EP2551369B1 - Method for producing a localised diffusion coating and reactor for same - Google Patents

Method for producing a localised diffusion coating and reactor for same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2551369B1
EP2551369B1 EP12005135.4A EP12005135A EP2551369B1 EP 2551369 B1 EP2551369 B1 EP 2551369B1 EP 12005135 A EP12005135 A EP 12005135A EP 2551369 B1 EP2551369 B1 EP 2551369B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
protective gas
diffusion layer
reactor
gas stream
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EP12005135.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2551369A1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Walter
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C21/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, not provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C19/00
    • B05C21/005—Masking devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/04—Diffusion into selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
    • C23C10/32—Chromising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/38—Chromising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/38—Chromising
    • C23C10/40—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/44—Siliconising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/44—Siliconising
    • C23C10/46—Siliconising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/48—Aluminising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/48—Aluminising
    • C23C10/50—Aluminising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and to a corresponding reactor for this purpose.
  • Diffusion layers in which metals such as aluminum, silicon or chromium are diffused into the surface area of a metallic component such as a turbine blade, are known for forming protective layers.
  • metals such as aluminum, silicon or chromium are diffused into the surface area of a metallic component such as a turbine blade
  • aluminizing or aluminizing, siliconizing and chromizing that component sections which are not to be provided with a corresponding diffusion layer can only be protected with difficulty from the undesired formation of a diffusion layer.
  • Proposals for measures to protect the component surface against the formation of diffusion layers are for example in the DE 43 44 061 C1 and the DE 103 47 363 A1 described.
  • the DE 43 44 061 C1 suggests providing the component with two layers in the areas in which no aluminizing or chromating should take place, namely a first layer, which is designed as a separating layer and a second layer, which is designed as a getter layer for reaction gases.
  • the first layer can be a slip cast layer made of oxide-ceramic particles with a low-carbon and holgenid-free binder
  • the second layer can be a metal layer or a metallic slip cast layer.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that component areas which should not be provided with a diffusion layer can be protected by means of a protective gas jet, provided that a sufficient amount of protective gas or a sufficient flow of protective gas is provided with a suitable protective gas jet pressure.
  • a protective gas jet provides a sufficient amount of protective gas or a sufficient flow of protective gas.
  • This is for example by using a nozzle device for forming a directed protective gas jet is possible, which can be aimed specifically at the areas of the component not to be provided with the diffusion layer, so that the transport processes required for the formation of the diffusion layer can be interrupted there via halogen compounds.
  • a cover is provided on the component, which between the component surface and the Cover forms a cavity or channel so that the corresponding protective gas jet can be guided through this cavity or the channel in order to achieve a better concentration of the protective gas jet with high protective gas pressure or strong protective gas flow on the component surface to be protected.
  • a corresponding adapter can then be provided in the reactor, which has a connection to the cavities or channels of the component as well as to a protective gas feed line of the reactor
  • the present invention can be used in connection with a wide variety of diffusion layers, for example for the formation of aluminum-rich layers or aluminum layers, PtAl, CrAl, MCrAlY layers or combinations thereof. Silicon and / or chromium layers are also conceivable.
  • the present invention can be used both in the production of diffusion layers in which a powder pack is used as a dispenser pack to provide the material to be diffused, and in corresponding processes in which the coating material, for example, in the form of a paste by spraying, brushing, dipping and the like is applied directly to the substrate surface.
  • the protective gas for protecting areas not to be provided with a diffusion layer can be the same protective gas that is used in a corresponding reactor to form an inert or reducing atmosphere.
