EP2574408B1 - Method and device for supplying a coolant media flow - Google Patents

Method and device for supplying a coolant media flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2574408B1
EP2574408B1 EP11183587.2A EP11183587A EP2574408B1 EP 2574408 B1 EP2574408 B1 EP 2574408B1 EP 11183587 A EP11183587 A EP 11183587A EP 2574408 B1 EP2574408 B1 EP 2574408B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
cooling medium
laval nozzle
carrier gas
coolant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11183587.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2574408A1 (en
Inventor
Cerkez Kaya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Priority to ES11183587.2T priority Critical patent/ES2670824T3/en
Priority to EP11183587.2A priority patent/EP2574408B1/en
Priority to DK11183587.2T priority patent/DK2574408T3/en
Priority to PL11183587T priority patent/PL2574408T3/en
Publication of EP2574408A1 publication Critical patent/EP2574408A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2574408B1 publication Critical patent/EP2574408B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0466—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being a non-reacting gas
    • B05D3/048—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being a non-reacting gas for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/08—Flame spraying

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method and a device for discharging a cooling medium flow.
  • This cooling medium flow is used to achieve effective cooling of the components to be coated and the spray materials during thermal coating.
  • Components are often thermally coated to alter the surface properties of the component with respect to corrosion, wear, or temperature resistance. Also, the change of adhesive properties or the static and / or sliding friction is often in the foreground of the coating. Other functional surfaces can also be created in this way.
  • thermal coating two materials are combined with each other, which differ regularly in terms of at least their physical properties. For example, layers of plastics, metals, alloys, carbides, oxides, ceramics and mixtures of these substances are applied by thermal coating.
  • the components to be coated are coated in one or more passes using flame spraying, high speed flame spraying, arc spraying and plasma spraying to apply a spraying material.
  • the coating or the spray material is formed from a material which is melted or fused and applied to the component surface. In this case, the component surface should not be melted regularly.
  • the bonding of the layer to the component surface takes place primarily by mechanical clamping, alternatively or additionally by diffusion.
  • cooling takes place by introducing carbon dioxide into a stream of compressed air or else by atomizing liquid carbon dioxide to form carbon dioxide snow. This cooling medium is then applied to the component surface.
  • a method for cooling with a cryogenic liquid which is brought into contact with a throttling gas or with another cryogenic liquid is described by means of a nozzle.
  • the cooling efficiency essentially depends on how much cooling medium and in which composition this impinges on the component surface and, in particular, how much carbon dioxide snow impinges on the component surface, sublimes on the component surface and how far there is heat exchange between component and carbon dioxide or cooling medium. This is often unsatisfactory and, in particular, when the components move quickly and / or have a rotating thermal mass, as is the case, for example, when coating rolls, disks and balls, it is difficult from the prior art to provide an effective and to achieve sufficient cooling of the component surface.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a method and an apparatus for discharging a cooling medium, in which the known from the prior art disadvantages are at least partially overcome and in particular to provide a method and an apparatus for discharging a cooling medium, in which the cooling medium flow is adjustable with respect to flow velocity and composition.
  • a cooling medium flow is introduced through a cooling medium nozzle into a carrier gas flow, wherein the cooling medium is liquid and / or gaseous.
  • the method is characterized in that the carrier gas stream is passed through a Laval nozzle, wherein the Laval nozzle has a longitudinal axis and the cooling medium flow is input so that the exit of the cooling medium flow takes place in the carrier gas flow inside or downstream of the Laval nozzle.
  • a Laval nozzle is understood to be a nozzle in which the cross-section of the nozzle initially narrows in the flow direction and then widens again until the gas emerges.
  • a carrier gas stream is understood as meaning a stream of a carrier gas.
  • the carrier gas is in gaseous form.
  • a cooling medium flow is understood as meaning a flow of a cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is liquid and / or gaseous. It can change its state of aggregation upon exiting the cooling medium nozzle, so that a liquid cooling medium after leaving the cooling medium nozzle is at least partially gaseous and / or solid.
  • the cooling medium nozzle can be a basically arbitrary nozzle, in particular it can also be the exit of a pipe.
  • the Laval nozzle initially accelerates the carrier gas flow. At the same time takes place when the exit of the cooling medium flow in the carrier gas flow within the Laval nozzle, in the Laval nozzle a mixing of carrier gas flow and cooling medium flow. There is a distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas stream. If the cooling medium nozzle is positioned so that the outlet of the cooling medium flow takes place downstream of the Laval nozzle, the mixing of cooling medium and carrier gas takes place in the carrier gas flow generated by the Laval nozzle. Due to the acceleration experienced by the carrier gas in the Laval nozzle, a basically turbulent or quasi-turbulent flow is generated, into which the cooling medium is introduced. So it comes to a good mixing of cooling medium and carrier gas.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle relative to the Laval nozzle.
  • cooling medium nozzle is designed replaceable.
  • cooling medium nozzles of different flow-through cross-sections can be specified interchangeably for different areas of application.
  • the composition in particular with regard to the distribution of aggregate states of the cooling medium, ie which proportion of the cooling medium in liquid form, which proportion in solid form and which proportion is present as gas, the spatial distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas stream and / or the particle size, in particular the droplet or grain size of the liquid or solid phase, predetermined or adjusted.
  • the cooling medium Especially when carbon dioxide is used as the cooling medium, an adjustment of the size distribution of the carbon dioxide snow on the one hand and the spatial distribution of the carbon dioxide snow particles in the carrier gas flow can be achieved.
  • a predominantly liquid cooling medium such as, for example, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon
  • the droplet size distribution of the nitrogen or argon in the carrier gas stream can be adjusted.
  • the particle size and the distribution of the particles in the carrier gas stream to the nature of the component to be coated, in particular with regard to the reduction of thermal expansion and shrinkage, and the spray materials are adjusted, so as to poor film formation or adhesion due to thermally induced shear stresses to reduce or avoid.
  • the cooling medium is in the liquid state of matter when flowing through the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium nozzle when supplied as the cooling medium carbon dioxide in liquid form, it may after exiting the cooling medium for the at least partial formation of cooling medium in solid state, for example as carbon dioxide snow and the partial evaporation of carbon dioxide.
  • cooling medium in solid state for example as carbon dioxide snow and the partial evaporation of carbon dioxide.
  • the use of carbon dioxide has proved to be advantageous as a cooling medium, since the formation of carbon dioxide snow good distribution of the cooling medium on the component surface and thus effective cooling can be done and used the sublimation cooling for the cooling of the component surface can be.
  • the enthalpy of vaporization can advantageously be used for further cooling of the component surface.
  • Nitrogen and argon are inert gases that can be used to suppress reactions with the component surface during coating and cooling, in particular to suppress oxidation reactions.
  • an identical gas as carrier gas and cooling medium, in which case preferably the gas is used at least partially in another state of aggregation as the cooling medium.
  • air as a carrier gas has proven to be particularly inexpensive.
  • cooling medium nozzle In particular, in the case of air as a carrier gas and generally when the carrier gas has a certain moisture, ice formation may occur at the cooling medium nozzle. This can preferably be counteracted, in which the cooling medium is provided with a thermal insulation, for example, in which a coating of a plastic, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene, is formed.
  • the carrier gas stream is passed through a porous body before the cooling medium flow is added.
  • a sintered material such as a sintered metal or a sintered ceramic
  • the guidance of the carrier gas flow through a porous body results in flow uniformization downstream of the porous body.
  • the porous body can be advantageously used for mechanically holding and / or centering the cooling medium nozzle in the Laval nozzle.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is centered relative to the Laval nozzle educated.
  • the Laval nozzle has an axis of symmetry in the form of the longitudinal axis, that is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis, it is advantageous to center the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle, so this form on the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle. In this way it can be achieved that the cooling medium flow is added in the region of the highest flow velocity of the carrier gas flow, which leads to a particularly good distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas.
