EP2541144A1 - Verbrennungsofen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung - Google Patents

Verbrennungsofen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2541144A1
EP2541144A1 EP11425168A EP11425168A EP2541144A1 EP 2541144 A1 EP2541144 A1 EP 2541144A1 EP 11425168 A EP11425168 A EP 11425168A EP 11425168 A EP11425168 A EP 11425168A EP 2541144 A1 EP2541144 A1 EP 2541144A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyzing
air
incinerator according
gases
incinerator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11425168A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerardo Carretta
Claudio Mazzari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tecnoborgo SpA
Original Assignee
Tecnoborgo SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tecnoborgo SpA filed Critical Tecnoborgo SpA
Priority to EP11425168A priority Critical patent/EP2541144A1/de
Publication of EP2541144A1 publication Critical patent/EP2541144A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F23J3/023—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the fireside of watertubes in boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incinerator, particularly for waste-to-energy plants.
  • Incinerators are known for the disposal of urban waste, special waste similar to urban waste, sanitary waste and biological muds, which exploit the heat deriving from the combustion of the waste in order to produce electricity.
  • the urban and similar wastes are accumulated in a special accumulation pit the environment of which is kept in partial vacuum in order to prevent the propagation of odors.
  • the wastes, together with biological muds that have previously been dehydrated and sanitary waste that has previously been checked, in order to ensure it is free from radioactive waste, are introduced into special hoppers adapted to convey the waste to the furnaces.
  • the step is performed of burning the waste, which is fed by the presence of a forced air current necessary to supply the quantity of oxygen required to feed the combustion.
  • the heat passes through the steam generator, located downstream of the furnace, and causes the vaporization at high pressure of water which is circulating in special pipe bundles that constitute the steam generator.
  • the exhaust gases of the combustion are also treated in order to prevent the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.
  • the treatment of the exhaust gases involves the passage thereof through a filtering system for the abatement of dusts and of the pollutants contained, both chemical and solid.
  • the structure of the steam generator where this preheating of the water takes place is known as an economizer.
  • an ammoniac solution (ammonia or urea) is injected for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in nitrogen gas and water vapor.
  • the exhaust gases Downstream of the electrostatic precipitator the exhaust gases are additivised, in special reactors, with high surface area lime or sodium bicarbonate and activated charcoal in order to abate the acid components and the sulphur oxides, and in order to neutralize the dioxins and furans.
  • the exhaust gases then pass through bag filters in order to capture the residual sodium products and in order to abate the finer dusts still present, before being released into the atmosphere through a smokestack.
  • the incinerators of the known type are not devoid of drawbacks, including the fact that in the treatment of exhaust gases just described the ammoniac solution injected in the combustion chamber in order to reduce the nitrogen oxides (NOx) is even more harmful than the nitrogen oxides themselves, and therefore it is necessary to guarantee its complete use as a reagent for the chemical reaction of conversion of the nitrogen oxides into nitrogen gas and water vapor, and thus prevent the release thereof via the smokestack.
  • the presence of the catalyzer enables the reaction to take place at lower temperatures, preferably between 270°C and 310°C, and increases the yield of the reduction reaction, thus further reducing accordingly the emission of ammonia in the smokestack.
  • an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases is therefore required, of at least 50-100°C, in order to enable the catalytic-type system to function in the correct range of temperatures, with an inevitable waste of energy due to the increase in consumption of fuel necessary to raise the temperature.
  • a further drawback of conventional incinerators consists in that they have a major visual impact which is caused by the installation of the structures, considerable in size, adapted to contain such catalytic-type systems.
  • the aim of the present invention consists in providing an incinerator, particularly for waste-to-energy plants, that solves the above mentioned technical problems, that compensates for the drawbacks and that overcomes the limitations of the known art, by making it possible to efficiently abate the pollutants present in the exhaust gases from combustion.
  • an object of the invention is to provide un incinerator that makes it possible to limit the emission of ammonia to the smokestack thus avoiding energy waste.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an incinerator that can ensure an efficient operation of the abatement systems of nitrogen oxides, even with easier maintenance operations.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an incinerator the components of which can be used to upgrade incinerators with the installation of catalytic-type systems for the abatement of nitrogen oxides without leading to an increase in the encumbrances of the incinerator proper.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an incinerator that is capable of offering the widest guarantees of reliability and safety in use.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing an incinerator that is easy to implement and economically competitive when compared to the known art.
  • an incinerator particularly for waste-to-energy plants, comprising at least one steam generator, said at least one steam generator defining at least one combustion chamber, an evaporation section, a superheating section and at least one economizer in mutual sequence, characterized in that said steam generator comprises at least one catalyzing assembly situated along the route of the gases generated by the combustion in said incinerator in a position having an operating temperature comprised substantially between 270°C and 310°C, said route of the gases being defined between said superheating section and said economizer, and said at least one catalyzing assembly being provided with cleaning means adapted to remove the ashes carried by said exhaust gases and which can accumulate in the ducts for conveying the exhaust gases of said at least one catalyzing assembly.