  • inert gases such as noble gases, e.g. B. argon, or hydrogen and combinations thereof into consideration, hydrogen on the basis of its reducing effect for avoiding oxides is advantageous.
  • the present invention can be used in the aluminizing of turbine blades with internal cooling channels, in which an aluminizing of the cooling channels is avoided shall be.
  • the protective gas is introduced into the cooling channels by means of an adapter during the manufacturing process of the diffusion layer, in order to protect the cooling channels from aluminizing.
  • the attached figure shows in a purely schematic representation a sectional view through a reactor according to the invention with the component to be processed, the dispenser packs and the protective gas duct.
  • the figure shows an embodiment of a reactor 1 according to the invention which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the reactor 1 has a reactor interior 10 which is delimited by a reactor vessel 11.
  • the component 2 to be provided with the diffusion layer, in the present case a turbine blade 2 is arranged in the reactor interior 10.
  • a plurality of dispenser packs 3 in the form of powder packs, which comprise a metal powder or a powder of a metal-rich compound for providing the metal to be diffused, are arranged around the turbine blade 2.
  • the powder packs 3 also have a neutral filler material, e.g. B. an oxide such as alumina, which prevents agglomeration of the fine metal powder.
  • the powder pack 3 contains a so-called activator, for example a halogen compound such as AlCl 3 or AlF 3 , which serves as a chemical transport medium for the metal to be diffused.
  • the reactor has a heating device, not shown, with which it is possible to heat the reactor interior 10 and thus the turbine blade 2 and the powder packs 3 to a temperature at which the diffusion processes for the formation of a diffusion layer can take place.
  • the reactor vessel 11 has a double bottom 7 which is connected to a gas supply line 6 so that protective gas, e.g. B. noble gases, such as argon, and / or other protective gases, such as hydrogen, can be introduced into the reactor vessel 11 via the double bottom 7.
  • protective gas e.g. B. noble gases, such as argon
  • protective gases such as hydrogen
  • the double reactor base 7 there is an outlet 8 to which an adapter 5 is connected, which in turn is connected to cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, so that protective gas, which is introduced via the protective gas supply line 6 and the double base 7, via the adapter 5 can be introduced into the cooling channels and other cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2 that are not to be provided with the diffusion layer.
  • an area of the component 2 that is not to be provided with a diffusion layer is covered with at least one cover (in Fig.
  • the heating is switched off so that the turbine blade 2 cools and the inflow of protective gas is switched off.
  • the turbine blade 2, which is provided with a partial diffusion layer, can be removed without further cleaning measures, such as, for example, removing cover powder or the like. Complex processes for removing covering means can thus be dispensed with, which increases the efficiency of the method considerably.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil sowie einen entsprechenden Reaktor hierzu.The present invention relates to a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and to a corresponding reactor for this purpose.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Diffusionsschichten, bei denen Metalle, wie Aluminium, Silizium oder Chrom in den Oberflächenbereich eines metallischen Bauteils, wie beispielsweise einer Turbinenschaufel, eindiffundiert werden, sind zur Ausbildung von Schutzschichten bekannt. Außerdem ist es bekannt, dass beim Aluminieren bzw. Alitieren, Silizieren und Chromieren eine Problematik darin besteht, dass Bauteilabschnitte, die nicht mit einer entsprechenden Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, nur schwer vor ungewollter Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht schützbar sind. Vorschläge für Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bauteiloberfläche gegen das Ausbilden von Diffusionsschichten sind beispielsweise in der DE 43 44 061 C1 und der DE 103 47 363 A1 beschrieben.Diffusion layers, in which metals such as aluminum, silicon or chromium are diffused into the surface area of a metallic component such as a turbine blade, are known for forming protective layers. In addition, it is known that there is a problem with aluminizing or aluminizing, siliconizing and chromizing that component sections which are not to be provided with a corresponding diffusion layer can only be protected with difficulty from the undesired formation of a diffusion layer. Proposals for measures to protect the component surface against the formation of diffusion layers are for example in the DE 43 44 061 C1 and the DE 103 47 363 A1 described.

