EP2529851A1 - Roll-formed convector sheet - Google Patents

Roll-formed convector sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2529851A1
EP2529851A1 EP12170396A EP12170396A EP2529851A1 EP 2529851 A1 EP2529851 A1 EP 2529851A1 EP 12170396 A EP12170396 A EP 12170396A EP 12170396 A EP12170396 A EP 12170396A EP 2529851 A1 EP2529851 A1 EP 2529851A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
cross
convector
long wall
short
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Granted
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EP12170396A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2529851B1 (en
Inventor
Roger Grauls
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Caradon Stelrad BV
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Caradon Stelrad BV
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D13/00Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
    • B21D13/04Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form by rolling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a convector, in particular for a radiator, which is made of a strip of aluminum or an aluminum alloy by the belt is continuously moved to a pair of rollers at a preferably constant feed rate and continuously by means of the roller pair in an at least partially meandering cross-sectional shape is transformed so that it is conceivable as a juxtaposition identical to a point of symmetry point-symmetrical cross-sectional parts, each cross-section part over a long, running through the symmetry point of the cross-sectional wall and two adjacent each end of the long wall has short walls, and at least partially so Meander-shaped band is separated in Konvektorbleche.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a Konvektorblechs, in particular made of aluminum or aluminum alloy Konvektorblechs, wherein the Konvektorblech is conceivable as a juxtaposition identical to a point of symmetry point-symmetrical cross-sectional parts and each cross-sectional part a long, running through the symmetry point of the cross-sectional part wall and two adjacent each end of the long wall has short walls, the long wall having two kinks, which divide them into two short wall sections and a long wall section, wherein the kinks are arranged symmetrically with respect to the point of symmetry.
  • Convector plates of the type described above are for example from the DE 20 2009 017 777 U1 ,
  • the aforementioned document discloses a technique by means of which a strip of aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be continuously brought into a meandering cross-sectional shape by means of two intermeshing rolls.
  • the convector sheets are after their forming production usually connected by resistance spot welding with a hot plate of a plate heater, which convection channels are formed between the convector and the heating plate, in which heated air can rise supported by the chimney effect and thereby increases the heat output of the radiator.
  • cross-sectional geometries of Konvektorbleches are judged to be in need of improvement, since an optimum ratio of a circumference of each convection channel is not achieved to its surface. In the first place, there is the problem that the Konvektorbleche on a certain length too few individual convection channels and a desired high efficiency of energy transfer from the radiator on the convector plate on the air to be heated can not be achieved.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a Konvektorblech of the type described above to the effect that a better ratio between the circumference of the Konvektorblechs, that is its elongated length, and the surface of the resulting from the combination of Konvektorblechs with the radiator convection is achieved further to provide a method by which this convector sheet can be manufactured in a continuous process.
  • the long wall has two kinks, which divide them into two short wall sections and a long wall section, wherein the kinks are arranged symmetrically with respect to the point of symmetry.
  • the convector plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, measured in the feed direction of the aluminum strip length of the short joint between the radiator and the convector is sufficient to introduce sufficient heat into the convector plate, so that in the convection formed the desired effect of the rising air flow ( "Chimney effect") arises.
  • the convector plate should be formed so that the first wall portion and the second wall portion of the divided by the kinks long wall an angle between 5 ° and 20 °, preferably between 10 ° and 15 °, more preferably an angle between 12.5 ° and 13.5 °, and also include the short walls with the respective adjacent short wall sections of the divided by the kinks long wall an angle between 50 ° and 70 °, preferably an angle of 60 °. Investigations have been able to show that these geometric configurations lead to a particularly good area ratio of the convector sheet with simultaneous feasibility of the forming process by means of the continuous forming process.
  • the feed rate of the aluminum strip is constant, that is subject to any fluctuations.
  • the production process is particularly easy to plan by such a uniformity in the forming and further processing machines and processes are much easier adjustable, so that a uniform and continuous production process is favored.
  • a preferable nature of the Konvektorblechs provides that both the long wall and the short wall are substantially flat.
  • a flat shape of the walls favors the possibility of storage, since the finished formed and cut to a certain length convector sheets can be stacked without unwanted frictional or even gearing effects occur due to any bumps in the large flat portions of the convector.
