EP2549814B1 - A method and a base station for beam coordination - Google Patents

A method and a base station for beam coordination Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2549814B1
EP2549814B1 EP11305954.7A EP11305954A EP2549814B1 EP 2549814 B1 EP2549814 B1 EP 2549814B1 EP 11305954 A EP11305954 A EP 11305954A EP 2549814 B1 EP2549814 B1 EP 2549814B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base station
interfering
interference
interfering beam
user terminal
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EP11305954.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2549814A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Gerlach
Volker Braun
Andreas Weber
Bozo Cesar
Oliver Stanze
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Priority to EP11305954.7A priority Critical patent/EP2549814B1/en
Priority to TW101123894A priority patent/TWI469559B/zh
Priority to CN201280035842.XA priority patent/CN103688583B/zh
Priority to US14/234,198 priority patent/US9647805B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/063204 priority patent/WO2013013954A1/en
Publication of EP2549814A1 publication Critical patent/EP2549814A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2549814B1 publication Critical patent/EP2549814B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024—Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/27—Control channels or signalling for resource management between access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for beam coordination between a base station and a further base station, and a base station and a user terminal adapted to perform said method.
  • Pico base stations In heterogeneous network (HetNet) scenarios using standards like e.g. Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) standard, so-called Pico base stations with their Pico cells are placed under the coverage of a so-called Macro base station.
  • a Pico base station typically covers a small area e.g. in buildings, train stations or aircrafts or outside due to its lower power, whereas a Macro base station covers a larger area than a Pico base station, as e.g. an outdoor area.
  • the interference on user terminals served by a Pico base station is usually dominated by the Macro base station that covers the Pico cell.
  • the dominating interference from the Macro base station must be reduced or even removed.
  • the interference in a smaller cell that is put under the coverage of a larger cell which is the source of said interference must be reduced or even removed.
  • the smaller cell may also be a Micro cell which has a coverage area which is slightly larger than the coverage area of a Pico cell.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose a method for beam coordination between the Pico base station and the Macro base station which leads to a reduced or even removed interference from the Macro base station.
  • the combined cell's throughput and the quality of service for the user terminals shall be maximized. Furthermore, moderate cell range extension of Pico cells shall be enabled, thus increasing the throughput fairness in the system.
  • time-domain Inter-Cell Interference Coordination can be used based on so-called almost blank subframes (ABS), and in case that e.g. two carriers are used, frequency-domain Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) can be used.
  • the time or frequency resources are no longer available altogether for the user terminals in the Macro cell, and the cell throughput of the Macro cell is reduced by that approach.
  • This reduction is not necessary since time or frequency resources need only be limited for certain beam directions that have an effect on the user terminals served by the Pico cell.
  • the Macro base station antennas bring about a beam-like transmission, only certain beams might impact the Pico cell, and it would be sufficient to avoid only said beams at least partially. So the known approaches impose unduly restrictions which are not necessary.
  • a method for transmission of data with interference mitigation wherein a serving base station may receive pilot reports from a terminal indicating or identifying strong interfering base stations, the serving base station may send an interference mitigation trigger to the terminal, and the terminal may send a reduce interference request to interfering base stations, which may perform beamsteering to reduce the interference.
  • a serving base station may receive pilot reports from a terminal indicating or identifying strong interfering base stations, the serving base station may send an interference mitigation trigger to the terminal, and the terminal may send a reduce interference request to interfering base stations, which may perform beamsteering to reduce the interference.
  • a reduce interference request may either be persistent and valid for a period of time, or non-persistent and only valid for one packet transmission.
  • certain beams from the Macro base station that hit the Pico cell should primarily be avoided in order to reduce the interference to the Pico cell's user terminals. So said beams might have a time restriction, and e.g. only 6 out of 10 subframes would be available in said beams. Simultaneously, the downlink transmission in the Macro cell should preferably not be reduced too much. So e.g. said restricted time resources are used in other beams inside the Macro cell to serve user terminals of the Macro cell.
  • certain times or certain frequencies are only restricted for certain beams.
  • Part of the invention is that measurements are consolidated by the Pico base station or another entity to get a long term decision on dominating beam interference in the Pico cell.
