EP2548412A1 - Led-lighting system - Google Patents
Led-lighting systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2548412A1 EP2548412A1 EP11710726A EP11710726A EP2548412A1 EP 2548412 A1 EP2548412 A1 EP 2548412A1 EP 11710726 A EP11710726 A EP 11710726A EP 11710726 A EP11710726 A EP 11710726A EP 2548412 A1 EP2548412 A1 EP 2548412A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- led
- module
- color
- voltage
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the operation of LEDs, including inorganic LEDs as well as organic LEDs (OLEDs).
- LEDs including inorganic LEDs as well as organic LEDs (OLEDs).
- OLEDs organic LEDs
- P M modulation to perform dimming so that in the ON periods of a PWM pulse train, said constant current control is performed. When dimming so then the duty cycle of the PWM signal is changed.
- an actively clocked PFC circuit Power Factor Correction Circuit, power factor correction circuit
- further requirements in the operation of LEDs are to be considered, for example, that usually a galvanic separation between the LED line and the supply voltage of the PFCs, typically an AC line voltage, is required.
- the invention now makes several approaches, such as an LED route can be operated in a particularly advantageous manner.
- a first aspect of the invention provides a method for operating a light source with an LED module, which has at least two LED channels (53, 53 ') each having an LED path of different emission colors,
- the intensity of the LED lines is individually controlled
- intensities for the LED paths are each normalized in such a way that the overall intensity of the light output remains constant during a change of the color locus within a controllable color range provided for the operation.
- the normalization of the intensities of the LED paths can be carried out on the basis of a reference value which corresponds to the intensity of the color locus which has the lowest efficiency within the controllable color range provided for the operation.
- the color location with the lowest efficiency can be determined on the basis of previously determined efficiencies for the individual LED routes.
- the color location with the lowest efficiency can be determined experimentally as part of a scan.
- the scan can be performed periodically and / or operationally.
- the controllable color range provided for the operation may comprise at least part of the Planck's white light curve.
- the controllable color range provided for the operation can substantially correspond to the Planck's white light curve.
- the light source may comprise at least one monochromatic and at least one dye-converted LED, and may in particular comprise a monochromatic blue LED, a monochromatic red LED and a greenish-white dye-converted LED.
- the dimming or setting of the intensities of the individual LED sections can be done by means of pulse width modulation.
- the invention also relates to an arrangement for emitting light with a light source having an LED module, comprising
- a control unit which is designed to individually control the intensity of the LED lines in order to achieve a light output with a color tone corresponding to a desired color location
- intensities for the LED paths are respectively set or normalized by the control unit in such a way that when the color locus is changed within a controllable color range provided for the operation, the intensity of the total light output remains constant.
- the normalization of the intensities of the LED paths can be carried out on the basis of a reference value which corresponds to the intensity of the color locus which has the lowest efficiency within the controllable color range provided for the operation.
- the arrangement can be designed to independently determine the color location with the lowest efficiency.
- the arrangement may further comprise a sensor for detecting the light output, wherein the control unit (E) may be configured to generate light corresponding to different color loci within the scope of a scan by differently driving the LED paths and based on the sensor obtained at the different color loci -Information to determine the color location with the lowest efficiency.
- the control unit may be designed to perform the scan at regular intervals and / or depending on the operation.
- the provided for the operation controllable color range lamb at least include a part of the Planck's white light curve.
- the controllable color range provided for the operation can substantially correspond to the Planck's white light curve.
- the light source may comprise at least one monochromatic and at least one dye-converted LED, and may in particular comprise a monochromatic blue LED, a monochromatic red LED and a greenish-white dye-converted LED.
- the dimming or setting of the intensities of the individual LED paths can take place, for example, by means of pulse width modulation (PWM).
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the invention also relates to an integrated control circuit, in particular ASIC or microcontroller, which is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims.
- Fig. 1 shows the modular structure of a
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of an isolated DC / DC converter, in the form of an inverter with consequential resonant circuit and transformer.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically further control modes for the
- Fig. 5 shows the generation according to the invention
- Fig. 6a and 6b show the LED module with several
- the modular circuit concept according to the invention has a first module 1, which is preferably supplied with the input voltage 9, in particular mains AC voltage. This input voltage 9 is supplied to a first sub-module A, which typically rectifies the as
- Input voltage 9 is applied AC voltage, in which case the rectified AC voltage of an actively clocked PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit of the sub-module A, if present, is supplied.
- the output voltage of the first submodule A is a DC voltage, referred to below as an output V Bu s ⁇ , which is fed to a second submodule B of the first module 1.
- the second sub-module B has essentially the function of a galvanic isolation (insulation) and can, for example, have as a galvanic separating element a transformer.
- the submodule G is a control unit of the module 1, which may be implemented in particular as an integrated circuit, such as ASIC or microprocessor or hybrid thereof.
- control unit G controls this control unit G active switching elements of the second sub-module B, which may be configured, for example in the form of a half-bridge (for example, a half-bridge driver and two switches in series, see below Fig. 2), one of the transformer 19 of the second sub-module B supplied AC voltage generated.