  • the cooling medium flow is input in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.
  • the addition of the cooling medium in the direction of the longitudinal axis leads to a particularly uniform distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by supplying the cooling medium nozzle with cooling medium through a cooling medium feed line formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, but the cooling medium nozzle has an outlet opening which effects a cooling medium flow with a direction that differs from the longitudinal axis.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is designed such that an outlet opening of the cooling medium nozzle lies within the Laval nozzle or the outlet opening of the cooling medium nozzle is located behind the outlet side of the Laval nozzle.
  • the output side is the Laval nozzle limiting plane formed opposite to the input side.
  • the carrier gas connection is understood to be a connection via which a carrier gas can flow into the Laval nozzle.
  • the exit side of the Laval nozzle lies between the discharge port of the cooling medium nozzle and the input side of the Laval nozzle.
  • the device according to the invention can preferably be used for the use of the method according to the invention.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is displaceable along a longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.
  • a cooling medium nozzle is designed to be displaceable within a Laval nozzle allows adjustment of the properties of the cooling medium flow during discharge from the device, in particular with regard to the particle size distribution and the distribution of the particles in the carrier gas flow.
  • the cooling medium is formed coaxially with the Laval nozzle.
  • cooling medium nozzle By coaxial is meant that one axis of the cooling medium nozzle is identical to a corresponding axis of the Laval nozzle.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is designed so that it has an outlet opening has, which faces in the direction of the output side and is formed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.
  • the displaceability in the direction of the longitudinal axis can be achieved in a structurally simple manner.
  • an outlet opening symmetrical to the longitudinal ash a substantially symmetrical spatial distribution of cooling medium in the carrier gas flow can be achieved.
  • the cooling medium nozzle comprises a tube, preferably with an inner diameter of less than 1.5 mm, preferably less than 1.0 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm.
  • a capillary is used as a cooling medium or for supplying the cooling medium to the cooling medium, which makes it possible to supply the cooling medium in sufficiently small economically meaningful volume flows.
  • the inner diameter of the capillary or the tube can be adjusted depending on the necessary cooling and other conditions such as the applied cooling medium pressure in order to achieve the most efficient cooling possible.
  • the present invention allows particle or Truchsch relienveranderen that are adjustable with displaceablemémediumdüse, for example, from particle or droplet diameters of 20 to 40 microns [microns] to 0.2 to 0.3 mm [millimeters].
  • a constricted tube Under a constricted tube is understood a tube whose flow-through cross-section is reduced at least in a partial area. In the case of a tube as cooling medium nozzle, this has a substantially constant cross-section through which it can flow. Under a pipe is also understood advantageously a capillary with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm and less.
  • a Laval nozzle is preferably used when it is necessary due to the circumstances, to increase the Auström york the cooling medium flow.
  • a tube, in particular a capillary, as a nozzle is preferably used when only a fairly short cooling medium nozzle is necessary, that is, the cooling medium flow is to be entered in the forward direction of the Laval nozzle.
  • the permeable inner diameter is preferably reduced by more than 30%, for example, from an inner diameter of about 0.8 mm to 0.4 mm or 0.5 mm.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is designed as a Laval nozzle, then the flow-through diameter from upstream of this Laval nozzle to the central part of the Laval nozzle can be reduced by at least 50%, for example from 0.8 mm to 0.3 mm. Even with a constricted tube as the cooling medium nozzle, the reduced flow-through cross-section leads to an acceleration of the cooling medium flow.
  • the preparation of a Laval nozzle or a constricted tube as a cooling medium nozzle is preferably carried out by heating a Metallkapillare and pulling independently of the present invention.
  • a porous body is formed between the carrier gas connection and the Laval nozzle.
  • This porous body is flowed through during operation of the carrier gas. It is preferably a sintered body, in particular a sintered metal body or a sintered ceramic body.
  • the carrier gas flow is made uniform, so that when flowing the carrier gas into the Laval nozzle defined conditions are present, so that smaller pressure fluctuations and the like in the carrier gas supply are compensated before the porous body.
  • the cooling medium nozzle is centered by a porous body relative to the Laval nozzle.
  • an embodiment is selected in which the cooling medium nozzle is still displaceable.
  • the porous body can also be used to streamline the flow of carrier gas.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an inventive device 1 for discharging a cooling medium flow.
  • the device 1 comprises a nozzle body 2 with a Laval nozzle 3.
  • the Laval nozzle 3 comprises a first region 4, in which the flow-through cross-section decreases, a second region 5, in which the flow-through cross-section is constant, and a third region 6 in which the flow-through cross-section increases.
  • the Laval nozzle 3 is formed rotationally symmetrical to a longitudinal axis 7.
  • the Laval nozzle 3 has an input side 8 and an output side 9. In operation, the Laval nozzle 3 is flowed through from the input side 8 to the output side 9.
  • the device 1 Connected to the input side 8 of the Laval nozzle 3 is a carrier gas connection 10, via which the device 1 can be supplied with a carrier gas during operation. Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a cooling medium nozzle 11 with an outlet opening 12 for introducing cooling medium into the carrier gas flow.
  • the cooling medium nozzle 12 is connected to a cooling medium supply line 13.
  • the cooling medium nozzle 11 is supplied via the cooling medium supply line 13 with cooling medium, which is entered through the outlet opening 12 in the carrier gas stream.
  • the cooling medium nozzle 11 is slidably disposed along the longitudinal axis 7 of the Laval nozzle 3, so that the cooling medium flow is either entered within the Laval nozzle 3 in the carrier gas stream or downstream of the Laval nozzle 3 is entered into the carrier gas stream.
  • the cooling medium nozzle 11 is designed to be longitudinally displaceable so that the outlet opening 12 is either positioned within the Laval nozzle 3 or positioned behind the outlet side 9 of the Laval nozzle 3.
  • the last case means that the exit side 9 of the Laval nozzle 3 between the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium nozzle 11 and the input side 8 of the Laval nozzle 3 is located.
  • FIG. 12 shows a case where the cooling medium nozzle 11 is a Laval nozzle, which is inside the Laval nozzle 3.
  • a carrier gas is introduced through the carrier gas port 10 into the Laval nozzle 3, wherein the resulting carrier gas stream is accelerated in the Laval nozzle 3.
  • the cooling medium is then added as cooling medium flow through the cooling medium 11.
  • the reference numeral 14 indicates the displacement range in which the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium nozzle 11 can move.
  • the first embodiment of the device 1 of the invention comprises a porous body 15. This is formed as a sintered metal disc and centered the cooling medium 11 and the cooling medium supply line 13 inside the Laval nozzle 3.
  • the carrier gas is forced by the porous body 15 in operation, this leads to a homogenization of the carrier gas flow.
  • pressure and velocity fluctuations of the carrier gas before entering the Laval nozzle 3 are damped, so in operation always uniform conditions.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cooling medium nozzle 11 is formed in this case as a capillary, which also represents the cooling medium supply line 13.
  • the cooling medium such as carbon dioxide exits only from the cooling medium supply line 13 through the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium 11 and is then atomized and distributed in the carrier gas stream.
  • the method according to the invention and the device 1 according to the invention can advantageously serve for applying a cooling medium flow into the region of a component surface which is thermally coated or sprayed.
  • a cooling medium flow into the region of a component surface which is thermally coated or sprayed.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the cooling medium and possibly also as the carrier gas
  • an adaptable distribution of the particle sizes and effective cooling of the component surface can be reduced or avoided by the effectively thermally induced shearing stresses between the coating and component surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Austragen eines Kühlmediumstroms. Dieser Kühlmediumstrom wird eingesetzt, um beim thermischen Beschichten eine effektive Kühlung der zu beschichtenden Bauteile und der Spritzwerkstoffe zu erreichen.The subject of the present invention is a method and a device for discharging a cooling medium flow. This cooling medium flow is used to achieve effective cooling of the components to be coated and the spray materials during thermal coating.

