EP2551018B1 - Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces - Google Patents
Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2551018B1 EP2551018B1 EP12178046.4A EP12178046A EP2551018B1 EP 2551018 B1 EP2551018 B1 EP 2551018B1 EP 12178046 A EP12178046 A EP 12178046A EP 2551018 B1 EP2551018 B1 EP 2551018B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- magnet element
- magnets
- exhaust gas
- electrode
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic filter system according to the preamble of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for operating an electrostatic filter system, a filter set and a method for assembling the inventive filter set to an exhaust pipe or an exhaust stack and the use of the filter set for equipping or retrofitting exhaust systems.
- Electrostatic separators for exhaust gas purification generally include at least one spray electrode and a precipitation electrode as the counter electrode.
- the surfaces of the electrodes face each other as far as possible distance uniform.
- the surface of the collecting electrode can be made quite large in comparison to the surface of the spray.
- Known electrostatic precipitators consist for example of parallel collecting electrodes, which are grounded together with the housing.
- the collecting electrodes form passages through which the gas to be purified flows.
- spray electrodes Between the precipitation electrodes in the lanes are spray electrodes. These are suspended electrically isolated and are supplied with rectified high voltage, which is usually between 20 to 100kV.
- the dust particles or mist droplets contained in the exhaust gas are electrically negatively charged during flow through the separator between the electrodes and transported under the influence of a strong electric field to the grounded collecting electrodes where they are separated or filtered out.
- the spray electrodes are usually mounted on a fixed frame. By this measure, the position of the electrodes is fixed.
- the electrodes are often hung on one side and provided with a draw weight.
- the electrodes are often connected together via a frame and thus held in position.
- the high-voltage electrode is at a potential up to about 100kV, the precipitation surface at the potential of the earth. Due to the different potentials, the opposing poles attract each other and, when approaching each other, can lead to a short circuit which impairs the operation.
- the electrode is normally tensioned between two points or provided with a reset weight.
- the restoring moment M gr caused by the weight F g remains approximately constant at a constant deflection S1 (eg 0.1 m) and changing electrode length L e .
- the restoring force F gr becomes smaller with a longer electrode (smaller deflection angle ⁇ )
- the lever electrowetting force
- a system with tube filter is disclosed.
- the suspended electrodes can be vibrated by electromagnets and thereby cleaned.
- the magnets can also serve to stabilize the electrodes. This is accomplished in one embodiment by pairs of magnets, wherein the respective first magnet of a pair is attached to the electrodes as weighting weight and the respective second magnet of a pair is arranged at a distance below the respective first, weighting magnet in the exhaust duct.
- the mutual vertical attraction of the magnets of each pair of magnets ensures a vertical tightening of the electrode.
- a disadvantage of this embodiment is that the lower magnets are mounted on a scaffold, which is arranged in the exhaust pipe. As a result, the effective pipe diameter is reduced, the passage for cleaning brushes is blocked and defects and maintenance work on scaffold and / or magnet are due to the poor accessibility only partially correctable.
- All hanging electrodes are attached at their lower end to a common weighting arrangement.
- the respective first magnets of four pairs of magnets are mounted evenly distributed on the edge of the weighting arrangement.
- the second magnets (counter magnets) of each pair are fixed at a distance from the respective first magnets of a pair on the inner periphery of the exhaust passage.
- This arrangement should allow a centering of the magnets.
- the clamping of the discharge electrodes in the axial direction is shown by the outer magnets, which are axially offset below the magnets attached to the discharge electrodes, act attractively on the magnets of the discharge electrodes.
- the centering and stabilization of elongated electrodes in the exhaust duct should be improved.
- a method of centering and stabilization is to be found, which is suitable for short and long high voltage electrodes, which may be flexible or rigid.
- the method should also be effective for very narrow and / or curved exhaust pipes.
- the cleaning should be possible in the simplest way with the brush from above or below.
- a free-hanging high voltage electrode is particularly well centered in the said electrostatic filter system and stabilized due to the magnetic repulsion forces.
- the magnetic centering disclosed here thus also serves for vibration damping and possibly vibration suppression.
- the elongate spray electrode can be designed as a rod electrode.
- a rod is expediently stiff, whereby vibrations during operation are suppressed.
- the rod is also bendable or flexible at the same time. The bending ability may e.g. be advantageous when inserting the rod electrode in the exhaust passage. When cleaning with a brush also differs a flexible rod better. All these advantages are e.g. united in a along the longitudinal direction cambered rod.
- another electrode may be used, e.g. a cable electrode, a wire electrode or a chain electrode.
- the Magnetzentriansssystem shown for electrostatic filter systems is equipped with only a single spray.
- the illustrated magnetic alignment system when the spray electrode is particularly long (e.g., at least 3 meters, optionally at least 4 meters or even 5 meters or longer).
- the magnetic field lines in the mutual area of influence of the magnetic elements essentially run in such a way (for example rectified parallel), so that a mutual repulsion of the magnets results.
- the first magnetic element is expediently designed as a bar magnet.
- the north-south axis is in this case advantageously aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the elongated or elongate spray electrode.
- the first central magnetic element e.g. Permanent magnets, AlNiCo magnets, neodymium magnets.
- the type of usable magnets is conveniently determined based on the given temperature conditions during operation.
- the second magnetic element includes one or more individual magnets, which may comprise a magnet, e.g. is shaped as a ring or which individual magnets e.g. are arranged ring-like or coronary.
- the individual magnets of the second magnetic element are advantageously spaced from each other.
- the second magnetic element surrounds - or surrounds, surrounds or surrounds - the first magnetic element preferably by, the second magnetic element (ie in particular the individual magnets of the second magnetic element or a ring magnet) and the first Magnetic element approximately on a plane (in particular on a horizontal plane or approximately at the same height) are arranged. Due to this arrangement, the magnetic elements can act on each other in such a way that the first magnetic element is influenced by the opposing magnetic forces. In particular, the second magnetic element or its individual magnets can surround the first magnetic element in a satellite-like manner.
- the small height difference between the possible positions of the first magnetic element may be considered as an approximately equal height level region. This height difference is usually within an acceptable tolerance for the first and second magnetic element to be placed together.
- the second magnetic element or the individual magnets of the second magnetic element is or are advantageously arranged approximately on the same plane, in particular approximately the same height as the first magnetic element.
- the term "about” in this context means that there is some tolerance for deviations. The tolerance range may depend on the magnets used and their mutual arrangement. For magnets, which are arranged with their north-south axis perpendicular to the common plane, it can be approximately assumed that a mutual displacement of the common plane by half its length (ie by half the length of the north-south axis) is tolerable , If the length of the north-south axis of the first and second magnets or of the first and second magnetic element is not the same, then the length of the shorter north-south axis is relevant.
- the type of magnet and the dimensions of the magnet are chosen such that said tolerance is in a range of at least ⁇ 5 cm, more preferably at least ⁇ 10 cm, more preferably at least ⁇ 5 cm. If the magnets have unequal dimensions, the respective center of gravity can be used as a reference for its height. The centering due repulsive magnetic forces may therefore possibly still work even with an existing height difference between the first and second magnetic element, provided that the magnetic forces are designed accordingly strong.
- the second magnetic element comprises a plurality of individual magnets, in particular at least three magnets, preferably 12 to 20 magnets, which preferably strung apart a row (magnetic ring) form around the exhaust passage.
- the second magnetic element may be e.g. include at least one magnetic ring, which magnetic ring the exhaust duct is placed around this comprehensive.
- the second magnetic element may comprise two or more magnet pieces which, in combination and due to their shape (e.g., part-circular), substantially annularly surround the exhaust space. If the second magnetic element consists of a plurality of magnets (or if the second magnetic element is an arrangement of a plurality of magnets), then these magnets are preferably aligned in such a way that they repel each other.
- the second magnetic element may e.g. Several bar magnets, several horseshoe magnets or more magnets with iron yoke include. It would also be possible to combine different types of magnets and / or magnetic forms. For ease of assembly, all magnets, which in combination make up the second magnetic element, have approximately the same strength or force field. Magnets of equal strength can e.g. be arranged on a circular line uniformly spaced from each other along the inner or outer periphery of an exhaust pipe or chimney and fixed thereto.
- the second peripheral magnetic element e.g. Permanent magnets, AlNi-Co magnets, Neodymium magnets.
- heat-resistant magnets are also interesting here, since an exhaust gas flow compared to the ambient temperature usually has a significantly elevated temperature and would otherwise demagnetize the magnets.
- the individual magnets of the second magnetic element expediently clamp an imaginary connecting line which surrounds the first magnetic element or at least its axial extension. Due to the mutual repulsive influence of the field lines, the first, central magnetic element and thus the spray electrode can be caught or held in position.
- the individual magnets of the second magnetic element preferably clamp an imaginary connecting line which surrounds the exhaust gas channel.
- these imaginary lines do not intersect the interior of the exhaust passage but extend further outwards, i.e., outward. at least tangentially to the inner wall of the exhaust passage or spaced radially further out.
- the imaginary connecting line thus advantageously surrounds the horizontal cross section of an exhaust gas duct or of an interior of a chimney.
- the second magnetic element is fixed to the outer wall of the exhaust passage. This has the advantage that the magnetic element does not have to be polluted and cumbersome to clean in the exhaust duct. In addition, the exhaust duct remains free and the gas can escape escaping hinderungsok. Alternatively, the second magnetic element could be fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust passage.
- the second magnetic element may be attached to the circumference of the exhaust duct with a belt or a collar, wherein the fixing force of the belt or the cuff should be greater than the magnetic repulsion forces.
- the electrostatic filter system expediently includes a high voltage supply for feeding the spray electrode.
- the high voltage supply may e.g. be housed in a housing which is mounted directly on the fireplace, in particular on the outer wall, or in its immediate vicinity.
- the spray electrode is advantageously held by means of a holder arm in the exhaust stream.
- the holder arm is preferably attached to the outside of the fireplace, in particular on the outer wall of the exhaust duct.
- An insulator provides the necessary electrical insulation and spacing of the spray electrode and possibly grounded chimney pipe.
- An additional draw weight at the spray electrode can help to suppress vibrations during operation.
- the draw weight can be fixed to the spray electrode.
- the spray electrode and the draw weight are positively connected with each other.
- the first magnetic element can also serve as a draw weight due to its own weight.
- a protective frame, made of metal, for example, can further complicate matters.
- the socket can, for example, be made of chrome steel, which is not ferromagnetic, be prepared. Alternatively, a plastic socket may be provided, such as Teflon, or other material that defies the conditions in the exhaust passage.
- At least one second magnet groups may be arranged above and / or below a first magnet group spaced therefrom, each magnet group being composed of a first magnet element and a second magnet element. This may be useful for additional stabilization on very long and / or flexible sputtering electrodes.
- a filter set comprising an elongated spray electrode (eg a rod electrode, a cable electrode, a wire electrode or a chain electrode), a first magnetic element for fixing to the spray electrode and a second magnetic element containing one or more individual magnets a magnet is formed as a ring or which individual magnets can be arranged like a ring or a ring, wherein the filter set is characterized in that it includes a belt or a cuff for receiving the second magnetic element.