  • the beam interference is averaged and/or weighted according to relevance to come to a consolidated view which beams or precoding weigths are most relevant to producing interference to the Pico cell. This reduces communication needs, and avoids a subframe by subframe decision, which interfering beam from the Macro base station should be restricted in use.
  • the decision on dominating beam interference is then communicated to the Macro base station or to a further device in the network, e.g.
  • a so-called serving gateway or a central control entity a restriction of use of said interfering beam in the Macro base station is either requested e.g. by the serving gateway, another central entity or the Pico base station, or directly performed by the Macro base station.
  • a Macro base station might need to take care of multiple Pico cells in its coverage area, and so the restrictions in use of interfering beams should be coordinated to allow full power use in the Macro cell, e.g. by restricting different time resources in different beams for different Pico cells.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is based on a semi-static behavior, i.e. the decision which interfering beam from the Macro base station should be restricted in use is repeatedly taken and the decision is then valid on a time scale which is above the length of a subframe.
  • the invention can be combined with the use of almost blank subframes (ABS) in the Macro base station, such that user terminals with otherwise too high physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) block error rate (BLER) are scheduled only during blanked subframes of the neighboring Macro cell, while user terminals with acceptable PDCCH BLER can profit from the invention.
  • ABS almost blank subframes
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • BLER block error rate
  • the object is thus achieved by a method for beam coordination between a first base station, as e.g. a Macro base station, and a second base station, as e.g. a Pico base station, wherein
  • the object of the invention is furthermore achieved by a base station for performing beam coordination between the base station and a further base station, wherein the base station comprises at least one processing means which is adapted to
  • the object of the invention is furthermore achieved by a base station for performing beam coordination between the base station and a further base station, wherein the base station comprises at least one processing means which is adapted to restrict dependent on a ranking of interfering beams transmitted from the base station which are relevant for creating interference for the area served by the further base station, a use of at least one radio resource in the base station in at least one ranked interfering beam.
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • Fig. 1 shows as an example of a communication network in which the invention can be implemented a communication network CN according to the standard 3GPP LTE.
  • Said communication network CN comprises Macro base stations M1-M3, a Pico base station P1, user terminals UE1-UE8, a serving gateway SGW, a packet data network gateway PDNGW, and a mobility management entity MME.
  • the user terminals UE1 and UE2 are connected via radio connections to the Pico base station P1, and each of the user terminals UE3-UE8 is connected via radio connections to one of said Macro base stations M1-M3.
  • each of the user terminals UE3-UE8 could also be connected via radio connections to multiple of said Macro base stations M1-M3.
  • the Macro base stations M1-M3 are in turn connected to the serving gateway SGW and to the mobility management entity MME, i.e. to the evolved packet core (EPC), via the so-called S1 interface.
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • the Pico base station P1 is connected to the serving gateway SGW and to the mobility management entity MME, which is not depicted in fig. 1 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the Macro base stations M1-M3 and preferably also the Pico base station P1 are connected among each other via the so-called X2 interface.
  • the Pico base station P1 is connected to the Macro base station M1 either via fixed or a radio connection, which is not depicted in fig. 1 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the serving gateway SGW is connected to the packet data network gateway PDNGW, which is in turn connected to an external IP network IPN.
  • the S1 interface is a standardized interface between one of the Macro base stations M1-M3 or the Pico base station P1, i.e. an eNodeB in this example, and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
  • the S1 interface has two flavours, S1-MME for exchange of signalling messages between one of the Macro base stations M1-M3 and the mobility management entity MME and S1-U for the transport of user datagrams between one of the Macro base stations M1-M3 and the serving gateway SGW.
  • the X2 interface is added in 3GPP LTE standard primarily in order to transfer the user plane signal and the control plane signal during handover.
  • the serving gateway SGW performs routing of the IP user data between the Macro base stations M1-M3 and the Pico base station P1 respectively, and the packet data network gateway PDNGW. Furthermore, the serving gateway SGW serves as a mobile anchor point during handover either between different base stations, or between different 3GPP access networks.