Bauteile werden oftmals thermisch beschichtet, um die Eigenschaften der Oberfläche des Bauteils im Hinblick auf die Korrosion, den Verschleiß oder die Temperaturbeständigkeit zu verändern. Auch die Änderung von Hafteigenschaften beziehungsweise der Haft- und/oder Gleitreibung steht oftmals im Vordergrund der Beschichtung. Auch anderweitige funktionelle Oberflächen können so geschaffen werden. Beim thermischen Beschichten werden dabei zwei Werkstoffe miteinander kombiniert, die sich regelmäßig im Hinblick zumindest auf ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden. So werden beispielsweise Schichten aus Kunststoffen, Metallen, Legierungen, Karbiden, Oxiden, Keramik und aus Gemischen dieser Stoffe durch thermisches Beschichten aufgetragen. Beim thermischen Beschichten werden die zu beschichtenden Bauteile in einem oder in mehreren Durchgängen beschichtet, wobei Flammspritzverfahren, Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzverfahren, Lichtbogenspritzverfahren und Plasmaspritzverfahren zum Auftragen eines Spritzwerkstoffes zum Einsatz kommen können. Die Beschichtung beziehungsweise der Spritzwerkstoff wird dabei aus einem Werkstoff ausgebildet, der aufgeschmolzen oder angeschmolzen und auf die Bauteiloberfläche appliziert wird. Hierbei sollte die Bauteiloberfläche regelmäßig nicht aufgeschmolzen werden. Die Bindung der Schicht an die Bauteiloberfläche erfolgt dabei vorrangig durch mechanische Verklammerung, alternativ oder zusätzlich auch durch Diffusion.Components are often thermally coated to alter the surface properties of the component with respect to corrosion, wear, or temperature resistance. Also, the change of adhesive properties or the static and / or sliding friction is often in the foreground of the coating. Other functional surfaces can also be created in this way. In thermal coating, two materials are combined with each other, which differ regularly in terms of at least their physical properties. For example, layers of plastics, metals, alloys, carbides, oxides, ceramics and mixtures of these substances are applied by thermal coating. In thermal coating, the components to be coated are coated in one or more passes using flame spraying, high speed flame spraying, arc spraying and plasma spraying to apply a spraying material. The coating or the spray material is formed from a material which is melted or fused and applied to the component surface. In this case, the component surface should not be melted regularly. The bonding of the layer to the component surface takes place primarily by mechanical clamping, alternatively or additionally by diffusion.

Um eine thermische Beschädigung des Bauteils oder die Veränderung von Eigenschaften des Bauteils zu verhindern, ist es erforderlich, die Temperatur möglichst genau einzustellen. Dies ist auch notwendig, um ein gutes Haften der Beschichtung auf der Bauteiloberfläche zu erreichen, da bei einer zu starken Erwärmung des Bauteils durch die dabei entstehende Ausdehnung und anschließende Schrumpfung beim Abkühlen Scherspannungen zwischen Beschichtung und Bauteiloberfläche entstehen können, die zu einem zumindest teilweisen Ablösen der Beschichtung von der Bauteiloberfläche führen können.In order to prevent thermal damage of the component or the change of properties of the component, it is necessary to set the temperature as accurately as possible. This is also necessary in order to achieve a good adhesion of the coating on the component surface, since if too much heating of the component by the resulting expansion and subsequent shrinkage during cooling shear stresses between the coating and component surface may arise, resulting in at least partial detachment of the Can lead coating of the component surface.

Bisher erfolgt beim thermischen Beschichten eine Kühlung durch Eintragen von Kohlendioxid in einen Druckluftstrom oder auch durch das Verdüsen von flüssigem Kohlendioxid unter Bildung von Kohlendioxidschnee. Dieses Kühlmedium wird dann auf die Bauteiloberfläche aufgetragen.So far, in the case of thermal coating, cooling takes place by introducing carbon dioxide into a stream of compressed air or else by atomizing liquid carbon dioxide to form carbon dioxide snow. This cooling medium is then applied to the component surface.

Zum Beispiel in der WO 2008/027 900 A2 wird ein Verfahren zur Kühlung mit einer kryogenen Flüssigkeit, welches mit einem Drosselungsgas oder mit einer weiteren kryogenen Flüssigkeit in Kontakt gebracht wird, mittels einer Düse beschrieben.For example in the WO 2008/027 900 A2 For example, a method for cooling with a cryogenic liquid which is brought into contact with a throttling gas or with another cryogenic liquid is described by means of a nozzle.

Für verschiedenste Anwendungsgebiete ist es bekannt, Medien über Düsen auszutragen. So ist aus der DE 10 2009 052946 A1 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbeschichtung mittels einer Kaltgasspritzdüse bekannt. Aus der US 3 703 991 A Verfahren zum Herstellen von künstlichem Schnee zum Skifahren bekannt. Aus der DE 101 21 590 A1 ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Kühlung bei spanabhebenden Fertigungsprozessen bekannt. Aus der US 5 520 331 A ist eine Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Feuer bekannt.For a variety of applications, it is known to discharge media through nozzles. So is out of the DE 10 2009 052946 A1 a method for producing a protective coating by means of a cold gas spray nozzle known. From the US Pat. No. 3,703,991 Method for producing artificial snow for skiing known. From the DE 101 21 590 A1 Furthermore, a method for cooling in machining production processes is known. From the US 5 520 331 A a device for extinguishing fire is known.

Hierbei hängt die Kühleffektivität im Wesentlichen davon ab, wie viel Kühlmedium und in welcher Zusammensetzung diese auf die Bauteiloberfläche trifft und insbesondere wie viel Kohlendioxidschnee auf der Bauteiloberfläche auftrifft, an der Bauteiloberfläche sublimiert und in wie weit somit zwischen Bauteil und Kohlendioxid oder Kühlmedium ein Wärmeaustausch stattfindet. Dies gelingt oft ungenügend und insbesondere dann, wenn sich die Bauteile schnell bewegen und/oder eine rotierende thermische Masse aufweisen, wie dies beispielsweise beim Beschichten von Walzen, Scheiben und Kugeln der Fall ist, ist es aus dem Stand der Technik schwierig, eine effektive und ausreichende Kühlung der Bauteiloberfläche zu erreichen.In this case, the cooling efficiency essentially depends on how much cooling medium and in which composition this impinges on the component surface and, in particular, how much carbon dioxide snow impinges on the component surface, sublimes on the component surface and how far there is heat exchange between component and carbon dioxide or cooling medium. This is often unsatisfactory and, in particular, when the components move quickly and / or have a rotating thermal mass, as is the case, for example, when coating rolls, disks and balls, it is difficult from the prior art to provide an effective and to achieve sufficient cooling of the component surface.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Austragen eines Kühlmediums anzugeben, bei dem die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile zumindest teilweise überwunden werden und insbesondere ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Austragen eines Kühlmediums anzugeben, bei dem die Kühlmediumströmung in Bezug auf Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Zusammensetzung einstellbar ist.On this basis, the present invention has the object to provide a method and an apparatus for discharging a cooling medium, in which the known from the prior art disadvantages are at least partially overcome and in particular to provide a method and an apparatus for discharging a cooling medium, in which the cooling medium flow is adjustable with respect to flow velocity and composition.

Diese Aufgaben werden gelöst durch die unabhängigen Ansprüche. Die abhängigen Ansprüche sind auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen gerichtet.These objects are achieved by the independent claims. The dependent claims are directed to advantageous developments.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind auch durch in der Beschreibung offenbarte Merkmale gegeben, die beliebig in technologisch sinnvoller Weise miteinander und mit Merkmalen aus den Ansprüchen kombiniert werden können. Gleiches gilt für in den Figuren offenbarte Merkmale.Advantageous developments are also given by the features disclosed in the description, which can be combined in any technologically meaningful way with each other and with features of the claims. The same applies to features disclosed in the figures.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Austragen eines Kühlmediumstroms wird ein Kühlmediumstrom durch eine Kühlmediumdüse in einen Trägergasstrom eingegeben, wobei das Kühlmedium flüssig und/oder gasförmig vorliegt. Das Verfahren kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass der Trägergasstrom durch eine Laval-Düse geführt wird, wobei die Laval-Düse eine Längsachse aufweist und der Kühlmediumstrom so eingegeben wird, dass der Austritt des Kühlmediumstroms in den Trägergasstrom innerhalb oder stromabwärts der Laval-Düse erfolgt.In the method according to the invention for discharging a cooling medium flow, a cooling medium flow is introduced through a cooling medium nozzle into a carrier gas flow, wherein the cooling medium is liquid and / or gaseous. The method is characterized in that the carrier gas stream is passed through a Laval nozzle, wherein the Laval nozzle has a longitudinal axis and the cooling medium flow is input so that the exit of the cooling medium flow takes place in the carrier gas flow inside or downstream of the Laval nozzle.

