EP2561193B1 - Method and system for monitoring the level of oil contained in a tank of an aircraft engine - Google Patents

Method and system for monitoring the level of oil contained in a tank of an aircraft engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2561193B1
EP2561193B1 EP11730375.0A EP11730375A EP2561193B1 EP 2561193 B1 EP2561193 B1 EP 2561193B1 EP 11730375 A EP11730375 A EP 11730375A EP 2561193 B1 EP2561193 B1 EP 2561193B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measurements
oil
aircraft
engine
oil level
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EP11730375.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2561193A1 (en
Inventor
François DEMAISON
Xavier Flandrois
Jean-Rémi Masse
Gilles Massot
Julien Ricordeau
Ouadir Hmad
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/10—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01M11/12—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning lubricant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of aeronautics.
  • It relates more particularly to monitoring the oil consumption of an aircraft engine in operation, such as for example a turbomachine.
  • a second technique used in some maintenance calculators by the airlines consists in measuring the level of oil contained in the tank before each take-off and after each landing of the aircraft. The oil levels thus measured are then compared with each other in order to estimate the oil consumption on the mission of the aircraft.
  • EP 2 072 762 describes another technique for monitoring the consumption of oil.
  • this technique requires the use of relatively accurate oil level sensors.
  • this technique does not take into account the amount of oil circulating out of the tank, which can vary according to different parameters (viscosity of the oil, engine speed, etc.).
  • the present invention provides an alternative to the aforementioned techniques for obtaining a reliable estimate of the oil consumption of an engine.
  • the invention takes into account the oil level in the tank for estimating the oil consumption of the engine, and is advantageously placed at iso-conditions of engine speed and oil temperature (ie in similar conditions) to make the measured oil levels comparable to each other.
  • the aggregated measurements according to the invention are coherent and comparable with one another, and make it possible to easily evaluate the engine oil consumption.
  • the invention is based on measurements collected during at least two operational phases of the mission of the aircraft.
  • these two phases of operation will correspond to a taxi phase (the taxi phase includes, in the sense of the invention, the taxi phase before take-off and the taxi phase after landing) and to a cruise phase of the mission of the 'aircraft.
  • the estimate of engine oil consumption is not limited to only two measurements taken before take-off and after landing of the aircraft, but oil level measurements are also used. other phases of operation of the aircraft, and possibly on several missions of the aircraft.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to apply a technique of the "trend monitoring” type (monitoring of trend in French) to the monitoring of the oil consumption of an engine.
  • the monitoring of the oil level is automated and requires little or no human intervention. This limits the inaccuracies.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous when discrete resolution sensors are used to measure the oil level in the tank.
  • measurements representative of changes in the oil level occurring over a period shorter than a predetermined time limit are excluded.
  • the measurements corresponding to aberrant oil levels are eliminated, such as for example a measurement greater than the maximum content of the reservoir, etc.
  • the aggregation of the measurements comprises the detection of at least one filling of the tank between two successive missions of the aircraft.
  • the aggregation of the measurements can also include the correction of at least one measurement of the oil level according to a difference existing between the oil temperature associated with this measurement and the reference temperature.
  • the aggregation of the measurements comprises the application of a linear regression to the selected measurements.
  • This regression makes it possible to smooth the curve of the measurements so as to overcome measurement inaccuracies or differences that may appear for example from one mission to another or between the different phases of operation.
  • the aggregated measurements are compared with a predetermined threshold representative of an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine.
  • the measurements are aggregated over several missions of the aircraft and the aggregated measurements are compared with a reference curve (eg a straight line) representative of a normal consumption of oil by the engine.
  • a reference curve eg a straight line
  • This distribution makes it possible to speed up the processing of the ground measurements and to limit the quantity of measurements transmitted during the mission by the aircraft.
  • the figure 1 represents, in its environment, a monitoring system 1 of the oil level contained in a tank of an operating aircraft engine (not shown), according to the invention, in a particular embodiment.
  • the aircraft engine is for example a turbojet engine. It will be noted, however, that the invention applies to other aircraft engines and in particular other turbomachines, such as a turboprop, etc.
  • the means implemented by the monitoring system 1 are distributed over two entities, namely on the aircraft 2 propelled by the engine and on a ground device 3 hosted for example by the airline operating the aircraft 2.
  • the monitoring system 1 is able to monitor the level of oil contained in a tank 21 of a turbojet engine of the aircraft 2.
  • This oil level is measured, in a manner known per se, by a resistive sensor 22 with a discrete resolution.
  • a resistive sensor 22 delivers a discrete measurement having a predefined resolution (eg 0.25 qt or 0.27 liter).
  • the discrete measurement delivered by the sensor remains the same.
  • the absolute measurement of the oil level contained in the reservoir 21 is not precisely known, but as soon as a variation of the oil level is detected by the sensor, the latter is at least equal to the resolution of the sensor. .
  • the aircraft 2 is furthermore equipped with a computer 23, comprising means for processing the measurements made by the sensor 22. according to the invention. These means will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .
  • the measurements processed by the computer 23 are sent to the device on the ground 3 by means of communication 24 equipping the aircraft 2.
  • These means 24 include in particular an ACARS unit (Airline Communications, Addressing and Reporting System), able to communicate according to the ARINC standard via a link 4 with the ground device 3.
  • ACARS unit Airline Communications, Addressing and Reporting System
  • the ground device 3 here has the hardware architecture of a computer. It notably comprises communication means 21, including an ACARS unit able to receive and decode the messages sent by the aircraft 2, a processor 32, a random access memory 33, a read-only memory 34 and a non-volatile memory 35.
  • communication means 21 including an ACARS unit able to receive and decode the messages sent by the aircraft 2, a processor 32, a random access memory 33, a read-only memory 34 and a non-volatile memory 35.
  • the read-only memory 34 constitutes a recording medium readable by the processor 32 and on which is recorded a computer program comprising instructions for carrying out certain steps of the monitoring method according to the invention described later with reference to FIG. figure 3 .
  • the steps implemented by the aircraft 2 correspond strictly to the acquisition of measurements of the oil level contained in the tank 21 and to the extraction of the relevant measurements to monitor the oil consumption of the turbojet engine. . They will be described with reference to the figure 2 .
  • the sensor 22 periodically performs measurements of the oil level in the reservoir 21 of the turbojet engine (step E10).
  • the rotational speed of the turbojet engine is characterized here by the parameter N2, which designates the speed of rotation of the high pressure compressor shaft of the turbojet engine.
  • the rotational speed can be characterized by other operating parameters of the turbojet, such as for example the parameter N1 which designates the rotational speed of the low-pressure compressor shaft of the turbojet engine.
  • the senor 22 being a discrete sensor, the measurement it delivers can remain the same for a long time (eg one hour) if the factors that influence the oil level in the tank do not vary.
  • the term "segment” refers to a set of identical consecutive measurements delivered by the sensor 22. Also, in order to limit the amount of memory necessary to store the measurements delivered by the sensor, it is sufficient to memorize, for each segment, the value of the level oil measured by the sensor 22 on this segment, the beginning of the segment and its duration, the minimum and maximum oil temperatures reached on this segment, and the corresponding rotational speeds.
  • all measurements taken by the sensor 22 can be stored.
  • an extraction of the relevant measurements is carried out in accordance with the invention. This extraction is carried out as and when the mission of the aircraft in order firstly to optimize the processing times of the measurements and secondly to limit the quantity of stored measurements.
  • This extraction consists in filtering the measurements in order to select only the relevant measurements allowing to evaluate the oil consumption of the turbojet and detect abnormal consumption.
  • the treatments making it possible to extract the relevant measurements that can differ according to the phase of the flight during which the measurements were made we first identify the phase of the flight in which the aircraft is located (eg engine with the stopping, starting, taxi before take-off, take-off, climb, cruise, descent, taxi after landing, stopping the engine, etc.) (step E20).
  • the phase of the flight in which the aircraft is located eg engine with the stopping, starting, taxi before take-off, take-off, climb, cruise, descent, taxi after landing, stopping the engine, etc.
  • the phases of the flight can be identified according to the rotational speed of the turbojet and in particular the parameters N1 and / or N2 mentioned above, as well as the previous flight phase.
  • a timed state machine may be used to follow a motor speed gauge.
  • the rotation speed of the turbojet engine (here characterized by the parameter N2) is approximately 60% of its maximum speed, and has higher peaks when the pilot of the aircraft accelerates.
  • the oil level in the tank 21 drops slightly after acceleration before returning to its level before acceleration a few seconds after returning to a normal rotation. The measurements made during a peak of the parameter N2 are therefore not representative of the actual oil consumption of the turbojet engine.
  • N2Ref a reference rotational speed of the turbojet engine, denoted N2Ref, corresponding to the rotation regime most commonly encountered during the first phase, is defined.
  • mission of the aircraft For example, N2Ref is taken as equal to about 60% of the maximum speed of the turbojet engine.
  • a second treatment applied to the measurements made by the sensor 22 during the taxi phase consists in excluding the aberrant measurements, that is to say, the measurements which do not correspond strictly to a physical reality but which come from errors of measure (step E60).
  • the aberrant measurements that is to say, the measurements which do not correspond strictly to a physical reality but which come from errors of measure (step E60).
  • step E60 measurements corresponding to segments of short duration shorter than a predetermined limit duration are also excluded.
  • This treatment is intended to exclude oil level variations due to bends made by the pilot of the aircraft or to sudden braking: they result in an acceleration or deceleration of the aircraft. motor speed relative to the ground, thus causing a momentary inclination of the oil surface in the tank.
  • step E60 only the measurements corresponding to changes in the oil level due to changes in temperature are retained.
  • the measurements associated with an oil temperature close to a predetermined reference temperature TRef are then selected.
  • the temperature most commonly reached by the oil contained in the reservoir 21, for example 100 ° C., is preferably chosen as the reference temperature TRef.
  • step E70 the segments whose minimum and maximum temperatures associated are on both sides of the reference temperature.
  • the segments whose minimum and maximum temperatures are relatively close to the reference temperature, that is to say, lower or higher by a predetermined difference of the order of a few degrees Celsius.
  • step E70 The oil level measurements selected in step E70 are then transmitted to the communication means 31 of the ground device 3 by the communication means 24 of the aircraft 2, via the ACARS link 4 (step E80).
  • the oil level measurements are coded for example in messages conforming to the standard ARINC, known to those skilled in the art. Each measurement is associated in this message with the corresponding oil temperature and the phase of the flight during which it was carried out (here phase taxi or cruise).
  • ARINC the standard ARINC
  • Steps E10 to E80 are repeated during each mission of the aircraft.
  • these steps consist essentially of aggregating the measurements sent by the aircraft 2 during one or more missions, and to determine the oil consumption of the turbojet engine according to the measurements thus aggregated in order to detect in particular a consumption abnormal.
  • Aggregating means gathering the measurements in such a way as to form a single set of points (eg a curve) that is coherent and representative of the actual evolution of the oil level of the reservoir during the missions.
  • the measurements obtained on a mission during taxi phases before take-off and taxi after landing and during the cruise phase are ordered chronologically.
  • the way in which the measurements obtained on separate missions of the aircraft are aggregated may differ according to the type of monitoring envisaged (for example averaged over several flights, or daily, weekly, monthly, etc.).
  • the aggregation may consist in particular of averaging the measurements taken during a mission in order to obtain an average oil level on the mission, or to chronologically order the measurements obtained on different missions in order to evaluate the evolution oil level during several successive missions of the aircraft.
  • step F10 For each mission of the aircraft, following receipt of the selected measurements for the taxi phase (step F10), it is first determined if some of these measures require a correction due to the existence of a difference between the oil temperatures associated with these measurements and the reference temperature (step F20).
  • the ground device 3 corrects the measurements concerned by adding a deviation ⁇ Q determined according to the model, as a function of the temperature difference ⁇ T that they have with respect to the reference temperature.
  • the ground device 3 classifies, for the mission in question, the measurements selected (and possibly corrected) for the taxi phase and the measurements selected for the cruise phase in chronological order (step F40). This gives the evolution of the oil level of the tank 21 for each mission of the aircraft.
  • a linear regression is also applied to the measurements thus ordered in order to smooth the curve obtained.
  • the measurements classified chronologically on each mission are then aggregated on several missions of the aircraft (step F40), that is to say here, classified in the order of the successive missions of the aircraft.
  • the curve obtained may have "recesses", that is to say, sudden changes in the oil level between two successive missions of the aircraft. These recesses essentially correspond to fills of the tank 21 between two successive missions of the aircraft.
  • the ground device 3 detects these fills of the tank 21 (step F50). For this, it compares the oil level variations appearing at the junction between two successive missions of the aircraft with a predetermined threshold to detect sudden changes.
  • ground device 3 here compensates for these fillings in order to overcome their influence on the evolution of the oil level. This compensation is achieved by subtracting the amount of oil added when filling the tank. It allows to "align" the aggregated measurements on the various phases and on the different missions of the aircraft.
  • a linear regression applied to the points of the set C makes it possible to obtain the average oil consumption of the turbojet engine on the missions considered.
  • This average consumption is given by the coefficient of direction of the line CRef obtained after linear regression (represented on the figure 4 ).
  • the residual of the regression and the number of points make it possible to determine the quality of the consumption thus estimated.
  • This average consumption can then be compared with one or more reference thresholds, corresponding for example to the minimum oil consumption and the maximum oil consumption tolerated for the engine.
  • thresholds are provided by the engine manufacturer.
  • the set of points C is furthermore compared with the line CRef (step F60). In the course of this comparison, it is intended to detect a break in the alignment of the points of the set C with respect to the average consumption of the engine, a rupture that is often symptomatic of an anomaly in the oil consumption.
  • the line CRef constitutes a reference curve in the sense of the invention representative of a normal evolution of the consumption of oil by the engine. In fact, in general, the oil consumption of an engine varies little. Also, a deviation from the right CRef makes it possible to diagnose an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine (step F70).
  • the recess 5 represented on the figure 4 is identified by the invention as representative of abnormal consumption. A more advanced investigation will determine whether it is a real anomaly in the engine oil consumption or a measurement fault if the deviation from the reference curve is not confirmed in the weather.
  • other reference data can be compared to the aggregate measurement curve according to the type of anomalies that are to be detected. For example, we can compare the line Cref obtained by linear regression on the points of the set C with a line obtained by linear regression on aggregated measurements during past missions. A break in the directing coefficients of these lines is then symptomatic of an anomaly in oil consumption.
  • the aggregation of the measurements on several missions of the aircraft consists in a chronological classification of the measures selected for the various missions.
  • the monitoring may consist of evaluating the average oil level in the tank 21 (the average being performed on several missions of the aircraft).
  • a linear regression can then be applied to aggregate measurements to estimate the engine's oil consumption on the mission. The residual of the regression and the number of points make it possible to determine the quality of the consumption thus estimated.
  • the diagnosis can also be advantageously improved by comparing the monitoring of consumption on several engines of the same aircraft.
  • a variation of the consumption of the same order of magnitude will be imputed on the different flight conditions, while a single-engine evolution is considered to be symptomatic of an anomaly in oil consumption.
  • an abnormal consumption of oil is detected by comparing the evolution of the oil level on several successive missions of the aircraft with a reference curve.
  • the oil consumption can be estimated by making a difference between two successive aggregated oil level measurements to directly compare the oil consumption with a reference oil consumption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Description