- the control unit G may have programming inputs, whereby programming or calibration programming of the control unit G is possible. For this, the terminals of the control unit G can be led out to the board of the second sub-module B, to allow programming of this sub-module B and thus the control unit G even after delivery of the sub-module B.
- the control unit G is connected to a memory 52.
- the second submodule B of the first module 1 denotes a galvanic decoupling via which the control unit G of the module 1 communicates with the submodule D as an interface circuit.
- Interface circuit D may comprise a data interface 11, which may be designed in particular for connecting an external analog or digital bus 10, for example in accordance with the DALI industry standard. Alternatively or additionally, however, it is also possible to transmit unidirectional or bidirectional signals at this data interface 11 or interface circuit D in accordance with other standards. Furthermore, it is alternatively or additionally possible to receive signals at this data interface 11 or interface circuit D which, on the basis of a data interface 11 or interface circuit D, themselves or externally
- the essential functions of the first module 1 are thus the provision (at the output of the second sub-module B) of a DC voltage (by rectification of the
- a second module 2 spatially separated from said first module 1 is a second module 2 as a circuit module intended.
- This second module 2 essentially has the
- lamp management s x Function of the so-called , lamp management s x , which means that this second module 2 on the one hand supplies the connected lamps (here the LED track 8 with one or more LEDs) with constant current and on the other hand feedback variables (schematically indicated by 13) from the range of the LED Route 8 receives.
- the DC supply voltage 5 at the output of the second submodule B of the first module 1 is thus supplied to a further submodule C, as a controllable constant current source.
- This further submodule C thus supplies the LED path with constant current via an output 7.
- the second module 2 may include a plurality of converter stages (a plurality of further submodules C as constant current sources), wherein these converter stages (further submodules C as constant current sources) can each control separate (independent) LED paths 8.
- the further submodule C can be used both as a clocked constant current source (that is, for example as
- Buck converter also called buck converter or isolated flyback converter also called flyback converter
- a linear regulator realized with transistors or integrated circuits
- the second module 2 has its own control unit E, which in turn may be designed as a microcontroller, ASIC or hybrid thereof.
- This control unit E of the second module 2 thus contains feedback variables 13 from the region of the LED path 8.
- the control unit E activates the one or more further submodules C in the second module 2. This is the current controlled by the LED track 8, it can be detected and monitored for correct operation of the LEDs and error detection but also other feedback variables such as the LED voltage or temperature.
- control unit E via a communication interface 6, which is designed in addition to the DC supply voltage 5, with the control unit G of the first module 1 are unidirectional or bidirectional in data communication.
- the communication interface 6 can also be used to transmit the low-voltage supply (there is then both a data communication and an energy transfer).
- the communication interface 6 can also be integrated into the DC supply voltage 5, for example, the polarity of the DC supply voltage 5 can be switched or a carrier signal to the DC supply voltage 5 are modulated.
- the second module 2 here as a lamp management module, preferably housed in a common housing 12 with the actual LED module F.
- the LED module F may have its own memory 4, for example in the form of an EPROM.
- the reference numeral 3 denotes schematically that the control unit E of the second module 2 can access this memory 4 of the LED module F.
- the PFC circuit is optional only.
- the illustrated functions of the submodules A, B and C can also be integrated circuit-wise, so that, as long as these functions are basically present, they do not have to be reflected in a corresponding structure of the circuit topology.
- the advantage of the modular construction according to FIG. 1 is, for example, that the first module 1 or the second module 2 can be produced by different manufacturers.
- a plurality of second modules 2 in the sense of a master / slave operation can be connected to a first module 1.
- the modular design also allows the respective sub-modules and in particular the second module 2 to be interchangeable while retaining the remaining components.
- the second module 2 is housed in a common housing 12 with the actual LED module F, there is the advantage that this combination of the second module 2 and LED module F can be adjusted in itself, so that, for example, their radiation characteristics,
- Light quantity, light color and / or light control can be parameterized and thus adjusted.
- the first module 1 and also the user can thus have one or more matched systems, which can then be controlled at the same time and behave accordingly.
- This internal balancing of the combination of the second module 2 and the LED module F can take place, for example, using one of the following methods: - Adjustment during production or during commissioning
- the communication between the first module 1 and the second module 2 via the communication interface 6 is accordingly preferably standardized.
- Communication interface 6 is thus also standardized, since it is independent of different to the first module 1 can be applied bus protocols or control signals. The communication over the internal
- Communication interface 6 combined with the modular design of the system has the advantage that the operating data for the optimal feeding of the second module 2 can be transmitted from the second module 2.
- the second module 2 (preferably starting from the control unit E) can transmit the required operating data via the internal communication interface 6 to the first module 1.
- Examples of the feedback quantities 13 from the LED track 8 are the directly or indirectly measured LED current and / or the voltage across the LED track 8.