Unter einer Laval-Düse wird eine Düse verstanden, bei der sich in Strömungsrichtung der Querschnitt der Düse zunächst verengt und sich dann bis zum Gasaustritt wieder aufweitet. Unter einem Trägergasstrom wird ein Strom eines Trägergases verstanden. Das Trägergas liegt gasförmig vor. Unter einem Kühlmediumstrom wird ein Strom eines Kühlmediums verstanden. Das Kühlmedium liegt dabei flüssig und/oder gasförmig vor. Es kann seinen Aggregatzustand beim Austritt aus der Kühlmediumdüse ändern, so dass ein flüssiges Kühlmedium nach Austritt aus der Kühlmediumdüse zumindest teilweise gasförmig und/oder fest vorliegt. Bei der Kühlmediumdüse kann es sich um eine grundsätzlich beliebige Düse handeln, insbesondere kann es sich auch um den Austritt eines Rohres handeln.A Laval nozzle is understood to be a nozzle in which the cross-section of the nozzle initially narrows in the flow direction and then widens again until the gas emerges. A carrier gas stream is understood as meaning a stream of a carrier gas. The carrier gas is in gaseous form. A cooling medium flow is understood as meaning a flow of a cooling medium. The cooling medium is liquid and / or gaseous. It can change its state of aggregation upon exiting the cooling medium nozzle, so that a liquid cooling medium after leaving the cooling medium nozzle is at least partially gaseous and / or solid. The cooling medium nozzle can be a basically arbitrary nozzle, in particular it can also be the exit of a pipe.

Durch die Laval-Düse wird zunächst der Trägergasstrom beschleunigt. Gleichzeitig erfolgt dann, wenn der Austritt des Kühlmediumstroms in den Trägergasstrom innerhalb der Laval-Düse erfolgt, in der Laval-Düse eine Durchmischung von Trägergasstrom und Kühlmediumstrom. Es kommt zu einer Verteilung des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom. Sofern die Kühlmediumdüse so positioniert ist, dass der Austritt des Kühlmediumstromes stromabwärts der Laval-Düse erfolgt, erfolgt in der durch die Laval-Düse erzeugten Trägergasströmung die Vermischung von Kühlmedium und Trägergas. Durch die Beschleunigung, die das Trägergas in der Laval-Düse erfährt, wird eine grundsätzlich turbulente oder quasi turbulente Strömung erzeugt, in die das Kühlmedium eingegeben wird. So kommt es zu einer guten Durchmischung von Kühlmedium und Trägergas.The Laval nozzle initially accelerates the carrier gas flow. At the same time takes place when the exit of the cooling medium flow in the carrier gas flow within the Laval nozzle, in the Laval nozzle a mixing of carrier gas flow and cooling medium flow. There is a distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas stream. If the cooling medium nozzle is positioned so that the outlet of the cooling medium flow takes place downstream of the Laval nozzle, the mixing of cooling medium and carrier gas takes place in the carrier gas flow generated by the Laval nozzle. Due to the acceleration experienced by the carrier gas in the Laval nozzle, a basically turbulent or quasi-turbulent flow is generated, into which the cooling medium is introduced. So it comes to a good mixing of cooling medium and carrier gas.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist die Kühlmediumdüse in Richtung der Längsachse der Laval-Düse relativ zu der Laval-Düse verschiebbar.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the cooling medium nozzle is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle relative to the Laval nozzle.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist die Kühlmediumdüse auswechselbar gestaltet. Dadurch können Kühlmediumdüsen verschiedener durchströmbarer Querschnitte für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche austauschbar vorgegeben werden.Alternatively or additionally, the cooling medium nozzle is designed replaceable. As a result, cooling medium nozzles of different flow-through cross-sections can be specified interchangeably for different areas of application.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Wahl der Lage der Kühlmediumdüse relativ zur Laval-Düse und insbesondere durch die bevorzugte Verschiebbarkeit der Kühlmediumdüse relativ zur Laval-Düse kann die Zusammensetzung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verteilung der Aggregatszustände des Kühlmediums, also welcher Anteil des Kühlmediums in flüssiger Form, welcher Anteil in fester Form und welcher Anteil als Gas vorliegt, die räumliche Verteilung des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom und/oder die Partikelgröße, insbesondere die Tröpfchen- oder Korngröße der flüssigen oder festen Phase, vorgegeben oder eingestellt werden. Insbesondere dann, wenn als Kühlmedium Kohlendioxid eingesetzt wird, kann so eine Einstellung der Größenverteilung des Kohlendioxidschnees einerseits und die räumliche Verteilung der Kohlendioxidschneepartikel im Trägergasstrom erreicht werden. Wird ein überwiegend flüssiges Kühlmedium, wie beispielsweise flüssiger Stickstoff oder flüssiges Argon als Kühlmedium eingesetzt, so kommt es zur Einstellbarkeit der Tröpfchengrößenverteilung des Stickstoffs beziehungsweise des Argons im Trägergasstrom.The inventive choice of the position of the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle and in particular by the preferred displacement of the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle, the composition, in particular with regard to the distribution of aggregate states of the cooling medium, ie which proportion of the cooling medium in liquid form, which proportion in solid form and which proportion is present as gas, the spatial distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas stream and / or the particle size, in particular the droplet or grain size of the liquid or solid phase, predetermined or adjusted. Especially when carbon dioxide is used as the cooling medium, an adjustment of the size distribution of the carbon dioxide snow on the one hand and the spatial distribution of the carbon dioxide snow particles in the carrier gas flow can be achieved. If a predominantly liquid cooling medium, such as, for example, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon, is used as the cooling medium, the droplet size distribution of the nitrogen or argon in the carrier gas stream can be adjusted.

Durch die effiziente Zerstäubung des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom ist durch die Wahl der Lage der Kühlmediumdüse relativ zur Laval-Düse oder durch die bevorzugte Verschiebbarkeit der Kühlmediumdüse relativ zur Laval-Düse die Einstellung einer Partikelgrößenverteilung und/oder einer räumlichen Verteilung des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom in Anpassung an die jeweils zu erfüllenden Anforderungen der Kühlung möglich. So kann beim Einsatz beim thermischen Beschichten oder thermischen Spritzen die Partikelgröße und die Verteilung der Partikel im Trägergasstrom an die Beschaffenheit des zu beschichtenden Bauteils, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Reduzierung von thermischer Ausdehnung und Schrumpfung, und der Spritzwerkstoffe angepasst werden, um so eine mangelhafte Schichtbildung beziehungsweise -haftung aufgrund thermisch induzierter Scherspannungen zu verringern oder zu vermeiden.Due to the efficient atomization of the cooling medium in the carrier gas flow by adjusting the position of the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle or by the preferred displacement of the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle adjustment of a particle size distribution and / or a spatial distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas stream in adaptation to the respective requirements of cooling possible. Thus, when used in thermal coating or thermal spraying, the particle size and the distribution of the particles in the carrier gas stream to the nature of the component to be coated, in particular with regard to the reduction of thermal expansion and shrinkage, and the spray materials are adjusted, so as to poor film formation or adhesion due to thermally induced shear stresses to reduce or avoid.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt das Kühlmedium beim Durchströmen der Kühlmediumdüse in flüssigem Aggregatszustand vor.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cooling medium is in the liquid state of matter when flowing through the cooling medium.

Insbesondere dann, wenn der Kühlmediumdüse als Kühlmedium Kohlendioxid in flüssiger Form zugeführt wird, kann es nach Austreten aus der Kühlmediumdüse zur zumindest teilweisen Bildung von Kühlmedium in festem Aggregatszustand beispielsweise als Kohlendioxidschnee und zur teilweisen Verdampfung des Kohlendioxids kommen. Beim Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff und/oder Argon kommt es regelmäßig zur zumindest teilweisen Verdampfung des Stickstoffs und/oder Argons.In particular, when the cooling medium nozzle is supplied as the cooling medium carbon dioxide in liquid form, it may after exiting the cooling medium for the at least partial formation of cooling medium in solid state, for example as carbon dioxide snow and the partial evaporation of carbon dioxide. When using liquid nitrogen and / or argon, at least partial evaporation of the nitrogen and / or argon occurs regularly.