Arrière-plan deBackground of l'inventionthe invention

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général de l'aéronautique.The present invention relates to the general field of aeronautics.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement la surveillance de la consommation d'huile d'un moteur d'aéronef en fonctionnement, tel que par exemple une turbomachine.It relates more particularly to monitoring the oil consumption of an aircraft engine in operation, such as for example a turbomachine.

Pour estimer la consommation d'huile d'un moteur d'aéronef, il est connu de comptabiliser le nombre de cannettes d'huile versées dans le réservoir du moteur lors d'entretiens programmés du moteur (ex. entre chaque mission). La quantité d'huile correspondant au nombre de cannettes versées lors de chaque remplissage est consignée sur une fiche, et une moyenne glissante calculée sur plusieurs remplissages donne une estimation de la consommation d'huile moyenne du moteur. Cette estimation est alors comparée à un seuil de référence prédéterminé en vue de détecter une consommation anormale d'huile par le moteur.To estimate the oil consumption of an aircraft engine, it is known to count the number of oil cans poured into the engine tank during engine scheduled maintenance (eg between each mission). The quantity of oil corresponding to the number of cans poured during each filling is recorded on a form, and a sliding average calculated on several fillings gives an estimate of the average oil consumption of the engine. This estimate is then compared to a predetermined reference threshold for detecting an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine.

Cette technique est mise en oeuvre manuellement par la plupart des compagnies. En outre, elle ne prend pas en compte l'écart des niveaux d'huile dans le réservoir entre le début et la fin de la période sur laquelle la moyenne est calculée, ce qui peut induire des imprécisions dans l'estimation de la consommation d'huile.This technique is implemented manually by most companies. In addition, it does not take into account the difference in oil levels in the reservoir between the beginning and the end of the period over which the average is calculated, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of oil consumption. 'oil.

Une seconde technique utilisée dans certains calculateurs de maintenance par les compagnies aériennes consiste à mesurer le niveau d'huile contenu dans le réservoir avant chaque décollage et après chaque atterrissage de l'aéronef. Les niveaux d'huile ainsi mesurés sont alors comparés entre eux afin d'estimer la consommation d'huile sur la mission de l'aéronef. EP 2 072 762 décrit une autre technique de surveillance de la consommation d'huile.A second technique used in some maintenance calculators by the airlines consists in measuring the level of oil contained in the tank before each take-off and after each landing of the aircraft. The oil levels thus measured are then compared with each other in order to estimate the oil consumption on the mission of the aircraft. EP 2 072 762 describes another technique for monitoring the consumption of oil.

On comprend alors bien que pour obtenir une estimation fiable de la consommation d'huile du moteur, cette technique nécessite l'utilisation de capteurs du niveau d'huile relativement précis. De plus, cette technique ne prend pas en compte la quantité d'huile en circulation hors du réservoir, qui peut varier selon différents paramètres (viscosité de l'huile, vitesse du moteur, etc.).It is therefore well understood that to obtain a reliable estimate of the engine oil consumption, this technique requires the use of relatively accurate oil level sensors. In addition, this technique does not take into account the amount of oil circulating out of the tank, which can vary according to different parameters (viscosity of the oil, engine speed, etc.).

Objet et résumé deObject and summary of l'inventionthe invention

La présente invention propose une alternative aux techniques précitées permettant d'obtenir une estimation fiable de la consommation d'huile d'un moteur.The present invention provides an alternative to the aforementioned techniques for obtaining a reliable estimate of the oil consumption of an engine.

Plus précisément, elle vise un procédé de surveillance du niveau d'huile contenue dans un réservoir d'un moteur d'aéronef, comprenant :

  • pour au moins deux phases de fonctionnement prédéterminées du moteur, au cours d'au moins une mission de l'aéronef :
    • ∘ l'obtention d'une pluralité de mesures d'un niveau d'huile du réservoir, chaque mesure étant associée à une température d'huile et à un régime de rotation du moteur ;
    • ∘ la sélection de mesures représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile, et associées à des températures d'huile voisines d'une température de référence et à des régimes de rotation du moteur voisins d'un régime de rotation de référence ;
  • l'agrégation des mesures sélectionnées sur les phases de fonctionnement et au cours de ladite au moins une mission de l'aéronef ; et
  • la comparaison des mesures agrégées avec des données de référence en vue d'identifier une consommation d'huile anormale du moteur.
More specifically, it relates to a method for monitoring the oil level contained in a tank of an aircraft engine, comprising:
  • for at least two predetermined operating phases of the engine, during at least one mission of the aircraft:
    • Obtaining a plurality of measurements of an oil level of the reservoir, each measurement being associated with an oil temperature and a rotational speed of the engine;
    • Sélection the selection of measurements representative of variations in the oil level, and associated with oil temperatures close to a reference temperature and at engine rotation speeds close to a reference rotation speed;
  • aggregating the selected measurements on the operating phases and during said at least one mission of the aircraft; and
  • comparison of aggregated measurements with reference data to identify abnormal engine oil consumption.