- operating data for the LEDs of the LED track 8 can be stored, for example, at the manufacturer. These data in this memory 4 can thus be, for example, characteristic values, the permissible maximum values for current and / or voltage, temperature dependence of electrical or optical (spectra) parameters of the LEDs, etc. Also these operating data for the LEDs (for example data from the memory 4) can over the internal
- Communication interface 6 are transmitted to the first module 1.
- a first module 1 in the sense of a master can supply a plurality of second modules 2. This means that a single first module 1 more second modules 2 not only supplied with a DC supply voltage 5, but also communicates with these bidirectionally in the sense of an internal communication interface 6.
- the control unit G in the first module 1 can control the second submodule B, which is preferably clocked.
- the same control unit G or preferably also a further control unit can also regulate the operation of the PFC of the first submodule A, ie for example activate the switch of the PFC of the submodule A and for signals from the area of the PFC, such as the input voltage Current through an inductance of the PFC, the current through the switch of the PFCs, the output voltage of the PFCs, as shown schematically by arrows in Fig. 1.
- the PFC can be, for example, a boost converter (boost converter), flyback converter (buck-boost converter, an isolated flyback converter or SEPIC converter).
- boost converter boost converter
- flyback converter buck-boost converter
- isolated flyback converter SEPIC converter
- the output voltage (bus voltage) V bus of the PFC of the first sub-module A is in a range of several hundred volts DC. Due to the transformer 19 in the second sub-module B, therefore, this DC voltage can be lowered, for example to a voltage in the range of 20 to 60 volts, preferably 40 to 50 volts DC.
- the DC supply voltage 5 is after the output of the first module 1 in a lower level than the internal voltage prevailing in the first module 1 voltages, which meets the requirements for example, the isolation of the DC Supply voltage 5 to the second module 2 and to the second module 2 itself lower claims.
- a second output voltage for example a DC low-voltage supply for the second module 2 can be generated in the first module 1 and provided to the second module 2.
- An advantage of the modular construction with internal communication interface 6 as described above is that the second module 2 can be switched off while the first module 1 continues to be used for the
- Communication interface 6 is responsive or possibly also via the communication interface 6 send messages.
- the first module 1 can perform an emergency light detection (switching from AC to DC supply or rectified AC supply).
- the control unit G for example as a microcontroller, of the first module 1 in this idle state can only be supplied with power via the external bus 10 if the idle state of the external bus 10 (for example in the case of DALI) is not equal to 0 volts. It is therefore possible to use an energy transmitted via the external bus 10 to supply the control circuit G (in particular as start-up energy for the control circuit G or a low-voltage supply circuit). Thus, the actual power supply of the first module 1 can be turned off in this idle state.
- a wake-up signal is sent via the external bus 10, which provides a starting energy as a power for short-term supply for the control circuit G or a low-voltage supply circuit.
- the first module 1 completely in a state of rest without energy consumption be offset.
- the wake-up signal may also be a data transmission or a momentary connection of a voltage.
- first module 1 central module
- selectively selected ones of these several second modules 2 can be switched off. This also leads to a saving of electrical losses.
- it can be provided that only one or a subset of the plurality of second modules 2 supplied by the first module 1 is operated to achieve the lower basic brightness for the emergency lighting operation.
- the second module 2 (lamp management module) may also have an additional interface (not shown).
- This additional interface can be designed, for example, wired or wireless.
- data can be read out from the second module 2 via this interface, in particular for maintenance purposes, such as the replacement of a second module 2.
- Supply voltage 5 power transmission
- the additional interface is arranged on the second module 2 spatially separated from the communication interface 6.
- the first module 1 a second sub-module B, which has the function of an insulating transducer.
- This second sub-module B is supplied starting, for example, from the PFC of the first sub-module A with a DC voltage ( bus voltage) V bus .
- This second sub-module B has a clocked insulating DC / DC converter as explained in detail below. This will now be explained with reference to Figure 2.
- FIG. 2 shows that the output voltage of the module A (for example PFCs), namely the bus voltage V Bu3, is fed to an inverter 14, which can be designed, for example, as a half-bridge inverter with two switches S1, S2.
- the control signals for the timing of the switches Sl, S2 can be generated by the control unit G of the first module 1.
- a resonant circuit 15, here designed as a series resonant circuit, namely an LLC resonant circuit adjoins the midpoint 29 of the inverter 14.
- a first inductance 16 a coupling capacitor 17, a transformer 19.
- the resonant circuit 15 is followed by a transformer 19 with a primary winding 20 and a secondary winding 21.
- the inductance 16 may be integrated in the transformer 19, as will be explained later.
- the transformer 19 is shown as an equivalent circuit diagram.
- the primary winding 20 has in reality an inductance 18 as an integrated leakage inductance and, in addition, a main inductance Lm which carries the magnetizing current.
- the transformer 19 is followed by a rectifier 22, at the output of which the lowered DC supply voltage 5 for the lamp management module 2 is provided.
- the transformer 19 thus provides the necessary galvanic decoupling (insulation with respect to the first module 1 supplied input voltage 9).