  • Flat surfaces are also much easier to produce than other types of geometry as part of the continuous forming process.
  • the manufacturing process can be adapted to the particular conditions of the underlying material in the form of the aluminum strip. This may be necessary in view of different sheet thicknesses of the tape.
  • This in FIG. 1 embodiment shown comprises a single cross-sectional part 1 of a Konvektorblechs invention.
  • This cross-sectional part 1 has two short walls 2 and a long wall 3, wherein the long wall 3 is divided into a total of three sections. These sections of the long wall 3 are two short wall sections 4 and a long wall section 5.
  • the cross-sectional part 1 has a total of four irregular points on which an aluminum sheet, from which the cross-sectional part 1 is formed, each having a kink. As such, end points 6 between the short walls 2 and the short wall sections 4 of the long wall 3 should be mentioned as well as kinks 7, which delimit the short wall sections 4 from the long wall sections 5 of the long wall 3.
  • An angle ⁇ between the short wall 2 and the short wall section 4 is in the in FIG. 1 example shown 60 °.
  • an angle ⁇ between the short wall 2 and the long wall section 5 is approximately 73 °, so that an angle ⁇ of approximately 13 ° is enclosed between the short wall section 4 and the long wall section 5.
  • the angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ also from the FIG. 1 becomes directly apparent, so the long wall section 5 runs considerably steeper compared to the short wall section 4, so that a total, measured in an indicated by an arrow 8 feed direction of an entire convector sheet length 9 of the cross-sectional part 1 relative to such an arrangement can be reduced in which the long wall section 5 has the same "flatter" inclination at the angle ⁇ as the short wall section 4.
  • FIG. 2 An assembled from a plurality of cross-sectional parts 1 Konvektorblech 11 is in FIG. 2 displayed.
  • a transition between two adjacent cross-sectional parts 1 is graphically illustrated by means of vertically oriented axes 12.
  • an advantage of the short wall 2 becomes particularly clear, which has a relatively short length 13. This length 13 is sufficient for the Konvektorblech 11 to absorb enough heat energy from the heating plate of a connected, not shown radiator and consequently to heat completely.
  • a longer short wall 2 is thus neither for the purpose of heat absorption, nor for reasons of a favorable area ratio of each convection channel 14 (in FIG. 2 hatched highlighted) necessary, so that by the provision of the terminals 6 and 7 kinks the convector sheet 11 can be performed particularly easy to save material.
  • each convection channel 14 remains low and thus a comparatively high number of convection channels 14 can be arranged over a whole width of a heater or that for a given number of convection channels (due to a wave structure in the heating plate), the material consumption of the aluminum sheet is minimized or the cross-sectional area of the convection channels is maximized.
  • FIG. 3 A snapshot of this method according to the invention is in FIG. 3 shown schematically.
  • the respectively running on a circular path 18 teeth 16 both rollers forming the pair of rollers 17 are identical in shape.
  • each individual cross-sectional part 1 of a convector sheet 11 according to the invention is point-symmetrical about a point of symmetry 10 which is arranged centrally in the long wall section 5 of the cross-sectional part 1.
  • the feed direction of the aluminum sheet is again illustrated by means of the arrow 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The convector plate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, has a cross-sectional portion (1) having a short wall (2) and an extending wall (3). A symmetric point (10) is provided in middle of wall. Two terminals (6) are provided at ends of the wall. The extending wall is divided into two short wall sections (4) and a long wall section (5). The bending sections (7) are arranged symmetrically with respect to symmetry point.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Konvektorblech, insbesondere für einen Heizkörper, welches aus einem Band aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt ist, indem das Band fortwährend mit einer vorzugsweise konstanten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit auf ein Walzenpaar zu bewegt wird und mittels des Walzenpaares kontinuierlich derart in eine zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige Querschnittsform umgeformt wird, dass es als eine Aneinanderreihung identischer zu einem Symmetriepunkt punktsymmetrischer Querschnittsteile auffassbar ist, wobei jedes Querschnittsteil über eine lange, durch den Symmetriepunkt des Querschnittsteils verlaufende Wandung sowie über zwei jeweils an Endstellen der langen Wandung angrenzende kurze Wandungen verfügt, und das zumindest teilweise derart mäanderförmig umgeformte Band in Konvektorbleche vereinzelt wird.The invention relates to a convector, in particular for a radiator, which is made of a strip of aluminum or an aluminum alloy by the belt is continuously moved to a pair of rollers at a preferably constant feed rate and continuously by means of the roller pair in an at least partially meandering cross-sectional shape is transformed so that it is conceivable as a juxtaposition identical to a point of symmetry point-symmetrical cross-sectional parts, each cross-section part over a long, running through the symmetry point of the cross-sectional wall and two adjacent each end of the long wall has short walls, and at least partially so Meander-shaped band is separated in Konvektorbleche.

Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Konvektorblechs, insbesondere eines aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellten Konvektorblechs, wobei das Konvektorblech als eine Aneinanderreihung identischer zu einem Symmetriepunkt punktsymmetrischer Querschnittsteile auffassbar ist und jedes Querschnittsteil eine lange, durch den Symmetriepunkt des Querschnittsteils verlaufende Wandung sowie zwei jeweils an Endstellen der langen Wandung angrenzende kurze Wandungen besitzt, wobei die lange Wandung zwei Knickstellen aufweist, die diese in zwei kurze Wandungsabschnitte und einen langen Wandungsabschnitt unterteilen, wobei die Knickstellen symmetrisch bezüglich des Symmetriepunktes angeordnet sind.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a Konvektorblechs, in particular made of aluminum or aluminum alloy Konvektorblechs, wherein the Konvektorblech is conceivable as a juxtaposition identical to a point of symmetry point-symmetrical cross-sectional parts and each cross-sectional part a long, running through the symmetry point of the cross-sectional part wall and two adjacent each end of the long wall has short walls, the long wall having two kinks, which divide them into two short wall sections and a long wall section, wherein the kinks are arranged symmetrically with respect to the point of symmetry.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Konvektorbleche der eingangs beschriebenen Art sind beispielsweise aus der DE 20 2009 017 777 U1 .Convector plates of the type described above are for example from the DE 20 2009 017 777 U1 ,

Die vorgenannte Schrift offenbart eine Technik, mittels welcher ein Band aus Aluminium beziehungsweise einer Aluminiumlegierung kontinuierlich mittels zweier ineinander greifender Walzen in eine mäanderförmige Querschnittsform bringbar ist. Die Konvektorbleche werden nach ihrer umformtechnischen Herstellung meist mittels Widerstandspunktschweißen mit einer Heizplatte eines Plattenheizkörpers verbunden, wodurch zwischen dem Konvektorblech und der Heizplatte Konvektionskanäle gebildet werden, in denen erwärmte Luft unterstützt durch den Kamineffekt aufsteigen kann und dadurch die Wärmeabgabe des Heizkörpers steigert. Sämtliche in vorgenanntem Dokument beschriebenen Querschnittsgeometrien des Konvektorbleches sind jedoch als verbesserungswürdig zu beurteilen, da ein optimales Verhältnis eines Umfangs eines jeden Konvektionskanals zu dessen Fläche nicht erreicht wird. In erster Linie besteht dabei das Problem, dass die Konvektorbleche auf einer bestimmten Länge zu wenige einzelne Konvektionskanäle aufweisen und eine gewünscht hohe Effektivität der Energieübertragung von dem Heizkörper über das Konvektorblech auf die zu heizende Luft nicht erreicht werden kann.The aforementioned document discloses a technique by means of which a strip of aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be continuously brought into a meandering cross-sectional shape by means of two intermeshing rolls. The convector sheets are after their forming production usually connected by resistance spot welding with a hot plate of a plate heater, which convection channels are formed between the convector and the heating plate, in which heated air can rise supported by the chimney effect and thereby increases the heat output of the radiator. However, all described in the above document cross-sectional geometries of Konvektorbleches are judged to be in need of improvement, since an optimum ratio of a circumference of each convection channel is not achieved to its surface. In the first place, there is the problem that the Konvektorbleche on a certain length too few individual convection channels and a desired high efficiency of energy transfer from the radiator on the convector plate on the air to be heated can not be achieved.