Die DE 43 44 061 C1 schlagt vor, das Bauteil in den Bereichen, in denen keine Alitierung oder Chromierung stattfinden soll, mit zwei Schichten zu versehen und zwar einer ersten Schicht, die als Trennschicht ausgebildet ist und einer zweiten Schicht, die als Getterschicht für Reaktionsgase ausgebildet ist. Die erste Schicht kann eine Schlickergussschicht aus oxidkeramischen Partikeln mit einem kohlenstoffarmen und holgenidfreien Binder gebildet sein und die zweite Schicht kann eine Metallschicht oder eine metallische Schlickergussschicht sein.The DE 43 44 061 C1 suggests providing the component with two layers in the areas in which no aluminizing or chromating should take place, namely a first layer, which is designed as a separating layer and a second layer, which is designed as a getter layer for reaction gases. The first layer can be a slip cast layer made of oxide-ceramic particles with a low-carbon and holgenid-free binder, and the second layer can be a metal layer or a metallic slip cast layer.

Bei der DE 103 47 363 A1 wird vorgesehen eine diffusionsperrende Pulverpackung an nicht zu beschichtenden Bereichen des Bauteils vorzusehen.In the DE 103 47 363 A1 provision is made to provide a diffusion-blocking powder pack in areas of the component that are not to be coated.

Obwohl beide Verfahren erfolgreich zum Schutz von Bauteilen gegen unerwünschte Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden können, ergeben sich Beschränkungen dahingehend, dass nicht alle Bauteile oder Bauteilbereiche gleichermaßen gut geschützt werden können. Insbesondere bei Turbinenschaufeln, bei denen innen liegende Kühlkanäle oder Hohlräume nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, ergibt sich das Problem, dass die Schutzanordnungen, beispielsweise in Form einer Pulverpackung, nicht in geeigneter Weise angeordnet werden können und/oder nachfolgend nur mit erheblichem Aufwand oder gar nicht entfernt werden können.Although both methods can be used successfully to protect components from undesired diffusion layers, there are limitations in that not all Components or component areas can be protected equally well. In particular with turbine blades in which internal cooling channels or cavities should not be provided with a diffusion layer, the problem arises that the protective arrangements, for example in the form of a powder pack, cannot be arranged in a suitable manner and / or subsequently only with considerable effort or cannot be removed at all.

Aus der Europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 010 772 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil mit der Verwendung eines Schutzgasstrahls zum Vermeiden des Beschichtens von Kühlkanälen des Bauteils bekannt, wobei das Diffusionsverfahren mittels Gasphasenabscheidung abläuft. Das Dokument WO 03/064718 A2 offenbart auch ein anderes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Beschichtung auf einem metallischen Bauteil.From the European patent application EP 1 010 772 A1 a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component with the use of a protective gas jet to avoid the coating of cooling channels of the component is known, the diffusion method taking place by means of gas phase deposition. The document WO 03/064718 A2 also discloses another method for producing a localized coating on a metallic component.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil sowie einen entsprechenden Reaktor bereitzustellen, mittels denen zuverlässig verhindert werden kann, dass sich an nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereichen eines Bauteils eine Diffusionsschicht bildet, und wobei dieses Verfahren einfach durchführbar sein soll bzw. ein entsprechender Reaktor einfach betreibbar sein soll. Insbesondere soll gewährleistet sein, dass der Aufwand zur Entfernung von Schutzanordnungen niedrig gehalten wird.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and a corresponding reactor, by means of which a diffusion layer can reliably be prevented from forming in areas of a component that are not to be provided with a diffusion layer, and wherein this process should be easy to carry out or a corresponding reactor should be easy to operate. In particular, it should be ensured that the effort required to remove protective arrangements is kept low.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und einem Reaktor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and a reactor with the features of claim 7. Advantageous configurations are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung geht aus von Erkenntnis, dass Bauteilbereiche, die nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, mittels eines Schutzgasstrahls geschützt werden können, sofern eine ausreichende Menge an Schutzgas bzw. ein ausreichender Fluss an Schutzgas mit einem geeigneten Schutzgasstrahldruck bereitgestellt werden. Dies ist beispielsweise durch Verwendung einer Düsenvorrichtung zur Ausbildung eines gerichteten Schutzgasstrahls möglich, der gezielt auf die nicht mit der Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereiche des Bauteils gerichtet werden kann, sodass dort die für die Ausbildung der Diffusionsschicht erforderlichen Transportvorgänge über Halogenverbindungen unterbrochen werden können. Erfindungsgemäß wird an dem Bauteil eine Abdeckung vorgesehen, die zwischen der Bauteiloberfläche und der Abdeckung einen Hohlraum oder Kanal ausbildet, sodass durch diesen Hohlraum oder den Kanal der entsprechende Schutzgasstrahl geführt werden kann, um eine bessere Konzentration des Schutzgasstrahls mit hohem Schutzgasdruck oder starkem Schutzgasfluss an der zu schützenden Bauteiloberfläche zu erreichen.The invention is based on the knowledge that component areas which should not be provided with a diffusion layer can be protected by means of a protective gas jet, provided that a sufficient amount of protective gas or a sufficient flow of protective gas is provided with a suitable protective gas jet pressure. This is for example by using a nozzle device for forming a directed protective gas jet is possible, which can be aimed specifically at the areas of the component not to be provided with the diffusion layer, so that the transport processes required for the formation of the diffusion layer can be interrupted there via halogen compounds. According to the invention, a cover is provided on the component, which between the component surface and the Cover forms a cavity or channel so that the corresponding protective gas jet can be guided through this cavity or the channel in order to achieve a better concentration of the protective gas jet with high protective gas pressure or strong protective gas flow on the component surface to be protected.