- the rectifier 22 can be carried out as known per se with two or four diodes, but it can meanwhile also a so-called synchronous rectifier
- the rectifier 22 can thus be designed both as an active rectifier (with actively connected elements such as MOSFET) or as a passive rectifier (with passively connected elements such as diodes). It can be a full-wave rectification or just one
- Half-wave rectification done.
- a storage capacitor 23 It can be present at the output and other filter elements such as one or more inductors and / or additional capacitors for smoothing and stabilizing the output voltage.
- the inductance 16 does not have to be present as a separate component. Rather, the scattering of the primary winding 20 of a real transformer can take over this function.
- the first inductance 16 is to be formed by the scattering of the primary winding 20 of the transformer 19, care is taken to ensure that there is no perfect coupling between the primary winding 20 and the secondary winding 21 of the transformer 19.
- the necessary scattering effect can be achieved in a targeted manner, which can functionally achieve the first inductance 16. While this scattering effect should not be sufficient, an inductance 16 actually present as a separate component will also be provided.
- the combination of the inverter 14 with the resonant circuit 15 and the following rectifier 22 thus forms an insulating by the transformer 19 DC / DC converter as an energy-transmitting converter.
- Parallel resonant circuits The advantage of using a resonant circuit in such an energy-transmitting DC / DC converter in the exploitation of a resonance peak to allow at nominal load or high load on the secondary side as low-loss switching of the switches Sl, S2 of the inverter 14. This is usually done in the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit or in the vicinity of a harmonic of a resonance of the output circuit.
- the output voltage (to the storage capacitor 23) of the transmitted converter is thus a function of the frequency of driving the switches Sl, S2 of the inverter 14, here as a half-bridge inverter.
- the drive frequency of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14 will be away from the resonance frequency elevated. Meanwhile, as the driving frequency changes, the phase angle between the voltage and the AC current at the center point 29 of the inverter 14 also changes.
- the phase angle between current and voltage at midpoint 29 is very low.
- the phase angle is very large (see Figure 3c) and may for example be up to 50 °. In this state, therefore, currents continue to flow through the inverter 14, which lead to electrical losses without any appreciable power flowing into the LED track 8.
- a combined control can be provided.
- the combined control consists in that two control variables are used for the variable ⁇ output voltage of the energy-transferring isolated converter ⁇ , namely, in addition to the clocking of the at least one switch S1, S2 of the inverter 14, the change of the bus voltage V BU s of the inverter 14.
- the change in the bus voltage V BU s can be achieved by appropriate control of the PFCs of the first submodule A.
- the bus voltage V BU3 can be adjusted by appropriate control of the PFCs of the first submodule A.
- the PFC of the first submodule A can change the operating mode either independently or through a corresponding activation, in particular by the control unit G.
- the PFC of the first sub-module A can operate in either high-load operation in either bordering operation between bordering mode or borderline mode or continuous conduction mode, and low load or low-load operation Stand by mode in discontinuous conduction mode.
- the PFC of the first sub-module A when operating a low load or in stand-by mode in so-called burst mode changes.
- the supply voltage (bus voltage V Bu s) is kept the same, but after a number of AnSteuerimpulsen for the one or more switches of the PFC a longer break inserted before the next "Burst" (pulse) is applied as a drive signal for the switches of the PFC.
- the pause between the pulse trains is much longer, that is, for example, at least twice the addition of the switch-on time of the switches of the PFC.
- Another possibility is to extend the dead time (see FIGURE 3b) between the ON periods of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14 in the "frequency of the switch" control variable while the frequency remains the same, for example the frequency reduction of the power supply to a maximum permissible value Triggering frequency of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14.
- the second control variable is then used to further reduce the power consumption, namely the extension of the dead time between the switch-on periods of the switches S1, S2.
- Another option is to set the ratio of the switch-on time to the same frequency Off time of the switches Sl, S2 of the inverter 14 to change (ie the duty cycle).
- the duty ratio is reduced as the load decreases. It is thus possible, for example, to increase the frequency reduction of the power supply to a maximum permissible drive frequency of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14. At this maximum permissible frequency (corresponding to the maximum permissible phase angle), the second control variable is then used to further reduce the power consumption, namely the change in the turn-on time duration of the switches S1, S2 (at the same frequency).
- FIG. 3a Another possibility to introduce a further control variable is the introduction of a so-called burst mode (that is to say a pulse-pause operating mode or else pulse mode), see FIG. 3a.
- the supply voltage bus voltage V BU s
- V BU s bus voltage
- the drive frequency is given a maximum permissible value
- the frequency is no longer increased to reduce the load provision.
- a longer pause is taken before the next "burst" (pulse) is applied as drive signal for the switches S1, S2
- the pulse trains is much longer, that is, for example, at least twice the addition of the switch-on of the switches Sl, S2.
- Storage capacitor 23 then from until it reaches the lower limit of the predetermined ripple corridor. Upon reaching the lower limit, the next pulse train is applied, so that this rise and fall of the voltage (ripple) on the storage capacitor 23 will repeat cyclically. So there is a hysteretic regulation.
- the burst packets ie the period in which is temporarily clocked
- the bursts may also be generated at a variable repetition rate and / or duration of the packets.
