EP2596142A2 - Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée

Info

Publication number
EP2596142A2
EP2596142A2 EP11733890.5A EP11733890A EP2596142A2 EP 2596142 A2 EP2596142 A2 EP 2596142A2 EP 11733890 A EP11733890 A EP 11733890A EP 2596142 A2 EP2596142 A2 EP 2596142A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cast component
temperature
heat transfer
annealing
cast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11733890.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2596142B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Wüst
Dirk E. O. Westerheide
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna BDW Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Magna BDW Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna BDW Technologies GmbH filed Critical Magna BDW Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP2596142A2 publication Critical patent/EP2596142A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2596142B1 publication Critical patent/EP2596142B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/607—Molten salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heat treating a cast component according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Such methods of heat treating cast components are well known in the art.
  • an intermetallic phase separates out in a matrix of aluminum-rich mixed crystals.
  • the AlMgSi system is, for example, an Mg 2 Si phase which is stored in an ⁇ mixed crystal matrix. This intermetallic phase adversely affects the hardness of the cast component.
  • a so-called solution annealing is performed, in which the cast component is heated to a temperature above the saturation line but below the eutectic temperature and held for a predetermined time.
  • the precipitated intermetallic phase dissolves in the aluminum-rich mixed crystal.
  • the component is usually quenched immediately after the annealing treatment. After quenching can still be outsourced.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an improved method for heat treating cast components. This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1.
  • the cast member is annealed at a predetermined annealing temperature for a predetermined annealing period in a first heat transfer medium and then transferred to a water bath.
  • the cast component is transferred between the annealing and the transfer into the water bath into a second heat transfer medium with a predetermined intermediate cooling temperature and held there for a predetermined intermediate cooling period.
  • the temperature control and the associated structural change of the cast component during its cooling are made particularly controllable.
  • the precursor of the magnesium silicide (Mg 2 Si) it is possible, for example, in magnesium-containing aluminum alloys, the precursor of the magnesium silicide (Mg 2 Si) to control particularly well.
  • the Swiss-ksseltemperatur is 150 ° C to 380 ° C and in particular 240 C to 280 C.
  • the previously dissolved magnesium silicide remains largely in solution and is thus completely available for later Auslagerungs awareness.
  • the period for transferring the cast component from the first and second heat transfer medium is 0 s to 15 s. This can be achieved, for example, by adjacently arranged heat treatment devices, wherein the cast component is transferred, for example, by a robot directly and directly between the two heat transfer media.
  • a temperature of the cast component is maintained above a temperature of 450 ° C. Essentially, the cast component should therefore maintain the annealing temperature, so that there is no premature, uncontrolled structural change.
  • the temperature of the cast component is kept above a temperature of 420.degree. This temperature still has a sufficient distance to the threshold temperature for the precipitation T so that falling below this temperature threshold can be avoided with a suitable system design, without additional heating devices in the transfer region of the cast component between the two heat transfer media are necessary.
  • Such intermediate heating can be provided with correspondingly long transfer operations, which can be realized for example with heat radiators in the transfer area between the two heat transfer media.
  • the described method can also be combined with additional treatment steps.
  • a method thus combines the annealing, for example a solution annealing step, with a controlled cooling and with an immediately following aging, so that a particularly short cycle time can be achieved with such a method.
  • the residual heat of the cast component is used after removal from the second heat transfer medium for the removal, so that such a method is particularly energy-efficient.
  • the direct coupling of annealing and aging also avoids undesirable microstructural changes that could occur during long-term storage of the cast component at room temperature.
  • the aging temperature during this aging step is 220 ° C to 300 ° C, and more preferably 160 ° C to 280 ° C.
  • the swap period is preferably set to a time between 1 min and 30 min.
  • the annealing step of the process is preferably carried out as a solution annealing step in which precipitated alloying elements dissolve in aluminum-rich mixed crystals of the cast component and the eutectic silicon is formed.
  • an annealing temperature of 460 ° C to 540 ° C and in particular from 485 ° C to 495 ° C is selected.