Darüber hinaus kann man sich auch die Geometrie des Bauteils zu Nutze machen und Hohlräume oder Kanäle, die nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, verwenden, um den Schutzgasstrahl bzw. das Schutzgas zu konzentrieren.In addition, you can also make use of the geometry of the component and use cavities or channels that should not be provided with a diffusion layer in order to concentrate the protective gas jet or the protective gas.

Zur definierten Einleitung des Schutzgases in den Hohlraum des Bauteils oder einen Kanal des Bauteils kann dann ein entsprechender Adapter bei dem Reaktor vorgesehen sein, der sowohl eine Verbindung zu den Hohlräumen oder Kanälen des Bauteils als auch zu einer Schutzgaszuleitung des Reaktor aufweistFor the defined introduction of the protective gas into the cavity of the component or a channel of the component, a corresponding adapter can then be provided in the reactor, which has a connection to the cavities or channels of the component as well as to a protective gas feed line of the reactor

Die vorliegende Erfindung kann im Zusammenhang mit verschiedensten Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise zur Ausbildung von Aluminium reichen Schichten bzw. Alitierschichten, PtAl-, CrAl-, MCrAlY-Schichten oder Kombinationen davon. Auch Silizier und/oder Chromierschichten sind denkbar.The present invention can be used in connection with a wide variety of diffusion layers, for example for the formation of aluminum-rich layers or aluminum layers, PtAl, CrAl, MCrAlY layers or combinations thereof. Silicon and / or chromium layers are also conceivable.

Darüber hinaus kann die vorliegende Erfindung sowohl bei der Herstellung von Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden, bei denen als Spenderpackung zur Bereitstellung des einzudiffundierenden Materials eine Pulverpackung verwendet wird, als auch bei entsprechenden Verfahren, bei denen das Beschichtungsmaterial beispielsweise in Form einer Paste durch Spritzen, Streichen, Tauchen und dergleichen direkt auf die Substratoberfläche aufgetragen wird.In addition, the present invention can be used both in the production of diffusion layers in which a powder pack is used as a dispenser pack to provide the material to be diffused, and in corresponding processes in which the coating material, for example, in the form of a paste by spraying, brushing, dipping and the like is applied directly to the substrate surface.

Das Schutzgas zum Schutz nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehender Bereiche kann dasselbe Schutzgas sein, welches in einem entsprechenden Reaktor zur Ausbildung einer inerten oder reduzierenden Atmosphäre eingesetzt wird. Insbesondere kommen hier Inertgase, wie Edelgase, z. B. Argon, oder Wasserstoff sowie Kombinationen daraus in Betracht, wobei Wasserstoff augrund seiner reduzierenden Wirkung zur Vermeidung von Oxiden vorteilhaft ist.The protective gas for protecting areas not to be provided with a diffusion layer can be the same protective gas that is used in a corresponding reactor to form an inert or reducing atmosphere. In particular, inert gases such as noble gases, e.g. B. argon, or hydrogen and combinations thereof into consideration, hydrogen on the basis of its reducing effect for avoiding oxides is advantageous.

Insbesondere kann die vorliegende Erfindung bei der Alitierung von Turbinenschaufeln mit innen liegenden Kühlkanälen eingesetzt werden, bei denen eine Alitierung der Kühlkanäle vermieden werden soll. In diesem Fall wird das Schutzgas während des Herstellungsprozesses der Diffusionsschicht mittels eines Adapters in die Kühlkanäle eingeleitet, um so die Kühlkanäle vor dem Alitieren zu schützen.In particular, the present invention can be used in the aluminizing of turbine blades with internal cooling channels, in which an aluminizing of the cooling channels is avoided shall be. In this case, the protective gas is introduced into the cooling channels by means of an adapter during the manufacturing process of the diffusion layer, in order to protect the cooling channels from aluminizing.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die beigefügte Figur zeigt in einer rein schematischen Darstellung eine Schnittansicht durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Reaktor mit dem zu bearbeitenden Bauteil, den Spenderpackungen und der Schutzgasführung.The attached figure shows in a purely schematic representation a sectional view through a reactor according to the invention with the component to be processed, the dispenser packs and the protective gas duct.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEXAMPLE OF EXECUTION

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels deutlich. Allerdings ist die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become clear in the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not restricted to this exemplary embodiment.