- the adaptive adjustment of the operating mode (control variable) of the DC-DC converter is dependent on the load on the secondary side, ie the load supplied by the voltage on the storage capacitor 23.
- a signal reproducing the load can be fed back to the drive circuit (IC in the control circuit G in FIG. 1), or an externally supplied dimming signal can be used.
- the power consumption of the load can on the secondary side (in terms of Transformers 19), but also on the primary side of the transformer 19 are measured.
- the voltage drop across a measuring resistor 24 in series with the switches S1, S2 or at least in series with one of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14 may be used.
- the actual power consumption then essentially constitutes a product of the supply voltage ( bus voltage V bus ) (measured or at least kept constant by the PFC) with this current measured by the inverter 14 via the voltage drop across the measuring resistor 24.
- a primary-side detection was given for a signal representing the power consumption of the load.
- secondary-side feedback signals such as the current through and / or the voltage across the LED track 8, etc., can be used as a feedback signal, which feedback signal represents the power consumption of the load.
- a preferred sequence of the adaptive combined control is to carry out the reduction for the load by continuously increasing the drive frequency of the switches S1, S2 of the inverter 14 until a fixed maximum frequency is reached. When this maximum frequency is reached, but the power supplied to the load is to be further reduced, the drive circuit will then adaptively select one of the other modes listed above. For example, when reaching the allowed
- the bus voltage V bus is lowered, then the maximum frequency of the control of the Switches Sl, S2 are maintained, or even if this can be overcompensated by lowering the bus voltage V bus or the other selected control variable, the drive frequency even be lowered back to a lower setpoint range.
- a clocked DC-DC converter as a sub-module B, wherein the adaptivity relates to the adaptation of the control variables depending on the load of the secondary side of the DC-DC converter.
- the sub-module B can also be formed by an inverter with a switch, for example as a Class-E converter or quasi-resonant flyback converter.
- a second module 2 with a further converter stage can be connected to the storage capacitor 23, wherein the second one Module 2 (lamp management module) may have a control unit E, eg as an integrated circuit.
- the further submodule C can be embodied both as a clocked constant current source (that is, for example, as a buck converter, ie Buck converter) or as a linear regulator (realized with transistors or integrated circuits). But it can also be directly connected to the output of the second sub-module B LEDs.
- a clocked constant current source that is, for example, as a buck converter, ie Buck converter
- a linear regulator realized with transistors or integrated circuits
- External dimming commands can, as shown in FIG. 1, be supplied to the control unit G of the first module 1, but also to the control unit E of the second module 2.
- the control unit E of the second module 2 can transmit the dimming information to the control unit G of the first module 1, so that no measurement signal must be present for the power consumption, but rather from one of the control unit G for the DC-DC converter in the second module B present dimming information can be used.
- the adaptive adjustment of the second submodule B can, however, also take place on the basis of a dimming command supplied externally or else due to feedback by the second module 2.
- the control of the switches Sl, S2 of the inverter 14 can be done via the control unit G via a driver stage.
- a driver stage Preferably, at least the driver stage for the high-potential switch of the inverter is designed for driving at a high voltage potential.
- this driver stage is a level offset stage, a driver stage with a transformer or a driver stage with air coil. This driver stage can also be integrated in the control unit G.
- the control unit G may further comprise means for avoiding errors in the operation of the inverter. For example, over-current shut-offs or current limits for the current may be present through at least one switch.
- the dead time for driving the inverter may be adjustable (i.e., the time between the opening of one switch (eg, Sl) and the closing of the second switch (S2)). Preferably, this dead time is adaptively adjustable, for example, depending on the midpoint voltage at the inverter 14 or the current or the voltage across a switch of the inverter 14th
- the control unit G can also monitor the bus voltage V Bus , in particular also the ripple of the bus voltage V Bu s (ie the fluctuations within a certain time). Depending on the evaluation of the ripple of the bus voltage V Bus , the control unit G can influence the control of the inverter 14. In particular, it can adapt the frequency of the inverter 14 to the evaluation of the ripple of the bus voltage V Bus in order to reduce the ripple at the output of the inverter 14. Preferably, the frequency of the inverter is increased with increasing bus voltage V bus , and lowered with decreasing bus voltage V bus . In this way it can be achieved that this ripple on the bus voltage V bus is less continued to the output of the inverter 14.
- Data communication between the first module 1 and the second module 2 (lamp management module):
- the communication interface 6 (internal bus) between the first module 1 and one or more second modules 2, 2 will now be explained as lamp management modules.
- the first module 1 as a central unit or Master be designated.
- the second modules 2, 2 ' may be referred to as slaves.
- a standardized communication is provided for the communication interface 6, which is provided in addition to the DC supply voltage 5.
- standardized is meant that the protocol of the communication interface 6 is independent of the external communication protocol via the data interface 11 of the first module 1.
- the communication via the communication interface 6 is bidirectional and can be done, for example, according to the SPI protocol (Serial Peripheral Interface Bus).
- SPI protocol Serial Peripheral Interface Bus
- Communication interface 6 (internal bus) takes place preferably electrically isolated, for example using optocouplers or transformers.