  • the incinerator particularly for waste-to-energy plants, comprises a steam generator, generally designated with the reference numeral 1 and defining inside it a combustion chamber 2 provided with grilles, an evaporation section 3 located immediately downstream of the combustion chamber 2, then a superheating section 4 and, downstream of the superheating section 4, an economizer 5.
  • the superheating section 4 and the economizer 5 define a chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases.
  • the economizer 5 is located downstream of the superheating section 4, with respect to the direction of the route of the gases generated by combustion.
  • such chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases extends substantially horizontally, defining a substantially horizontal route of the gases.
  • accumulation cones 7, 8, 9 are advantageously provided, which are located in a lower region of the chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases and are adapted to collect the ashes and the heavier dusts contained in the exhaust gases, which fall downward as a result of gravity.
  • the economizer 5 comprises four banks 10, 11, 12, 13 arranged in mutual series. Of these banks, some, designated with the reference numerals 10, 12, 13, contain pipe bundles 15 inside which the water supplying the steam generator circulates.
  • the remaining bank, designated with the reference numeral 11, comprises at least one catalyzing assembly 50, advantageously of the selective catalytic reduction type.
  • the bank 11 containing the catalyzing assembly 50 is advantageously situated in a portion of the route of the gases that has a temperature substantially comprised between 270°C and 310°C, preferably equal to 300°C.
  • the catalyzing assembly 50 comprises a plurality of catalytic packs 19, substantially cubic and organized in a plurality of catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18 arranged in mutual sequence in the main direction of travel of the exhaust gases along the route of the gases.
  • Each catalyzing layer 16, 17, 18 occupies the entire cross-section of the chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases, defined by the containment walls 14 of the chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases.
  • the catalyzing assembly 50 or each one of the catalyzing layers 16, 17 and 18 is provided with cleaning means 20 that are adapted to remove the ashes and dusts from the ducts for conveying the exhaust gases through each catalyzing assembly or layer.
  • the cleaning means 20 advantageously comprise one or more air nozzles 20a, 20b, blowing on the front wall of the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18 in a direction that is substantially the same as the main direction of travel of the exhaust gases along the route of the gases.
  • the air nozzles 20a, 20b that constitute the cleaning means 20 are movable crosswise with respect to the main direction of travel of the exhaust gases so as to affect substantially all of the surface of the front wall of the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18.
  • the cleaning means 20 advantageously comprise a pair of air nozzles 20a, 20b for every front wall of the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18, mutually parallel and each affecting at least one part, preferably half, of the surface of the front wall.
  • the air nozzles 20a, 20b are rigidly coupled to means of translational motion 24, which are adapted to the translational movement of the air nozzles 20a, 20b in a crosswise direction with respect to the main direction of the route of the gases, so as to affect the entire surface of the front wall of the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18.
  • Each air nozzle 20a, 20b comprises a horizontal tubular element 21, 22 constituted by an inner tube and an outer tube fitted substantially concentrically over the inner tube, and two vertical tubular elements 26, 27 and 28, 29 respectively arranged one to the right and one to the left of the horizontal tubular element 21, 22 of each air nozzle 20a, 20b, and connected with the tubular element 21, 22, so that the passage of air between the horizontal tubular elements 21, 22 and the vertical tubular elements 26, 27 and 28, 29 is guaranteed.
  • the vertical tubular elements 26, 27, 28 and 29 are in fact connected to air supply means.
  • Each horizontal tubular element 21, 22 is provided on the outer tube with a plurality of radial holes mutually aligned along three lines substantially parallel to the axis of the tubes and directed so as to allow the outflow of air in the direction of the front wall of the catalytic layers 16, 17 and 18, substantially in the same direction of travel of the exhaust gases.
  • an interspace that constitutes an air distribution chamber, adapted to maintain a substantially constant pressure of the air in the interspace and thus an outflow of the air from the radial holes at a substantially homogeneous pressure.
  • the means of translational motion 24 comprise a pair of actuators 41 and 42, advantageously of the pneumatic piston type, associated with the air nozzle 20a, and a pair of actuators 43 and 44 associated in a similar manner with the air nozzle 20b.
  • Each actuator 41, 42, 43, 44 comprises a movable piston-guide stem 45 oriented parallelly to the direction of translational motion of the air nozzles 20a, 20b.
  • Each pair of movable stems 45 of each pair of actuators 41, 42, 43, 44 is kinematically connected to a pair of sliders 31.
  • the vertical tubular elements 26, 27, 28 and 29, are rigidly coupled, and therefore integral in translational motion, to the sliders 31.
  • the vertical tubular elements 26, 27, 28 and 29 are advantageously provided with guide rollers 47, integral therewith, adapted to facilitate the vertical sliding thereof.
  • the sliders 31 are slidingly supported by guide rollers 48.
  • the means of translational motion 24 are overall located outside the economizer 5, i.e., outside the chamber for the passage of the exhaust gases.