  • EPS Evolved Packet System
  • the mobility management entity MME performs tasks of the subscriber management and the session management, and also performs the mobility management during handover between different access networks.
  • the Pico base station P1 and the related coverage area of the Pico cell CP1 is placed under the coverage area of the Macro base station CM1.
  • the downlink transmission from the Macro base station M1 is the dominating source of interference on the downlink transmission to the user terminals UE1 and UE2 served by the Pico base station P1.
  • the interference from the Macro base station can be reduced or even removed, which will be described below under fig. 3 .
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the structure of a user terminal UE and a base station BS in which the invention can be implemented.
  • the base station BS comprises by way of example three modem unit boards MU1-MU3 and a control unit board CU1, which in turn comprises a media dependent adapter MDA.
  • the three modem unit boards MU1-MU3 are connected to the control unit board CU1, and to a respective remote radio head RRH1, RRH2, or RRH3 via a so-called Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).
  • CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
  • Each of the remote radio heads RRH1, RRH2, and RRH3 is connected by way of example to two remote radio head antennas RRHA1 and RRHA2 for transmission and reception of data via a radio interface. Said two remote radio head antennas RRHA1 and RRHA2 are only depicted for the remote radio head RRH1 in fig. 2 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the media dependent adapter MDA is connected to the mobility management entity MME and to the serving gateway SGW and thus to the packet data network gateway PDNGW, which is in turn connected to the external IP network IPN.
  • the user terminal UE comprises by way of example two user terminal antennas UEA1 and UEA2, a modem unit board MU4, a control unit board CU2, and interfaces INT.
  • the two user terminal antennas UEA1 and UEA2 are connected to the modem unit board MU4.
  • the modem unit board MU4 is connected to the control unit board CU2, which is in turn connected to interfaces INT.
  • the modem unit boards MU1-MU4 and the control unit boards CU1, CU2 may comprise by way of example Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), micro processors, switches and memories, like e.g. Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memories (DDR-SDRAM) in order to be enabled to perform the tasks described below.
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • DSP Digital Signal Processors
  • DDR-SDRAM Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memories
  • the remote radio heads RRH1, RRH2, and RRH3 comprise the so-called radio equipment, e.g. modulators and amplifiers, like delta-sigma modulators (DSM) and switch mode amplifiers.
  • modulators and amplifiers like delta-sigma modulators (DSM) and switch mode amplifiers.
  • IP data received from the external IP network IPN are transmitted from the packet data network gateway PDNGW via the serving gateway SGW to the media dependent adapter MDA of the base station BS on an EPS bearer.
  • the media dependent adapter MDA allows for a connectivity to different media like e.g. fiber or electrical connection.
  • the control unit board CU1 performs tasks on layer 3, i.e. on the radio resource control (RRC) layer, such as measurements and cell reselection, handover and RRC security and integrity.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • control unit board CU1 performs tasks for Operation and Maintenance, and controls the S1 interfaces, the X2 interfaces, and the Common Public Radio Interface.
  • the control unit board CU1 sends the IP data received from the serving gateway SGW to a modem unit board MU1-MU3 for further processing.
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • ARQ segmentation and Automatic Repeat Request
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the three modem unit boards MU1-MU3 perform data processing on the physical layer, i.e. coding, modulation, and antenna and resource-block mapping.
  • the coded and modulated data are mapped to antennas and resource blocks and are sent as transmission symbols from the modem unit board MU1-MU3 over the Common Public Radio Interface to the respective remote radio head RRH1, RRH2, or RRH3, and the respective remote radio head antenna RRHA1, RRHA2 for transmission over an air interface.
  • the Common Public Radio Interface allows the use of a distributed architecture where base stations BS, containing the so-called radio equipment control, are connected to remote radio heads RRH1, RRH2, and RRH3 preferably via lossless fibre links that carry the CPRI data.
  • This architecture reduces costs for service providers because only the remote radio heads RRH1, RRH2, and RRH3 containing the so-called radio equipment, like e.g. amplifiers, need to be situated in environmentally challenging locations.
  • the base stations BS can be centrally located in less challenging locations where footprint, climate, and availability of power are more easily managed.