- a fundamental function of the communication interface 6 may be the transmission of dimming commands from the first module 1 to the second modules 2, which have been received via the external bus 10, for example.
- new control information or commands for the second modules 2 can also be derived from the dimming commands received via the external bus 10.
- Data communication via the internal bus (communication interface 6) is that data stored in one of the second modules 2, 2 'can be transmitted via the internal bus (communication interface 6) to the control unit G of the first module 1.
- This is advantageous in that the data storage in the second modules 2, 2 'is closer to the LED track 8, so that there is a higher heating, which leads to a possibly irreproducible loss of data storage in the field of lamp management modules ( second modules 2, 2 ') can follow.
- these data can then be the first module 1 in the sense of a backup again stored. Examples of this data transmitted via the communication interface 6 are operating data for the LED route 8, such as temperatures, operating times, electrical parameters, etc.
- the data After the data has been transferred from one of the lamp management modules (second modules 2, 2 ', 2 n ') to the first module 1, they can, of course, be further processed and also read out via the external bus 10 connected to the data interface 11.
- the external bus 10 via the external bus 10, a further analysis of the operating data, for example a failure analysis, an aging compensation depending on the transmitted operating time duration of the LED route 8, etc., take place.
- the standardized approach for the internal bus (communication interface 6) also has the advantage that lamp management modules (second modules 2, 2 ') can be exchanged in a simple manner.
- the data stored in a lamp management module (second modules 2, 2 ') to be exchanged can be stored in the first module 1 already described above after transmission via the communication interface 6. If then the lamp management module is replaced, the stored in the first module 1 operating data can be transferred back to the newly installed lamp management module so that it is then configured identically to the replaced lamp management module.
- Such operating data are color coordinates, color coordinates or other parameters influencing the spectrum of the LED route 8.
- Over the communication interface 6 can also load changes or special operating conditions or Comparable events are transmitted from a second module 2, 2 'via the communication interface 6 to the first module 1. It can be one
- Vorabsignalmaschine of expected load changes or operating state changes take place, so that the control unit G in the first module 1, the control of the PFCs in the first sub-module A and / or the control of the second sub-module B adaptively adaptively.
- the control unit G of the first module 1 parameters for the inverter 14 shown in Figure 2 and / or controller characteristics for controlling the PFCs in the first Adapt submodule A.
- the first module 1 receives dimming commands via the external bus 10 and the data interface 11 or the interface circuit D, which indicate a load change of the LED route 8, such information or a signal representing the operating state change can be transmitted via the bus or the communication interface 6 are transmitted to the second modules 2, 2 ', so that the control unit E provided in the second modules 2, 2' can also adapt control parameters, for example for the constant current source (further submodule C) in accordance with the expected load change.
- the master / slave system shown in Figure 4 also has advantages in terms of reducing electrical Losses, since a kind of standby operation can be provided in which one, several, or even all of the second module 2, 2 'connected to a first module 1 are switched off, while at least the control unit G of the first module 1 continues to be connected externally Bus 10 can monitor via the data interface 11 and the interface circuit D.
- the master / slave system illustrated in FIG. 4 can preferably be addressed only via the bus 10 connected to the data interface 11 or the interface circuit D of the first module 1.
- it can be an internal hierarchical distribution, possibly including addressing via the internal bus
- an addressed communication can take place towards the second modules 2, 2 '.
- a broadcast mode may also be provided, i. an undressed data transmission from the first module 1 to all connected second modules 2, 2 '.
- a command transmitted by the first module 1 via the internal bus (communication interface 6) is received and evaluated by all second modules 2, 2 '.
- the communication interface 6 can also be used to transmit the low-voltage supply (there is then both a data communication and an energy transfer). For example, a so-called active low data transmission can be used, wherein at rest, a level of a few volts, for example 12V, is applied. In the case of a coupling, for example via transformers, energy could nevertheless also be transmitted even if the communication interface 6 is electrically isolated.
- a low-voltage supply for example by a second module 2 (lamp management module) active coolant 40, such as a fan, etc. can be supplied.
- active coolant 40 is thus not supplied directly from the first module 1, but preferably individually via each connected lamp management module 2 with electrical power.
- FIG. 5 again shows how the bus voltage V BU sr is generated, for example, by the PFC module of the first module 1, to an inverter.
- the inverter has only one switch Sl in contrast to the inverter 14 as a half-bridge inverter of FIG.
- the primary winding 20 of the transformer 19 is shown following the inverter with the switch Sl.
- a rectifier 22 is supplied, in which the output voltage of the rectifier 22 directly or indirectly the LED track 8 is supplied.
- the primary and secondary windings 20, 21 represent the already explained above path to the electrical power supply (DC supply voltage 5) of the LED route of the LED module F.
- the inverter according to FIG. 5 may be a converter having one or more switches, such as a half-bridge inverter (see FIG. 2, for example) or an isolated flyback converter.
- Secondary winding 30, which is thus also magnetically coupled to the primary winding 20.