Corrélativement, l'invention vise également un système de surveillance du niveau d'huile contenu dans un réservoir d'un moteur d'aéronef, comprenant :

  • des moyens, activés pour au moins deux phases de fonctionnement prédéterminées du moteur, au cours d'au moins une mission de l'aéronef :
    • ∘ pour obtenir une pluralité de mesures d'un niveau d'huile du réservoir, chaque mesure étant associée à une température d'huile et à un régime de rotation du moteur ; et
    • ∘ pour sélectionner des mesures représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile, et associées à des températures d'huile voisines d'une température de référence et à des régimes de rotation du moteur voisins d'un régime de rotation de référence ;
  • des moyens pour agréger les mesures sélectionnées sur les phases de fonctionnement et au cours de ladite au moins une mission de l'aéronef ; et
  • des moyens pour comparer les mesures agrégées avec des données de référence en vue d'identifier une consommation d'huile anormale du moteur.
Correlatively, the invention also relates to an oil level monitoring system contained in a tank of an aircraft engine, comprising:
  • means, activated for at least two predetermined operating phases of the engine, during at least one mission of the aircraft:
    • ∘ to obtain a plurality of measurements of an oil level of the reservoir, each measurement being associated with an oil temperature and a rotational speed of the engine; and
    • ∘ for selecting measurements representative of variations in the oil level, and associated with oil temperatures close to a reference temperature and at engine rotational speeds close to a reference rotation speed;
  • means for aggregating the selected measurements on the operating phases and during said at least one mission of the aircraft; and
  • means for comparing the aggregated measurements with reference data to identify abnormal engine oil consumption.

Ainsi, l'invention prend en compte le niveau d'huile dans le réservoir pour l'estimation de la consommation d'huile du moteur, et se place avantageusement à iso-conditions de régime du moteur et de température d'huile (i.e. dans des conditions similaires) afin de rendre comparables entre eux les niveaux d'huile mesurés.Thus, the invention takes into account the oil level in the tank for estimating the oil consumption of the engine, and is advantageously placed at iso-conditions of engine speed and oil temperature (ie in similar conditions) to make the measured oil levels comparable to each other.

En se plaçant à iso-conditions de régime de rotation et de température, on s'assure que les paramètres autres que le niveau d'huile dans le réservoir ayant une influence sur la consommation réelle d'huile par le moteur (tels que par exemple, la quantité d'huile se trouvant en dehors du réservoir d'huile ou gulping, ou la dilatation/contraction de l'huile), ont un impact similaire sur la consommation d'huile. De ce fait, on peut raisonnablement s'affranchir d'estimer ces paramètres pour évaluer de façon fiable la consommation d'huile du moteur : un raisonnement « par delta » entre les niveaux d'huile (i.e. en comparant directement les niveaux d'huile entre eux) suffit pour estimer la consommation d'huile du moteur.By placing at iso-conditions of rotational speed and temperature, it is ensured that the parameters other than the oil level in the reservoir having an influence on the actual consumption of oil by the engine (such as for example , the amount of oil lying outside the oil tank or gulping, or the expansion / contraction of the oil), have a similar impact on the oil consumption. As a result, it is reasonable to avoid estimating these parameters in order to reliably assess engine oil consumption: a "delta" reasoning between oil levels (ie by directly comparing oil levels between them) is sufficient to estimate the engine oil consumption.

Ainsi, il n'est pas nécessaire de recourir à des modèles complexes tels que par exemple un modèle de gulping ou de rétention d'huile dans les enceintes pour ajuster les niveaux d'huile, avant de les comparer à des données de référence. Les mesures agrégées conformément à l'invention sont cohérentes et comparables entre elles, et permettent d'évaluer facilement la consommation d'huile du moteur.Thus, it is not necessary to resort to complex models such as for example a model gulping or oil retention in the speakers to adjust the oil levels, before comparing them to reference data. The aggregated measurements according to the invention are coherent and comparable with one another, and make it possible to easily evaluate the engine oil consumption.

En outre, l'invention se base sur des mesures récoltées au cours d'au moins deux phases de fonctionnement de la mission de l'aéronef. Préférentiellement, ces deux phases de fonctionnement correspondront à une phase de taxi (la phase de taxi inclut au sens de l'invention la phase de taxi avant décollage et la phase de taxi après atterrissage) et à une phase de croisière de la mission de l'aéronef.In addition, the invention is based on measurements collected during at least two operational phases of the mission of the aircraft. Preferably, these two phases of operation will correspond to a taxi phase (the taxi phase includes, in the sense of the invention, the taxi phase before take-off and the taxi phase after landing) and to a cruise phase of the mission of the 'aircraft.

De cette sorte, on ne limite pas l'estimation de la consommation d'huile du moteur à seulement deux mesures prises avant le décollage et après l'atterrissage de l'aéronef, mais on utilise également des mesures du niveau d'huile relevées lors d'autres phases de fonctionnement de l'aéronef, et éventuellement sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef.In this way, the estimate of engine oil consumption is not limited to only two measurements taken before take-off and after landing of the aircraft, but oil level measurements are also used. other phases of operation of the aircraft, and possibly on several missions of the aircraft.

Ceci contribue à améliorer la précision de l'estimation de la consommation d'huile du moteur, et permet de détecter non seulement des consommations anormales ponctuelles mais également des consommations anormales se manifestant à plus long terme. L'invention permet ainsi d'appliquer une technique de type « trend monitoring » (surveillance de tendance en français) à la surveillance de la consommation d'huile d'un moteur.This contributes to improving the accuracy of the estimation of the engine oil consumption, and can detect not only abnormal point consumption but also abnormal consumption occurring in the longer term. The invention thus makes it possible to apply a technique of the "trend monitoring" type (monitoring of trend in French) to the monitoring of the oil consumption of an engine.

Par ailleurs, grâce à l'invention, la surveillance du niveau d'huile est automatisée et ne requiert pas ou peu d'intervention humaine. On limite ainsi les imprécisions.Moreover, thanks to the invention, the monitoring of the oil level is automated and requires little or no human intervention. This limits the inaccuracies.

On notera que l'invention est particulièrement avantageuse lorsque des capteurs à résolution discrète sont utilisés pour mesurer le niveau d'huile dans le réservoir.It should be noted that the invention is particularly advantageous when discrete resolution sensors are used to measure the oil level in the tank.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, au cours de la sélection des mesures, on exclut les mesures représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile apparues sur une durée inférieure à une durée limite prédéterminée.In a particular embodiment of the invention, during the selection of the measurements, measurements representative of changes in the oil level occurring over a period shorter than a predetermined time limit are excluded.

De cette sorte, on élimine les variations du niveau d'huile normales, dues à des événements particuliers de la phase de fonctionnement, comme par exemple un virage ou un freinage de l'aéronef et qui se traduisent par une augmentation ou une diminution ponctuelle et momentanée du niveau d'huile dans le réservoir.In this way, normal oil level variations are eliminated, due to particular events of the operating phase, such as a turn or a braking of the aircraft and which result in a specific increase or decrease and momentary oil level in the tank.

En outre, au cours de la sélection des mesures, on peut également exclure les mesures du niveau d'huile supérieures à un niveau d'huile limite prédéterminé, ou représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile supérieures à une variation limite prédéterminée.In addition, during the selection of measurements, it is also possible to exclude oil level measurements above a predetermined limit oil level, or representative of oil level changes greater than a predetermined limit variation.

De cette sorte, les mesures correspondant à des niveaux d'huile aberrants sont éliminées, comme par exemple une mesure supérieure au contenu maximal du réservoir, etc.In this way, the measurements corresponding to aberrant oil levels are eliminated, such as for example a measurement greater than the maximum content of the reservoir, etc.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, l'agrégation des mesures comprend la détection d'au moins un remplissage du réservoir entre deux missions successives de l'aéronef.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the aggregation of the measurements comprises the detection of at least one filling of the tank between two successive missions of the aircraft.

On peut ainsi prendre en compte les remplissages du réservoir d'huile entre deux missions successives de l'aéronef qui peuvent avoir une influence sur le niveau d'huile et induire des différences entre les niveaux non imputables à une anomalie de la consommation d'huile.It is thus possible to take into account the refilling of the oil reservoir between two successive missions of the aircraft which can have an influence on the oil level and induce differences between the levels not attributable to an anomaly of the oil consumption. .

En outre, l'agrégation des mesures peut également comprendre la correction d'au moins une mesure du niveau d'huile en fonction d'une différence existant entre la température d'huile associée à cette mesure et la température de référence.In addition, the aggregation of the measurements can also include the correction of at least one measurement of the oil level according to a difference existing between the oil temperature associated with this measurement and the reference temperature.

De cette sorte, il est possible de prendre en compte de légères différences de température existant entre les niveaux d'huile mesurés au cours des différentes phases de fonctionnement considérées ou au sein d'une même phase de fonctionnement.In this way, it is possible to take into account slight temperature differences existing between the oil levels measured during the various operating phases considered or within the same operating phase.