Ein Versuch, ein derartiges optimales Verhältnis zu erreichen, zeigt wiederum die EP 0 813 036 B1 , welche einen Teil des Umfangs des Konvektorblechs mit einem Teil des durch den Heizkörper und das Konvektorblech gebildeten Konvektionskanals in ein Verhältnis setzt und dafür einen optimalen Wert definiert. Eine dazu notwendige Ausgestaltung der Querschnittsform des Konvektorbleches ist jedoch mittels einer kontinuierlichen Umformung unter Verwendung eines Walzenpaares aufgrund der bei kontinuierlich umgeformten Konvektorblechen stets auftretenden Symmetrieeigenschaften nicht möglich. Stattdessen muss das in dem EP-Patent gezeigte Konvektorblech taktweise gepresst werden, wodurch es einem periodischen Produktionszyklus unterliegt, der im Vergleich zu einer kontinuierlichen Umformung sehr zeitintensiv und somit vergleichsweise kostenintensiv ist. Auch die Geräuschentwicklung ist bei derartigen taktweisen Pressvorgängen erheblich.An attempt to achieve such an optimal ratio, again shows the EP 0 813 036 B1 which sets a part of the circumference of the Konvektorblechs with a portion of the convector formed by the heating element and the Konvektionskanals in proportion and for defining an optimum value. However, a necessary configuration of the cross-sectional shape of the Konvektorbleches is not possible by means of a continuous forming using a pair of rollers due to the always occurring in continuously deformed Konvektorblechen symmetry properties. Instead, the convector sheet shown in the EP patent has to be cyclically pressed, thereby subjecting it to a periodic production cycle that is very time consuming and thus relatively expensive compared to continuous forming. The noise is significant in such cyclic pressing operations.

Aufgabetask

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Konvektorblech der eingangs beschriebenen Art dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, dass ein besseres Verhältnis zwischen dem Umfang des Konvektorblechs, das heißt dessen gestreckter Länge, und der Fläche des aus der Kombination des Konvektorblechs mit dem Heizkörper entstehenden Konvektionskanals erreicht wird, wobei ferner ein Verfahren hervorgebracht werden soll, mittels dessen dieses Konvektorblech in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess hergestellt werden kann.The object of the present invention is to develop a Konvektorblech of the type described above to the effect that a better ratio between the circumference of the Konvektorblechs, that is its elongated length, and the surface of the resulting from the combination of Konvektorblechs with the radiator convection is achieved further to provide a method by which this convector sheet can be manufactured in a continuous process.

Lösungsolution

Die zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird aus vorrichtungstechnischer Sicht erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die lange Wandung zwei Knickstellen aufweist, die diese in zwei kurze Wandungsabschnitte und einen langen Wandungsabschnitt unterteilen, wobei die Knickstellen symmetrisch bezüglich des Symmetriepunktes angeordnet sind. Durch derartige Knickstellen kann eine optimierte Form eines Konvektorblechs unter Verwendung eines kontinuierlichen Umformprozesses erreicht werden.The underlying object is achieved according to the invention from a device technical point of view, that the long wall has two kinks, which divide them into two short wall sections and a long wall section, wherein the kinks are arranged symmetrically with respect to the point of symmetry. By such kinks an optimized shape of a Konvektorblechs can be achieved using a continuous forming process.