- a rectifier circuit having a diode 31 and a capacitor 32
- a secondary-side DC low-voltage power supply V C cs is generated by appropriately selecting the winding ratios of the windings 20, 30. Also shown in the figure, this secondary-side DC low-voltage power supply V C cs is also supplied to the second module 2.
- the second module 2 can then use this low-voltage power supply in different ways, namely:
- a still further (and thus third) secondary winding 33 is magnetically coupled to the primary winding 20 of the transformer 19. This secondary winding 33 feeds a rectifier with a diode 42 and a capacitor 43, serves to generate a primary-side
- V CCP Low-voltage power supply V CCP - Under primary side is to be understood that this low-voltage power supply V CCP is used in the first module 1 (ie on the network side, ie before a potential separation), for example as
- the power transfer across the DC power supply 5 supply to the LED module F may be 48 volts DC
- the voltage levels of the low voltage power supplies V ccs and V CCP are significantly lower, for example, in the range of 2 to 12 volts DC.
- Power supplies are supplied from the first module 1 to each connected second module 2.
- the sensor 41 which is functionally associated with the second module 2, may be a brightness sensor, for example a photodiode with optional evaluation logic.
- the senor 41 which is functionally associated with the second module 2, can also be a temperature sensor whose output signal is, for example, for determining the temperature of the LED junction of the LEDs of the LED module F can be used.
- this sensor 41 can also be used as a temperature sensor for regulating the operation of the active cooling, for example of the coolant 40 (preferably as a fan).
- a temperature determination of the temperature of the LED junction by evaluating the characteristic and measuring electrical parameters of the LED route of the LED module F done.
- an inverter with one or more switches S1, S2 may be present.
- an inverter 14 shown in Figure 2 as a half-bridge inverter are to call the flyback converter, a SEPIC or a forward converter. In any case, there is an isolated converter.
- a starting resistor Rl can be supplied in a manner known per se, which supplies the control unit G with energy until the primary-side low-voltage supply V C CP is generated as expected since the generation of the primary side and also the secondary side
- Low voltage power supplies V CCP and V ccs one clock of the second submodule B (DC / DC converter). If the actual low-voltage power supply then started from the isolated converter (second sub-module B), the ohmic starting resistor Rl can be switched off again with the switch S3, so as to avoid electrical losses via the starting resistor Rl in the regular operation of the circuit.
- the low voltage power supplies VCCS A VQCP are obtained by means of a full bridge rectifier. But it can also be used only a single diode for rectification.
- the secondary DC low-voltage power supply V ccs for the second module 2 can be supplied to a coolant driver 50, for example a DC / DC converter or else a linear regulator, for voltage stabilization, as shown in FIG. 5, in which case the stabilized output voltage of this DC / DC converter Converter or linear regulator 50, the control unit E of the second module 2 feeds.
- a coolant driver 50 for example a DC / DC converter or else a linear regulator, for voltage stabilization, as shown in FIG. 5, in which case the stabilized output voltage of this DC / DC converter Converter or linear regulator 50, the control unit E of the second module 2 feeds.
- the LED module F can be provided in a memory 4 assigned to it, for example with an EPROM, FLASH or OTP.
- the control unit E for example an integrated circuit or a microcontroller of the second module 2 access the memory 4 of the LED module F, so as to selectively read out, for example, its memory contents.
- the data read out from this memory 4 can then also be sent, for example, from the control unit E of the second module 2 to the first module 1 via the communication interface 6 (internal bus).
- the data in the memory 4 may be, for example, the runtime, manufacturing data, error logging, maximum value, minimum values (eg for current and voltage) and / or the temperature.
- control unit E of the second module 2 read this data and store it in a memory associated with it in the sense of a backup.
- the control unit E of the second module 2 can refresh the memory 4 of the LED module F periodically or depending on the operating state or event.
- the LED module F itself has no memory.
- the corresponding data, for example the permissible forward current for the LEDs of the LED track 8 can in this case be written in the memory 51 assigned to the control unit E of the second module 2. This can be done during the production of the second module 2, for example.
- the LED module F is provided with an identification tag, such as the operating data represents or at least represents an identification for the LED module F.
- the identification tag is then read out by the control unit E of the second module 2 and stored, for example, in a memory assigned to the control unit E of the second module 2. This thus only once read data content of the identification tag can then be used for the further operation of the LED module F.
- the identification tag can only be a pure identification.
- the lamp management module (second module 2) would determine the identification data and then determine operating data independent of the LED module F, for example also a database content accessible via the external bus 10.
- the approach has the advantage that thus the cost of the additional memory 4, for example, an Eprom of the LED module F can be saved.
- the possibility of reading out the memory 4 of the LED module F by the control unit E has the advantage that a very different LED modules F can be combined with a lamp management module (second module 2), the required operating data being from the LED Module F can be read and the lamp management module (second module 2) can thus adapt flexibly to the connected LED module F.
- Light power calibration
- the LED module F has two, three or even more independently controllable channels 53, 53 ', 53 ".
- Each channel 53, 53 ', 53' ' may have an LED track 8, 8', 8 '' with one or more LEDs.