  • the user terminal antennas UEA1, UEA2 receive the transmission symbols, and provide the received data to the modem unit board MU4.
  • the modem unit board MU4 performs data processing on the physical layer, i.e. antenna and resource-block demapping, demodulation and decoding.
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • the processing on the modem unit board MU4 results in IP data which are sent to the control unit board CU2, which performs tasks on layer 3, i.e. on the radio resource control (RRC) layer, such as measurements and cell reselection, handover and RRC security and integrity.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the IP data are transmitted from the control unit board CU2 to respective interfaces INT for output and interaction with a user.
  • data transmission is performed in an analogue way in the reverse direction from the user terminal UE to the external IP network IPN.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a communication network with Macro base stations M1-M3, a Pico base station P1, and user terminals UE1-UE8 for beam coordination according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Said communication network CN corresponds in principle to the communication network depicted in fig. 1 .
  • a serving gateway, a packet data network gateway, and a mobility management entity as well as the S1 interfaces and the X2 interfaces are not depicted in fig. 3 .
  • the user terminals UE1 and UE2 are connected via radio connections to the Pico base station P1, and each of the user terminals UE3-UE8 is connected via radio connections to one or multiple of said Macro base stations M1-M3.
  • the Pico base station P1 and the related coverage area of the Pico cell CP1 is placed under the coverage area of the Macro base station CM1.
  • the downlink transmission from the Macro base station M1 is the dominating source of interference on the downlink transmission to the user terminals UE1 and UE2 served by the Pico base station P1.
  • Said beamforming results in downlink beams B1-B5 transmitted from the Macro base station M1.
  • Separately encoded data signals can be transmitted via said downlink beams B1-B5 of the downlink channel on the same time/frequency - multiple access resource. In standards different than current LTE, data signals can be transmitted via said downlink beams B1-B5 of the downlink channel on the same time/frequency/code - multiple access resource.
  • CQI is a parameter indicating a channel quality of a downlink beam with a largest average received modulated carrier power.
  • the CQI parameter is an index for a transport format of the downlink channel.
  • PMI is a parameter indicating a beam index, which corresponds to a precoding vector of the downlink beam for which the channel quality is reported in case PMI and CQI are reported together.
  • the beam index belongs to an entry of a codebook, which contains precoding vectors with all allowed transmit antenna weight combinations.
  • RI is a parameter estimated by the mobile station indicating a number of streams which can be sufficiently separated by the receiver of a user terminal.
  • Fig. 3 exemplarily shows five downlink beams B1-B5 which are built by allowed antenna weight combinations.
  • Each downlink beam B1-B5 is directed towards a slightly different direction in space.
  • Said downlink beams B1-B5 can be seen as interfering beams B1-B5 for user terminals UE1 and UE2 served by the Pico base station P1.
  • the first user terminal UE1 is located within the coverage area of the interfering beams B2 and B3
  • the second user terminal UE2 is located within the coverage area of the interfering beam B3.
  • the codebook is known by the Macro base station M1 and by all user terminals UE1, UE2 currently served by the Pico base station P1.
  • Table 1 Beam Tx antenna weights first weight parameters w1_i for the first remote radio head antenna RRHA1 second weight parameters w2_i for the second remote radio head antenna RRHA12 B1 w 1_1 w 2_1 B2 w 1_2 w 2_2 B3 w 1_3 w 2_3 B4 w 1_4 w 2_4 B5 w 1_5 w 2_5
  • the Macro base station M1 transmits reference signals e.g. via a first and a second antenna, as e.g. the remote radio head antennas RRHA1 and RRHA2 in fig. 2 .
  • CRS cell specific reference signals
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • release 8 or 9 3GPP LTE OFDM
  • such reference signals may also be channel state information reference signals (CSI RS) which have been introduced in release 10 3GPP LTE.
  • CSI RS channel state information reference signals
  • the first user terminal UE1 receives the reference signals and determines a complex received value g 1 of the sent out reference signals.
  • the complex received value g 1 is to be determined for a certain sub-carrier.