- the second magnetic element can preferably be attached or fixed to the outer wall of an exhaust gas duct with the aid of the belt or the cuff.
- the second magnetic element may consist of a ring or a plurality of magnets, for example a magnetic ring of a plurality of individual strung magnets, consist.
- the arrangement of the individual magnets is preferably predetermined by the belt or the cuff.
- the later position on a chimney is advantageously determined by the arrangement on belt or cuff.
- An existing exhaust system may thus e.g. be equipped to Kaminelektrofilter.
- the belt or the cuff is equipped with receptacles for or the individual magnets of the second magnetic element, in particular with recordings, wherein the one magnet or the individual magnets (in particular non-positively) can be fixed.
- the belt or the cuff is equipped with clamping means which allow a (in particular non-positive) fixing of the belt or the cuff around the outer circumference of an exhaust duct or a chimney.
- the set may further provide a suitable high voltage power supply, an insulator and / or a support arm for the spray electrode for mounting.
- a draw weight for fixing to the spray electrode can be provided.
- a single spray electrode can be sufficient.
- the length of the spray electrode can be adapted to the requirements.
- first magnetic element eg consisting of one or more central magnets
- second magnetic element eg consisting of one or more peripheral magnets
- a magnetic group which can be used to stabilize a spray electrode.
- at least two straps or sleeves for receiving the at least two second magnetic elements can expediently be provided.
- the second magnetic element is mounted on a wall (in particular an outer wall) of an exhaust passage such that the second magnetic element surrounds or surrounds the first magnetic element and acts magnetically repelling on the first magnetic element at least during operation of the system, so that the first magnetic element and thus the Spray electrode in the exhaust passage in a centered position of the exhaust passage walls, or the inner wall of the exhaust passage, is kept spaced.
- the second magnetic element is thus mounted surrounding the first magnetic element surrounding this first magnetic element.
- the second magnetic element is mounted at approximately the same height as the first magnetic element.
- the second magnetic element may be mounted slightly higher than the first magnetic element.
- the second magnetic element can be offset relative to the first magnetic element in the axial direction of the spray electrode, in particular offset to elevated position, and possibly over the first magnetic element.
- the offset in the height arrangement can only be so great that the first magnetic element can still be held in a central position in the exhaust duct; ie the possible offset depends on the strength of the magnetic forces and the spatial spread of the magnetic field lines.
- a high voltage power supply comprising an insulating support arm for the spray electrode is mounted outside the exhaust duct, preferably on the outer wall of an exhaust pipe, in such a way that the support arm bears against the exhaust duct, i. in particular against the inner wall of the exhaust duct, extends electrically insulated into the exhaust duct.
- the mentioned filter set is suitable for various exhaust systems, examples of which are industrial plants, (municipal) incinerators, small fireplaces, etc.
- the filter set according to the invention is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing exhaust systems.
- said filter set is used for mounting on an exhaust duct.
- the assembly can be done from the outside.
- all components are either attached to the outside of the fireplace or with the spray on a support arm, which may also be attached to the outside of the fireplace, removably mounted.
- FIG. 1 a simplified electrostatic filter system is shown, which essentially comprises an exhaust pipe or a chimney 9 and a spray electrode 11.
- the terms exhaust pipe, chimney and chimney pipe are interchangeable in the present application.
- the fireplace can optionally be equipped with a thermal insulation.
- the spray electrode is advantageously designed as a rod electrode 11, but may for example be designed as a wire, rope or chain electrode.
- the rod electrode 11 is advantageously in the center of the exhaust passage 13 of the chimney 9 as possible parallel to the axis arranged.
- the rod electrode 11 is hingedly or optionally rigidly attached to a suspension 15 of a holder arm 17.
- the holder arm 17 is optionally flexibly secured in an insulator 19.
- the holder arm 17 may be fastened to the insulator 19 via a plug and / or screw connection 21.
- the insulator in turn, is expediently fastened, for example, to the outside of the chimney 9.
- the holder arm 17 extends with the suspension 15 in the exhaust passage 13, in particular such that the suspension 15 is positioned as centrally as possible in the exhaust passage 13 spaced from the inner walls 29.
- the attached rod electrode 11 is aligned due to its own weight along the longitudinal axis 25 of the exhaust passage 13 from.
- a draw weight 27 secured to the spray electrode 11 can ensure optimum alignment.
- An electrical high voltage supply 23 supplies the electrical voltage for the rod electrode 11.
- at least the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9 is earthed.
- the grounded chimney pipe serves on the inside as a collecting electrode.
- a spray electrode 11, as for example in an arrangement according to Fig. 1 is placed under high voltage, whereby an electrostatic voltage between the spray electrode 11 and the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9 is generated.
- an electrostatic voltage between the spray electrode 11 and the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9 is generated.
- entrained particles are electrostatically charged and deposited on the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9.
- Such filtered-out waste products can then be collected and dumped or recycled.
- the waste products can be removed from the inner wall, for example, by tapping or brushing.
- the spray electrode 11 undergo a deflection ⁇ with appropriate vibration.
- the spray electrode 11 can usually be centered with a draft weight 27 in the case of tube separators.
- the electrode 11 is stretched and held in the Lot.
- a restoring torque results M gr , which is caused by the weight F g .
- the restoring moment M gr remains approximately constant over different electrode lengths in the system shown here. As with increasing electrode length, although the angle ⁇ and thus the force F gr smaller, but at the same time the lever with the electrode length L e is greater.
- the inventive electrostatic filter system according to Fig. 2 essentially comprises a chimney 9 and a spray electrode 11.
- the spray electrode is advantageously designed as a rod electrode 11, but may for example also be formed as a chain electrode.
- the rod electrode 11 is advantageously arranged in the center of the exhaust passage 13 of the chimney 9 as parallel as possible to the longitudinal axis 25 of the exhaust passage 13.
- the rod electrode 11 is hingedly or optionally rigidly attached to a suspension 15 of a holder arm 17.
- the holder arm 17 is optionally flexibly secured in an insulator 19.
- the holder arm 17 may be fastened to the insulator 19 via a plug and / or screw connection 21.
- the insulator in turn, is expediently For example, outside the fireplace 9 attached.
- the holder arm 17 extends with the suspension 15 in the exhaust passage 13, in particular such that the suspension 15 is positioned as centrally as possible in the exhaust passage 13 from its walls 29 spaced.
- the attached rod electrode 11 is aligned due to its own weight along the longitudinal axis 25 of the exhaust passage 13 from. As indicated above, however, the dead weight of the electrode 11 is not necessarily sufficient to keep the spray electrode 11 stable under operating voltage and centrally in the exhaust gas duct 13.
- stabilization is achieved by a magnet arrangement attached to the spray electrode 11 and the chimney 9.
- a first, central magnet 31 (which may be composed of a single magnet or a plurality of partial magnets) is attached to the spray electrode 11.
- a plurality of peripheral magnets 33 surrounding the first central magnet 31 are fixed to a chimney wall (each peripheral magnet may also be composed of a single magnet or a plurality of part magnets).
- a plurality of at least three peripheral magnets 33 are advantageous. Shown here is a preferred plurality of 12 peripheral magnets 33.
- the peripheral magnets 33 are expediently provided on the circumference of the chimney 9 on its wall, for example on its inner wall 29 or preferably on its outer wall 35 , distributed.
- All the magnets, all the peripheral magnets 33 as well as the central magnet 31, are arranged so as to repel each other.
- bar magnets are preferably used whose north-south axes are aligned parallel and rectified.
- the distribution of the peripheral magnets 33 is such that a closed imaginary connecting line 37 (see FIG Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b ), which magnetically connects the magnets 33 of said plurality, around the first magnet 31 and thus around the suspended spray electrode 11 (especially even if it is not under high voltage).
- the imaginary connecting lines form the shortest connections between two repelling magnets 33.
- a third magnet is repelled with respect to such an imaginary line, since the repulsive forces are greater at an intersection with this line than at any other point of a line (or area), which intersects the imaginary line vertically.
- the entire imaginary connecting line 37 extends outside the exhaust duct 13, as in FIG Fig. 3b shown. This has the advantage that in the exhaust passage 13, which is bounded by the inner wall 29, no imaginary pockets 38 with radially outwardly decreasing magnetic force between the inner wall 29 and imaginary connecting line 37 may exist. Because there is the possibility that the central magnets 31 could be pressed with the spray electrode 11 in such an imaginary pocket 38 and thereby optionally against the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9, which would most likely lead to a short circuit.
- the magnets 31, 33 are frictionally engaged with their respective carrier, i. the spray magnet 11 or the chimney 9 connected.
- the peripheral magnets 33 are regularly distributed, i. all the magnets 33 are equidistant from the central magnet 31, and all the peripheral magnets 33 are approximately equidistant from one another. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when the peripheral magnets 33 generate approximately equal magnetic fields.
- a draft weight 27 may be attached to the spray electrode 11 in addition to the central magnet.
- This draw weight 27 can further enhance the stretch and alignment of the spray electrode 11 due to its weight.
- Such a draw weight 27 is advantageously arranged below the central magnet 31.
- the peripheral magnets 33 and optionally the central magnet 31 may be selected from the group of permanent magnets. If necessary, a high-temperature magnet can be used as the draw weight. This is particularly useful at high operating temperatures in the exhaust duct 13.
- each magnet 31, 33 in a protective cover in particular in a hermetically sealed protective cover, be used.
- Protective covers can be attached directly to the fireplace or the rod electrode, eg by screwing or welding.
- Protective covers may alternatively be attached to a strap or cuff. In which case the belt or the cuff is fastened to the chimney 9, preferably to the outer wall 35 of the chimney 9.
- the magnetic ring or magnet ring (magnets 33), which is preferably mounted outside the chimney pipe, repulsive acts on the central magnet 31, thus is held by repulsive forces of the central magnet 31 in the center of the magnetic ring and thus centrally in the exhaust passage 13 and optionally positioned.
- An electrical high voltage supply 23 supplies the electrical voltage for the rod electrode 11.
- at least the inner wall 29 of the chimney 9 is earthed.
- the central magnet 31 has the tendency to deflect laterally, possibly to rotate about an axis of rotation (in particular to the suspension 15). If necessary, the magnet can be kept stable by means of an additional weight, ie the above-mentioned draft weight 27.
- Fig. 4 is the exhaust duct of FIG. 2 shown with deflected electrode. Shown are approximately the forces acting due to weight, magnetic repulsion and deflection. The dead weight of the spray electrode 11 and the additional draw weight 27 cause the gravitational force F g . Due to weight and deflection results in a first portion of a restoring force F gr (in which case the weight of the magnets should be considered). In addition, magnetic forces act here. In a system with a low deflection angle, it can be assumed for simplicity that the magnetic forces act approximately in the horizontal direction. In the given embodiment, as stated above, the magnets are mounted repellent against each other.
- FIG. 9 As can be seen, a long electrode (eg 10 m) can reach an unstable state after a certain deflection, which in turn leads to a short circuit. According to the simulated situation in FIG. 9 is from a deflection of about 6.5 cm, the system unstable (this can be seen in that the sign of the total calculated torque at the said deflection of about 6.5 cm changes).