Cette correction permet de relâcher quelque peu la contrainte en termes de températures voisines de la température de référence. La notion de « voisines de la température de référence » tolèrera des écarts de température plus importants, par exemple jusqu'à 40°C.This correction makes it possible to relax somewhat the stress in terms of temperatures close to the reference temperature. The notion of "neighbors of the reference temperature" will tolerate larger temperature differences, for example up to 40 ° C.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, l'agrégation des mesures comprend l'application d'une régression linéaire aux mesures sélectionnées.In a particular embodiment, the aggregation of the measurements comprises the application of a linear regression to the selected measurements.

Cette régression permet de lisser la courbe des mesures de façon à s'affranchir des imprécisions de mesure ou des différences pouvant apparaître par exemple d'une mission à l'autre ou entre les différentes phases de fonctionnement.This regression makes it possible to smooth the curve of the measurements so as to overcome measurement inaccuracies or differences that may appear for example from one mission to another or between the different phases of operation.

En outre, elle peut permettre d'obtenir la consommation d'huile moyenne du moteur, donnée par le coefficient directeur de la droite obtenue après régression. Elle est réalisée sur une période plus ou moins longue (et donc sur un nombre de mesures plus ou moins importants) en fonction du type de suivi de la consommation que l'on souhaite réaliser.In addition, it can make it possible to obtain the average oil consumption of the engine, given by the steering coefficient of the straight line obtained after regression. It is carried out over a longer or shorter period (and therefore over a number of more or less important measures) depending on the type of monitoring of the consumption that one wishes to achieve.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, on compare les mesures agrégées par rapport à un seuil prédéterminé représentatif d'une consommation anormale d'huile par le moteur.In a particular embodiment, the aggregated measurements are compared with a predetermined threshold representative of an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine.

Il est ainsi possible de détecter une consommation d'huile anormale ponctuelle.It is thus possible to detect abnormal point oil consumption.

En variante, on agrège les mesures sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef et on compare les mesures agrégées avec une courbe de référence (ex. une droite) représentative d'une consommation normale d'huile par le moteur.As a variant, the measurements are aggregated over several missions of the aircraft and the aggregated measurements are compared with a reference curve (eg a straight line) representative of a normal consumption of oil by the engine.

On peut alors détecter des anomalies se manifestant à plus long terme, par exemple après plusieurs missions de l'aéronef.We can then detect anomalies occurring in the longer term, for example after several missions of the aircraft.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le procédé de surveillance selon l'invention est tel que :

  • l'obtention et la sélection des mesures sont mises en oeuvre au cours de la mission de l'aéronef ; et
  • l'agrégation des mesures et la comparaison sont mises en oeuvre par un dispositif au sol auquel les mesures sélectionnées ont été envoyées par l'aéronef.
In a particular embodiment, the monitoring method according to the invention is such that:
  • the obtaining and the selection of the measurements are implemented during the mission of the aircraft; and
  • the aggregation of the measurements and the comparison are implemented by a ground device to which the selected measurements were sent by the aircraft.

Corrélativement, dans ce mode particulier de réalisation, dans le système de surveillance selon l'invention :

  • les moyens pour obtenir la pluralité de mesures et pour sélectionner les mesures représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile sont embarqués à bord de l'aéronef ; et
  • les moyens pour agréger les mesures sélectionnées et pour comparer les mesures agrégées avec des données de référence sont intégrés dans un dispositif au sol ;
l'aéronef comprenant en outre des moyens pour envoyer les mesures sélectionnées au dispositif au sol.Correlatively, in this particular embodiment, in the monitoring system according to the invention:
  • the means for obtaining the plurality of measurements and for selecting the measurements representative of variations in the oil level are embarked on board the aircraft; and
  • the means for aggregating the selected measurements and for comparing the aggregated measurements with reference data are integrated into a ground device;
the aircraft further comprising means for sending the selected measurements to the ground device.

Cette répartition permet d'accélérer le traitement des mesures au sol et de limiter la quantité de mesures transmises en cours de mission par l'aéronef.This distribution makes it possible to speed up the processing of the ground measurements and to limit the quantity of measurements transmitted during the mission by the aircraft.

On peut également envisager, dans d'autres modes de réalisation, que le procédé et le système de surveillance selon l'invention présentent en combinaison tout ou partie des caractéristiques précitées.It can also be envisaged, in other embodiments, that the method and the monitoring system according to the invention present in combination all or part of the aforementioned characteristics.

Brèvebrief descriptiondescription desof the dessinsdrawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :

  • la figure 1 représente de façon schématique, dans son environnement, un système de surveillance conforme à l'invention dans un mode particulier de réalisation ;
  • les figures 2 et 3 représentent, sous forme d'organigrammes, les principales étapes d'un procédé de surveillance selon l'invention dans un mode particulier de réalisation dans lequel il est mis en oeuvre par le système représenté sur la figure 1 ; et
  • la figure 4 représente un exemple de surveillance du niveau d'huile conformément à l'invention par comparaison avec une droite de référence.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures:
  • the figure 1 shows schematically, in its environment, a monitoring system according to the invention in a particular embodiment;
  • the figures 2 and 3 represent, in the form of flowcharts, the main steps of a monitoring method according to the invention in a particular embodiment in which it is implemented by the system shown in FIG. figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 4 represents an example of monitoring the oil level according to the invention by comparison with a reference line.

Description détaillée d'un mode de réalisationDetailed description of an embodiment

La figure 1 représente, dans son environnement, un système de surveillance 1 du niveau d'huile contenu dans un réservoir d'un moteur d'aéronef en fonctionnement (non représenté), conforme à l'invention, dans un mode particulier de réalisation.The figure 1 represents, in its environment, a monitoring system 1 of the oil level contained in a tank of an operating aircraft engine (not shown), according to the invention, in a particular embodiment.

Le moteur d'aéronef est par exemple un turboréacteur. On notera cependant que l'invention s'applique à d'autres moteurs d'aéronef et notamment d'autres turbomachines, telles qu'à un turbopropulseur, etc.The aircraft engine is for example a turbojet engine. It will be noted, however, that the invention applies to other aircraft engines and in particular other turbomachines, such as a turboprop, etc.

Dans le mode de réalisation envisagé ici, les moyens mis en oeuvre par le système de surveillance 1 sont répartis sur deux entités, à savoir sur l'aéronef 2 propulsé par le moteur et sur un dispositif au sol 3 hébergé par exemple par la compagnie aérienne exploitant l'aéronef 2.In the embodiment envisaged here, the means implemented by the monitoring system 1 are distributed over two entities, namely on the aircraft 2 propelled by the engine and on a ground device 3 hosted for example by the airline operating the aircraft 2.

Cette hypothèse n'est cependant pas limitative, le système de surveillance 1 pouvant être embarqué uniquement à bord de l'aéronef 2 ou être intégré entièrement au niveau du dispositif au sol 3.This assumption is not, however, limiting, the surveillance system 1 being able to be embarked solely on board the aircraft 2 or to be fully integrated at the level of the device on the ground 3.

Conformément à l'invention, le système de surveillance 1 est apte à surveiller le niveau d'huile contenu dans un réservoir 21 d'un turboréacteur de l'aéronef 2.According to the invention, the monitoring system 1 is able to monitor the level of oil contained in a tank 21 of a turbojet engine of the aircraft 2.

Ce niveau d'huile est mesuré, de façon connue en soi, par un capteur résistif 22 à résolution discrète. Un tel capteur délivre une mesure discrète ayant une résolution prédéfinie (ex. 0.25 qt soit 0.27 litre). Autrement dit, tant que le niveau d'huile mesuré par le capteur 22 ne change pas d'au moins une quantité égale à la résolution du capteur, la mesure discrète délivrée par le capteur reste identique. Ainsi, on ne connaît pas précisément la mesure absolue du niveau d'huile contenu dans le réservoir 21, mais dès qu'une variation du niveau d'huile est détectée par le capteur, celle-ci est au moins égale à la résolution du capteur.This oil level is measured, in a manner known per se, by a resistive sensor 22 with a discrete resolution. Such a sensor delivers a discrete measurement having a predefined resolution (eg 0.25 qt or 0.27 liter). In other words, as long as the oil level measured by the sensor 22 does not change by at least an amount equal to the resolution of the sensor, the discrete measurement delivered by the sensor remains the same. Thus, the absolute measurement of the oil level contained in the reservoir 21 is not precisely known, but as soon as a variation of the oil level is detected by the sensor, the latter is at least equal to the resolution of the sensor. .

On notera toutefois que l'invention s'applique à d'autres types de capteurs de niveau d'huile, à résolution continue ou discrète.Note however that the invention applies to other types of oil level sensors, continuous or discrete resolution.

L'aéronef 2 est en outre équipé d'un calculateur 23, comprenant des moyens pour traiter les mesures réalisées par le capteur 22 conformément à l'invention. Ces moyens seront décrits ultérieurement en référence à la figure 2.The aircraft 2 is furthermore equipped with a computer 23, comprising means for processing the measurements made by the sensor 22. according to the invention. These means will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .

Les mesures traitées par le calculateur 23 sont envoyées au dispositif au sol 3 par des moyens de communication 24 équipant l'aéronef 2. Ces moyens 24 intègrent notamment ici une unité ACARS (Airline Communications, Addressing and Reporting System), apte à communiquer selon le standard ARINC via une liaison 4 avec le dispositif au sol 3. De tels moyens sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront pas décrits davantage ici.The measurements processed by the computer 23 are sent to the device on the ground 3 by means of communication 24 equipping the aircraft 2. These means 24 include in particular an ACARS unit (Airline Communications, Addressing and Reporting System), able to communicate according to the ARINC standard via a link 4 with the ground device 3. Such means are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described further here.

Le dispositif au sol 3 a ici l'architecture matérielle d'un ordinateur. Il comprend notamment des moyens de communication 21, incluant une unité ACARS apte à recevoir et à décoder les messages envoyés par l'aéronef 2, un processeur 32, une mémoire vive 33, une mémoire morte 34 et une mémoire non volatile 35.The ground device 3 here has the hardware architecture of a computer. It notably comprises communication means 21, including an ACARS unit able to receive and decode the messages sent by the aircraft 2, a processor 32, a random access memory 33, a read-only memory 34 and a non-volatile memory 35.