Mittels der Knickstellen ist es möglich, einen Winkel zwischen der langen und der kurzen Wandung zu vergrößern, indem - bei einer Betrachtung eines Querschnitts des Konvektorblechs - der lange Wandungsabschnitt der langen Wandung "steiler" (in Bezug zu einer Tangentialebene an die Wellenberge beziehungsweise Wellentäler auf einer Seite des Konvektorblechs) orientiert wird, als der kurze Wandungsabschnitt der langen Wandung. Daraus resultiert eine Vergrößerung des Winkels zwischen dem jeweiligen langen Wandungsabschnitt der langen Wandung und der kurzen Wandung, was wiederum zu einer Reduktion einer parallel zu einer Vorschubrichtung des kontinuierlich umzuformenden Konvektorblechs orientierten Breite eines jeden Konvektionskanals führt. Entsprechend ist es gegenüber dem Stand der Technik nun auch unter Verwendung eines kontinuierlichen Umformungsverfahrens möglich, bei einer vorgegebenen Breite eines beispielhaften Heizkörpers ebenso viele Konvektionskanäle beziehungsweise Konvektionskanäle mit einer solche großen Querschnittsfläche vorzusehen, wie dies bisher nur unter Verwendung eines Umformungsverfahrens mit taktweisem Pressen möglich war. Die Breite eines jeden Konvektionskanals lässt sich dabei umso weiter reduzieren, je steiler der lange Wandungsabschnitt der langen Wandung ausfällt und je näher die Knickstellen an den kurzen Wandungen liegen, die jeweils an die kurzen Wandungsabschnitte angrenzen. Aufgrund der Geometrie der Zähne der beiden Walzen des Walzenpaares, die so geformt sein müssen, dass sie miteinander kämmen können, ist jedoch nicht jede beliebige Form umsetzbar, da die ineinander kämmenden Walzen ansonsten verhaken und blockieren würden.By means of the kinks, it is possible to increase an angle between the long and the short wall by - looking at a cross section of the convector - the long wall portion of the long wall "steeper" (with respect to a tangential plane of the wave crests or troughs on one side of the convector sheet) than the short wall portion of the long wall. This results in an increase in the angle between the respective long wall section of the long wall and the short wall, which in turn leads to a reduction of a parallel oriented to a feed direction of the convector convector continuously shaped width of each convection channel. Accordingly, it is now possible with respect to the prior art also using a continuous forming process to provide as many convection channels or convection channels with such a large cross-sectional area at a given width of an exemplary radiator, as previously possible only using a forming method with cyclic pressing. The width of each convection channel can be further reduced, the steeper the long wall section of the long wall fails and the closer the kinks lie on the short walls, each adjacent to the short wall sections. However, due to the geometry of the teeth of the two rolls of the roll pair, which must be shaped so that they can mesh with each other, not any shape is feasible, since the intermeshing rolls would otherwise catch and block.

Die Erzeugung eines steilen Verlaufs der langen Wandung unter Verwendung eines kontinuierlichen Umformungsverfahrens ist indes auch nach dem Stand der Technik bereits möglich, geht aber stets mit dem Nachteil einher, dass die kurze Wandung, die gleichermaßen die Verbindungsstelle zwischen dem jeweiligen Heizkörper und dem Konvektorblech darstellt, besonders breit sein muss, um eine Kämmbarkeit des Walzenpaares sicherzustellen. Unter Zuhilfenahme der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der langen Wandung unter Verwendung zweier Knickstellen ist es nun hingegen möglich, einen großen Teil der langen Wandung, nämlich den langen Wandungsabschnitt, steil zu orientieren und gleichzeitig die kurze Wandung ähnlich kurz auszugestalten, wie es bisher nur unter Verwendung eines taktweisen Pressverfahrens für die Umformung des Konvektorblechs möglich ist. Da das Konvektorblech aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung besteht, ist eine in Vorschubrichtung des Aluminiumbandes gemessene Länge der kurzen Verbindungsstelle zwischen dem Heizkörper und dem Konvektorblech ausreichend, um genügend Wärme in das Konvektorblech einzuleiten, so dass in den gebildeten Konvektionskanälen der gewünschte Effekt der aufsteigenden Luftströmung ("Kamineffekt") entsteht.The generation of a steep course of the long wall using a continuous forming process, however, is already possible according to the prior art, but always involves the disadvantage that the short wall, which likewise represents the connection point between the respective radiator and the convector sheet, must be particularly wide to ensure a combability of the roller pair. With the aid of the inventive design of the long wall using two kinks, however, it is now possible to steep a large part of the long wall, namely the long wall section, steep and at the same time to design the short wall as short as it was previously only using a cyclic Pressing method for forming the Konvektorblechs is possible. Since the convector plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, measured in the feed direction of the aluminum strip length of the short joint between the radiator and the convector is sufficient to introduce sufficient heat into the convector plate, so that in the convection formed the desired effect of the rising air flow ( "Chimney effect") arises.