- the FIGS. 10 and 11 now show the torques occurring, taking into account the magnetic centering. As additional torque, the magnetic torque was inserted. The sign here is the same as for Torque of weight (draft weight 27) and opposite to the electrostatic force. Due to the summation of all torques, there is no change of sign when deflecting to one side over the entire possible deflection range. This means that the electrode 11 experiences a centering force or centering torque to the center over the entire deflection range.
- the magnetic restoring forces F m can clearly exceed the effect of the restoring forces F gr established on the weight with relatively little deflection.
- the positioning of a long discharge electrode 11 can be significantly improved by the additional use of repelling magnets. Vibrations and short circuit can thus be effectively suppressed or prevented.
- Fig. 5 is an electrostatic filter system with an alternative magnet arrangement comprising a first magnet group 39 and a second magnet group 40 shown.
- a first magnet group 39 and a second magnet group 40 shown.
- central and peripheral magnets 41, 43 of a second magnet group 40 are fixed to the outer chimney wall 35 at at least one intermediate region of the rod electrode 11 and at approximately the same height.
- a second magnet group 40 or further magnet groups distributed over the length of the spray electrode 11 can further contribute to the stabilization of the spray electrode 11.
- Each of these magnet groups 39 and 40 is thus composed of first and second magnetic elements and each first and second magnetic element of a group is arranged at approximately the same height on the chimney 9.
- Central and peripheral magnets can be designed as bar magnets, see Fig. 2 . 5 or enlarged Fig. 6 , Optionally, however, it is also possible to use magnets of a different design.
- horseshoe magnets 45 can be demonstrated on the periphery. As with the central bar magnet 31, the effective poles of the horseshoe magnet 45 are aligned in a vertical axis, with the same sense of direction as the central bar magnet. Horseshoe magnets 45 have the advantage that their magnetic field lines (especially when used in peripheral position) can be directed mainly into the exhaust gas interior.
- the centering of the electrode can alternatively be done via one or more magnetic rings.
- one or more magnetic rings are advantageously placed around the chimney, in particular at the level of a central magnet or, more central magnets, which or which are attached to the spray electrode.
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrostatische Filteranlage gemäss dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Im Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrostatischen Filteranlage, ein Filterset und ein Verfahren zur Montage des erfindungsgemässen Filtersets an einem Abgasrohr oder einem Abgaskamin sowie der Verwendung des Filtersets zur Ausrüstung oder Nachrüstung von Abgasanlagen.The present invention relates to an electrostatic filter system according to the preamble of
Elektrostatische Abscheider zur Abgasreinigung beinhalten im Allgemeinen zumindest eine Sprühelektrode und eine Niederschlagselektrode als Gegenelektrode. Die Flächen der Elektroden stehen einander möglichst abstandsuniform gegenüber. Die Fläche der Niederschlagselektrode kann im Vergleich zur Fläche der Sprühelektrode recht gross ausgelegt sein.Electrostatic separators for exhaust gas purification generally include at least one spray electrode and a precipitation electrode as the counter electrode. The surfaces of the electrodes face each other as far as possible distance uniform. The surface of the collecting electrode can be made quite large in comparison to the surface of the spray.
Bekannte elektrostatische Abscheider bestehen zum Beispiel aus parallel angeordneten Niederschlagselektroden, die gemeinsam mit dem Gehäuse geerdet sind. Die Niederschlagselektroden bilden Gassen, durch die das zu reinigende Gas strömt. Zwischen den Niederschlagsektroden in den Gassen befinden sich Sprühelektroden. Diese sind elektrisch isoliert aufgehängt und werden mit gleichgerichteter Hochspannung versorgt, die meist zwischen 20 bis 100kV liegt.Known electrostatic precipitators consist for example of parallel collecting electrodes, which are grounded together with the housing. The collecting electrodes form passages through which the gas to be purified flows. Between the precipitation electrodes in the lanes are spray electrodes. These are suspended electrically isolated and are supplied with rectified high voltage, which is usually between 20 to 100kV.
Die im Abgas enthaltenen Staubteilchen oder Nebeltröpfchen werden beim Durchfluss durch den Abscheider zwischen den Elektroden elektrisch negativ aufgeladen und unter dem Einfluss eines starken elektrischen Feldes zu den geerdeten Niederschlagselektroden transportiert und dort abgeschieden bzw. ausgefiltert.The dust particles or mist droplets contained in the exhaust gas are electrically negatively charged during flow through the separator between the electrodes and transported under the influence of a strong electric field to the grounded collecting electrodes where they are separated or filtered out.
Grundsätzlich unterscheidet man zwei Bauformen, den Plattenfilter und den Röhrenfilter. Bei Plattenfiltern sind die Sprühelektroden meistens auf einem festen Rahmen aufgespannt. Durch diese Massnahme ist die Position der Elektroden fixiert. Bei den Röhrenfiltern sind die Elektroden vielfach einseitig aufgehängt und mit einem Streckgewicht versehen. Bei vielen parallel geschalteten Röhren, werden die Elektroden vielfach über einen Rahmen miteinander verbunden und somit in Position gehalten.Basically, one differentiates between two types, the plate filter and the tube filter. In plate filters, the spray electrodes are usually mounted on a fixed frame. By this measure, the position of the electrodes is fixed. In the tube filters, the electrodes are often hung on one side and provided with a draw weight. In many parallel tubes, the electrodes are often connected together via a frame and thus held in position.
Die Elektrode zentrisch in der Mitte zu halten kann sich bei Röhrenfilter als schwierig erweisen. Durch das anbringen der Hochspannung an die Sprühelektrode wirken zwischen der Sprühelektrode und der Niederschlagsfläche anziehende Kräfte. Die Hochspannungselektrode befindet sich auf einem Potential bis zu ungefähr 100kV, die Niederschlagsfläche auf dem Potential der Erde. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Potentiale ziehen sich die gegenpoligen Flächen an und können bei gegenseitiger Annäherung zu einem Kurzschluss führen, welcher den Betrieb beeinträchtigt.Keeping the electrode centered in the middle can be difficult with tube filters. By attaching the high voltage to the spray electrode act attractive forces between the spray and the precipitation surface. The high-voltage electrode is at a potential up to about 100kV, the precipitation surface at the potential of the earth. Due to the different potentials, the opposing poles attract each other and, when approaching each other, can lead to a short circuit which impairs the operation.
Damit sich die Elektrode nicht zur Wand bewegt wird die Elektrode normalerweise zwischen zwei Punkten gespannt, oder mit einem Rückstellgewicht versehen.To prevent the electrode from moving towards the wall, the electrode is normally tensioned between two points or provided with a reset weight.
Das Rückstellmoment Mgr verursacht durch die Gewichtskraft Fg bleibt bei einer gleichbleibenden Auslenkung S1 (z.B. 0.1m) und sich verändernden Elektrodenlänge Le ungefähr konstant. Da die Rückstellkraft Fgr zwar bei längerer Elektrode kleiner wird (kleinerer Auslenkwinkel α), sich aber gleichzeitig der Hebel (Elektrodenlänge Le) vergrössert.The restoring moment M gr caused by the weight F g remains approximately constant at a constant deflection S1 (eg 0.1 m) and changing electrode length L e . Although the restoring force F gr becomes smaller with a longer electrode (smaller deflection angle α), the lever (electrode length L e ) simultaneously increases.
Bei langen Elektroden (länger als 3 m) werden mit zunehmender Länge (Elektrodenlänge) die Drehmomente Mes (verursacht durch elektrostatische Kräfte (Fes)) immer grösser, da zum Einen die sich anziehenden Flächen grösser werden und zum Andern der Hebel (mit der Elektrodenlänge) verlängert wird.With long electrodes (longer than 3 m), the torques M es (caused by electrostatic forces (F es )) increase with increasing length (electrode length), since on the one hand the attracting surfaces become larger and on the other hand the levers (with the Electrode length) is extended.
Das heisst, dass bei langen Sprühelektroden die Rückstelldrehmomente Mgr eher gering sind und die elektrostatischen Drehmomente Mes eher hoch. In Summe führen dieser Effekte dazu, dass sich die Zentrierung einer einseitig aufgehängten längeren Elektrode äusserst schwierig gestaltet. In der Folge fängt die Sprühelektrode an sich aufzuschwingen, was zum Kurzschluss führen kann.This means that with long discharge electrodes, the restoring torques M gr are rather low and the electrostatic torques M are rather high. In sum, these effects cause the centering of a longer electrode suspended on one side to be extremely difficult. As a result, the spray electrode begins to swell, which can lead to a short circuit.
In Dokument
In einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante in Dokument
In allen Ausführungsvarianten sind Gestelle und Halterungen für die Magnete innerhalb des Abgaskanals nötig. All diese Installationen haben den Nachteil, dass sie den Gasfluss behindern und die Staubanlagerung begünstigen. Ein Reinigen dieser Halterungsgestelle kann sich schwierig gestalten. Ebenfalls ist eine nachträgliche Installation einer elektrostatischen Filteranlage an einem bestehenden Abgaskanal äusserst schwierig, da die Magnete eingebracht werden müssen.In all variants racks and brackets for the magnets within the exhaust duct are necessary. All these installations have the disadvantage that they obstruct the gas flow and favor the dust accumulation. Cleaning these support racks can be difficult. Also, a subsequent installation of an electrostatic filter system on an existing exhaust duct is extremely difficult, since the magnets must be introduced.
In den genannten Ausführungsvarianten wird lediglich von einer gegenseitigen Anziehung der Magnete der Magnetpaare gesprochen. Zudem scheinen nur anziehende Kräfte die gewünschte Zentrierung zu unterstützen.In the aforementioned embodiments, only a mutual attraction of the magnets of the magnet pairs is spoken. In addition, only attractive forces seem to support the desired centering.