Der Einsatz eines grundsätzlich flüssigen Kühlmediums hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, da so zur Kühlung auch die Verdampfungsenthalpie genutzt werden kann. Gleiches gilt für den gegebenenfalls zumindest teilweise gebildeten Kohlendioxidschnee, bei dem die Sublimationskälte zur Kühlung der Bauteiloberfläche eingesetzt werden kann.The use of a fundamentally liquid cooling medium has proved to be advantageous, since the evaporation enthalpy can thus be used for cooling. The same applies to the optionally at least partially formed carbon dioxide snow, in which the sublimation cold can be used to cool the component surface.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Kühlmedium mindestens einen der folgenden Stoffe:

  • Kohlendioxid (CO2);
  • Stickstoff (N2); und
  • Argon (Ar).
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cooling medium comprises at least one of the following substances:
  • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 );
  • Nitrogen (N 2 ); and
  • Argon (Ar).

Insbesondere beim Einsatz beim thermischen Beschichten oder Spritzen hat sich der Einsatz von Kohlendioxid als Kühlmedium als vorteilhaft erwiesen, da durch die Bildung von Kohlendioxidschnee eine gute Verteilung des Kühlmediums auf der Bauteiloberfläche und damit eine effektive Kühlung erfolgen kann und die Sublimationskälte für die Kühlung der Bauteiloberfläche genutzt werden kann. Beim Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff oder Argon kann die Verdampfungsenthalpie vorteilhaft zur weiteren Kühlung der Bauteiloberfläche eingesetzt werden. Stickstoff und Argon sind inerte Gase, die zu einer Unterdrückung von Reaktionen mit der Bauteiloberfläche bei Beschichtung und Kühlung, insbesondere zur Unterdrückung von Oxidationsreaktionen genutzt werden können.In particular, when used in thermal coating or spraying, the use of carbon dioxide has proved to be advantageous as a cooling medium, since the formation of carbon dioxide snow good distribution of the cooling medium on the component surface and thus effective cooling can be done and used the sublimation cooling for the cooling of the component surface can be. When using liquid nitrogen or argon, the enthalpy of vaporization can advantageously be used for further cooling of the component surface. Nitrogen and argon are inert gases that can be used to suppress reactions with the component surface during coating and cooling, in particular to suppress oxidation reactions.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Trägergas mindestens eines der folgenden Gase:

  • Luft;
  • Argon;
  • Stickstoff; und
  • Kohlendioxid.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the carrier gas comprises at least one of the following gases:
  • Air;
  • Argon;
  • Nitrogen; and
  • Carbon dioxide.

Um eine möglichst einfache Verfahrensführung zu ermöglichen, ist es bevorzugt, als Trägergas und Kühlmedium ein identisches Gas einzusetzen, wobei dann bevorzugt als Kühlmedium das Gas zumindest teilweise in einem anderen Aggregatzustand eingesetzt wird. Der Einsatz von Luft als Trägergas hat sich als besonders preiswert herausgestellt.In order to allow the simplest possible process control, it is preferred to use an identical gas as carrier gas and cooling medium, in which case preferably the gas is used at least partially in another state of aggregation as the cooling medium. The use of air as a carrier gas has proven to be particularly inexpensive.

Insbesondere bei Luft als Trägergas und allgemein dann, wenn das Trägergas eine gewisse Feuchtigkeit aufweist, kann es zur Eisbildung an der Kühlmediumdüse kommen. Dem kann bevorzugt entgegengewirkt werden, in dem die Kühlmediumdüse mit einer thermischen Isolierung versehen wird, beispielsweise in dem eine Beschichtung aus einem Kunststoff, insbesondere aus Polytetrafluorethylen, ausgebildet wird.In particular, in the case of air as a carrier gas and generally when the carrier gas has a certain moisture, ice formation may occur at the cooling medium nozzle. This can preferably be counteracted, in which the cooling medium is provided with a thermal insulation, for example, in which a coating of a plastic, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene, is formed.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Trägergasstrom durch einen porösen Körper geführt, bevor der Kühlmediumstrom zugegeben wird.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the carrier gas stream is passed through a porous body before the cooling medium flow is added.

Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei der Einsatz eines Sinterwerkstoffs, wie beispielsweise eines Sintermetalls oder einer Sinterkeramik, zur Ausbildung des porösen Körpers. Die Führung des Trägergasstroms durch einen porösen Körper führt zu einer Strömungsvergleichmäßigung stromabwärts des porösen Körpers. Gleichzeitig kann in vorteilhafter Weise der poröse Körper zur mechanischen Halterung und/oder zur Zentrierung der Kühlmediumdüse in der Laval-Düse eingesetzt werden.Particularly preferred here is the use of a sintered material, such as a sintered metal or a sintered ceramic, for forming the porous body. The guidance of the carrier gas flow through a porous body results in flow uniformization downstream of the porous body. At the same time, the porous body can be advantageously used for mechanically holding and / or centering the cooling medium nozzle in the Laval nozzle.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Kühlmediumdüse relativ zu der Laval-Düse zentriert ausgebildet. Insbesondere dann, wenn die Laval-Düse eine Symmetrieachse in Form der Längsachse aufweist, also rotationssymmetrisch um die Längsachse ausgebildet ist, ist es vorteilhaft, die Kühlmediumdüse relativ zu der Laval-Düse zu zentrieren, diese also auf der Längsachse der Laval-Düse auszubilden. Hierdurch kann erreicht werden, dass der Kühlmediumstrom im Bereich der höchsten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Trägergasströmung zugegeben wird, was zu einer besonders guten Verteilung des Kühlmediums im Trägergas führt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cooling medium nozzle is centered relative to the Laval nozzle educated. In particular, when the Laval nozzle has an axis of symmetry in the form of the longitudinal axis, that is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis, it is advantageous to center the cooling medium relative to the Laval nozzle, so this form on the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle. In this way it can be achieved that the cooling medium flow is added in the region of the highest flow velocity of the carrier gas flow, which leads to a particularly good distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Kühlmediumstrom in Richtung der Längsachse der Laval-Düse eingegeben.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cooling medium flow is input in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Zugabe des Kühlmediums in Richtung der Längsachse zu einer besonders gleichmäßigen Verteilung des Kühlmediums im Trägergas führt. Für bestimmte Fälle kann es aber auch vorteilhaft sein, stattdessen den Kühlmediumstrom in einem Winkel zur Längsachse zuzugeben, insbesondere dann, wenn stark asymmetrische Anwendungsfälle mit einem Kühlmediumstrom beaufschlagt werden müssen. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Kühlmediumdüse zwar durch eine in Richtung der Längsachse der Düse ausgebildete Kühlmediumzuleitung mit Kühlmedium versorgt wird, die Kühlmediumdüse jedoch eine Austrittsöffnung aufweist, die einen Kühlmediumstrom mit einer Richtung bewirkt, die sich von der Längsachse unterscheidet.It has been found that the addition of the cooling medium in the direction of the longitudinal axis leads to a particularly uniform distribution of the cooling medium in the carrier gas. For certain cases, it may also be advantageous instead to admit the cooling medium flow at an angle to the longitudinal axis, in particular when highly asymmetric applications have to be acted upon by a cooling medium flow. This can be achieved, for example, by supplying the cooling medium nozzle with cooling medium through a cooling medium feed line formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, but the cooling medium nozzle has an outlet opening which effects a cooling medium flow with a direction that differs from the longitudinal axis.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Vorrichtung zum Austragen eines Kühlmediumstroms vorgeschlagen, die umfasst:

  • eine Laval-Düse mit einer Eingangsseite und einer Ausgangsseite;
  • einen mit der Eingangsseite der Laval-Düse verbundenen Trägergasanschluss; und
According to a further aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for discharging a cooling medium flow is proposed, which comprises:
  • a Laval nozzle having an input side and an output side;
  • a carrier gas port connected to the input side of the Laval nozzle; and

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Kühlmediumdüseso ausgebildet, dass eine Austrittsöffnung der Kühlmediumdüse innerhalb der Laval-Düse liegt oder die Austrittsöffnung der Kühlmediumdüse hinter der Ausgangsseite der Laval-Düse liegt.According to the invention, the cooling medium nozzle is designed such that an outlet opening of the cooling medium nozzle lies within the Laval nozzle or the outlet opening of the cooling medium nozzle is located behind the outlet side of the Laval nozzle.