  • Reception powers P_g 1_ s 1 and P_g 1_ s 2 for the reference signals to be transmitted by the Macro base station M1 via the first antenna and the second antenna and measured by the first user terminal UE1 via a third antenna are equal to
  • the first user terminal UE1 calculates a MISO channel vector H for a first downlink channel.
  • the MISO channel vector H is time-dependent and frequency-dependent.
  • the first user terminal UE1 can calculate the elements h 11 and h 12 of the MISO channel vector H based on the complex received value g 1 determined beforehand and based on the transmission vector s .
  • the first user terminal UE1 calculates received carrier powers P_S_i for each allowed precoding vector. Such received carrier powers P_S_i can be for example average received modulated carrier powers.
  • N is the number of the allowed precoding vectors and is equal to five according to the exemplary precoding vector selection of the table 1.
  • the first user terminal UE1 determines a received interfering power, i.e. interference strength, of at least one downlink beam by calculating squared absolute values of each complex element h 1_ i', and averaging the squared absolute values over a certain time and/or frequency for a certain amount of received reference signals.
  • a received interfering power i.e. interference strength
  • the first user terminal UE1 can calculate based on the precoding codebook used in the Macro cell which precoding by the Macro base station M1 would create the largest interference impact for the first user terminal UE1.
  • the third interfering beam B3 shall exemplarily be the downlink beam for the first user terminal UE1 with the highest interference strength
  • the second interfering beam B2 shall exemplarily be the downlink beam for the first user terminal UE1 with the second highest interference strength.
  • an interference strength per each downlink beam can be determined.
  • the first user terminal UE1 transmits information about the precoding vector and the related interference strength of the interfering beam B3 with the highest interference strength, and of the interfering beam B2 with the second highest interference strength to the Pico base station P1.
  • information about the precoding vectors and the related interference strength of a predefined number of interfering beams with highest interference strength, information about the precoding vectors and the related interference strength of a number of interfering beams with an interference strength above a predefined threshold, or even information about the precoding vectors and the related interference strength of all interfering beams are transmitted from the first user terminal UE1 to the Pico base station P1.
  • the third interfering beam B3 shall exemplarily be also the downlink beam for the second user terminal UE2 with the highest interference strength.
  • information about the precoding vectors and the related interference strength of interfering beams with an interference strength about a predefined threshold shall be transmitted.
  • the interfering beams B3 and B2 and for the second user terminal UE2 shall have an interference strength above the predefined threshold and are thus reported to the Pico base station P1 together with the corresponding interference strength.
  • a ranking of the interfering beams is only performed based on an order and/or on an amount of reports of the reported interfering beams, and not based on the absolute value of the interference strength.
  • the reports from all served user terminals UE1, UE2 over a certain averaging time constitute a statistics for the Pico base station P1, which can perform a ranking of the interfering beams. If one precoding matrix indicator (PMI) is e.g. reported only seldom and with low impact, it can be ignored. Based on these reports over the averaging time the Pico base station P1 identifies the interfering beams or precoding matrices e.g. by statistical filtering which are the most relevant for creating interference for user terminals UE1, UE2 served by the Pico base station P1.
  • PMI precoding matrix indicator
  • the relevance of the interfering beams of the Macro cell could be determined for example in relation to the frequency of occurrence, e.g. a first interfering beam is reported by 80% of all served user terminals as the dominant source of interference, whereas a second interfering beam is only reported by 50% of all served user terminals as the dominant source of interference, i.e. the sum of reports ⁇ UEs R i of interfering beams B i from all user terminals served by the Pico base station P1 directly gives the ranking of the interfering beams, with R i being 1 if a user terminal reports the beam B i as dominant interfering beam, and with R i being 0 if a user terminal does not report the beam B i as dominant interfering beam.
  • CQI Channel Quality Indicator
  • the ranking of the interfering beams is based both on the frequency of occurrence of the interfering beams, and on the interference power
  • the ranking can e.g. be determined by means of a sum of the interference power ⁇ UEs IP i of interfering beams B i of all user terminals, with IP i being the interference power of the interfering beams B i .
  • the Pico base station P1 performs a statistical evaluation of the interfering beams B2, B3 reported by the different user terminals UE1, UE2 served by the Pico base station P1.