Optimalerweise sollte das Konvektorblech so ausgeformt sein, dass der erste Wandungsabschnitt und der zweite Wandungsabschnitt der durch die Knickstellen unterteilten langen Wandung einen Winkel zwischen 5° und 20°, vorzugsweise zwischen 10° und 15°, weiter vorzugsweise einen Winkel zwischen 12,5° und 13,5°, einschließen und außerdem die kurzen Wandungen mit den jeweils angrenzenden kurzen Wandungsabschnitten der durch die Knickstellen unterteilten langen Wandung einen Winkel zwischen 50° und 70°, vorzugsweise einen Winkel von 60° einschließen. Untersuchungen haben zeigen können, dass diese geometrischen Ausgestaltungen zu einem besonders guten Flächenverhältnis des Konvektorblechs bei gleichzeitig gegebener Durchführbarkeit des Umformungsprozesses mittels des kontinuierlichen Umformungsverfahrens führt.Optimally, the convector plate should be formed so that the first wall portion and the second wall portion of the divided by the kinks long wall an angle between 5 ° and 20 °, preferably between 10 ° and 15 °, more preferably an angle between 12.5 ° and 13.5 °, and also include the short walls with the respective adjacent short wall sections of the divided by the kinks long wall an angle between 50 ° and 70 °, preferably an angle of 60 °. Investigations have been able to show that these geometric configurations lead to a particularly good area ratio of the convector sheet with simultaneous feasibility of the forming process by means of the continuous forming process.

Dies wird ferner begünstigt, wenn ein in eine Vorschubrichtung des Bandes gemessener Abstand zwischen den beiden Endstellen der langen Wandung zwischen 5 mm und 20 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 mm und 15 mm, weiter vorzugsweise etwa 12,8 mm beträgt.This is further promoted when measured in a feed direction of the tape distance between the two end points of the long wall between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 15 mm, more preferably about 12.8 mm.

Hinsichtlich des Umformungsprozesses ist es besonders von Vorteil, wenn die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Aluminiumbandes konstant ist, das heißt keinen Schwankungen unterliegt. Der Produktionsablauf ist durch eine derartige Gleichförmigkeit in der Umformung besonders einfach planbar und weiterverarbeitende Maschinen und Abläufe sind deutlich einfacher einstellbar, so dass ein einheitlicher und kontinuierlicher Produktionsprozess begünstigt wird. Eine zu bevorzugende Beschaffenheit des Konvektorblechs sieht vor, dass sowohl die lange Wandung als auch die kurze Wandung im Wesentlichen eben sind. Eine ebene Form der Wandungen begünstigt die Möglichkeit einer Lagerhaltung, da die fertig umgeformten und auf eine bestimmte Länge geschnittenen Konvektorbleche übereinander gestapelt werden können, ohne dass aufgrund etwaiger Unebenheiten in den großen flächigen Abschnitten des Konvektorblechs unerwünschte Reibungs- oder gar Verzahnungseffekte auftreten. Ebene Flächen sind im Rahmen des kontinuierlichen Umformungsprozesses ferner deutlich einfacher zu erzeugen als anders geartete Geometrien.With regard to the forming process, it is particularly advantageous if the feed rate of the aluminum strip is constant, that is subject to any fluctuations. The production process is particularly easy to plan by such a uniformity in the forming and further processing machines and processes are much easier adjustable, so that a uniform and continuous production process is favored. A preferable nature of the Konvektorblechs provides that both the long wall and the short wall are substantially flat. A flat shape of the walls favors the possibility of storage, since the finished formed and cut to a certain length convector sheets can be stacked without unwanted frictional or even gearing effects occur due to any bumps in the large flat portions of the convector. Flat surfaces are also much easier to produce than other types of geometry as part of the continuous forming process.