- the LEDs of an LED track 8, 8 ', 8' ' are almost identical in terms of their spectrum.
- the goal is that the different LED channels 53, 53 ', 53' 'of the LED module F in the color space (eg CIE standard color chart) span a space within which the desired controllable color coordinates lie.
- the color space eg CIE standard color chart
- an embodiment of the two or more LED channels 53, 53 ', 53 "of the LED module F is preferred such that the encompassed space comprises at least large areas of the Planck's white light curve.
- An exemplary embodiment could therefore be: a first channel with one or more monochromatic blue LEDs,
- a third channel with one or more dye-converted LEDs, preferably in the green-white spectrum.
- each color location (coordinate) can be controlled within the triangle formed thereby.
- the example above spans a triangle in color space that covers at least large areas of Planck's white light curve.
- substantially every point of the Planck's white light curve can be driven, i. it can - as a result of a mixture of the light of the multiple LED channels - white light with different color temperature are emitted .
- the different LED channels in order to control the different color loci, in particular on the Planck's white light curve, the different LED channels must be driven with different intensity, wherein the intensity can be achieved, for example, by amplitude modulation (current through the LEDs) and / or PWM modulation.
- the light intensity of the respective LED is crucial, which is then recalculated into a electrical control variable with known efficiency of the LED.
- the total light output should now remain constant even when departing from different color loci, in particular on the Planck's white light curve.
- the calibration factor can be calculated based on the known efficiencies of the LEDs used.
- the total light output when departing different color locations in particular in the manner of a scan of Planck's white light curve with simultaneous Measurement of total light output can be measured.
- a measurement thus determines, on the one hand, the minimum total light output within the color loci to be removed and the dependence of the total light output on the color locus.
- the calibration factor for reducing the intensities of the individual LED paths in terms of PWM dimming can be performed.
- the calibration is generated by a reduction in the duty cycle of a PWM drive.
- this can also be done by adjusting the amplitude (in the sense of amplitude dimming).
- the calibration can be done on an adjustment of the amplitude.
- the said intensity scan can be carried out repeatedly, since the different LEDs with regard to their efficiency (intensity per stream) have different aging phenomena that must be compensated and can lead to different efficiencies.
- a dye-converted LED will have a higher degree of aging than monochromatic LEDs.
- said intensity scan can also be used for monitoring the aging when the operating data of the LED are known (for example stored in the memory 4 of the LED module F).
- aging parameters can already be determined by the manufacturer and, for example, stored in the memory 4, which is assigned to the LED module F.
- Coolant 41 Actuators or sensors
- VCCP primary-side low-voltage supply
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010003058 | 2010-03-19 | ||
DE102010031236A DE102010031236A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2010-07-12 | LED lighting system |
PCT/EP2011/054180 WO2011113950A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Led-lighting system |
Publications (2)
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EP2548412A1 true EP2548412A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
EP2548412B1 EP2548412B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
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EP11710726.8A Active EP2548412B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Led-lighting system |
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EP (1) | EP2548412B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102010031236A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011113950A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102012108965B4 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-08-14 | Exscitron Gmbh | Power source with improved dimming device |
CN103209532B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-01-14 | 武汉大学 | Intelligent street lamp lighting energy-saving device based on alternating current chopping technology |
DE102014100041A1 (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-09 | Insta Elektro Gmbh | device arrangement |
DE102014100040A1 (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-09 | Insta Elektro Gmbh | dimmer |
AT16178U1 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-03-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Multi-channel device with emergency lighting functionality and read-out function |
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DE102004047766C5 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2014-02-27 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | lighting device |
DE202005020801U1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-14 | Erco Leuchten Gmbh | Lamp for use in building, has electrically erasable programmable ROM registering data set describing characteristics of LEDs, where data set contains information e.g. about maximum, measured luminous flux of LEDs |
DE102005022832A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Arnold & Richter Cine Technik Gmbh & Co. Betriebs Kg | Headlamp for film and video recordings |
EP1958483B1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2012-06-13 | Martin Professional A/S | Method and apparatus for controlling a variable-colour light source |
CN101548583A (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2009-09-30 | Tir科技公司 | Light emitting element control system and lighting system comprising same |
DE102007044556A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | Arnold & Richter Cine Technik Gmbh & Co. Betriebs Kg | Method and device for adjusting the color or photometric properties of an LED lighting device |
DE102007052854A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Münchner Hybrid Systemtechnik GmbH | LED lamp's light emission controlling method, involves selecting color temperature based on luminance reference value, and controlling LEDs for adjusting selected color temperature with respect to desired luminance of LED lamp |
-
2010
- 2010-07-12 DE DE102010031236A patent/DE102010031236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-03-21 WO PCT/EP2011/054180 patent/WO2011113950A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-03-21 EP EP11710726.8A patent/EP2548412B1/en active Active
- 2011-03-21 DE DE112011100963T patent/DE112011100963A5/en not_active Withdrawn
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DE102010031236A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
DE112011100963A5 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
WO2011113950A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP2548412B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
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