Stellt man Betrachtungen für abstossende Magnetkräfte an, stellt sich heraus, dass Abstossungskräfte zwischen den Magneten an den Sprühelektroden und den radial umliegenden und/oder axial weiter unten angeordneten Magneten sich negativ auf eine Zentrierung auswirken würden. Eine Abstossung der Magnete der Magnetpaare würde in beiden Ausführungsvarianten (und somit auch in deren Kombination) zu einer Dezentrierung und Destabilisation der Sprühelektroden führen. Dies würde weiter zur Auslenkung und Verdrehung der Sprühelektrodengruppen führen und somit gegebenenfalls zum Kurzschluss zwischen Sprühelektrode und geerdeten Teilen. Bei sehr langen Sprühelektroden ist zu erwarten, dass Dezentrierung und Destabilisation sich stärker negativ auswirken als bei kürzeren.Considering repelling magnetic force considerations, it turns out that repulsive forces between the magnets on the spray electrodes and the radially surrounding and / or axially lower magnets would adversely affect centering. A repulsion of the magnets of the magnet pairs would lead in both embodiments (and thus also in their combination) to a decentering and destabilization of the discharge electrodes. This would further lead to the deflection and rotation of the Sprühelektrodengruppen and thus possibly to short circuit between the spray electrode and earthed parts. For very long discharge electrodes, decentration and destabilization are expected to be more negative than shorter ones.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Zentrierung und Stabilisierung einer frei hängenden Hochspannungselektrode zu verbessern, wobei die Nachteile des Stands der Technik vermieden werden sollen. Die Zentrierung und Stabilisierung von länglichen Elektroden im Abgaskanal soll verbessert werden. Im Weiteren soll eine Methode der Zentrierung und Stabilisierung gefunden werden, welche sich für kurze und lange Hochspannungselektroden, welche flexible oder starr sein können, eignet. Die Methode soll auch bei sehr engen und/oder gekrümmte Abgasrohren wirksam sein. Zudem soll die Reinigung auf einfachste Weise mit der Bürste von oben oder unten möglich sein. Es ist auch Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung Anlagen bzw. Anlagenteile mit verbesserter Zentrierung und Stabilisierung einer frei hängenden Hochspannungselektrode bereitzustellen. Weiter ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die Zentrierung und Stabilisierung von Hochspannungselektroden an bereits bestehenden Abgassystemen zu verbessern.It is an object of the present invention to improve the centering and stabilization of a freely suspended high voltage electrode, wherein the disadvantages of the prior art to be avoided. The centering and stabilization of elongated electrodes in the exhaust duct should be improved. In addition, a method of centering and stabilization is to be found, which is suitable for short and long high voltage electrodes, which may be flexible or rigid. The method should also be effective for very narrow and / or curved exhaust pipes. In addition, the cleaning should be possible in the simplest way with the brush from above or below. It is also an object of the present invention to provide plants or plant components with improved centering and stabilization of a freely suspended high-voltage electrode. It is another object of the present invention to improve the centering and stabilization of high voltage electrodes on existing exhaust systems.
Diese und andere Ziele werden durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche erreicht. Weiterbildungen und/oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche.These and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gelöst werden die oben genannten Aufgaben insbesondere durch eine elektrostatische Filteranlage beinhaltend
- einen Abgaskanal,
- eine längliche Sprühelektrode, welche gegen die Innenwand des Abgaskanals elektrisch isoliert im Abgaskanal angeordnet ist,
- ein erstes Magnetelement fixiert an der Sprühelektrode, und
- ein zweites Magnetelement fixiert an der Wand (Innenwand und/ oder Aussenwand) des Abgaskanals, welches zweite Magnetelement das erste Magnetelement umgibt bzw. umringt, wobei die elektrostatische Filteranlage dadurch charakterisiert ist, dass das erste Magnetelement und das zweite Magnetelement zueinander derart angeordnet und/ oder gepolt sind, dass sie aufeinander gegenseitig abstossend wirken. Das heisst, dass die Magnetelemente gegenseitig abstossend angeordnet sind. Durch die abstossende Magnetkraft wird die Sprühelektrode in der Betriebsstellung gehalten. In Betriebsstellung ist die Sprühelektrode (möglichst gleichrnässig) von den Innenwänden des Abgaskanals beabstandet. Bevorzugt ist die Sprühelektrode mittig im Abgaskanal positioniert bzw. zentriert. Innenwand und Aussenwand des Abgaskanals entsprechen vorzugsweise Begrenzungen, welche durch ein Abgasrohr oder einen Kamin definiert werden.
- an exhaust duct,
- an elongate spray electrode which is arranged in the exhaust duct in an electrically insulated manner against the inner wall of the exhaust gas duct,
- a first magnetic element fixed to the spray electrode, and
- a second magnetic element fixed to the wall (inner wall and / or outer wall) of the exhaust passage, which second magnetic element surrounds or surrounds the first magnetic element, wherein the electrostatic filter system is characterized in that the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element to each other arranged and / or are polarized, that they are mutually repulsive. This means that the magnetic elements are mutually repulsive. The repelling magnetic force keeps the spray electrode in the operating position. In the operating position, the spray electrode is (as far as possible gleichrnässig) spaced from the inner walls of the exhaust passage. The spray electrode is preferably positioned or centered centrally in the exhaust gas duct. Inner wall and outer wall of the exhaust passage preferably correspond to boundaries defined by an exhaust pipe or a chimney.
Eine freihängende Hochspannungselektrode ist in der genannten elektrostatischen Filteranlage besonders gut zentrierbar und stabilisierbar aufgrund der magnetischen Abstossungskräfte. Die hier offenbarte Magnetzentrierung dient somit auch zur Schwingungsdämpfung und gegebenenfalls Schwingungsunterdrückung.A free-hanging high voltage electrode is particularly well centered in the said electrostatic filter system and stabilized due to the magnetic repulsion forces. The magnetic centering disclosed here thus also serves for vibration damping and possibly vibration suppression.
Die im Folgenden angeführten vorteilhaften Ausführungsvarianten führen allein oder in Kombination miteinander zu weiteren Verbesserungen der elektrostatischen Filteranlage.The below-mentioned advantageous embodiments lead alone or in combination with each other to further improvements of the electrostatic filter system.
Die längliche Sprühelektrode kann als Stabelektrode ausgeführt sein. Ein solcher Stab ist zweckmässigerweise steif, wodurch Schwingungen bei Betrieb unterdrückt werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Stab gleichzeitig auch biegbar bzw. flexibel. Die Biegefähigkeit kann z.B. beim Einführen der Stabelektrode in den Abgaskanal von Vorteil sein. Beim Reinigen mit einer Bürste weicht zudem ein biegbarer Stab besser aus. All diese Vorteile werden z.B. in einem entlang der Längsrichtung bombierten Stab vereinigt. Alternativ kann auch eine andere Elektrode verwendet werden wie z.B. eine Seilelektrode, eine Drahtelektrode oder eine Kettenelektrode.The elongate spray electrode can be designed as a rod electrode. Such a rod is expediently stiff, whereby vibrations during operation are suppressed. Advantageously, the rod is also bendable or flexible at the same time. The bending ability may e.g. be advantageous when inserting the rod electrode in the exhaust passage. When cleaning with a brush also differs a flexible rod better. All these advantages are e.g. united in a along the longitudinal direction cambered rod. Alternatively, another electrode may be used, e.g. a cable electrode, a wire electrode or a chain electrode.
Vorteilhaft ist das aufgezeigte Magnetzentrierungssystem für elektrostatische Filteranlagen mit nur einer einzigen Sprühelektrode bestückt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist das aufgezeigte Magnetzenirierungssystem, wenn die Sprühelektrode besonders lang (z.B. mindestens 3 Meter, gegebenenfalls mindestens 4 Meter oder sogar 5 Meter oder länger) ist.Advantageously, the Magnetzentrierungssystem shown for electrostatic filter systems is equipped with only a single spray. Particularly advantageous is the illustrated magnetic alignment system when the spray electrode is particularly long (e.g., at least 3 meters, optionally at least 4 meters or even 5 meters or longer).
Vorteilhalfterweise verlaufen die magnetischen Feldlinien im gegenseitigen Einflussbereich der Magnetelemente im Wesentlichen derart (z.B. gleichgerichtet parallel), sodass eine gegenseitige Abstossung der Magnete resultiert.Advantageously, the magnetic field lines in the mutual area of influence of the magnetic elements essentially run in such a way (for example rectified parallel), so that a mutual repulsion of the magnets results.
Das erste Magnetelement ist zweckmässigerweise als Stabmagnet ausgelegt. Die Nord-Süd-Achse ist hierbei vorteilhafterweise parallel zur Längsrichtung der länglichen bzw. langestreckten Sprühelektrode ausgerichtet.The first magnetic element is expediently designed as a bar magnet. The north-south axis is in this case advantageously aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the elongated or elongate spray electrode.
Für das erste, mittige Magnetelement eignen sich z.B. Permanentmagnete, AlNiCo-Magnete, Neodym-Magnete. Die Art der einsetzbaren Magnete wird zweckmässigerweise aufgrund der gegebenen Temperaturbedingungen im Betrieb ermittelt.For the first central magnetic element, e.g. Permanent magnets, AlNiCo magnets, neodymium magnets. The type of usable magnets is conveniently determined based on the given temperature conditions during operation.
Das zweite Magnetelement beinhaltet insbesondere einen oder mehrere einzelne Magnete, welcher eine Magnet z.B. als Ring geformt ist oder welche einzelnen Magnete z.B. ringartig oder kranzartig angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements sind vorteilhafterweise voneinander beabstandet.In particular, the second magnetic element includes one or more individual magnets, which may comprise a magnet, e.g. is shaped as a ring or which individual magnets e.g. are arranged ring-like or coronary. The individual magnets of the second magnetic element are advantageously spaced from each other.
Das zweite Magnetelement umgibt - bzw. umringt, umgreift oder umfasst - das erste Magnetelement bevorzugt indem, das zweite Magnetelement (d.h. insbesondere die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements oder ein Ringmagnet) und das erste Magnetelement ungefähr auf einer Ebene (insbesondere auf einer horizontalen Ebene bzw. ungefähr auf der gleichen Höhe) angeordnet sind. Aufgrund dieser Anordnung können die Magnetelemente aufeinander derart einwirken, dass das erste Magnetelement beeinflusst durch die gegensätzlichen Magnetkräfte zentriert wird. Insbesondere kann das zweite Magnetelement bzw. können dessen einzelne Magnete das erste Magnetelement satellitenartig umgeben. Da zwischen unabgelenkter und abgelenkter Position der installierten Sprühelektrode sich das Höhenniveau des unteren Elektrodenendpunkts für gewöhnlich nicht stark ändert, kann für den Zweck der vorliegenden Erfindung der geringe Höhenunterschied zwischen den möglichen Positionen des ersten Magnetelements als ein Bereich mit ungefähr gleichem Höhenniveau angesehen werden. Dieser Höhenunterschied liegt normalerweise innerhalb einer akzeptablen Toleranz für die gegenseitige Anordnung von erstem und zweitem Magnetelement.The second magnetic element surrounds - or surrounds, surrounds or surrounds - the first magnetic element preferably by, the second magnetic element (ie in particular the individual magnets of the second magnetic element or a ring magnet) and the first Magnetic element approximately on a plane (in particular on a horizontal plane or approximately at the same height) are arranged. Due to this arrangement, the magnetic elements can act on each other in such a way that the first magnetic element is influenced by the opposing magnetic forces. In particular, the second magnetic element or its individual magnets can surround the first magnetic element in a satellite-like manner. Since the height level of the lower electrode end point usually does not vary greatly between the undeflected and deflected position of the installed sputtering electrode, for the purpose of the present invention, the small height difference between the possible positions of the first magnetic element may be considered as an approximately equal height level region. This height difference is usually within an acceptable tolerance for the first and second magnetic element to be placed together.