  • the annealing period is in this case 10 s to 10 min, in particular 1, 5 min to 3 min and more preferably 2 min. It is particularly expedient to transfer the cast component into the first heat transfer medium immediately after removal from the casting heat, ie from the casting heat. By dispensing with heating from room temperature, the aforementioned very fast annealing times can be realized.
  • Movable air can be used as the first and / or second and / or third heat transfer medium, which is particularly simple in terms of apparatus. It is particularly useful, however, to use salt baths for the said heat transfer media. Due to their high heat capacity, salt baths allow a particularly rapid heating or cooling of treated cast components. Since it is possible to dispense with long-term heating or cooling phases, the use of salt baths enables a particularly high cycle rate of production systems which apply such methods.
  • the salt also takes release agents, which are used during casting, from the surface of the cast component, so that can be dispensed with additional cleaning steps. The particularly good surface quality achieved in this way also improves the weldability and the corrosion resistance of the cast components.
  • the component is quenched directly from the second or third heat treatment medium in a water bath, may still not crystallize on the surface of the cast component adhering salt, but adheres at the time of immersion of the cast component in the water still liquid at the Surface.
  • the salt dissolves therefore directly and very easily in the water of the water bath, so that can be dispensed with a subsequent cleaning of the cast component of salt residues or a salt crust.
  • a salt melt containing sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate and / or sodium nitrite is preferably used as the salt for the salt bath.
  • a water bath with a temperature of 40 ° C to 60 ° C is preferably used.
  • a temperature of 40 ° C to 60 ° C is preferably used.
  • slightly higher than the room temperature temperature of the water bath is a particularly good solubility of the salt, which still adheres to the cast component guaranteed.
  • the cleaning of the cast component of salt residues can also be improved by a circulation of the water bath.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the sequence of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; a graphical representation of the temperature profile during the implementation of a method according to the invention; and an alternative schematic representation of the sequence of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the salt bath 14 contains a melt of a mixture of alkali metal nitrates and nitrites at a temperature Ti of about 490 ° C.
  • the cast component 10 is held in the first salt bath 14 for a time ti of about 2 minutes.
  • the treatment of the cast component 10 in the salt bath 14 corresponds to an impact annealing, in which alloying elements dissolve in the aluminum-rich mixed crystal of the cast component 10.
  • the temperature Ti preferably above the saturation line of the metal mixture of the cast component 10 must always be below the eutectic temperature.
  • the molten salt of the salt bath 14 also dissolves on the surface of the cast component 10 bound, used during casting release agent. This cleaning effect improves the surface quality of the cast member 10 and results in improved weldability.
  • the cast component 10 After the impact annealing of the cast component 10 in the salt bath 14, the cast component 10 is transferred into a further salt bath 16.
  • This salt bath also contains a melt of mixed alkali metal nitrates and nitrites whose temperature T 2 is about 180 ° C. It should be noted here that the transfer of the cast component 10 between the salt baths 14 and 16 takes place in a short time period t 2 of at most 15 s in order to avoid over-cooling of the cast component 10.
  • the temperature of the salt bath 16 is below the threshold temperature for the precipitation of the magnesium silicide in aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys, which is about 240 ° C to 250 ° C.
  • the dissolved in the annealing step, ie during the treatment of the cast member 10 in the salt bath 14 portion is frozen by the rapid transfer and holding in the second salt bath 16, so that the usually due to falling with falling temperature solubility of the aluminum-rich mixed crystal onset of precipitation of intermetallic phases, such as Al 2 Cu or Mg 2 Si is suppressed. Due to the good heat capacity of the molten salt, a cooling rate of approximately 60 Ks -1 can be achieved in the salt bath 16.
  • the cast component 10 is finally transferred into a further salt bath 18 and There, it is again cooled or heated to a temperature T 3 of 160 ° C. to 280 ° C. and held for about 10 minutes for a time t 4.
  • the treatment in the third salt bath 18 can replace a swelling.
  • the aging can also be carried out after the intermediate cooling in the salt bath 16.
  • the cast component 10 is then held in the salt bath 16 for a further period of time t 4 .
  • On a third salt bath 18 can be completely dispensed with.
  • the cast component 10 can be transferred directly into a water bath 20 for quenching.
  • the cast member 10 is finally transferred to a water bath 20 at a temperature of about 40 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the transfer between the salt bath 18 and the water bath 20 is preferably done quickly, d. H. in a period of a few seconds to prevent crystallization of the molten salt on the surface of the cast member 10. Since salt residues adhering to the cast component are thus transferred into the water bath 20 in molten form, the salt residues dissolve particularly well, so that additional cleaning of the cast component 10 can be dispensed with.