La mémoire morte 34 constitue un support d'enregistrement lisible par le processeur 32 et sur lequel est enregistré un programme d'ordinateur comportant des instructions pour l'exécution de certaines étapes du procédé de surveillance selon l'invention décrites ultérieurement en référence à la figure 3.The read-only memory 34 constitutes a recording medium readable by the processor 32 and on which is recorded a computer program comprising instructions for carrying out certain steps of the monitoring method according to the invention described later with reference to FIG. figure 3 .

Nous allons maintenant décrire, en référence aux figures 2 et 3 les principales étapes du procédé de surveillance selon l'invention, dans un mode particulier de réalisation dans lequel ces étapes sont mises en oeuvre par le système 1 représenté sur la figure 1 pour la surveillance du niveau d'huile contenu dans le réservoir 21 du turboréacteur de l'aéronef 2.We will now describe, with reference to figures 2 and 3 the main steps of the monitoring method according to the invention, in a particular embodiment in which these steps are implemented by the system 1 shown in FIG. figure 1 for monitoring the oil level contained in the tank 21 of the turbojet of the aircraft 2.

Comme mentionné précédemment, dans le mode de réalisation envisagé ici, certaines étapes du procédé de surveillance sont mises en oeuvre par l'aéronef 2, tandis que d'autres étapes sont mises en oeuvre par le dispositif au sol 3.As mentioned above, in the embodiment envisaged here, certain steps of the monitoring method are implemented by the aircraft 2, while other steps are implemented by the ground device 3.

Les étapes mises en oeuvre par l'aéronef 2 correspondent à proprement parler à l'acquisition de mesures du niveau d'huile contenu dans le réservoir 21 et à l'extraction des mesures pertinentes pour effectuer un suivi de la consommation d'huile du turboréacteur. Elles seront décrites en référence à la figure 2.The steps implemented by the aircraft 2 correspond strictly to the acquisition of measurements of the oil level contained in the tank 21 and to the extraction of the relevant measurements to monitor the oil consumption of the turbojet engine. . They will be described with reference to the figure 2 .

Les étapes mises en oeuvre par le dispositif au sol 3 seront décrites en référence à la figure 3.The steps implemented by the ground device 3 will be described with reference to the figure 3 .

En référence à la figure 2 , lors d'une mission de l'aéronef 2, le capteur 22 effectue périodiquement des mesures du niveau d'huile contenu dans le réservoir 21 du turboréacteur (étape E10).With reference to the figure 2 , During a mission of the aircraft 2, the sensor 22 periodically performs measurements of the oil level in the reservoir 21 of the turbojet engine (step E10).

Ces mesures sont mémorisées dans une mémoire du calculateur 23 (non représentée), en association d'une part avec la température de l'huile au moment de la mesure (mesurée par un capteur de température connu en soi) et d'autre part avec le régime de rotation du turboréacteur. Le régime de rotation du turboréacteur est caractérisé ici par le paramètre N2, qui désigne la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre du compresseur haute pression du turboréacteur.These measurements are stored in a memory of the computer 23 (not shown), in combination on the one hand with the temperature of the oil at the time of the measurement (measured by a known temperature sensor) and on the other hand with the rotational speed of the turbojet engine. The rotational speed of the turbojet engine is characterized here by the parameter N2, which designates the speed of rotation of the high pressure compressor shaft of the turbojet engine.

En variante, le régime de rotation peut être caractérisé par d'autres paramètres de fonctionnement du turboréacteur, comme par exemple le paramètre N1 qui désigne la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre du compresseur basse pression du turboréacteur.Alternatively, the rotational speed can be characterized by other operating parameters of the turbojet, such as for example the parameter N1 which designates the rotational speed of the low-pressure compressor shaft of the turbojet engine.

On notera que dans l'exemple envisagé ici, le capteur 22 étant un capteur discret, la mesure qu'il délivre peut rester la même pendant une longue période (ex. une heure) si les facteurs qui influencent le niveau d'huile dans le réservoir ne varient pas. On désigne ici par segment un ensemble de mesures consécutives identiques délivrées par le capteur 22. Aussi, afin de limiter la quantité de mémoire nécessaire pour stocker les mesures délivrées par le capteur, il est suffisant de mémoriser, pour chaque segment, la valeur du niveau d'huile mesurée par le capteur 22 sur ce segment, le début du segment et sa durée, les températures d'huile minimale et maximale atteintes sur ce segment, et les régimes de rotation correspondant.Note that in the example envisaged here, the sensor 22 being a discrete sensor, the measurement it delivers can remain the same for a long time (eg one hour) if the factors that influence the oil level in the tank do not vary. Here, the term "segment" refers to a set of identical consecutive measurements delivered by the sensor 22. Also, in order to limit the amount of memory necessary to store the measurements delivered by the sensor, it is sufficient to memorize, for each segment, the value of the level oil measured by the sensor 22 on this segment, the beginning of the segment and its duration, the minimum and maximum oil temperatures reached on this segment, and the corresponding rotational speeds.

En variante, toutes les mesures relevées par le capteur 22 peuvent être mémorisées.Alternatively, all measurements taken by the sensor 22 can be stored.

En parallèle de l'acquisition des mesures de niveau d'huile, du régime de rotation et de la température de l'huile, une extraction des mesures pertinentes est mise en oeuvre conformément à l'invention. Cette extraction est menée au fur et à mesure de la mission de l'aéronef afin d'une part d'optimiser les temps de traitement des mesures et d'autre part de limiter la quantité de mesures stockées.In parallel with the acquisition of the oil level measurements, the rotational speed and the temperature of the oil, an extraction of the relevant measurements is carried out in accordance with the invention. This extraction is carried out as and when the mission of the aircraft in order firstly to optimize the processing times of the measurements and secondly to limit the quantity of stored measurements.

Cette extraction consiste à filtrer les mesures afin de ne sélectionner que les mesures pertinentes permettant d'évaluer la consommation d'huile du turboréacteur et de détecter une consommation anormale.This extraction consists in filtering the measurements in order to select only the relevant measurements allowing to evaluate the oil consumption of the turbojet and detect abnormal consumption.

De cette sorte, on limite également avantageusement la quantité de données envoyées au dispositif au sol 3 via la liaison ACARS 4.In this way, it is also advantageous to limit the amount of data sent to the ground device 3 via the ACARS link 4.

Les traitements permettant d'extraire les mesures pertinentes pouvant différer en fonction de la phase du vol durant laquelle les mesures ont été effectuées, on identifie dans un premier temps la phase du vol dans laquelle se trouve l'aéronef (ex. moteur à l'arrêt, démarrage, taxi avant décollage, décollage, montée, croisière, descente, taxi après atterrissage, arrêt du moteur, etc.) (étape E20).The treatments making it possible to extract the relevant measurements that can differ according to the phase of the flight during which the measurements were made, we first identify the phase of the flight in which the aircraft is located (eg engine with the stopping, starting, taxi before take-off, take-off, climb, cruise, descent, taxi after landing, stopping the engine, etc.) (step E20).

Les phases du vol peuvent être identifiées en fonction du régime de rotation du turboréacteur et notamment des paramètres N1 et/ou N2 mentionnés précédemment, ainsi que de la phase de vol précédente. En outre, une machine à états temporisés peut être utilisée pour suivre un gabarit de régime moteur.The phases of the flight can be identified according to the rotational speed of the turbojet and in particular the parameters N1 and / or N2 mentioned above, as well as the previous flight phase. In addition, a timed state machine may be used to follow a motor speed gauge.

Dans le mode de réalisation envisagé ici, seules les mesures du niveau d'huile réalisées pendant la phase taxi (avant décollage et après atterrissage) et pendant la phase croisière sont utilisées pour estimer la consommation d'huile du turboréacteur (étape E30).In the embodiment envisaged here, only the oil level measurements made during the taxi phase (before take-off and after landing) and during the cruise phase are used to estimate the oil consumption of the turbojet engine (step E30).

Les autres mesures ne sont pas considérées comme pertinentes (étape E40).Other measures are not considered relevant (step E40).

Nous allons maintenant décrire dans un premier temps, les traitements envisagés pour extraire les mesures pertinentes relevées pendant la phase taxi. Le choix de ces traitements résulte d'observations faites par les inventeurs en analysant des données brutes récoltées au cours de vols réels d'avion.We will now describe, first, the treatments envisaged to extract the relevant measures found during the taxi phase. The choice of these treatments results from observations made by the inventors by analyzing raw data collected during actual flights of aircraft.

Ainsi, il a été notamment observé que lors des phases de taxi, le régime de rotation du turboréacteur (caractérisé ici par le paramètre N2) se situe à environ 60% de son régime maximum, et présente des pics plus élevés lorsque le pilote de l'aéronef accélère. Lors d'un pic du paramètre N2, le niveau d'huile dans le réservoir 21 baisse légèrement après l'accélération avant de remonter à son niveau avant accélération quelques secondes après le retour à un régime de rotation normal. Les mesures réalisées pendant un pic du paramètre N2 ne sont donc pas représentatives de la consommation réelle en huile du turboréacteur.Thus, it has been observed in particular that during taxi phases, the rotation speed of the turbojet engine (here characterized by the parameter N2) is approximately 60% of its maximum speed, and has higher peaks when the pilot of the aircraft accelerates. During a peak of the parameter N2, the oil level in the tank 21 drops slightly after acceleration before returning to its level before acceleration a few seconds after returning to a normal rotation. The measurements made during a peak of the parameter N2 are therefore not representative of the actual oil consumption of the turbojet engine.

