du mobile, en fonction de leur accessibilitéThe figures show, in a nonlimiting manner, adjustments made on a flange of mobile, since it is easier to make an inertia correction near the largest diameter of the mobile, allowing to make only corrections minimal mass. To simplify the representation, only this flange is illustrated, without complete representation of the mobile tree. Naturally, the arrangements described are also applicable to other forms of mobile, and machining or adjustment components can be positioned on other parts of the mobile, depending on their accessibility.
En ce qui concerne plus particulièrement l'enlèvement de matière, les
De façon avantageuse, quand, de préférence, l'axe principal d'inertie théorique est constitué par l'axe D du mobile , et le plan médian P est calculé pour comporter les deux axes secondaires d'inertie, les usinages sont réalisés de part et d'autre de ce plan P. Les figures, non limitatives, illustrent différentes possibilités: de part et d'autre du plan médian (
Naturellement, les possibilités de répartition sont similaires en ce qui concerne l'ajout ou le déplacement de matière.Naturally, the distribution possibilities are similar as regards the addition or the displacement of matter.
Les
La
Les
La
La
Un composant rapporté est avantageusement monté mobile sur la structure du mobile. A cet effet, le mobile 1 comporte, mobile en glissement, une partie chassée, ou clipée, ou montée avec jeu, soit en rotation, soit axialement. L'aménagement d'au moins une surface de guidage par crantage ou similaire permet au composant rapporté de prendre des positions discrètes.An attached component is advantageously mounted movably on the structure of the mobile. For this purpose, the mobile 1 comprises, slidably movable, a portion driven, or clipped, or mounted with clearance, either in rotation or axially. Providing at least one nip guide surface or the like allows the reported component to take discrete positions.
La mobilité du composant rapporté peut encore être effectuée par vissage/dévissage.The mobility of the reported component can still be performed by screwing / unscrewing.
Un composant de réglage peut ainsi être monté avec jeu, et serré par une vis, par exemple coulissant. Ainsi, les
Le composant de réglage peut aussi être clipé sur un bras 3 ou sur le flasque 2 du mobile 1. Par exemple il peut consister en un objet flexible clipé sur partie rigide, par exemple une masselotte sur un axe, ou encore en un objet rigide clipé dans une partie flexible, par exemple un axe dans une fente.The adjustment component may also be clipped on an arm 3 or on the
Un composant de réglage peut aussi être un composant additionnel simplement collé, soudé, ou encore rivé, à la structure du mobile.An adjusting component may also be an additional component simply bonded, welded, or riveted to the structure of the mobile.
Dans une variante de réalisation, on fait fléchir un objet rapporté flexible.In an alternative embodiment, it bends a flexible insert.
La
Si l'exemple de la figure illustre une déformation de la lame flexible par une vis, la déformation commandée par le mécanisme d'un écrou, ou d'un autre composant mobile ou déformable, est naturellement concevable.If the example of the figure illustrates a deformation of the flexible blade by a screw, the deformation controlled by the mechanism of a nut, or another mobile or deformable component, is naturally conceivable.
Une deuxième variante de ce réglage par flexion met en oeuvre un déplacement de la fixation de la partie flexible, éventuellement pourvue de crans, et avec un appui de la partie flexible contre une came ou une zone fixe.A second variant of this adjustment by bending implements a displacement of the attachment of the flexible part, possibly provided with notches, and with a support of the flexible part against a cam or a fixed zone.
Ainsi la
Pour éviter d'introduire un balourd, il est possible d'utiliser des composants rapportés avec position fixe en projection dans le plan médian P, et mobiles selon une direction axiale A parallèle à l'axe D du mobile 1. C'est le cas notamment des réalisations des
Dans un agencement particulier, les composants de réglage sont installés en symétrie deux à deux par rapport à l'axe D du mobile 1. Ainsi, des réglages symétriques des composants d'une telle paire n'altèrent pas l'équilibrage statique du mobile.In a particular arrangement, the adjustment components are installed in symmetry two by two with respect to the axis D of the mobile 1. Thus, symmetrical adjustments of the components of such a pair do not alter the static balancing of the mobile.
Si nécessaire, chaque composant de réglage est déplaçable indépendamment des autres.If necessary, each adjustment component is movable independently of the others.
Les
Dans un premier cas, le centre d'inertie du composant de réglage est situé sur l'axe de rotation de ce composant, et/ou ce composant est en translation selon un axe. Si le centre d'inertie se déplace le long de l'axe par exemple lors d'un vissage, et si la projection sur le plan médian P du centre d'inertie du composant se déplace également, alors on doit effectuer le déplacement symétrique de l'objet d'en face. Sinon, chaque composant de réglage est déplaçable indépendamment.In a first case, the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located on the axis of rotation of this component, and / or this component is in translation along an axis. If the center of inertia moves along the axis for example during a screwing, and if the projection on the median plane P of the center of inertia of the component also moves, then one must carry out the symmetrical displacement of the object opposite. Otherwise, each adjustment component is movable independently.