  • By tempering the water bath to 40 ° C to 60 ° C the dissolution of adhering salt is still promoted. An additional improvement in the solubility of salt residues can be achieved by agitating the water bath 20.
  • the method is not limited to the above-described T6 annealing.
  • a soft annealing may also be carried out, in which the cast component 10 after solution annealing is quenched to a temperature between 280 ° C. and 420 ° C., preferably between 300 ° C. and 380 ° C., and held for 2 minutes to 20 minutes becomes. This is followed by quenching in the water bath 20.
  • a method for heat-treating cast components 10 is provided which is fast and energy-efficient and minimizes delays of the cast components 10 due to the short treatment times.
  • a two-stage treatment of cast components is possible, in which the outsourcing and intermediate cooling are combined in a single step.
  • Solution heat treatment is carried out here for a period of 2 to 4 minutes at 490 ° C-510 ° C, preferably at 500 ° C.
  • a salt bath 14 of the type described is preferably used for this purpose.
  • the cast component 10 is transferred into a further salt bath 16 and there also for 2 - 20 minutes, preferably 2-12 minutes and more preferably 2-6 minutes at a temperature between 180 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably kept between 220 ° C and 300 ° C.
  • Particularly expedient is a temperature of 240 ° C to 280 ° C, in particular temperatures of 240 ° C and 260 ° C.
  • this treatment step is still a quenching of the thus treated cast component 10 in a water bath. In this way, the desired material properties of the cast component 10 can be obtained particularly quickly.
  • Strontium 90-180 ppm by weight As well as optionally with:
  • the remaining portion of the alloy consists of aluminum with individually not more than 0.05 wt .-% and a total of not more than 0.2 wt .-% production-related impurities.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of a further exemplary embodiment of the method, in which, after demoulding from the casting mold 12, first a solution annealing of the cast component 10 in a salt bath 14 takes place.
  • the salt bath 14 contains analogous to the embodiment described in connection with Figure 1, a melt of a mixture of alkali metal nitrates and nitrites at a temperature T of about 510 ° C.
  • the casting member 10 is in the first salt bath 14 for a time ti of about 3 min held.
  • This salt bath 16 also contains a melt of mixed alkali metal nitrates and nitrites. It should be noted here that the transfer of the cast component 10 between the salt baths 14 and 16 preferably takes place in a short time period t 2 of at most 15 s, in order to avoid over-cooling of the cast component 10.
  • the temperature T 2 of the salt bath 16 is here at about 240 ° C to 280 ° C, and in particular at about 260 ° C. Since the cooling rate of the cast member 10 while holding in the second salt bath 16 present below -40 K per s, and In particular, at -55 to -65 K per s, results in the present case, a quenching of the cast component 10.
  • the cast member 10 is preferably for a holding time t3 from 2 s to 30 s, and in particular about 10 s in a salt bath 16 held. Already by the short holding time here the excretion of Mg 2 Si is prevented. Finally, the cast member 10 is again transferred to a water bath 20, preferably at about room temperature.
  • the transfer between the salt bath 16 and the water bath 20 is preferably done quickly, ie in a period of a few seconds to prevent crystallization of the molten salt on the surface of the cast member 10.
  • the water bath 20 thus serves merely to clean and not quench the cast component 10, which has already taken place in the salt bath 16. Since salt residues adhering to the cast component 10 are transferred in melted form into the water bath 20, the salt residues dissolve particularly well, so that additional cleaning of the cast component 10 can be dispensed with.
  • a separate removal takes place in a removal device 22, which preferably comprises a heat treatment furnace.
  • the cast member 10 for example, in moving air at a temperature of 220 ° C to 300 ° C, and in particular at about 260 ° C in a period of 40 min to 60 min, and in particular about 50 min, outsourced.
  • Such aging times result in a high ductility of the cast component 10.
  • the method described here is particularly suitable for the abovementioned alloy, but is not limited to this.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée (10) en un alliage à base d'aluminium, selon lequel la pièce coulée (10) est recuite à une température de recuit (T1) prédéterminée pendant un temps de recuit (t1) prédéterminé dans un premier milieu caloporteur (14), puis transférée dans un bain d'eau (20), la pièce coulée (10) étant transférée entre le recuit et le transfert dans le bain d'eau (20) dans un second milieu caloporteur (16) à une température de refroidissement intermédiaire (T2) prédéterminée et y étant maintenue pendant un temps de refroidissement intermédiaire (t3) prédéterminé.
EP11733890.5A 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée Active EP2596142B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010031612 2010-07-21
DE102010061895A DE102010061895A1 (de) 2010-07-21 2010-11-24 Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln eines Gussbauteils
PCT/EP2011/062471 WO2012022577A2 (fr) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2596142A2 true EP2596142A2 (fr) 2013-05-29
EP2596142B1 EP2596142B1 (fr) 2017-05-31