Hierbei ist die Ausgangsseite diejenige die Laval-Düse begrenzende Ebene, die entgegengesetzt zur Eingangsseite ausgebildet ist. Unter dem Trägergasanschluss wird ein Anschluss verstanden, über den ein Trägergas in die Laval-Düse einströmen kann. In dem Fall, in dem die Austrittsöffnung der Kühlmediumdüse hinter der Ausgangsseite der Laval-Düse liegt, liegt somit die Ausgangsseite der Laval-Düse zwischen der Austrittsöffnung der Kühlmediumdüse und der Eingangsseite der Laval-Düse.Here, the output side is the Laval nozzle limiting plane formed opposite to the input side. The carrier gas connection is understood to be a connection via which a carrier gas can flow into the Laval nozzle. Thus, in the case where the discharge port of the cooling medium nozzle is located behind the exit side of the Laval nozzle, the exit side of the Laval nozzle lies between the discharge port of the cooling medium nozzle and the input side of the Laval nozzle.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann bevorzugt zum Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzt werden.The device according to the invention can preferably be used for the use of the method according to the invention.

Die Kühlmediumdüse ist entlang einer Längsachse der Laval-Düse verschiebbar.The cooling medium nozzle is displaceable along a longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.

Die Ausbildung einer Vorrichtung, bei der innerhalb einer Laval-Düse eine Kühlmediumdüse verschiebbar ausgebildet ist, erlaubt die Einstellung der Eigenschaften des Kühlmediumstroms beim Austragen aus der Vorrichtung insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Partikelgrößenverteilung und die Verteilung der Partikel im Trägergasstrom.The formation of a device in which a cooling medium nozzle is designed to be displaceable within a Laval nozzle allows adjustment of the properties of the cooling medium flow during discharge from the device, in particular with regard to the particle size distribution and the distribution of the particles in the carrier gas flow.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die Kühlmediumdüse koaxial zur Laval-Düse ausgebildet.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the cooling medium is formed coaxially with the Laval nozzle.

Unter koaxial wird verstanden, dass eine Achse der Kühlmediumdüse identisch mit einer entsprechenden Achse der Laval-Düse ist. Insbesondere ist die Kühlmediumdüse so ausgebildet, dass sie eine Austrittsöffnung aufweist, die in Richtung der Ausgangsseite weist und symmetrisch um die Längsachse der Laval-Düse ausgebildet ist.By coaxial is meant that one axis of the cooling medium nozzle is identical to a corresponding axis of the Laval nozzle. In particular, the cooling medium nozzle is designed so that it has an outlet opening has, which faces in the direction of the output side and is formed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the Laval nozzle.

Durch die koaxiale Ausbildung von Laval-Düse und Kühlmediumdüse kann die Verschiebbarkeit in Richtung der Längsachse in konstruktiv einfacher Art und Weise erreicht werden. Durch eine zur Längsasche symmetrischen Austrittsöffnung kann eine im Wesentlichen symmetrische räumliche Kühlmediumverteilung im Trägergasstrom erreicht werden.Due to the coaxial design of the Laval nozzle and the cooling medium nozzle, the displaceability in the direction of the longitudinal axis can be achieved in a structurally simple manner. By an outlet opening symmetrical to the longitudinal ash, a substantially symmetrical spatial distribution of cooling medium in the carrier gas flow can be achieved.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung umfasst die Kühlmediumdüse ein Rohr, bevorzugt mit einem Innendurchmesser von weniger als 1,5 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 1,0 mm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0,5 mm.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the cooling medium nozzle comprises a tube, preferably with an inner diameter of less than 1.5 mm, preferably less than 1.0 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm.

Bevorzugt wird als Kühlmediumdüse oder zur Zuführung des Kühlmediums zur Kühlmediumdüse eine Kapillare eingesetzt, die es ermöglicht, das Kühlmedium in genügend kleinen wirtschaftlich sinnvollen Volumenströmen zuzuführen. Der Innendurchmesser der Kapillare beziehungsweise des Rohres kann in Abhängigkeit von der notwendigen Kühlung und den sonstigen Gegebenheiten wie dem anliegenden Kühlmediumdruck angepasst werden, um eine möglichst effiziente Kühlung zu erreichen.Preferably, a capillary is used as a cooling medium or for supplying the cooling medium to the cooling medium, which makes it possible to supply the cooling medium in sufficiently small economically meaningful volume flows. The inner diameter of the capillary or the tube can be adjusted depending on the necessary cooling and other conditions such as the applied cooling medium pressure in order to achieve the most efficient cooling possible.

Grundsätzlich erlaubt die vorliegende Erfindung Partikel- oder Tröpfechgrößenverteilungen, die bei verschiebbarer Kühlmediumdüse einstellbar sind, beispielsweise von Partikel- beziehungsweise Tröpfechendurchmessern von 20 bis 40 µm [Mikrometern] bis hin zu 0,2 bis 0,3 mm [Millimetern].Basically, the present invention allows particle or Truchschgrößenverteilungen that are adjustable with displaceable Kühlmediumdüse, for example, from particle or droplet diameters of 20 to 40 microns [microns] to 0.2 to 0.3 mm [millimeters].

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung umfasst die Kühlmediumdüse mindestens eine der folgenden Düsen:

  • eine Laval-Düse,
  • ein eingeschnürtes Rohr; und
  • ein Rohr.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the cooling medium nozzle comprises at least one of the following nozzles:
  • a Laval nozzle,
  • a constricted pipe; and
  • a pipe.

Unter einem eingeschnürten Rohr wird ein Rohr verstanden, dessen durchströmbarer Querschnitt zumindest in einem Teilbereich verringert ist. Bei einem Rohr als Kühlmediumdüse weist dieses ein im wesentlichen konstanten durchströmbaren Querschnitt auf. Unter einem Rohr wird auch in vorteilhafter Weise eine Kapillare mit einem Innendurchmesser von 1,5 mm und weniger verstanden. Eine Laval-Düse wird bevorzugt dann eingesetzt, wenn es aufgrund der Begebenheiten notwendig ist, die Auströmgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmediumstroms zu erhöhen. Eine Rohr, insbesondere eine Kapillare, als Düse wird bevorzugt dann eingesetzt, wenn nur eine recht kurze Kühlmediumdüse notwendig ist, also der Kühlmediumstrom im in Strömungsrichtung vorderen Bereich der Laval-Düse eingegeben werden soll. Bei dem eingeschnürten Rohr wird der durchströmbare Innendurchmesser bevorzugt um mehr als 30% verringert, beispielsweise von einem Innendurchmesser von etwa 0,8 mm auf 0,4 mm oder 0,5 mm. Ist die Kühlmediumdüse als Laval-Düse ausgebildet, so kann dort der durchströmbare Durchmesser von stromaufwärts dieser Laval-Düse zum zentralen Teil der Laval-Düse um mindestens 50% verringert werden, beispielsweise von 0,8 mm auf 0,3 mm. Auch bei einem eingeschnürten Rohr als Kühlmediumdüse kommt es durch den verringerten durchströmbaren Querschnitt zu einer Beschleunigung des Kühlmediumstroms.Under a constricted tube is understood a tube whose flow-through cross-section is reduced at least in a partial area. In the case of a tube as cooling medium nozzle, this has a substantially constant cross-section through which it can flow. Under a pipe is also understood advantageously a capillary with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm and less. A Laval nozzle is preferably used when it is necessary due to the circumstances, to increase the Auströmgeschwindigkeit the cooling medium flow. A tube, in particular a capillary, as a nozzle is preferably used when only a fairly short cooling medium nozzle is necessary, that is, the cooling medium flow is to be entered in the forward direction of the Laval nozzle. In the necked tube, the permeable inner diameter is preferably reduced by more than 30%, for example, from an inner diameter of about 0.8 mm to 0.4 mm or 0.5 mm. If the cooling medium nozzle is designed as a Laval nozzle, then the flow-through diameter from upstream of this Laval nozzle to the central part of the Laval nozzle can be reduced by at least 50%, for example from 0.8 mm to 0.3 mm. Even with a constricted tube as the cooling medium nozzle, the reduced flow-through cross-section leads to an acceleration of the cooling medium flow.

Die Herstellung einer Laval-Düse oder einem eingeschnürten Rohr als Kühlmediumdüse erfolgt bevorzugt und unabhängig von der vorliegenden Erfindung durch Erhitzen einer Metallkapillare und Ziehen.The preparation of a Laval nozzle or a constricted tube as a cooling medium nozzle is preferably carried out by heating a Metallkapillare and pulling independently of the present invention.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist ein poröser Körper zwischen Trägergasanschluss und Laval-Düse ausgebildet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, a porous body is formed between the carrier gas connection and the Laval nozzle.