  • the interfering beam B3 is reported both from the first user terminal UE1, and from the second user terminal UE2 as dominant interfering beam, the interfering beam B3 will be the one with the highest ranking followed by the interfering beam B2 reported only by the first user terminal UE1 as the interfering beam with the second highest interfering strength.
  • the Pico base station P1 performs these tasks, in particular if the Pico base station P1 covers only a small geographic area, e.g. due to small transmit power.
  • the Pico base station P1 is enabled to receive the downlink signals, i.e. reference signals, from the macro cell, which is also known as sniffing. This can be achieved by means of the Pico base station P1 temporarily stopping to transmit a downlink signal in order to receive on this carrier. This can be done e.g. periodically or during times of low traffic load or event-driven, e.g. triggered via signaling from Operations and Maintenance (O&M) or from the Macro cell.
  • O&M Operations and Maintenance
  • the Pico base station P1 then reports the ranking of the interfering beams to the Macro base station M1, which in turn restricts the use of radio resources, as e.g. time or frequency resources, e.g. at least in the interfering beam B3 with the highest ranking.
  • radio resources e.g. time or frequency resources
  • the reports from all served user terminals UE1, UE2 and the resulting statistics are not evaluated in the Pico base station P1, but the reports are transferred to another entity which does the evaluation based on one or multiple Pico base station inputs.
  • the Macro base station M1 requests information at least from the Pico base station P1 about influence of the at least one interfering beam B2-B4 transmitted from the first base station M1, as e.g. the ranking of the interfering beams, to foster a decision about beam usage restriction.
  • the restriction of use of radio resources in the interfering beams with the highest ranking is intended to be constant for longer time intervals.
  • restriction is changed e.g. only after a certain number of subframes but with the assumption that the decision is valid for a time period of several subframes, which may be e.g. defined. This is important since the maximum amount of communication over a base station backhaul interface might not allow for more exchange of information. So this makes restriction setting possible even if the base station communication is limited.
  • the Macro base station M1 informs at least the Pico base station P1 about the restrictions of the use of radio resources e.g. at least in the interfering beam B3 with the highest ranking, and the Pico base station P1 schedules one or more of its served user terminals UE1, UE2 on at least one of the radio resources that has been restricted in use from the Macro base station M1.
  • the Pico base station P1 requests restrictions of the use of radio resources e.g. at least in the interfering beam B3 with the highest ranking, and if all requested restrictions are always fulfilled from the Macro base station M1, there is no need for the Macro base station M1 to inform the Pico base station P1 about said restrictions of the use of radio resources.
  • the Pico base station P1 reports the ranking of the interfering beams to a central entity e.g. the serving gateway SGW, which in turn restricts the use of radio resources as described above.
  • a central entity e.g. the serving gateway SGW
  • the Pico base station P1 requests from the Macro base station M1 or the serving gateway SGW a restriction of the use of radio resources, as e.g. time or frequency resources, e.g. at least in the interfering beam B3 with the highest ranking. Such request is then granted or not.
  • radio resources e.g. time or frequency resources, e.g. at least in the interfering beam B3 with the highest ranking.
  • the most interfering beam or beams for a certain Pico cell might also be statically configured, i.e. restricted in use in the Macro cell, via Operations and Maintenance (O&M), especially in scenarios with low multipath propagation, e.g. rural scenarios. In this case calibrated antennas will ease such a preconfiguration.
  • O&M Operations and Maintenance

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP11305954.7A 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 A method and a base station for beam coordination Not-in-force EP2549814B1 (en)

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EP11305954.7A EP2549814B1 (en) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 A method and a base station for beam coordination
TW101123894A TWI469559B (zh) 2011-07-22 2012-07-03 波束協調的方法及其基地台
CN201280035842.XA CN103688583B (zh) 2011-07-22 2012-07-06 波束协调方法以及用于该方法的基站和用户终端
US14/234,198 US9647805B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2012-07-06 Method for beam coordination, and a base station and a user terminal therefor
PCT/EP2012/063204 WO2013013954A1 (en) 2011-07-22 2012-07-06 A method for beam coordination, and a base station and a user terminal therefor

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