La
Dans un deuxième cas, le centre d'inertie du composant de réglages est situé hors de l'axe de rotation du composant. Il est alors systématiquement nécessaire d'effectuer une rotation symétrique du composant opposé de la paire.In a second case, the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located outside the axis of rotation of the component. It is then systematically necessary to perform a symmetrical rotation of the opposite component of the pair.
C'est le cas de la
L'invention concerne encore un mobile 1 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un flasque 2 relié, soit directement, soit par au moins un bras, à un arbre 10 de mobile aligné sur un axe de mobile D. Ce flasque 2 est préférentiellement sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de mobile D. Ce mobile 1 est agencé pour osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur cet axe de mobile D.The invention also relates to a mobile 1 for a scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one
Selon l'invention, ce mobile 1 comporte, de fabrication, un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal voisin de cet axe de mobile D ou confondu avec lui, et deux autres axes principaux d'inertie définissant ensemble un plan médian P. Dans une réalisation particulière, ce plan médian P est situé dans l'épaisseur du flasque 2.According to the invention, this mobile 1 comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to this axis of mobile D or coincident with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane P. In a particular embodiment, this median plane P is located in the thickness of the
Et ce flasque 2 comporte une pluralité de logements recevant chacun une masse mobile réglable en position dans le logement concerné, ou bien uniquement selon une direction A parallèle à l'axe de mobile, ou bien uniquement dans un plan perpendiculaire à une radiale R issue de l'axe de mobile D.And this
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, chaque tel logement ou/et chaque telle masse mobile correspondante comporte des moyens d'arrêt pour autoriser le maintien de cette masse mobile dans plusieurs positions discrètes où son centre de gravité est distant de ce plan médian P.In a particular mode of implementation of the invention, each such housing or / and each such corresponding mobile mass includes stop means for allowing the maintenance of this mobile mass in several discrete positions where its center of gravity is distant from this median plane P.
Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, chaque tel logement ou/et chaque telle masse mobile comporte des moyens de rappel élastique pour le maintien en position de cette masse mobile dans ce logement.In a particular embodiment of the invention, each such housing or / and each such moving mass comprises resilient return means for holding in position this mobile mass in this housing.
L'invention concerne encore un mobile équipé 40 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant au moins un tel mobile 1, et comporte encore au moins un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, attaché à cet au moins un mobile.The invention also relates to a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising at least one such mobile 1, and further comprises at least one drive means, and / or elastic biasing or repulsion means, and / or magnetic return or repulsion means, or / and a means of return or electrostatic repulsion, attached to the at least one mobile.
L'invention concerne encore un mécanisme 50 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile équipé 40 ou/et un tel mobile 1.The invention also relates to a
L'invention concerne encore un instrument scientifique 60 comportant un tel mécanisme 50 ou/et un tel mobile équipé 40 ou/et un tel mobile 1.The invention also relates to a
L'invention permet une réduction sensible des efforts sur les pivots, une lubrification facilitée, et une augmentation de la durée de vie des mécanismes, et tout particulièrement de la durée de vie utile, c'est-à-dire la période pendant laquelle le mécanisme fournit une réponse reproductible à une sollicitation identique en provenance d'une source d'énergie, ou d'un signal, ou d'un autre mécanisme ou capteur, ou similaire. L'invention permet d'améliorer la stabilité de la marche d'un mobile ainsi équilibré dynamiquement.The invention allows a significant reduction of the forces on the pivots, a facilitated lubrication, and an increase in the lifetime of the mechanisms, and especially the useful life, that is to say the period during which the mechanism provides a reproducible response to an identical bias from a power source, or signal, or other mechanism or sensor, or the like. The invention makes it possible to improve the stability of the movement of a mobile thus dynamically balanced.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11195125.7A EP2607970B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
EP12791819.1A EP2795409B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
US14/366,913 US9645551B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method of improving the pivoting of a wheel set |
RU2014130091/28A RU2573701C1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Perfected revolution of set of wheels |
RU2014130095/12A RU2573811C1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Perfected revolution of set of wheels |
JP2014547822A JP5820542B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | How to improve wheelset turning |
PCT/EP2012/074144 WO2013092173A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body |
JP2014547823A JP5820543B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | How to improve wheelset turning |
CN201280063595.4A CN104011609B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | The method for improving the pivot of wheel set |
EP12791818.3A EP2795408B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
CN201280063718.4A CN104169814B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | The method for improving the pivot of wheel set |
EP17192127.3A EP3376306A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Mobile for time-keeping or scientific instrument |
PCT/EP2012/074143 WO2013092172A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body |
US14/367,768 US9310774B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-11-30 | Method of improving the pivoting of a wheel set |
HK15104981.6A HK1204497A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-05-26 | Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP11195125.7A EP2607970B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
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EP2607970A1 true EP2607970A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
EP2607970B1 EP2607970B1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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EP11195125.7A Active EP2607970B1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
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Cited By (1)
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CN105974776A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-09-28 | 上海靖和实业有限公司 | Double exposed pendulum movement swing stopping device |
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US2239668A (en) * | 1938-07-29 | 1941-04-29 | Firm Manufacture Des Montres R | Balance wheel for watch movements |
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EP2607970B1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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