Die Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Reaktors 1, der zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist. Der Reaktor 1 weist einen Reaktorinnenraum 10 auf, der durch einen Reaktorbehälter 11 begrenzt ist. Im Reaktorinnenraum 10 ist das mit der Diffusionsschicht zu versehende Bauteil 2, im vorliegenden Fall eine Turbinenschaufel 2, angeordnet. Um die Turbinenschaufel 2 herum sind mehrere Spenderpackungen 3 in Form von Pulverpackungen angeordnet, welche ein Metallpulver oder ein Pulver einer metallreichen Verbindung zur Bereitstellung des einzudiffundierenden Metalls umfassen. Die Pulverpackungen 3 weisen weiterhin ein neutrales Füllmaterial, z. B. ein Oxid wie Aluminiumoxid auf, das eine Agglomerierung des feinen Metallpulvers verhindert. Außerdem ist in der Pulverpackung 3 ein sogenannter Aktivator, beispielsweise eine Halogenverbindung wie AlCl3 oder AlF3, enthalten, welcher als chemisches Transportmittel für das einzudiffundierende Metall dient. Zusätzlich weist der Reaktor eine nicht näher gezeigte Heizeinrichtung auf, mit der es ermöglicht wird den Reaktorinnenraum 10 und somit die Turbinenschaufel 2 und die Pulverpackungen 3 auf eine Temperatur aufzuheizen, bei welcher die Diffusionsvorgänge zur Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht stattfinden können.The figure shows an embodiment of a reactor 1 according to the invention which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. The reactor 1 has a reactor interior 10 which is delimited by a reactor vessel 11. The component 2 to be provided with the diffusion layer, in the present case a turbine blade 2, is arranged in the reactor interior 10. A plurality of dispenser packs 3 in the form of powder packs, which comprise a metal powder or a powder of a metal-rich compound for providing the metal to be diffused, are arranged around the turbine blade 2. The powder packs 3 also have a neutral filler material, e.g. B. an oxide such as alumina, which prevents agglomeration of the fine metal powder. In addition, the powder pack 3 contains a so-called activator, for example a halogen compound such as AlCl 3 or AlF 3 , which serves as a chemical transport medium for the metal to be diffused. In addition, the reactor has a heating device, not shown, with which it is possible to heat the reactor interior 10 and thus the turbine blade 2 and the powder packs 3 to a temperature at which the diffusion processes for the formation of a diffusion layer can take place.

Der Reaktorbehälter 11 weist einen doppelten Boden 7 auf, welcher an eine Gaszuführleitung 6 angeschlossen ist, sodass Schutzgas, z. B. Edelgase, wie Argon, und/oder andere Schutzgase, wie Wasserstoff, über den doppelten Boden 7 in den Reaktorbehälter 11 eingeführt werden können. Im doppelten Reaktorboden 7 ist ein Auslass 8 angeordnet, an den ein Adapter 5 angeschlossen ist, welcher wiederum mit Kühlkanälen und Hohlräumen 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2 verbunden ist, sodass Schutzgas, welches über die Schutzgaszuleitung 6 und den doppelten Boden 7 eingeleitet wird, über den Adapter 5 in die Kühlkanäle und sonstigen Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2, die nicht mit der Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, eingeleitet werden kann. Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung ist ein nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehener Bereich des Bauteils 2 mit mindestens einer Abdeckung abgedeckt (in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt), wobei zwischen Abdeckung und Bauteil 2 mindestens ein Kanal gebildet wird, durch den der Schutzgasstrahl hindurch geleitet wird. Das überschüssige Schutzgas, das die Kühlkanäle und Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2 durchlaufen hat, wird über die Kühlkanalöffnungen, die an dem Ende der Kühlkanäle 4 angeordnet sind, das dem Ende mit dem Adapter 5 gegenüberliegt, in den Reaktorinnenraum 10 ausgegeben. Der Fluss des Schutzgases ist über die Pfeile in der Figur dargestellt.The reactor vessel 11 has a double bottom 7 which is connected to a gas supply line 6 so that protective gas, e.g. B. noble gases, such as argon, and / or other protective gases, such as hydrogen, can be introduced into the reactor vessel 11 via the double bottom 7. In the double reactor base 7 there is an outlet 8 to which an adapter 5 is connected, which in turn is connected to cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, so that protective gas, which is introduced via the protective gas supply line 6 and the double base 7, via the adapter 5 can be introduced into the cooling channels and other cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2 that are not to be provided with the diffusion layer. In an embodiment according to the invention, an area of the component 2 that is not to be provided with a diffusion layer is covered with at least one cover (in Fig. 1 not shown), with at least one channel being formed between cover and component 2 through which the protective gas jet is passed. The excess protective gas that has passed through the cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2 is discharged into the reactor interior 10 via the cooling channel openings which are arranged at the end of the cooling channels 4 that is opposite the end with the adapter 5. The flow of the protective gas is shown by the arrows in the figure.