Das zweite Magnetelement bzw. die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements ist bzw. sind vorteilhafterweise ungefähr auf der gleichen Ebene insbesondere ungefähr gleich hoch wie das erste Magnetelement angeordnet. Der Begriff "ungefähr" bedeutet in diesem Kontext dass eine gewisse Toleranz für Abweichungen vorhanden ist. Der Toleranzbereich kann von den verwendeten Magneten und deren gegenseitigen Anordnung abhängen. Bei Magneten, welche mit ihrer Nord-Süd-Achse senkrecht zur gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnet sind, kann näherungsweise angenommen werden, dass eine gegenseitige Verschiebung aus der gemeinsamen Ebene um deren halbe Länge (d.h. um die halbe Länge der Nord-Süd-Achse) tolerierbar ist. Ist die Länge der Nord-Süd-Achse von ersten und zweiten Magneten bzw. von erstem und zweitem Magnetelement nicht gleich, so ist die Länge der kürzeren Nord-Süd-Achse relevant. Vorteilhafterweise werden Magnetart und Magnetabmessungen derart gewählt, dass die genannte Toleranz in einem Bereich von mindestens ±5 cm, weiter bevorzugt von mindestens ±10 cm, weiter bevorzugt von mindestens ±5cm liegt. Haben die Magnete ungleiche Abmessungen, kann der jeweilige Schwerpunkt als Referenz für dessen Höhe verwendet werden. Die Zentrierung aufgrund abstossender Magnetkräfte kann gegebenenfalls also auch bei einer bestehenden Höhendifferenz zwischen erstem und zweitem Magnetelement noch funktionieren, sofern die Magnetkräfte entsprechend stark ausgelegt sind.The second magnetic element or the individual magnets of the second magnetic element is or are advantageously arranged approximately on the same plane, in particular approximately the same height as the first magnetic element. The term "about" in this context means that there is some tolerance for deviations. The tolerance range may depend on the magnets used and their mutual arrangement. For magnets, which are arranged with their north-south axis perpendicular to the common plane, it can be approximately assumed that a mutual displacement of the common plane by half its length (ie by half the length of the north-south axis) is tolerable , If the length of the north-south axis of the first and second magnets or of the first and second magnetic element is not the same, then the length of the shorter north-south axis is relevant. Advantageously, the type of magnet and the dimensions of the magnet are chosen such that said tolerance is in a range of at least ± 5 cm, more preferably at least ± 10 cm, more preferably at least ± 5 cm. If the magnets have unequal dimensions, the respective center of gravity can be used as a reference for its height. The centering due repulsive magnetic forces may therefore possibly still work even with an existing height difference between the first and second magnetic element, provided that the magnetic forces are designed accordingly strong.
Bevorzugt umfasst das zweite Magnetelement mehrere einzelne Magnete, insbesondere mindestens drei Magnete, bevorzugterweise 12 bis 20 Magnete, welche bevorzugt beabstandet aneinandergereiht einen Kranz (Magnetkranz) um den Abgaskanal bilden. Alternativ kann das zweite Magnetelement z.B. mindestens einen Magnetring beinhalten, welcher Magnetring den Abgaskanal umfassend um diesen gelegt ist. Weiter kann das zweite Magnetelement zwei oder mehrere Magnetstücke umfassen, welche in Kombination und aufgrund ihrer Form (z.B. teilkreisförmig) den Abgasraum im Wesentlichen kranzartig umfassen. Besteht das zweite Magnetelement aus mehreren Magneten (bzw. ist das zweite Magnetelement eine Anordnung mehrerer Magnete), so sind diese Magnete bevorzugt derart ausgerichtet, dass sie sich untereinander gegenseitig abstossen.Preferably, the second magnetic element comprises a plurality of individual magnets, in particular at least three magnets, preferably 12 to 20 magnets, which preferably strung apart a row (magnetic ring) form around the exhaust passage. Alternatively, the second magnetic element may be e.g. include at least one magnetic ring, which magnetic ring the exhaust duct is placed around this comprehensive. Further, the second magnetic element may comprise two or more magnet pieces which, in combination and due to their shape (e.g., part-circular), substantially annularly surround the exhaust space. If the second magnetic element consists of a plurality of magnets (or if the second magnetic element is an arrangement of a plurality of magnets), then these magnets are preferably aligned in such a way that they repel each other.
Das zweite Magnetelement kann z.B. mehrere Stabmagnete, mehrere Hufeisenmagnete oder mehrere Magnete mit Eisenrückschluss beinhalten. Möglich wäre auch eine Kombination verschiedener Magnetarten und/oder Magnetformen. Zur einfacheren Montage haben alle Magnete, welche in Kombination das zweite Magnetelement ausmachen, ungefähr die selbe Stärke bzw. das selbe Kraftfeld. Magnete gleicher Stärke können z.B. auf einer Kreislinie gleichmässig gegeneinander beabstandet entlang des inneren oder äusseren Umfangs eines Abgasrohrs oder Kamins angeordnet und an diesem fixiert werden.The second magnetic element may e.g. Several bar magnets, several horseshoe magnets or more magnets with iron yoke include. It would also be possible to combine different types of magnets and / or magnetic forms. For ease of assembly, all magnets, which in combination make up the second magnetic element, have approximately the same strength or force field. Magnets of equal strength can e.g. be arranged on a circular line uniformly spaced from each other along the inner or outer periphery of an exhaust pipe or chimney and fixed thereto.
Für das zweite, periphere Magnetelement eignen sich z.B. Permanentmagnete, AlNi-Co-Magnete, Neodym-Magnete. Insbesondere sind hier auch hitzebeständige Magnete interessant, da ein Abgasstrom gegenüber der Umgebungstemperatur für gewöhnlich eine deutlich erhöhte Temperatur aufweist und die Magnete ansonsten entmagnetisieren würde.For the second peripheral magnetic element, e.g. Permanent magnets, AlNi-Co magnets, Neodymium magnets. In particular, heat-resistant magnets are also interesting here, since an exhaust gas flow compared to the ambient temperature usually has a significantly elevated temperature and would otherwise demagnetize the magnets.
Die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements spannen zweckmässigerweise eine imaginäre Verbindungslinie auf, welche das erste Magnetelement oder zumindest dessen axiale Verlängerung umringt. Durch den gegenseitigen abstossenden Einfluss der Feldlinien kann das erste, mittige Magnetelement und somit die Sprühelektrode gefangen bzw. auf Position gehalten werden.The individual magnets of the second magnetic element expediently clamp an imaginary connecting line which surrounds the first magnetic element or at least its axial extension. Due to the mutual repulsive influence of the field lines, the first, central magnetic element and thus the spray electrode can be caught or held in position.
Die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements spannen bevorzugt eine imaginäre Verbindungslinie auf, welche den Abgaskanal umringt. Vorteilhafterweise schneiden diese imaginären Linien den Innenraum des Abgaskanals nicht sondern verlaufen weitere aussen, d.h. zumindest tangential zur Innenwand des Abgaskanals oder davon beabstandet radial weiter aussen. Die imaginäre Verbindungslinie umringt also vorteilhafterweise den horizontalen Querschnitt eines Abgaskanals bzw. eines Innenraums eines Kamins.The individual magnets of the second magnetic element preferably clamp an imaginary connecting line which surrounds the exhaust gas channel. Advantageously, these imaginary lines do not intersect the interior of the exhaust passage but extend further outwards, i.e., outward. at least tangentially to the inner wall of the exhaust passage or spaced radially further out. The imaginary connecting line thus advantageously surrounds the horizontal cross section of an exhaust gas duct or of an interior of a chimney.
Zweckmässigerweise ist das zweite Magnetelement an der Aussenwand des Abgaskanals fixiert ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Magnetelement nicht verschmutzt und umständlich im Abgaskanal gereinigt werden muss. Zudem bleibt der Abgaskanal frei und das abziehende Gas kann hinderungsfrei entweichen. Alternativ könnte das zweite Magnetelement an der Innenwand des Abgaskanals fixiert werden.Conveniently, the second magnetic element is fixed to the outer wall of the exhaust passage. This has the advantage that the magnetic element does not have to be polluted and cumbersome to clean in the exhaust duct. In addition, the exhaust duct remains free and the gas can escape escaping hinderungsfrei. Alternatively, the second magnetic element could be fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust passage.
Das zweite Magnetelement kann mit einem Gurt oder einer Manschette am Umfang des Abgaskanals angebracht sein, wobei die Fixierkraft des Gurtes oder der Manschette grösser sein sollte als die magnetischen Abstossungskräfte.The second magnetic element may be attached to the circumference of the exhaust duct with a belt or a collar, wherein the fixing force of the belt or the cuff should be greater than the magnetic repulsion forces.
Die elektrostatische Filteranlage beinhaltet zweckmässigerweise eine Hochspannungsversorgung zur Speisung der Sprühelektrode. Die Hochspannungsversorgung kann z.B. in einem Gehäuse untergebracht werden, welches direkt am Kamin, insbesondere an dessen Aussenwand, oder in dessen unmittelbaren Nähe angebracht ist.The electrostatic filter system expediently includes a high voltage supply for feeding the spray electrode. The high voltage supply may e.g. be housed in a housing which is mounted directly on the fireplace, in particular on the outer wall, or in its immediate vicinity.
Die Sprühelektrode wird vorteilhafterweise mittels eines Halterarms in den Abgasstrom gehalten. Der Halterarm ist vorzugsweise aussen am Kamin, insbesondere an der Aussenwand des Abgaskanals, befestigt. Ein Isolator sorgt für die nötige elektrische Isolierung und Beabstandung von Sprühelektrode und gegebenenfalls geerdetem Kaminrohr.The spray electrode is advantageously held by means of a holder arm in the exhaust stream. The holder arm is preferably attached to the outside of the fireplace, in particular on the outer wall of the exhaust duct. An insulator provides the necessary electrical insulation and spacing of the spray electrode and possibly grounded chimney pipe.
Ein zusätzliches Streckgewicht an der Sprühelektrode kann zur Unterdrückung von Schwingungen während des Betriebs beitragen. Das Streckgewicht ist an der Sprühelektrode fixierbar. Vorteilhafterweise sind Sprühelektrode und Streckgewicht kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Das erste Magnetelement kann aufgrund seines Eigengewichts auch als Streckgewicht dienen. Eine schützende Fassung, z.B. aus Metall, kann hierbei weiter beschwerend wirken. Die Fassung kann z.B. aus einem Chromstahl, welcher nicht ferromagnetisch ist, hergestellt sein. Alternativ kann eine Kunststofffassung vorgesehen sein, wie z.B. aus Teflon., oder einem anderen Material, welches den Bedingungen im Abgaskanal trotzt.An additional draw weight at the spray electrode can help to suppress vibrations during operation. The draw weight can be fixed to the spray electrode. Advantageously, the spray electrode and the draw weight are positively connected with each other. The first magnetic element can also serve as a draw weight due to its own weight. A protective frame, made of metal, for example, can further complicate matters. The socket can, for example, be made of chrome steel, which is not ferromagnetic, be prepared. Alternatively, a plastic socket may be provided, such as Teflon, or other material that defies the conditions in the exhaust passage.
In einer alternativen Ausführung kann oberhalb und/oder unterhalb einer ersten Magnetgruppe von dieser beabstandet zumindest eine zweite Magnetgruppen angeordnet sein, wobei jede Magnetgruppe sich aus einem genannten ersten Magnetelement und einem genannten zweiten Magnetelement zusammensetzt. Dies kann zur zusätzlichen Stabilisierung bei sehr langen und/oder flexiblen Sprühelektroden von Nutzen sein.In an alternative embodiment, at least one second magnet groups may be arranged above and / or below a first magnet group spaced therefrom, each magnet group being composed of a first magnet element and a second magnet element. This may be useful for additional stabilization on very long and / or flexible sputtering electrodes.
Ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrostatischen Filteranlage, welche beinhaltet
- einen Abgaskanal,
- eine längliche Sprühelektrode, welche gegen die Innenwand des Abgaskanals elektrisch isoliert im Abgaskanal angeordnet ist,
- ein erstes Magnetelement fixiert an der Sprühelektrode, und
- ein zweites Magnetelement fixiert an der Wand des Abgaskanals, welches zweite Magnetelement das erste Magnetelement umgibt bzw. umringt,
- an exhaust duct,
- an elongate spray electrode which is arranged in the exhaust duct in an electrically insulated manner against the inner wall of the exhaust gas duct,
- a first magnetic element fixed to the spray electrode, and
- a second magnetic element fixed to the wall of the exhaust passage, which second magnetic element surrounds or surrounds the first magnetic element,
Erfindungsgemäss wird die obige Aufgabe im Weiteren gelöst durch ein Filterset beinhaltend eine längliche Sprühelektrode (z.B. eine Stabelektrode, eine Seilelektrode, eine Drahtelektrode oder eine Kettenelektrode), ein erstes Magnetelement zur Fixierung an der Sprühelektrode und ein zweites Magnetelement beinhaltend einen oder mehrere einzelne Magnete, welcher eine Magnet als Ring geformt ist oder welche einzelnen Magnete sich kranzartig bzw. ringartig anordnen lassen, wobei das Filterset dadurch charakterisiert ist, dass es einen Gurt oder eine Manschette zur Aufnahme des zweiten Magnetelements beinhaltet. Das zweite Magnetelement kann mit Hilfe des Gurts oder der Manschette bevorzugt an der Aussenwand eines Abgaskanals angebracht bzw. fixiert werden. Das zweite Magnetelement kann aus einem Ring oder einer Vielzahl von Magneten, z.B. einem Magnetkranz mehrerer einzelner aufgereihter Magnete, bestehen. Die Anordnung der einzelnen Magnete ist bevorzugt durch den Gurt oder die Manschette vorgegeben. Die spätere Position an einem Kamin wird vorteilhafterweise durch die Anordnung auf Gurt oder Manschette vorgegeben.According to the invention, the above object is further achieved by a filter set comprising an elongated spray electrode (eg a rod electrode, a cable electrode, a wire electrode or a chain electrode), a first magnetic element for fixing to the spray electrode and a second magnetic element containing one or more individual magnets a magnet is formed as a ring or which individual magnets can be arranged like a ring or a ring, wherein the filter set is characterized in that it includes a belt or a cuff for receiving the second magnetic element. The second magnetic element can preferably be attached or fixed to the outer wall of an exhaust gas duct with the aid of the belt or the cuff. The second magnetic element may consist of a ring or a plurality of magnets, for example a magnetic ring of a plurality of individual strung magnets, consist. The arrangement of the individual magnets is preferably predetermined by the belt or the cuff. The later position on a chimney is advantageously determined by the arrangement on belt or cuff.
Bestehende Abgaskamine können mit den Elementen dieses Sets aus- und aufgerüstet werden. Eine bestehende Abgasanlage kann somit z.B. zum Kaminelektrofilter ausgerüstet werden.Existing exhaust stacks can be upgraded and upgraded with the elements of this set. An existing exhaust system may thus e.g. be equipped to Kaminelektrofilter.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den folgenden Merkmalen.Further advantages result from the following features.
Zweckmässigerweise ist der Gurt oder die Manschette ausgerüstet mit Aufnahmen für den oder die einzelnen Magnete des zweiten Magnetelements, insbesondere mit Aufnahmen, worin der eine Magnet oder die einzelnen Magnete (insbesondere kraftschlüssig) fixierbar sind. Gegebenenfalls ist der Gurt oder die Manschette ausgerüstet mit Spannmitteln, welche eine (insbesondere kraftschlüssige) Fixierung des Gurts oder der Manschette um den äusseren Umfang eines Abgaskanals bzw. eines Kamins erlauben.Conveniently, the belt or the cuff is equipped with receptacles for or the individual magnets of the second magnetic element, in particular with recordings, wherein the one magnet or the individual magnets (in particular non-positively) can be fixed. Optionally, the belt or the cuff is equipped with clamping means which allow a (in particular non-positive) fixing of the belt or the cuff around the outer circumference of an exhaust duct or a chimney.
Mit dem Set können weiter eine geeignete Hochspannungsversorgung, ein Isolator und/oder ein Halterarm für die Sprühelektrode zur Montage bereitgestellt werden.The set may further provide a suitable high voltage power supply, an insulator and / or a support arm for the spray electrode for mounting.
Weiter kann ein Streckgewicht zur Fixierung an der Sprühelektrode bereitgestellt werden.Furthermore, a draw weight for fixing to the spray electrode can be provided.
Zur Aufrüstung einer Abgasanlage zu einem elektrostatischen Filter (auch elektrostatischer Abscheider genannt) kann eine einzelne Sprühelektrode genügen. Gegebenenfalls kann die Länge der Sprühelektrode den Anforderungen angepasst werden.To upgrade an exhaust system to an electrostatic filter (also called electrostatic precipitator), a single spray electrode can be sufficient. Optionally, the length of the spray electrode can be adapted to the requirements.
Je ein erstes Magnetelement (z.B. bestehend aus einem oder mehreren zentralen Magneten) und ein zweites Magnetelement (z.B. bestehend aus einem oder mehreren peripheren Magneten) bilden eine Magnetgruppe, welche zur Stabilisierung einer Sprühelektrode verwendet werden kann. Bei sehr langen oder flexiblen Sprühelektroden kann es sinnvoll sein zur Stabilisierung mehrere Magnetgruppen auf verschiedenen Höhenniveaus eines Abgaskanals einzusetzen. Filtersets mit zumindest zwei ersten Magnetelementen und zumindest zwei zweiten Magnetelementen bereit zu stellen, sodass sich zumindest eine erste Magnetgruppe und eine zweite Magnetgruppe aus den Magnetelementen zusammenstellen lassen. Hierzu könne zweckmässigerweise zumindest zwei Gurte oder Manschetten zur Aufnahme der zumindest zwei zweiten Magnetelemente bereitgestellt werden.Depending on a first magnetic element (eg consisting of one or more central magnets) and a second magnetic element (eg consisting of one or more peripheral magnets) form a magnetic group which can be used to stabilize a spray electrode. For very long or flexible spray electrodes, it may be useful to use several magnet groups at different height levels of an exhaust duct for stabilization. To provide filter sets with at least two first magnetic elements and at least two second magnetic elements, so that at least a first magnetic group and a second magnetic group from let the magnetic elements put together. For this purpose, at least two straps or sleeves for receiving the at least two second magnetic elements can expediently be provided.
Ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zur Montage eines genannten Filtersets umfasst die folgenden Schritte:
- Anordnen der länglichen Sprühelektrode im Abgaskanal isoliert und beabstandet von der Innenwand des Abgaskanals,
- Fixieren des ersten Magnetelements an der Sprühelektrode, insbesondere am unteren Ende der Sprühelektrode, und
- Anbringen des zweiten Magnetelements an einer Wand (Innenwand und/oder Aussenwand) eines Abgaskanals, so dass das zweite Magnetelement das erste Magnetelement umgibt bzw. umringt und magnetisch abstossend auf das erste Magnetelement wirkt.
- Arranging the elongated spray electrode in the exhaust duct isolated and spaced from the inner wall of the exhaust duct,
- Fixing the first magnetic element to the spray electrode, in particular at the lower end of the spray electrode, and
- Attaching the second magnetic element on a wall (inner wall and / or outer wall) of an exhaust passage, so that the second magnetic element surrounds the first magnetic element and magnetically repulsive acts on the first magnetic element.
Vorteilhafterweise wird das zweite Magnetelement derart an einer Wand (insbesondere einer Aussenwand) eines Abgaskanals angebracht, dass das zweite Magnetelement das erste Magnetelement umgibt bzw. umringt und zumindest unter Betrieb der Anlage magnetisch abstossend auf das erste Magnetelement wirkt, sodass das erste Magnetelement und damit die Sprühelektrode im Abgaskanal auf zentrierter Position von den Abgaskanalwänden, bzw. der Innenwand des Abgaskanals, beabstandet gehalten wird. Das zweite Magnetelement ist also seitlich vom ersten Magnetelement dieses erste Magnetelement umgebend angebracht.Advantageously, the second magnetic element is mounted on a wall (in particular an outer wall) of an exhaust passage such that the second magnetic element surrounds or surrounds the first magnetic element and acts magnetically repelling on the first magnetic element at least during operation of the system, so that the first magnetic element and thus the Spray electrode in the exhaust passage in a centered position of the exhaust passage walls, or the inner wall of the exhaust passage, is kept spaced. The second magnetic element is thus mounted surrounding the first magnetic element surrounding this first magnetic element.
Bevorzugt wird das zweite Magnetelement auf ungefähr gleicher bzw. gleicher Höhe wie das erste Magnetelement angebracht. Alternativ kann das zweite Magnetelement etwas höher als das erste Magnetelement angebracht werden. Abhängig von der Stärke der Magnetfelder kann das zweite Magnetelement gegenüber dem ersten Magnetelement in Achsrichtung der Sprühelektrode versetzt, insbesondere versetzt auf erhöhte Lage, und ggf. über dem ersten Magnetelement angeordnet sein. Der Versatz in der Höhenanordnung kann jedoch nur so gross sein, dass das erste Magnetelement noch in einer mittigen Position im Abgaskanal gehalten werden kann; d.h. der mögliche Versatz hängt von der Stärke der Magnetkräfte und der räumlichen Ausbreitung der Magnetfeldlinien ab.Preferably, the second magnetic element is mounted at approximately the same height as the first magnetic element. Alternatively, the second magnetic element may be mounted slightly higher than the first magnetic element. Depending on the strength of the magnetic fields, the second magnetic element can be offset relative to the first magnetic element in the axial direction of the spray electrode, in particular offset to elevated position, and possibly over the first magnetic element. However, the offset in the height arrangement can only be so great that the first magnetic element can still be held in a central position in the exhaust duct; ie the possible offset depends on the strength of the magnetic forces and the spatial spread of the magnetic field lines.
Vorteilhafterweise wird eine Hochspannungsversorgung beinhaltend einen isolierenden Halterarm für die Sprühelektrode ausserhalb des Abgaskanals, bevorzugt an der Aussenwand eines Abgasrohrs, befestigt, und zwar so, dass der Halterarm gegen den Abgaskanal, d.h. insbesondere gegen die Innenwand des Abgaskanals, elektrisch isoliert in den Abgaskanal hineinreicht.Advantageously, a high voltage power supply comprising an insulating support arm for the spray electrode is mounted outside the exhaust duct, preferably on the outer wall of an exhaust pipe, in such a way that the support arm bears against the exhaust duct, i. in particular against the inner wall of the exhaust duct, extends electrically insulated into the exhaust duct.