Dieser poröse Körper wird im Betrieb von dem Trägergas durchströmt. Es handelt sich bevorzugt um einen gesinterten Körper, wie insbesondere einen gesinterten Metallkörper oder einen gesinterten Keramikkörper. Durch das Durchströmen des porösen Körpers wird die Trägergasströmung vergleichmäßigt, sodass beim Einströmen des Trägergases in die Laval-Düse definierte Bedingungen vorliegen, so dass kleinere Druckschwankungen und Ähnliches in der Trägergasversorgung vor dem porösen Körper ausgeglichen werden.This porous body is flowed through during operation of the carrier gas. It is preferably a sintered body, in particular a sintered metal body or a sintered ceramic body. By flowing through the porous body, the carrier gas flow is made uniform, so that when flowing the carrier gas into the Laval nozzle defined conditions are present, so that smaller pressure fluctuations and the like in the carrier gas supply are compensated before the porous body.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird die Kühlmediumdüse durch einen porösen Körper relativ zu der Laval-Düse zentriert.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the cooling medium nozzle is centered by a porous body relative to the Laval nozzle.

Hierbei wird eine Ausgestaltung gewählt, bei der die Kühlmediumdüse trotzdem noch verschiebbar ist. Gleichzeitig kann der poröse Körper auch zur Strömungsvergleichmäßigung des Trägergasstroms genutzt werden.In this case, an embodiment is selected in which the cooling medium nozzle is still displaceable. At the same time, the porous body can also be used to streamline the flow of carrier gas.

Die für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren offenbarten Details und Vorteile lassen sich auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung übertragen und anwenden und umgekehrt. Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert, ohne auf die dort gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt zu sein. Es zeigen exemplarisch und schematisch:

Fig. 1
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
Fig. 2
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
The details and advantages disclosed for the method according to the invention can be transferred and applied to the device according to the invention and vice versa. In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, without being limited to the embodiments shown there. There are examples and schematic:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of a device according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
A second embodiment of a device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 zum Austragen eines Kühlmediumstroms. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst einen Düsenkörper 2 mit einer Laval-Düse 3. Die Laval-Düse 3 umfasst einen ersten Bereich 4, in dem sich der durchströmbare Querschnitt verringert, einen zweiten Bereich 5, in dem der durchströmbare Querschnitt konstant ist und einen dritten Bereich 6, in dem sich der durchströmbare Querschnitt vergrößert. Die Laval-Düse 3 ist rotationssymmetrisch zu einer Längsachse 7 ausgebildet. Die Laval-Düse 3 weist eine Eingangsseite 8 und eine Ausgangsseite 9 auf. Im Betrieb wird die Laval-Düse 3 von der Eingangsseite 8 zur Ausgangsseite 9 durchströmt. Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an inventive device 1 for discharging a cooling medium flow. The device 1 comprises a nozzle body 2 with a Laval nozzle 3. The Laval nozzle 3 comprises a first region 4, in which the flow-through cross-section decreases, a second region 5, in which the flow-through cross-section is constant, and a third region 6 in which the flow-through cross-section increases. The Laval nozzle 3 is formed rotationally symmetrical to a longitudinal axis 7. The Laval nozzle 3 has an input side 8 and an output side 9. In operation, the Laval nozzle 3 is flowed through from the input side 8 to the output side 9.

Mit der Eingangsseite 8 der Laval-Düse 3 strömungsverbunden ist ein Trägergasanschluss 10, über den die Vorrichtung 1 im Betrieb mit einem Trägergas versorgt werden kann. Ferner umfasst die Vorrichtung 1 eine Kühlmediumdüse 11 mit einer Austrittsöffnung 12 zum Eingeben von Kühlmedium in den Trägergasstrom. Die Kühlmediumdüse 12 ist mit einer Kühlmediumzuleitung 13 verbunden. Im Betrieb wird die Kühlmediumdüse 11 über die Kühlmediumzuleitung 13 mit Kühlmedium versorgt, welches durch die Austrittsöffnung 12 in den Trägergasstrom eingegeben wird. Dabei ist die Kühlmediumdüse 11 entlang der Längsachse 7 der Laval-Düse 3 verschiebbar angeordnet, sodass der Kühlmediumstrom entweder innerhalb der Laval-Düse 3 in den Trägergasstrom eingegeben wird oder stromabwärts der Laval-Düse 3 in den Trägergasstrom eingegeben wird. Dies bedeutet, dass die Kühlmediumdüse 11 so längsverschieblich ausgebildet ist, dass die Austrittsöffnung 12 entweder innerhalb der Laval-Düse 3 positioniert ist oder hinter der Ausgangsseite 9 der Laval-Düse 3 positioniert wird. Der letzte Fall bedeutet, dass die Ausgangsseite 9 der Laval-Düse 3 zwischen der Austrittsöffnung 12 der Kühlmediumdüse 11 und der Eingangsseite 8 der Laval-Düse 3 liegt.Connected to the input side 8 of the Laval nozzle 3 is a carrier gas connection 10, via which the device 1 can be supplied with a carrier gas during operation. Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a cooling medium nozzle 11 with an outlet opening 12 for introducing cooling medium into the carrier gas flow. The cooling medium nozzle 12 is connected to a cooling medium supply line 13. In operation, the cooling medium nozzle 11 is supplied via the cooling medium supply line 13 with cooling medium, which is entered through the outlet opening 12 in the carrier gas stream. In this case, the cooling medium nozzle 11 is slidably disposed along the longitudinal axis 7 of the Laval nozzle 3, so that the cooling medium flow is either entered within the Laval nozzle 3 in the carrier gas stream or downstream of the Laval nozzle 3 is entered into the carrier gas stream. This means that the cooling medium nozzle 11 is designed to be longitudinally displaceable so that the outlet opening 12 is either positioned within the Laval nozzle 3 or positioned behind the outlet side 9 of the Laval nozzle 3. The last case means that the exit side 9 of the Laval nozzle 3 between the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium nozzle 11 and the input side 8 of the Laval nozzle 3 is located.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Fall, bei dem die Kühlmediumdüse 11 eine Laval-Düse darstellt, wobei diese innerhalb der Laval-Düse 3 liegt. Im Betrieb wird ein Trägergas durch den Trägergasanschluss 10 in die Laval-Düse 3 gegeben, wobei der entstehende Trägergasstrom in der Laval-Düse 3 beschleunigt wird. In den entstehenden Trägergasstrom wird dann durch die Kühlmediumdüse 11 das Kühlmedium als Kühlmediumstrom zugegeben. Durch die Zugabe in den Trägergasstrom, dessen Strömungseigenschaften sich durch die Laval-Düse 3 ändern erfolgt eine Verteilung des Kühlmediums und eine Zerstäubung des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom. Je nach Position der Austrittsöffnung 12 der Kühlmediumdüse 11 in der Laval-Düse 3 oder stromabwärts der Laval-Düse 3 werden andere Partikelgrößenverteilungen des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom erreicht und andere räumliche Verteilungen des Kühlmediums im Trägergasstrom. Fig. 1 FIG. 12 shows a case where the cooling medium nozzle 11 is a Laval nozzle, which is inside the Laval nozzle 3. FIG. In operation, a carrier gas is introduced through the carrier gas port 10 into the Laval nozzle 3, wherein the resulting carrier gas stream is accelerated in the Laval nozzle 3. In the resulting carrier gas stream, the cooling medium is then added as cooling medium flow through the cooling medium 11. By adding it to the carrier gas flow, whose flow properties change through the Laval nozzle 3, a distribution of the cooling medium and an atomization of the cooling medium in the carrier gas flow takes place. Depending on the position of the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium nozzle 11 in the Laval nozzle 3 or downstream of the Laval nozzle 3, other particle size distributions of the cooling medium in the carrier gas flow are achieved and other spatial distributions of the cooling medium in the carrier gas flow.