Family

ID=44628737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11733890.5A Active EP2596142B1 (fr) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce coulée

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9777360B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2596142B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103119190B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010061895A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012022577A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012008245B4 (de) * 2012-04-25 2020-07-02 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Aushärten eines Bauteils
EP3289111B1 (fr) 2015-04-28 2021-06-02 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Système et procédé de traitement thermique de pièces coulées en alliage d'aluminium
EP3332045B1 (fr) * 2015-05-08 2020-03-04 Novelis, Inc. Choc traitement thermique d'articles en alliage d'aluminium
ES2895030T3 (es) 2016-10-17 2022-02-17 Novelis Inc Hoja de metal con propiedades adaptadas
EP3550036B1 (fr) 2018-04-06 2022-01-05 GF Casting Solutions AG Vieillissement direct

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2810958A1 (de) 1977-12-30 1979-07-05 Alusuisse Verfahren zur waermebehandlung von aushaertbaren aluminiumlegierungen
FR2493345A1 (fr) 1980-11-05 1982-05-07 Pechiney Aluminium Methode de trempe interrompue des alliages a base d'aluminium
US4420345A (en) 1981-11-16 1983-12-13 Nippon Light Metal Company Limited Method for manufacture of aluminum alloy casting
EP0992601A1 (fr) * 1998-10-05 2000-04-12 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Méthode de fabrication d'un composant d'alliage d' aluminium par moulage sous pression
US6387195B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-05-14 Brush Wellman, Inc. Rapid quench of large selection precipitation hardenable alloys

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012022577A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9777360B2 (en) 2017-10-03
CN103119190B (zh) 2015-07-15
WO2012022577A2 (fr) 2012-02-23
EP2596142B1 (fr) 2017-05-31
US20130269843A1 (en) 2013-10-17
WO2012022577A3 (fr) 2012-09-13
CN103119190A (zh) 2013-05-22
DE102010061895A1 (de) 2012-01-26

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