Das genannte Filterset eignet sich für verschiedenste Abgasanlagen, Beispiele hierfür sind Industrieanlagen, (kommunale) Verbrennungsanlagen, Kleinfeueranlagen etc.The mentioned filter set is suitable for various exhaust systems, examples of which are industrial plants, (municipal) incinerators, small fireplaces, etc.
Zudem eignet sich das erfindungsgemässe Filterset besonders zur Nachrüstung von bestehenden Abgasanlagen.In addition, the filter set according to the invention is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing exhaust systems.
Vorteilhafterweise wird das genannte Filterset zur Montage an einem Abgaskanal verwendet. Insbesondere kann die Montage von aussen erfolgen. Zudem sind alle Bauteile entweder aussen am Kamin befestigt oder werden mit der Sprühelektrode an einem Halterarm, welcher ebenfalls aussen am Kamin befestigt sein kann, entnehmbar eingehängt.Advantageously, said filter set is used for mounting on an exhaust duct. In particular, the assembly can be done from the outside. In addition, all components are either attached to the outside of the fireplace or with the spray on a support arm, which may also be attached to the outside of the fireplace, removably mounted.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren. Es zeigen schematisch, in nicht massstabsgetreuen Darstellung:
- Figur 1:
- einen Längsschnitt mit eingezeichneten Kraftkomponenten einer vereinfachten Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode;
- Figur 2:
- einen Längsschnitt und einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und magnetischer Zentrierung;
Figur 3- einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und magnetischer Zentrierung, (a) Querschnitt mit drei peripheren Magneten, (b)
Querschnitt gemäss Figur 2 ; - Figur 4:
- einen Längsschnitt mit eingezeichneten Kraftkomponenten einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und magnetischer Zentrierung;
- Figur 5:
- einen Längsschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und alternativer magnetischer Zentrierung;
- Figur 6:
- einen Teil eines Längsschnitts und einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und alternativer magnetischer Zentrierung;
- Figur 7:
- einen Teil eines Längsschnitts und einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrostatischen Filteranlage mit Stabelektrode und alternativer magnetischer Zentrierung;
- Figur 8
- Zwei Meter lange Elektrode, ohne Magnetzentrierung;
Figur 9- Zehn Meter lange Elektrode, ohne Magnetzentrierung;
- Figur 10
- Zwei Meter lange Elektrode, mit Magnetzentrierung;
Figur 11- Zehn Meter lange Elektrode, mit Magnetzentrierung.
- FIG. 1:
- a longitudinal section with marked force components of a simplified electrostatic filter system with rod electrode;
- FIG. 2:
- a longitudinal section and a cross section of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and magnetic centering;
- FIG. 3
- a cross section of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and magnetic centering, (a) cross section with three peripheral magnets, (b) cross section according to
FIG. 2 ; - FIG. 4:
- a longitudinal section with marked force components of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and magnetic centering;
- FIG. 5:
- a longitudinal section of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and alternative magnetic centering;
- FIG. 6:
- a part of a longitudinal section and a cross section of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and alternative magnetic centering;
- FIG. 7:
- a part of a longitudinal section and a cross section of an inventive electrostatic filter system with rod electrode and alternative magnetic centering;
- FIG. 8
- Two meter long electrode, without magnet centering;
- FIG. 9
- Ten meter long electrode, without magnet centering;
- FIG. 10
- Two meter long electrode, with magnet centering;
- FIG. 11
- Ten meter long electrode, with magnet centering.
In
Im Betrieb wird eine Sprühelektrode 11, wie sie z.B. in einer Anordnung nach
Als nachteiliger Nebeneffekt der Elektrostatischen Filtertechnik, wie sie z.B. oben aufgezeigt wurde, kann - aufgrund der starken elektrostatischen Kräfte - die Sprühelektrode 11 eine Auslenkung α mit entsprechender Schwingung erfahren. Bei starker Auslenkung kann gegebenenfalls Kurzschluss zwischen der Sprühelektrode 11 und der Niederschlagselektrode (d.h. der Innenwand 29) entstehen. Um auftretende Schwingungen zu unterbinden oder wenigstens zu reduzieren, kann bei Röhrenabscheidern die Sprühelektrode 11 in der Regel mit einem Streckgewicht 27 zentriert sein. Durch ein Gewicht G wird die Elektrode 11 gestreckt und im Lot gehalten. Sobald die Elektrode 11 ausgelenkt wird, z.B. um den Auslenkwinkel α, ergibt sich ein Rückstelldrehmoment Mgr , welches durch die Gewichtskraft Fg verursacht wird. Die Rückstellkraft Fgr und die Elektrodenlänge sind für das Rückstellmoment verantwortlich:
Wobei sich die Rückstellkraft wie folgt verhält:
Bei gleichbleibender Auslenkstrecke S1 bleibt das Rückstellmoment Mgr über verschiedene Elektrodenlängen in der hier aufgezeigten Anlage ungefähr konstant. Da mit zunehmender Elektrodenlänge zwar der Winkel α und somit die Kraft Fgr kleiner, aber zugleich der Hebel mit der Elektrodenlänge Le grösser wird.With a constant deflection distance S1 , the restoring moment M gr remains approximately constant over different electrode lengths in the system shown here. As with increasing electrode length, although the angle α and thus the force F gr smaller, but at the same time the lever with the electrode length L e is greater.
Durch das unterschiedliche Potential (Spannung) zwischen der Sprühelektrode 11 und der Kollektorelektrode (d.h. z.B. der Kamininnenwand 29) kommt es zu einer anziehenden Wirkung. Die Sprühelektrode 11 hat die Tendenz gegen die Rohrinnenwand 29 gezogen zu werden. Befindet sich die Elektrode 11 exakt in der Mitte so heben sich alle elektrostatischen Kräfte auf. Bei einer Auslenkung S1 bzw. um den Winkel α ergibt sich somit der Abstand S2 zu der einen und S3 zu der anderen Kaminwand 29. Je kleiner der Abstand S2 bzw. S3 ist, umso stärker wirken die Anziehungskräfte zwischen den Potentialen. Die Kräfte hängen von der aktiven Fläche sowie dem Spannungspotential ab. Je grösser die Länge der Elektrode 11 und je höher die Spannung, umso grösser sind die elektrostatischen Kräfte. Die anziehenden Kräfte verhalten sich wie folgt:
Die Gesamtkraft der elektrostatischen Kräfte erfolgt durch die Summation
Mit der Verlängerung der Elektrode 11 steigt zum einen die Konstante k1 (Fläche), zum anderen wird der Hebel, welcher zum Auslenkmoment Mes führt grösser:
Das Gesamtdrehmoment Mtot ergibt sich aus der Summe der einzelnen auftretenden Drehmomente:
Ab einer gewissen Auslenkung der Elektrode wird das Moment Mes der elektrostatischen Kräfte grösser, als die der rückstellenden Gewichtskräfte Mgr . Ab diesem Punkt wird die Elektrode 11 an die Kamininnenwand 29 angezogen und verursacht einen Kurzschluss, welcher die Filterwirkung beeinträchtigt.From a certain deflection of the electrode, the moment M becomes greater it the electrostatic forces, when the restoring forces weight M gr. From this point, the
In den beiden
Es wurde festgestellt, dass abstossende Magnetkräfte zur Stabilisierung und Zentrierung eingesetzt werden können. Die zusätzliche Ausnutzung von rückstellenden Magnetkräften wird in
In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform wird eine Stabilisierung durch eine an der Sprühelektrode 11 und dem Kamin 9 angebrachte Magnetanordnung erzielt. Hierzu ist ein erster, zentraler Magnet 31 (welcher aus einem einzelnen Magneten oder mehreren Teilmagneten zusammengesetzt sein kann) an der Sprühelektrode 11 befestigt. Eine Mehrzahl von peripheren Magneten 33, welche den ersten, zentralen Magneten 31 umgeben, ist an einer Kaminwandung befestigt (jeder periphere Magnet kann ebenfalls aus einem einzelnen Magneten oder mehreren Teilmagneten zusammengesetzt sein). Vorteilhaft ist insbesondere eine Mehrzahl von zumindest drei peripheren Magneten 33. Hier aufgezeigt ist eine bevorzugte Mehrzahl von 12 peripheren Magneten 33. Zweckmässigerweise sind die peripheren Magnete 33 über den Umfang des Kamins 9 an dessen Wandung, z.B. an dessen Innenwand 29 oder bevorzugt dessen Aussenwand 35, verteilt angeordnet. Alle Magnete, sowohl alle peripheren Magnete 33 als auch der zentrale Magnet 31, sind so angeordnet, dass sie sich gegenseitig abstossen. Bevorzugt werden hierzu Stabmagneten verwendet, deren Nord-Süd-Achsen parallel und gleichgerichtet ausgerichtet sind. Die Verteilung der peripheren Magnete 33 ist derart, dass eine geschlossene imaginäre Verbindungslinie 37 (siehe
Vorzugsweise sind die Magnete 31, 33 kraftschlüssig mit ihrem jeweiligen Träger, d.h. dem Sprühmagneten 11 oder dem Kamin 9 verbunden. Zweckmässigerweise sind die peripheren Magnete 33 regelmässig verteilt, d.h. alle Magnete 33 sind gleichweit beabstandet vom zentralen Magneten 31 und alle peripheren Magnete 33 weisen annähernd gleichen Abständen untereinander auf. Diese Anordnung ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die peripheren Magnete 33 ungefähr gleich starke Magnetfelder erzeugen.Preferably, the
Gegebenenfalls kann ein Streckgewicht 27 zusätzlich zum zentralen Magneten, an der Sprühelektrode 11 befestigt sein. Dieses Streckgewicht 27 kann aufgrund seines Gewichts die Streckung und Ausrichtung der Sprühelektrode 11 weiter verbessern. Ein derartiges Streckgewicht 27 ist vorteilhafterweise unterhalb des zentralen Magneten 31 angeordnet.Optionally, a
Die peripheren Magnete 33 und gegebenenfalls der zentraler Magnet 31 können aus der Gruppe der Permanentmagnete ausgewählt sein. Als Streckgewicht kann gegebenenfalls ein Hochtemperaturmagnet eingesetzt werden. Dies ist besonders zweckdienlich bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen im Abgaskanal 13. Zum Schutz kann jeder Magnet 31, 33 in eine Schutzhülle, insbesondere in eine hermetisch geschlossene Schutzhülle, eingesetzt sein. Schutzhüllen können direkt am Kamin oder der Stabelektrode angebracht sein, z.B. durch verschrauben oder verschweissen. Schutzhüllen können alternativ an einem Gurt oder einer Manschette befestigt sein. Wobei dann der Gurt oder die Manschette am Kamin 9, bevorzugt an der Aussenwand 35 des Kamins 9 befestigt werden. Der Magnetkranz oder Magnetring (Magnete 33), welcher bevorzugt ausserhalb am Kaminrohr montiert ist, wirkt abstossend auf den zentralen Magneten 31, somit wird über abstossende Kräfte der zentrale Magnet 31 mittig im Magnetkranz und somit mittig im Abgaskanal 13 gehalten und gegebenenfalls positioniert.The
Ein elektrische Hochspannungsversorgung 23 liefert die elektrische Spannung für die Stabelektrode 11. Vorteilhafterweise ist zumindest die Innenwand 29 des Kamins 9 geerdet.An electrical
Die in
In
Durch die magnetische Anordnung, wie bereits vorgängig beschrieben, wird also eine weitere Kraftkomponente beigefügt. Die Magnete sind so positioniert, dass die Feldlinien gleichgerichtet sind und sich somit abstossen.As a result of the magnetic arrangement, as already described above, another force component is thus added. The magnets are positioned so that the field lines are rectified and thus repel.