Mit dem Bezugszeichen 14 ist der Verschiebebereich angegeben, in dem sich die Austrittsöffnung 12 der Kühlmediumdüse 11 bewegen kann. Bevorzugt ist eine Ausgestaltung, bei der der Bereich um den die Kühlmediumdüse 11 aus der Laval-Düse 3 heraustreten kann kleiner ist als ein Fünftel der Länge des Verschiebebereichs 14 in Richtung der Längsachse 7, bevorzugt sogar weniger als ein Zehntel.The reference numeral 14 indicates the displacement range in which the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium nozzle 11 can move. An embodiment in which the region around which the cooling medium nozzle 11 emerges from the Laval nozzle 3 is less than one fifth of the length of the displacement region 14 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7, preferably even less than one tenth, is preferred.

Ferner umfasst das erste Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 einen porösen Körper 15. Dieser ist als Sintermetallscheibe ausgebildet und zentriert die Kühlmediumdüse 11 bzw. die Kühlmediumzuleitung 13 im Inneren der Laval-Düse 3. Das Trägergas wird im Betrieb durch den porösen Körper 15 gezwungen, dies führt zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Trägergasströmung. So können Druck- und Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen des Trägergases vor Eintritt in die Laval-Düse 3 gedämpft werden, sodass im Betrieb stets gleichmäßige Bedingungen vorliegen.Further, the first embodiment of the device 1 of the invention comprises a porous body 15. This is formed as a sintered metal disc and centered the cooling medium 11 and the cooling medium supply line 13 inside the Laval nozzle 3. The carrier gas is forced by the porous body 15 in operation, this leads to a homogenization of the carrier gas flow. Thus, pressure and velocity fluctuations of the carrier gas before entering the Laval nozzle 3 are damped, so in operation always uniform conditions.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Hier sollen der Übersichtlichkeit halber nur die Unterschiede zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben werden. Im übrigen wird auf die Beschreibung zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel verwiesen. Im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 ist eine andere Kühlmediumdüse 11 ausgebildet. Die Kühlmediumdüse 11 ist in diesem Falle als Kapillare ausgebildet, die auch die Kühlmediumzuleitung 13 darstellt. Das Kühlmedium, wie beispielsweise Kohlendioxid tritt lediglich aus der Kühlmediumzuleitung 13 durch die Austrittsöffnung 12 der Kühlmediumdüse 11 aus und wird dann zerstäubt und im Trägergasstrom verteilt. Fig. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, for the sake of clarity, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. For the rest, reference is made to the description of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, another cooling medium nozzle 11 is formed. The cooling medium nozzle 11 is formed in this case as a capillary, which also represents the cooling medium supply line 13. The cooling medium, such as carbon dioxide exits only from the cooling medium supply line 13 through the outlet opening 12 of the cooling medium 11 and is then atomized and distributed in the carrier gas stream.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 können in vorteilhafter Weise zum Aufbringen eines Kühlmediumstroms in den Bereich einer Bauteiloberfläche dienen, der thermisch beschichtet oder gespritzt wird. Insbesondere dann, wenn Kohlendioxid als Kühlmedium und gegebenenfalls auch als Trägergas eingesetzt wird, kommt es zu einer anpassbaren Verteilung der Partikelgrößen und zu einer effektiven Kühlung der Bauteiloberfläche, durch die wirksam thermisch induzierte Scherspannungen zwischen Beschichtung und Bauteiloberfläche verringert bzw. vermieden werden können.The method according to the invention and the device 1 according to the invention can advantageously serve for applying a cooling medium flow into the region of a component surface which is thermally coated or sprayed. In particular, when carbon dioxide is used as the cooling medium and possibly also as the carrier gas, an adaptable distribution of the particle sizes and effective cooling of the component surface can be reduced or avoided by the effectively thermally induced shearing stresses between the coating and component surface.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtung zum Austragen eines KühlmediumstromsDevice for discharging a cooling medium flow
22
Düsenkörpernozzle body
33
Laval-DüseLaval nozzle
44
erster Bereichfirst area
55
zweiter Bereichsecond area
66
dritter Bereichthird area
77
Längsachselongitudinal axis
88th
Eingangsseiteinput side
99
Ausgangsseiteoutput side
1010
TrägergasanschlussCarrier gas connection
1111
KühlmediumdüseKühlmediumdüse
1212
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
1313
KühlmediumzuleitungCoolant supply line
1414
Verschiebebereichdisplacement range
1515
poröser Körperporous body

Claims (14)

  1. A method for supplying a coolant media flow for cooling a component in thermal spray coating, wherein a coolant media flow is introduced into the carrier gas flow through a coolant medium nozzle (11), wherein the coolant medium is liquid and/or gaseous, characterized in that a carrier gas flow is supplied through a Laval nozzle (3), wherein the Laval nozzle (3) has a longitudinal axis (7) and the coolant media flow is introduced such that the outflow of the coolant media flow into the carrier gas flow is carried out within or downstream the Laval nozzle (3).
  2. The method according to claim 1, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) is slidable in the direction of the longitudinal axis (7) of the Laval nozzle (3) relative to the Lavalnozzle (3).
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the coolant medium is in the liquid state when flowing through the coolant medium nozzle (11).
  4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the coolant medium comprises at least one of the following substances:
    - carbon dioxide (CO2);
    - nitrogen (N2); and
    - argon (Ar).
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the carrier gas comprises at least one of the following gases:
    - air;
    - argon;
    - nitrogen; and
    - carbon dioxide.
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the carrier gas flow is supplied through a porous body (15) before adding the coolant media flow.
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) is formed centered with respect to the Laval nozzle (3).
  8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the coolant media flow is introduced in the direction of the longitudinal axis (7) of the Laval nozzle (3).
  9. A device (1) for supplying a coolant media flow, comprising
    - a Laval nozzle (3) having an inlet side (8) and an outlet side (9);
    - a carrier gas connection (10) connected with the inlet side (8) of the Laval nozzle (3); and
    - a coolant medium nozzle (11),
    wherein the coolant medium nozzle (11) is formed such that an outlet opening (12) of the coolant medium nozzle (11) is within the Laval nozzle (3), or the outlet opening (12) of the coolant medium nozzle (11) is behind the outlet side (9) of the Laval nozzle (3), characterized in that the coolant medium nozzle (11) is slidable along a longitudinal axis (7) of the Laval nozzle (3).
  10. The device (1) according to claim 9, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) is formed coaxially to the Laval nozzle (3).
  11. The device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 10, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) comprises a tube preferably having an inner diameter of less than 1.5 mm.
  12. The device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) comprises at least one of the following nozzles:
    - a Laval nozzle,
    - a waisted tube; and
    - a tube.
  13. The device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, in which a porous body (15) is formed between the carrier gas connection (10) and the Laval nozzle (3).
  14. The device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 13, in which the coolant medium nozzle (11) is centered by a porous body (15) relative to the Laval nozzle (3).
EP11183587.2A 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Method and device for supplying a coolant media flow Active EP2574408B1 (en)

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ES11183587.2T ES2670824T3 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Procedure and device to discharge a coolant stream
EP11183587.2A EP2574408B1 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Method and device for supplying a coolant media flow
DK11183587.2T DK2574408T3 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Process and apparatus for supplying a refrigerant stream
PL11183587T PL2574408T3 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Method and device for supplying a coolant media flow

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JP6321407B2 (en) * 2014-03-07 2018-05-09 日本発條株式会社 Deposition equipment
DE102018125605A1 (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-16 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Process for additive manufacturing of a component
JP2021085060A (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 三菱重工業株式会社 Three-dimensional molding device and three-dimensional molding method
CN111467722B (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-07-04 南京湛泸科技有限公司 Fire-fighting sand blasting gun tube and design method of molded surface thereof
FR3132032A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-28 Revcoo CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE METHOD AND SYSTEM
CN114574855B (en) * 2022-03-02 2024-02-09 深圳市众联激光智能装备有限公司 Laser cladding equipment

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DE10126100A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Linde Ag Production of a coating or a molded part comprises injecting powdered particles in a gas stream only in the divergent section of a Laval nozzle, and applying the particles at a specified speed
EP1700638B1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2009-03-04 SOLMICS Co., Ltd. Nozzle for cold spray and cold spray apparatus using the same
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US5520331A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Liquid atomizing nozzle
DE10121590A1 (en) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-07 Hptec Gmbh Combined oil lubricating and gas cooling assembly for small parts metalworking

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