Afin d'éliminer les mesures de niveaux d'huile correspondant à une phase d'accélération de l'aéronef, on définit un régime de rotation de référence du turboréacteur, noté N2Ref, correspondant au régime de rotation le plus couramment rencontré au cours de la mission de l'aéronef. Par exemple, N2Ref est pris égal à environ 60% du régime maximum du turboréacteur.In order to eliminate the oil level measurements corresponding to an acceleration phase of the aircraft, a reference rotational speed of the turbojet engine, denoted N2Ref, corresponding to the rotation regime most commonly encountered during the first phase, is defined. mission of the aircraft. For example, N2Ref is taken as equal to about 60% of the maximum speed of the turbojet engine.

Puis on identifie parmi les mesures transmises par le capteur 22 celles qui sont représentatives d'une variation du niveau d'huile et qui sont associées à un paramètre N2 voisin du régime de rotation de référence N2Ref (étape E50). De cette sorte, on exclut tous les segments correspondant à des pics élevés du paramètre N2 et qui ne sont pas pertinents pour suivre la consommation d'huile du turboréacteur. On se place ainsi à iso-conditions en termes de régime de rotation du turboréacteur.Then, among the measurements transmitted by the sensor 22, there are identified those which are representative of a variation of the oil level and which are associated with a parameter N2 close to the reference rotation speed N2Ref (step E50). In this way, all the segments corresponding to high peaks of the parameter N2 are excluded and which are not relevant for monitoring the oil consumption of the turbojet engine. We thus place ourselves at iso-conditions in terms of rotational speed of the turbojet engine.

Un second traitement appliqué aux mesures réalisées par le capteur 22 durant la phase taxi consiste à exclure les mesures aberrantes, c'est-à-dire, les mesures qui ne correspondent pas à proprement parler à une réalité physique mais qui proviennent d'erreurs de mesure (étape E60). A cette fin, on exclut notamment les mesures du niveau d'huile supérieures à un niveau d'huile limite prédéterminé (ex. à la contenance du réservoir 21), ainsi que les mesures représentatives de variations du niveau d'huile supérieures à une variation limite prédéterminée (ex. supérieure à 2 ou 3 fois la résolution du capteur, les variations du niveau d'huile étant généralement égales à la résolution du capteur en phase taxi).A second treatment applied to the measurements made by the sensor 22 during the taxi phase consists in excluding the aberrant measurements, that is to say, the measurements which do not correspond strictly to a physical reality but which come from errors of measure (step E60). For this purpose, it is particularly possible to exclude oil level measurements above a predetermined limit oil level (eg the capacity of the tank 21), as well as measurements representative of oil level variations greater than a variation. predetermined limit (eg greater than 2 or 3 times the resolution of the sensor, the variations of the oil level being generally equal to the resolution of the sensor in the taxi phase).

Enfin, au cours de l'étape E60, on exclut également les mesures correspondant à des segments de courte durée, inférieure à une durée limite prédéterminée. Ce traitement a pour but d'exclure les variations du niveau d'huile dues à des virages entrepris par le pilote de l'aéronef ou à de brusques coups de frein : ceux-ci se traduisent en effet par une accélération ou une décélération de la vitesse du moteur par rapport au sol, provoquant ainsi une inclinaison momentanée de la surface d'huile dans le réservoir.Finally, during step E60, measurements corresponding to segments of short duration shorter than a predetermined limit duration are also excluded. This treatment is intended to exclude oil level variations due to bends made by the pilot of the aircraft or to sudden braking: they result in an acceleration or deceleration of the aircraft. motor speed relative to the ground, thus causing a momentary inclination of the oil surface in the tank.

Ainsi, à l'issue de l'étape E60, seules les mesures correspondant à des variations du niveau d'huile dues à des changements de température sont conservées.Thus, at the end of step E60, only the measurements corresponding to changes in the oil level due to changes in temperature are retained.

Afin de se placer à iso-conditions en termes de température, on sélectionne alors les mesures associées à une température d'huile voisine d'une température de référence TRef prédéterminée (étape E70).In order to set iso-conditions in terms of temperature, the measurements associated with an oil temperature close to a predetermined reference temperature TRef (step E70) are then selected.

On choisit préférentiellement comme température de référence TRef, une température la plus couramment atteinte par l'huile contenue dans le réservoir 21, par exemple 100°C.The temperature most commonly reached by the oil contained in the reservoir 21, for example 100 ° C., is preferably chosen as the reference temperature TRef.

Différents critères pourront être appliqués pour estimer qu'une température d'huile est « voisine de » la température de référence TRef. Par exemple, on pourra s'assurer que la température associée à la mesure se trouve dans un intervalle [Tref-α ; Tref+β] défini autour de la température de référence TRef, α et β désignant des nombres réels positifs ou nuls dépendant notamment de la température TRef (ex. TRef=100°C et α=β=4°C).Different criteria may be applied to estimate that an oil temperature is "close to" the reference temperature TRef. For example, we can ensure that the temperature associated with the measurement is in an interval [Tref-α; Tref + β] defined around the reference temperature TRef, α and β denoting positive or zero real numbers depending in particular on the temperature TRef (eg TRef = 100 ° C and α = β = 4 ° C).

On notera que des valeurs plus élevées de α et β pourront être envisagées moyennant une correction du niveau d'huile détaillée ultérieurement et effectuée lors du traitement par le dispositif au sol 3.It will be noted that higher values of α and β may be envisaged by means of a correction of the detailed oil level which is subsequently carried out during the treatment by the device on the ground 3.

Dans l'exemple envisagé ici où des segments correspondant à des mesures identiques de niveau d'huile sont stockés, on sélectionne de préférence au cours de l'étape E70 les segments dont les températures minimale et maximale associées se trouvent de part et d'autre de la température de référence. En variante, on peut également sélectionner les segments dont les températures minimale et maximale sont relativement proches de la température de référence, c'est-à-dire inférieures ou supérieures d'un écart prédéterminé de l'ordre de quelques degrés Celsius.In the example envisaged here where segments corresponding to identical measurements of oil level are stored, is preferably selected in step E70 the segments whose minimum and maximum temperatures associated are on both sides of the reference temperature. Alternatively, one can also select the segments whose minimum and maximum temperatures are relatively close to the reference temperature, that is to say, lower or higher by a predetermined difference of the order of a few degrees Celsius.

Bien entendu, d'autres traitements visant à réduire le nombre de mesures envoyées au dispositif au sol 3 pourront être envisagés : un compromis entre la pertinence des mesures envoyées, le nombre de mesures nécessaires pour une estimation fiable de la consommation d'huile et la quantité d'information transmise au dispositif au sol 3 devra être considéré.Of course, other treatments aimed at reducing the number of measurements sent to the ground device 3 could be envisaged: a compromise between the relevance of the measurements sent, the number of measurements necessary for a reliable estimate of the oil consumption and the the amount of information transmitted to the ground device 3 should be considered.

Les mesures de niveau d'huile sélectionnées à l'étape E70 sont alors transmises aux moyens de communication 31 du dispositif au sol 3 par les moyens de communication 24 de l'aéronef 2, via la liaison ACARS 4 (étape E80).The oil level measurements selected in step E70 are then transmitted to the communication means 31 of the ground device 3 by the communication means 24 of the aircraft 2, via the ACARS link 4 (step E80).

A cette fin, les mesures de niveau d'huile (i.e. ici les segments sélectionnés) sont codées par exemple dans des messages conformes au standard ARINC, connu de l'homme du métier. Chaque mesure est associée dans ce message à la température d'huile correspondante et à la phase du vol pendant laquelle elle a été réalisée (ici phase taxi ou croisière). En variante, d'autres standards que le standard ARINC peuvent être utilisés pour coder les messages.For this purpose, the oil level measurements (ie here the selected segments) are coded for example in messages conforming to the standard ARINC, known to those skilled in the art. Each measurement is associated in this message with the corresponding oil temperature and the phase of the flight during which it was carried out (here phase taxi or cruise). Alternatively, other standards than the ARINC standard may be used to encode the messages.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, on envisage des traitements similaires pour extraire les mesures pertinentes relevées pendant la phase de croisière aux traitements envisagés pendant la phase taxi : ainsi les étapes E50 à E80 sont reproduites pour les mesures transmises par le capteur 22 durant la phase de croisière. On notera toutefois que la phase de croisière étant une phase relativement stable en termes de régime de rotation du turboréacteur, ces traitements se résument essentiellement à exclure les mesures correspondant à des variations de courte durée et à sélectionner les mesures associées à une température voisines de la température de référence.In the embodiment described here, similar treatments are envisaged to extract the relevant measurements taken during the cruise phase from the treatments envisaged during the taxi phase: thus the steps E50 to E80 are reproduced for the measurements transmitted by the sensor 22 during the cruise phase. However, it should be noted that since the cruise phase is a relatively stable phase in terms of the rotation speed of the turbojet, these processes essentially boil down to excluding the measurements corresponding to short-term variations and to selecting the measurements associated with a temperature close to the reference temperature.

En variante, d'autres traitements spécifiques à la phase de croisière pourraient être envisagés, tels que par exemple une caractérisation statistique (ex. moyenne, écart type, valeurs minimale et maximale) du régime de rotation pour chaque segment ou une correction du niveau d'huile en fonction de la température par rapport à la température de référence.Alternatively, other treatments specific to the cruise phase could be envisaged, such as for example a statistical characterization (eg average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values) of the rotational speed for each segment or a correction of the level of rotation. oil as a function of temperature compared to the reference temperature.

Les étapes E10 à E80 sont répétées au cours de chaque mission de l'aéronef.Steps E10 to E80 are repeated during each mission of the aircraft.

Nous allons maintenant décrire, en référence à la figure 3, les étapes du procédé de surveillance mises en oeuvre par le dispositif au sol 3.We will now describe, with reference to the figure 3 , the steps of the monitoring method implemented by the ground device 3.