Durch eine ausreichende Menge an Schutzgas, die durch die Kühlkanäle und Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel fließt, wird die Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht zuverlässig vermieden.With a sufficient amount of protective gas flowing through the cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade, the formation of a diffusion layer is reliably avoided.

Nach der Fertigstellung der Diffusionsschicht wird die Heizung abgestellt, sodass die Turbinenschaufel 2 abkühlt und der Zufluss an Schutzgas wird abgestellt. Die mit einer teilweisen Diffusionsschicht versehene Turbinenschaufel 2 kann ohne weitere Reinigungsmaßnahmen, wie beispielsweise Entfernen von Abdeckpulver oder dergleichen, entnommen werden. Damit kann auf aufwändige Prozesse zur Entfernung von Abdeckmitteln verzichtet werden, was die Effizienz des Verfahrens erheblich steigert.After the completion of the diffusion layer, the heating is switched off so that the turbine blade 2 cools and the inflow of protective gas is switched off. The turbine blade 2, which is provided with a partial diffusion layer, can be removed without further cleaning measures, such as, for example, removing cover powder or the like. Complex processes for removing covering means can thus be dispensed with, which increases the efficiency of the method considerably.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metal component, comprising the following steps:
    arranging the component (2) and at least one dispenser package (3), which contains the material to be diffused, in a reactor (1), providing at least one protective gas stream which flows around the at least one region of the component (2) that is not to be provided with a diffusion layer, heating the component (2) and the dispenser package (3) to a temperature at which diffusion processes can take place in order to form the diffusion layer, and
    maintaining the temperature until the diffusion layer is completed, characterized in that the component (2) is covered by at least one cover in the region of the component (2) that is not to be provided with a diffusion layer, with at least one channel through which the protective gas stream is conducted being formed between the cover and the component (2).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the production of the diffusion layer is an alitizing, siliconizing and/or chromating process using an Al-, Si- and/or Cr-containing dispenser package (3).
  3. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the dispenser package (3) is provided as a powder package or as a paste applied to the component (2).
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (2) and the dispenser package (3) are arranged in the reactor under protective gas.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective gas stream is conducted into cavities (4) and/or channels in the component (2) that are not to be provided with a diffusion layer.
  6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (2) is a turbine blade.
  7. Reactor for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metal component (2), in particular in accordance with a method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a reactor chamber (10) for receiving the component to be processed (2) and at least one dispenser package (3), which contains the material to be diffused, and at least one supply line (6, 7) for protective gas, characterized in that an adapter (5) is provided for connecting the protective gas supply line to a cover arranged on the component, by means of which adapter at least one protective gas stream can be adjusted to the at least one region of the component (2) that is not to be provided with a diffusion layer, with at least one channel through which the protective gas stream is conducted being formed between the cover and the component (2).
  8. Reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that a nozzle device is provided for forming a directed protective gas stream.
  9. Reactor according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that an adapter (5) is provided for connecting the protective gas supply line (6, 7) to cavities and/or channels (4) in the component (2).
EP12005135.4A 2011-07-28 2012-07-12 Method for producing a localised diffusion coating and reactor for same Active EP2551369B1 (en)

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DE102015213555A1 (en) * 2015-07-20 2017-03-09 MTU Aero Engines AG Sealing ridge armor and method of making the same
US20190194799A1 (en) 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 United Technologies Corporation Line-of-sight coating fixture and apparatus

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