Die magnetischen Kräfte hängen sehr stark vom Abstand der Magnetpaare ab. Befindet sich die Elektrode 11 zentriert in der Mitte so heben sich alle magnetischen Kräfte auf. Sobald jedoch die Elektrode 11 über einen Winkel α ausgelenkt wird ergibt sich der Abstand S2 zu einer und S3 zu anderen Seite. Die Kraftwirkung lässt sich vereinfacht wie folgt Beschreiben:
Wichtig zu erkennen ist, dass die magnetischen Kräfte den elektrostatischen Kräften entgegenwirken (Vorzeichen). Je kleiner der Abstand zwischen zwei Magnetpaaren ist, umso stärker stossen sich diese ab. Die Summe aller magnetischen Kräfte führt wiederum zu einem Drehmoment Mm, welches mit dem Drehmoment Mgr des Streckgewichtes 27gleich gerichtet.It is important to recognize that the magnetic forces counteract the electrostatic forces (sign). The smaller the distance between two magnet pairs, the stronger they repel each other. The sum of all magnetic forces in turn leads to a torque M m , which is equal to the torque M gr of the
Mit diesem magnetischen Drehmoment Mm, kann somit dem elektrostatischen Drehmoment Mes entgegengewirkt werden. Das Gesamtdrehmoment ergibt sich aus der Summe der einzelnen Drehmomente:
Die Elektrodenzentrierung bei einer 2 m Elektrode ist auch ohne Magnetzentrierung möglich. Wie aus
Die magnetischen Rückstellkräfte Fm können bei entsprechender Auswahl der Stärke der Magnete die Wirkung der auf dem Gewicht begründeten Rückstellkräfte Fgr bei relativ geringer Auslenkung deutlich übertreffen. Somit kann die Positionierung einer langen Sprühelektrode 11 durch die zusätzliche Verwendung von einander abstossenden Magneten deutlich verbessert werden. Schwingungen und Kurzschluss können somit wirksam unterdrückt bzw. verhindert werden.With appropriate selection of the strength of the magnets, the magnetic restoring forces F m can clearly exceed the effect of the restoring forces F gr established on the weight with relatively little deflection. Thus, the positioning of a
In
Zentrale und periphere Magnete, können als Stabmagnete ausgeführt sein, siehe
Die Zentrierung der Elektrode kann alternativ über einen oder mehrere Magnetringe erfolgen. Hierzu werden ein oder mehrere Magnetringe vorteilhafterweise um den Kamin gelegt, insbesondere auf der Höhe eines zentralen Magneten bzw, mehrerer zentraler Magnete, welcher bzw. welche an der Sprühelektrode befestigt sind.The centering of the electrode can alternatively be done via one or more magnetic rings. For this purpose, one or more magnetic rings are advantageously placed around the chimney, in particular at the level of a central magnet or, more central magnets, which or which are attached to the spray electrode.
Im Allgemeinen ist nicht entscheidend, welche Polarität oben ist. Wichtig ist jedoch, dass die Magnete gegeneinander abstossend wirken (vgl.
- 99
- Abgasrohr oder KaminExhaust pipe or chimney
- 1111
- Sprühelektrode, insbesondere ausgebildet als StabelektrodeSpray electrode, in particular designed as a rod electrode
- 1313
- Abgaskanalexhaust duct
- 1515
- Aufhängungsuspension
- 1717
- Halterarmholder arm
- 1919
- Isolatorinsulator
- 2121
- Steckverbindung, Schraubverbindung oder SteckschraubverbindungPlug connection, screw connection or plug-in screw connection
- 2323
- HochspannungsversorgungHigh voltage power supply
- 2525
- Längsachse des AbgaskanalsLongitudinal axis of the exhaust duct
- 2727
- Streckgewichtstretching weight
- 2929
- Innenwand des Abgaskanals bzw. KaminsInner wall of the exhaust duct or chimney
- 3131
- erster Magnet, zentraler Magnet, d.h. Magnet der Sprühelektrodefirst magnet, central magnet, i. Magnet of the spray electrode
- 3333
- weitere Magnete, periphere Magnetemore magnets, peripheral magnets
- 3535
- Aussenwand des Abgaskanals bzw. KaminsExternal wall of the exhaust duct or chimney
- 3737
- Imaginäre VerbindungslinieImaginary connecting line
- 3838
- Imaginäre TascheImaginary bag
- 3939
- Erste MagnetgruppeFirst magnet group
- 4040
- Zweite MagnetgruppeSecond magnet group
- 4141
- Erster, zentraler Magnet der zweiten MagnetgruppeFirst, central magnet of the second magnet group
- 4343
- Weitere, periphere Magnete der zweiten MagnetgruppeFurther, peripheral magnets of the second magnet group
- 4545
- HufeisenmagnetHorseshoe magnet
Claims (14)
- Electrostatic filtering installation comprising- an exhaust gas duct (13),- an elongated spray electrode (11) that is placed in the exhaust gas duct by being electrically insulated against the inner wall (29) of the exhaust gas duct,- a first magnet element (31, 41) fixed to the spray electrode and- a second magnet element (33, 43) fixed to the wall (29, 35) of the exhaust gas duct, which second magnet element comprises one or several single magnets, wherein the one magnet is formed as a ring or the single magnets are placed in a ring or a crown so that the second magnet element (33, 43) surrounds the first magnet element (31, 41),characterized in that the first magnet element (31, 41) and the second magnet element (33, 43) have a mutually repulsive effect on each other so that the first magnet (31, 41) as well as the spray electrode (11) are held in the exhaust gas duct (13) in a centered position spaced from the inner wall (29) of the exhaust gas duct (31).
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first magnet element (31, 41) comprises a bar magnet and/or the second magnet element (33, 43) comprises several bar magnets, several horseshoe magnets or several magnets with iron counterplates, in particular several magnets of the same strength.
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second magnet element (33, 43) is placed at the same height as the first magnet element (31, 41).
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second magnet element (33, 43) is fixed to the outer wall (35) of the exhaust gas duct, the second magnet element (33, 43) can preferably be fixed with a belt or a cuff on the circumference of the exhaust gas duct, wherein the fixing force of the belt or of the cuff is greater than the repulsive forces.
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a high-voltage supply (23) for feeding the spray electrode (11).
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an insulator (19) with a support arm (17) for the spray electrode (11).
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an elastic counterweight for fixing to the spray electrode (11).
- Electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second magnet group (40) is placed above or below a first magnet group (39) spaced therefrom, wherein each magnet group (39, 40) consists of a said first magnet element (31, 41) and a said second magnet element (33, 43).
- Method for operating an electrostatic filtering installation, wherein the electrostatic filtering installation comprises:- an exhaust gas duct (13),- an elongated spray electrode (11) that is placed in the exhaust gas duct by being electrically insulated against the inner wall (29) of the exhaust gas duct,- a first magnet element (31, 41) fixed to the spray electrode and- a second magnet element (33, 43) fixed to the wall (29, 35) of the exhaust gas duct, which second magnet element comprises one or several single magnets, wherein the one magnet is formed as a ring or the single magnets are placed in a ring or a crown so that the second magnet element (33, 43) surrounds the first magnet element (31, 41),characterized in that the first magnet element (31, 41) and the second magnet element (33, 43) have a mutually repulsive effect on each other so that the first magnet (31, 41) as well as the spray electrode (11) are held in the exhaust gas duct (13) in a centered position spaced from the inner wall (29) of the exhaust gas duct (31).
- Filter set for the assembly of an electrostatic filtering installation according to one of the claims 1-8 comprising:- an elongated spray electrode (11),- a first magnet element (31, 41) for fixing to the spray electrode and- a second magnet element (33, 43) comprising a magnet or several single magnets, wherein the one magnet is formed as a ring or which single magnets can be placed as a crown,characterized in that the set comprises a belt or a cuff for receiving the second magnet element.
- Filter set according to the preceding 10, characterized in that the belt or the cuff is equipped with recesses for the one magnet or the magnets of the second magnet element (33, 43), in particular with recesses in which the one magnet or the single magnets can be fixed and, if need be, that the belt or the cuff is equipped with clamping means that allow for a fixing of the belt or of the cuff around the exterior circumference of an exhaust duct.
- Filter set according to one of the preceding claims 10-11, characterized in that at least two first magnet elements (31, 41) and at least two second magnet elements (33 and 43) exist so that a first magnet group (39) and a second magnet group (40) can be assembled from one first magnet element (31, 41) and one second magnet element (33, 43) respectively, wherein there are, if need be, at least two belts or cuffs for receiving the at least two second magnet elements.
- Method for mounting a filter set according to one of the preceding claims 10-12, characterized in that- the elongated spray electrode (11) is placed insulated in the exhaust gas duct (13) and spaced from the inner wall (29) of the exhaust gas duct,- the first magnet element (31, 41) is mounted on the lower end of the spray electrode for fixing to the spray electrode and- the second magnet element (33, 43) is mounted on a wall (29, 35) of the exhaust gas duct in such a manner that it surrounds the first magnet element and has a magnetic repulsive effect on the first magnet element.
- Use of the filter set according to one of the preceding claims 10-12 for the equipment or the retrofitting of exhaust gas installations.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01253/11A CH705334A2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2011-07-27 | Centering a high voltage electrode by magnetic forces. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2551018A2 EP2551018A2 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2551018A3 EP2551018A3 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2551018B1 true EP2551018B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
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EP12178046.4A Active EP2551018B1 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2012-07-26 | Centering of a high voltage electrode by means of magnetic forces |
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EP (1) | EP2551018B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH705334A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20160325289A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-11-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Oil-Collecting Electrostatic Precipitator |
DE102014223917A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Sms Group Gmbh | Apparatus and method for purifying flue gas of a metallurgical plant |
CN107803275A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-16 | 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 | A kind of corona wire magnetic-force positioning device |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CA1159773A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1984-01-03 | George Drzewiecki | Wet electrostatic precipitator having removable nested hexagonal collector plates and magnetic aligning and rapping means |
FR2575675B3 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1987-02-06 | Bacot Dominique | ELECTROSTATIC WET FILTER |
DE3915639C1 (en) | 1989-05-12 | 1991-01-24 | Boehler Abfall-Abluft-Abwasser-Umweltschutz Ges.M.B.H., Feldkirch, At | |
US5714063A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 1998-02-03 | Brunsting; William J. | Apparatus for the removal of ferrous particles from liquids |
-
2011
- 2011-07-27 CH CH01253/11A patent/CH705334A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CH705334A2 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2551018A3 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2551018A2 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
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