Comme mentionné précédemment, ces étapes consistent essentiellement à agréger les mesures envoyées par l'aéronef 2 au cours d'une ou de plusieurs missions, et à déterminer la consommation d'huile du turboréacteur en fonction des mesures ainsi agrégées afin de détecter notamment une consommation anormale.As mentioned above, these steps consist essentially of aggregating the measurements sent by the aircraft 2 during one or more missions, and to determine the oil consumption of the turbojet engine according to the measurements thus aggregated in order to detect in particular a consumption abnormal.

Par agréger on entend ici réunir les mesures de façon à former un ensemble unique de points (ex. une courbe) cohérent et représentatif de l'évolution réelle du niveau d'huile du réservoir au cours des missions.Aggregating here means gathering the measurements in such a way as to form a single set of points (eg a curve) that is coherent and representative of the actual evolution of the oil level of the reservoir during the missions.

Ainsi, les mesures obtenues sur une mission lors des phases taxi avant décollage et taxi après atterrissage et lors de la phase croisière sont ordonnées chronologiquement.Thus, the measurements obtained on a mission during taxi phases before take-off and taxi after landing and during the cruise phase are ordered chronologically.

En revanche, la façon dont les mesures obtenues sur des missions distinctes de l'aéronef sont agrégées peut différer en fonction du type de suivi envisagé (par exemple moyenné sur plusieurs vols, ou journalier, hebdomadaire, mensuel, etc.). Ainsi, l'agrégation pourra consister notamment à moyenner les mesures relevées au cours d'une mission afin d'obtenir un niveau d'huile moyen sur la mission, ou à ordonner chronologiquement les mesures obtenues sur différentes missions afin d'évaluer l'évolution du niveau d'huile au cours de plusieurs missions successives de l'aéronef.On the other hand, the way in which the measurements obtained on separate missions of the aircraft are aggregated may differ according to the type of monitoring envisaged (for example averaged over several flights, or daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). Thus, the aggregation may consist in particular of averaging the measurements taken during a mission in order to obtain an average oil level on the mission, or to chronologically order the measurements obtained on different missions in order to evaluate the evolution oil level during several successive missions of the aircraft.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, on souhaite évaluer l'évolution du niveau d'huile au cours de plusieurs missions successives de l'aéronef. Le nombre de missions agrégées pour le suivi diffère en fonction de la nature du suivi attendu, i.e. selon s'il s'agit d'un suivi journalier, hebdomadaire, mensuel, etc. Plus le nombre de missions considérées est grand, plus le diagnostic résultant de l'analyse de l'évolution du niveau d'huile sera précis et permettra d'identifier des phénomènes lents conduisant à une consommation anormale d'huile par le moteur. Au contraire, un suivi réalisé sur un nombre de missions faible permettra de détecter des phénomènes rapides.In the embodiment described here, it is desired to evaluate the evolution of the oil level during several successive missions of the aircraft. The number of aggregated missions for follow-up differs according to the nature of the expected follow-up, i.e. according to whether it is daily, weekly, monthly, etc. The greater the number of missions considered, the more precise the diagnosis resulting from the analysis of the evolution of the oil level will be and will identify slow phenomena leading to an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine. On the contrary, a monitoring carried out on a low number of missions will make it possible to detect fast phenomena.

Pour agréger les mesures sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef, on procède ici en deux temps :

  • agrégation sur chaque mission des mesures sélectionnées lors de la phase taxi (avant décollage et après atterrissage) et de la phase croisière et reçues par les moyens de communication 31 du dispositif au sol 3 (étapes F10 et F30) ; puis
  • agrégation sur plusieurs missions.
To aggregate the measurements on several missions of the aircraft, one proceeds here in two stages:
  • aggregating on each mission the measurements selected during the taxi phase (before take-off and after landing) and the cruise phase and received by the communication means 31 of the device on the ground 3 (steps F10 and F30); then
  • aggregation on several missions.

Plus précisément, pour chaque mission de l'aéronef, suite à la réception des mesures sélectionnées pour la phase taxi (étape F10), on détermine tout d'abord si certaines de ces mesures nécessitent une correction du fait de l'existence d'une différence entre les températures d'huile associées à ces mesures et la température de référence (étape F20).More specifically, for each mission of the aircraft, following receipt of the selected measurements for the taxi phase (step F10), it is first determined if some of these measures require a correction due to the existence of a difference between the oil temperatures associated with these measurements and the reference temperature (step F20).

En effet, comme mentionné précédemment, au cours de l'étape E70 on a pu tolérer des écarts plus ou moins importants par rapport à la température de référence TRef. Notamment, des écarts plus importants (par exemple de l'ordre de 30°C) ont pu être envisagés lorsqu'aucune des températures associées aux mesures relevées par le capteur 22 n'est égale ou quasiment égale à la température de référence.Indeed, as mentioned above, during the step E70 it was possible to tolerate more or less significant deviations from the reference temperature TRef. In particular, larger deviations (for example of the order of 30 ° C.) could be envisaged when none of the temperatures associated with the measurements recorded by the sensor 22 is equal to or almost equal to the reference temperature.

L'écart de températures toléré est bien entendu prédéfini et dépend de la correction pouvant être apportée par le dispositif au sol 3. Cette correction est effectuée ici grâce à un modèle simple, déterminé de façon empirique, qui associe à un écart ΔT de température par rapport à la température de référence TRef, un écart ΔQ de niveau d'huile. Par exemple : ΔQ =0.0341417 × ΔT. Bien entendu, d'autres modèles peuvent être envisagés.The temperature difference tolerated is of course predefined and depends on the correction that can be made by the device in the ground 3. This correction is carried out here thanks to a simple model, determined empirically, which associates with a temperature difference ΔT by relative to the reference temperature TRef, a difference ΔQ of oil level. For example: ΔQ = 0.0341417 × ΔT. Of course, other models can be considered.

Le dispositif au sol 3 corrige les mesures concernées en leur ajoutant un écart ΔQ déterminé selon le modèle, en fonction de l'écart de température ΔT qu'elles présentent par rapport à la température de référence.The ground device 3 corrects the measurements concerned by adding a deviation ΔQ determined according to the model, as a function of the temperature difference ΔT that they have with respect to the reference temperature.

Après avoir réalisé cette correction, le dispositif au sol 3 classe, pour la mission considérée, les mesures sélectionnées (et éventuellement corrigées) pour la phase taxi et les mesures sélectionnées pour la phase de croisière dans l'ordre chronologique (étape F40). On obtient ainsi l'évolution du niveau d'huile du réservoir 21 pour chaque mission de l'aéronef.After making this correction, the ground device 3 classifies, for the mission in question, the measurements selected (and possibly corrected) for the taxi phase and the measurements selected for the cruise phase in chronological order (step F40). This gives the evolution of the oil level of the tank 21 for each mission of the aircraft.

Dans une variante de réalisation, on applique en outre une régression linéaire aux mesures ainsi ordonnées afin de lisser la courbe obtenue.In an alternative embodiment, a linear regression is also applied to the measurements thus ordered in order to smooth the curve obtained.

Les mesures classées chronologiquement sur chaque mission sont alors agrégées sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef (étape F40), c'est-à-dire ici, classées dans l'ordre des missions successives de l'aéronef.The measurements classified chronologically on each mission are then aggregated on several missions of the aircraft (step F40), that is to say here, classified in the order of the successive missions of the aircraft.

Selon le nombre de missions considérées lors de l'agrégation des mesures, la courbe obtenue peut présenter des « décrochements », c'est-à-dire des variations brusques du niveau d'huile entre deux missions successives de l'aéronef. Ces décrochements correspondent essentiellement à des remplissages du réservoir 21 entre deux missions successives de l'aéronef.Depending on the number of missions considered during the aggregation of measurements, the curve obtained may have "recesses", that is to say, sudden changes in the oil level between two successive missions of the aircraft. These recesses essentially correspond to fills of the tank 21 between two successive missions of the aircraft.

Ainsi, afin de permettre une analyse correcte de la consommation d'huile du moteur, le dispositif au sol 3 détecte ces remplissages du réservoir 21 (étape F50). Pour cela il compare les variations du niveau d'huile apparaissant à la jonction entre deux missions successives de l'aéronef avec un seuil prédéterminé afin de détecter les variations brusques.Thus, in order to allow a correct analysis of the oil consumption of the engine, the ground device 3 detects these fills of the tank 21 (step F50). For this, it compares the oil level variations appearing at the junction between two successive missions of the aircraft with a predetermined threshold to detect sudden changes.

En outre, le dispositif au sol 3 compense ici ces remplissages afin de s'affranchir de leur influence sur l'évolution du niveau d'huile. Cette compensation est réalisée en soustrayant la quantité d'huile ajoutée lors du remplissage du réservoir. Elle permet « d'aligner » les mesures agrégées sur les différentes phases et sur les différentes missions de l'aéronef.In addition, the ground device 3 here compensates for these fillings in order to overcome their influence on the evolution of the oil level. This compensation is achieved by subtracting the amount of oil added when filling the tank. It allows to "align" the aggregated measurements on the various phases and on the different missions of the aircraft.

A l'issue de cette compensation, on obtient un ensemble C de mesures agrégées représentant l'évolution du niveau d'huile (hors remplissages de réservoir) sur plusieurs missions successives de l'aéronef. Un exemple d'un tel ensemble est représenté en pointillés sur la figure 4 (ensemble de points C).At the end of this compensation, we obtain a set C of aggregated measurements representing the evolution of the oil level (excluding tank fillings) on several successive missions of the aircraft. An example of such an assembly is shown in dotted lines on the figure 4 (set of points C).

Une régression linéaire, appliquée sur les points de l'ensemble C permet d'obtenir la consommation d'huile moyenne du turboréacteur sur les missions considérées. Cette consommation moyenne est donnée par le coefficient directeur de la droite CRef obtenue après régression linéaire (représentée sur la figure 4). Le résidu de la régression et le nombre de points permettent de déterminer la qualité de la consommation ainsi estimée.A linear regression applied to the points of the set C makes it possible to obtain the average oil consumption of the turbojet engine on the missions considered. This average consumption is given by the coefficient of direction of the line CRef obtained after linear regression (represented on the figure 4 ). The residual of the regression and the number of points make it possible to determine the quality of the consumption thus estimated.