  • the guide rollers 47 that support the vertical tubular elements 26, 27, 28 and 29 of the air nozzles 20a, 20b, as well as the vertical tubular elements proper, are contained in protection structures 35 located outside the economizer 5 and comprising sealing and thermally insulating means.
  • the actuators 41, 42, 43, 44, with the corresponding movable stems 45, the sliders 31 and the guide rollers 48 of the sliders 31 are located outside the protection structures 35.
  • the protection structures 35 are adjacent to the lateral containment walls 14 of the economizer and comprise a space 37 that can be accessed by operators for the purposes of maintenance of the cleaning means 20 and of the means of translational motion 24.
  • Each vertical tubular element 26, 27, 28 and 29 is partially contained in the protection structure 35.
  • the portion of the vertical tubular element 26, 27, 28 and 29 that protrudes from the protection structure 35 following the movement of the air nozzles 20a, 20b is contained in a sealing bellows 25 for the exhaust gases.
  • the portions of the lateral containment walls 14 of the economizer 5, where the means of translational motion 24 and the protection structures 35 are located, have, at the horizontal tubular elements 21, 22 of the air nozzles 20a, 20b, slits 38 adapted to accommodate the air nozzles, thus allowing their vertical translational motion.
  • Each air nozzle 20a, 20b can be accessed from the protection structures 35 through portions that can be opened 39, such as, advantageously, sealing and thermally insulating doors.
  • the economizer 5 comprises a substantially horizontal route of the gases, catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18 situated in a portion of the route of the gases that has a temperature comprised substantially between 270°C and 310°C, and means 20 for cleaning the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18, adapted to remove the ashes from the ducts for conveying the exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust gases that pass through the catalyzing layers 16, 17, 18 are full of dusts and ashes which tend to clog the catalytic packs 19 of the catalyzing assembly 50 and thus reduce their efficiency.
  • Air nozzles 20a, 20b which are provided with holes for the outflow of air in the direction of travel of the exhaust gases.
  • the air jets uniformly affect the entire surface of the front wall of each catalyzing layer 16, 17, 18, thus facilitating the expulsion of dusts and ashes from each catalytic pack 19 of each catalyzing layer 16, 17, 18.
  • Dusts and ashes thus fall into the accumulation cone 9, downstream of the catalyzing assembly 50, as a result of gravity, without clogging the catalytic packs 19.
  • every pair of air nozzles 20a, 20b is associated with a single catalyzing layer 16, 17, 18, in order to ensure that the power of the air jets is sufficient to drive ashes and dusts out from every catalytic pack 19 that constitutes the catalyzing layer 16, 17, 18.
  • each air nozzle 20a, 20b is translationally moved by a pair of synchronous actuators 41, 42, 43, 44.
  • the protection structures 35 by means of the opening doors 39, allow access by an operator to a space 37 from which it is possible to access the air nozzles 20a, 20b, thus allowing the removal of the horizontal tubular elements 21, 22, in order to carry out maintenance operations and the like.
  • the incinerator particularly for waste-to-energy plants according to the present invention, achieves the intended aim and objects in that it makes it possible to abate the pollutants present in the exhaust gases of the combustion of waste.
  • Another advantage of the incinerator, according to the invention consists in that it limits the emission of ammonia to the smokestack thus avoiding energy waste.
  • a further advantage of the incinerator, according to the invention consists in that it ensures an efficient operation of the abatement systems of nitrogen oxides, even with easier maintenance operations.
  • Another advantage of the incinerator according to the invention consists in that it can be implemented by way of upgrading an incinerator with the installation of catalytic-type systems for the abatement of nitrogen oxides without leading to an increase in the encumbrances of the incinerator proper.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP11425168A 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 Verbrennungsofen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung Withdrawn EP2541144A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11425168A EP2541144A1 (de) 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 Verbrennungsofen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11425168A EP2541144A1 (de) 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 Verbrennungsofen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung

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EP2541144A1 true EP2541144A1 (de) 2013-01-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015000833B3 (de) * 2015-01-27 2016-02-25 Loyal MacMillian Vorrichtung zur gekoppelten Müllverbrennung und Gewinnung elektrischer Energie

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995027554A1 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy A method of purifying gases containing nitrogen oxides and an apparatus for purifying gases in a steam generation boiler
EP0745807A1 (de) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 ABB Management AG Dampferzeuger
DE102005030633A1 (de) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Hans Güntner GmbH Reinigungsvorrichtung für Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Luftkühler mit Lamellen-Wärmeaustauscher

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995027554A1 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy A method of purifying gases containing nitrogen oxides and an apparatus for purifying gases in a steam generation boiler
EP0745807A1 (de) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 ABB Management AG Dampferzeuger
DE102005030633A1 (de) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Hans Güntner GmbH Reinigungsvorrichtung für Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere für Luftkühler mit Lamellen-Wärmeaustauscher

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015000833B3 (de) * 2015-01-27 2016-02-25 Loyal MacMillian Vorrichtung zur gekoppelten Müllverbrennung und Gewinnung elektrischer Energie

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