Cette consommation moyenne peut alors être comparée à un ou plusieurs seuils de référence, correspondant respectivement par exemple à la consommation d'huile minimale et à la consommation d'huile maximale tolérées pour le moteur. De tels seuils sont fournis par le fabricant du moteur.This average consumption can then be compared with one or more reference thresholds, corresponding for example to the minimum oil consumption and the maximum oil consumption tolerated for the engine. Such thresholds are provided by the engine manufacturer.

Dans l'exemple envisagé ici, l'ensemble de points C est en outre comparé à la droite CRef (étape F60). On entend, au cours de cette comparaison, détecter une rupture d'alignement des points de l'ensemble C par rapport à la consommation moyenne du moteur, rupture souvent symptomatique d'une anomalie dans la consommation d'huile.In the example envisaged here, the set of points C is furthermore compared with the line CRef (step F60). In the course of this comparison, it is intended to detect a break in the alignment of the points of the set C with respect to the average consumption of the engine, a rupture that is often symptomatic of an anomaly in the oil consumption.

La droite CRef constitue une courbe de référence au sens de l'invention représentative d'une évolution normale de la consommation d'huile par le moteur. En effet, de manière générale, la consommation d'huile d'un moteur varie peu. Aussi, un écart par rapport à la droite CRef permet de diagnostiquer une consommation anormale d'huile par le moteur (étape F70).The line CRef constitutes a reference curve in the sense of the invention representative of a normal evolution of the consumption of oil by the engine. In fact, in general, the oil consumption of an engine varies little. Also, a deviation from the right CRef makes it possible to diagnose an abnormal consumption of oil by the engine (step F70).

A titre d'exemple, le décrochement 5 représenté sur la figure 4 est identifié par l'invention comme représentatif d'une consommation anormale. Une investigation plus avancée permettra de déterminer s'il s'agit d'une réelle anomalie dans la consommation d'huile du moteur ou d'un défaut de mesure si l'écart par rapport à la courbe de référence n'est pas confirmé dans le temps.By way of example, the recess 5 represented on the figure 4 is identified by the invention as representative of abnormal consumption. A more advanced investigation will determine whether it is a real anomaly in the engine oil consumption or a measurement fault if the deviation from the reference curve is not confirmed in the weather.

En variante, d'autres données de référence peuvent être comparées à la courbe des mesures agrégées selon le type d'anomalies que l'on souhaite détecter. Par exemple, on peut comparer la droite Cref obtenue par régression linéaire sur les points de l'ensemble C avec une droite obtenue par régression linéaire sur des mesures agrégées au cours de missions passées. Une rupture dans les coefficients directeurs de ces droites est alors symptomatique d'une anomalie dans la consommation d'huile.Alternatively, other reference data can be compared to the aggregate measurement curve according to the type of anomalies that are to be detected. For example, we can compare the line Cref obtained by linear regression on the points of the set C with a line obtained by linear regression on aggregated measurements during past missions. A break in the directing coefficients of these lines is then symptomatic of an anomaly in oil consumption.

En outre, dans le mode de réalisation envisagé ici, l'agrégation des mesures sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef consiste en un classement par ordre chronologique des mesures sélectionnées pour les diverses missions.In addition, in the embodiment envisaged here, the aggregation of the measurements on several missions of the aircraft consists in a chronological classification of the measures selected for the various missions.

En variante, le suivi peut consister à évaluer le niveau d'huile moyen dans le réservoir 21 (la moyenne étant réalisée sur plusieurs missions de l'aéronef). Une régression linéaire peut alors être appliquée sur les mesures agrégées pour estimer la consommation d'huile par le moteur sur la mission. Le résidu de la régression et le nombre de points permettent de déterminer la qualité de la consommation ainsi estimée.Alternatively, the monitoring may consist of evaluating the average oil level in the tank 21 (the average being performed on several missions of the aircraft). A linear regression can then be applied to aggregate measurements to estimate the engine's oil consumption on the mission. The residual of the regression and the number of points make it possible to determine the quality of the consumption thus estimated.

On peut également, dans une autre variante, comparer le niveau d'huile moyen sur une mission par rapport à des seuils de référence représentatifs d'un niveau d'huile normal dans le réservoir 21, etc.It is also possible, in another variant, to compare the average oil level on a mission with reference thresholds representative of a normal oil level in the tank 21, etc.

On pourra également améliorer avantageusement le diagnostic en comparant le suivi de la consommation sur plusieurs moteurs d'un même aéronef. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, on imputera une variation de la consommation d'un même ordre de grandeur constatée sur les différents moteurs aux conditions de vol, tandis qu'une évolution constatée sur un seul moteur sera considérée comme symptomatique d'une anomalie dans la consommation d'huile.The diagnosis can also be advantageously improved by comparing the monitoring of consumption on several engines of the same aircraft. Thus, by way of example, a variation of the consumption of the same order of magnitude will be imputed on the different flight conditions, while a single-engine evolution is considered to be symptomatic of an anomaly in oil consumption.

Par ailleurs, dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, on détecte une consommation anormale d'huile en comparant l'évolution du niveau d'huile sur plusieurs missions successives de l'aéronef avec une courbe de référence. En variante, on peut estimer la consommation d'huile en effectuant une différence entre deux mesures successives du niveau d'huile agrégées pour comparer directement la consommation d'huile avec une consommation d'huile de référence.Moreover, in the embodiment described here, an abnormal consumption of oil is detected by comparing the evolution of the oil level on several successive missions of the aircraft with a reference curve. Alternatively, the oil consumption can be estimated by making a difference between two successive aggregated oil level measurements to directly compare the oil consumption with a reference oil consumption.

Claims (13)

  1. A method of monitoring the level of oil contained in a tank (21) of an aircraft engine, the method comprising:
    · for at least two predetermined operating stages of the engine, during at least one mission of the aircraft:
    · obtaining (E10) a plurality of measurements of an oil level of the tank, each measurement being associated with an oil temperature and with an engine speed of rotation; and
    · selecting (E50-E70) measurements representative of oil level variations and associated with oil temperatures that are close to a reference temperature and with engine speeds of rotation that are close to a reference speed of rotation;
    · aggregating (F40) the measurements selected over the operating stages and during said at least one mission of the aircraft; and
    · comparing (F60) the aggregated measurements with reference data in order to identify (F70) abnormal oil consumption of the engine.
  2. A monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the two predetermined operating stages of the engine correspond to a taxiing stage and to a cruising stage in the mission of the aircraft (E30).
  3. A monitoring method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, when selecting measurements, measurements that are representative of oil level variations that appear over a duration shorter than a predetermined limit duration are excluded (E60).
  4. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, when selecting measurements, oil level measurements greater than a predetermined limit oil level are excluded (E60).
  5. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, when selecting measurements, measurements representative of oil level variations greater than a predetermined limit variation are excluded (E60).
  6. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein measurement aggregation includes detecting (F50) at least one filling of the tank between two successive missions of the aircraft.
  7. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein measurement aggregation includes correcting (F30) at least one oil level measurement as a function of a difference that exists between the oil temperature associated with the measurement and the reference temperature.
  8. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein measurement aggregation includes applying linear regression to the measurements.
  9. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aggregated measurements are compared relative to a predetermined threshold representative of abnormal consumption of oil by the engine.
  10. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein measurements are aggregated (F40) over a plurality of missions of the aircraft, and the aggregated measurements are compared (F60) with a reference curve representative of normal consumption of oil by the engine.
  11. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein:
    · measurements are obtained (E10) and selected (E30-E50) during the mission of the aircraft (2); and
    · measurements are aggregated (F20-F50) and compared (F60) by a device (3) on the ground to which the selected measurements have been sent.
  12. A monitoring system (1) for monitoring the oil level contained in a tank (21) of an aeroengine, the system comprising:
    · means that are activated for at least two predetermined operating stages of the engine during at least one mission of the aircraft:
    · to obtain a plurality of measurements of an oil level of the tank, each measurement being associated with an oil temperature and with an engine speed of rotation; and
    · to select measurements representative of oil level variations, which measurements are associated with oil temperatures close to a reference temperature and with engine speeds of rotation that are close to a reference speed of rotation;
    · means for aggregating the measurements selected over the operating stages and during said at least one mission of the aircraft; and
    · means for comparing the aggregated measurements with reference data in order to identify abnormal oil consumption of the engine.
  13. A monitoring system according to claim 12, wherein:
    · the means for obtaining a plurality of measurements and for selecting the measurements representative of oil level variations are on board the aircraft (2); and
    · the means for aggregating the selected measurements and for comparing the aggregated measurements with reference data are incorporated in a device (3) on the ground;
    the aircraft further including means for sending the selected measurements to the device on the ground.
EP11730375.0A 2010-04-19 2011-04-14 Method and system for monitoring the level of oil contained in a tank of an aircraft engine Active EP2561193B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1052954A FR2958911B1 (en) 2010-04-19 2010-04-19 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE OIL LEVEL CONTAINED IN A RESERVOIR OF AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE
PCT/FR2011/050854 WO2011131892A1 (en) 2010-04-19 2011-04-14 Method and system for monitoring the level of oil contained in a tank of an aircraft engine

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EP2561193B1 true EP2561193B1 (en) 2015-09-30

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BR112012026634A2 (en) 2016-07-12
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US20130218399A1 (en) 2013-08-22
CA2796739C (en) 2017-10-17
EP2561193A1 (en) 2013-02-27
CN102859133B (en) 2015-07-01
CA2796739A1 (en) 2011-10-27
FR2958911A1 (en) 2011-10-21
FR2958911B1 (en) 2012-04-27
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WO2011131892A1 (en) 2011-10-27
BR112012026634B1 (en) 2020-12-22

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