Aus verfahrenstechnischer Sicht wird die zugrunde liegende Aufgabe durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte gelöst:

  1. a) Ein vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildetes Band wird fortwährend mit einer vorzugsweise konstanten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit auf ein aus zwei Walzen gebildetes Walzenpaar zu bewegt.
  2. b) Mittels des Walzenpaares wird das Band kontinuierlich in eine zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige, aus einer Vielzahl von Querschnittsteilen gebildete Querschnittsform umgeformt.
  3. c) Die zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige Querschnittsform wird in einzelne Konvektorbleche vereinzelt.
From the procedural point of view, the underlying task is solved by the following method steps:
  1. a) A preferably formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy strip is continuously moved at a preferably constant feed rate to a pair of rolls formed from two rollers.
  2. b) By means of the pair of rollers, the band is continuously formed into an at least partially meander-shaped, formed from a plurality of cross-sectional parts cross-sectional shape.
  3. c) The at least partially meander-shaped cross-sectional shape is separated into individual Konvektorbleche.

Im Hinblick auf die komplexe Geometrie des erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs ist ein derartiges kontinuierliches Verfahren bislang unbekannt, gleichwohl besonders vorteilhaft, da die Produktionszeit für die einzelnen Konvektorbleche gegenüber der nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten zyklischen Fertigungsweise erheblich verkürzt wird. Um die Geometrie des Konvektorblechs wie beschrieben erzeugen zu können, sind die Walzen beziehungsweise deren Zähne speziell geformt, wie insbesondere aus den Ausführungsbeispielen hervorgeht.With regard to the complex geometry of the convector sheet according to the invention, such a continuous method is hitherto unknown, but nevertheless particularly advantageous, since the production time for the individual convector sheets is considerably shortened in comparison with the cyclical production method known from the prior art. In order to be able to produce the geometry of the convector plate as described, the rollers or their teeth are specially shaped, as can be seen in particular from the exemplary embodiments.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist ein solches Verfahren, bei dem das Band von einem Zeitpunkt eines Eingriffs eines vorderen, als erstes mittels des Walzenpaares eingreifenden Endabschnitts des Bandes an ausschließlich mittels des Walzenpaares nachgeführt wird. Auf diese Weise kann eine gesonderte Vorrichtung zum Vorschub des Bandes entfallen, während das Walzenpaar allein durch dessen Drehung und mittels dessen Eingriff mit dem Band dafür sorgt, dass das Band "nachgezogen" wird.Particularly advantageous is such a method in which the band is tracked from a time of engagement of a front, engaging first by means of the roller pair end portion of the belt to exclusively by means of the roller pair. In this way, a separate device for feeding the tape can be omitted, while the pair of rollers only by its rotation and by its engagement with the tape ensures that the tape is "tightened".

Ferner kann es von besonderem Vorteil sein, wenn ein Abstand von Mittelachsen der das Walzenpaar bildenden Walzen vor und/oder während der Umformung des Bandes verändert wird. Auf diese Weise kann das Herstellverfahren an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten des zugrunde liegenden Materials in Form des Aluminiumbandes angepasst werden. Dies kann im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Blechdicken des Bandes notwendig sein.Furthermore, it may be of particular advantage if a distance from central axes of the rollers forming the roller pair is changed before and / or during the deformation of the belt. In this way, the manufacturing process can be adapted to the particular conditions of the underlying material in the form of the aluminum strip. This may be necessary in view of different sheet thicknesses of the tape.

Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments

Das erfindungsgemäße Konvektorblech sowie das Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das in den Figuren dargestellt ist, näher erläutert.The convector plate according to the invention and the method for its production will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the figures.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1:
einen Querschnitt durch ein Querschnittsteil eines erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs,
Fig. 2:
einen Ausschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs, bestehend aus mehreren Querschnittsteilen und
Fig. 3:
ein Ausschnitt eines Walzenpaares während eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs.
It shows:
Fig. 1:
a cross section through a cross-sectional part of a Konvektorblechs invention,
Fig. 2:
a section of the convector according to the invention, consisting of several cross-sectional parts and
3:
a section of a pair of rollers during a process for producing the Konvektorblechs invention.

Das in Figur 1 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst ein einzelnes Querschnittsteil 1 eines erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs. Dieses Querschnittsteil 1 weist zwei kurze Wandungen 2 und eine lange Wandung 3 auf, wobei die lange Wandung 3 in insgesamt drei Abschnitte unterteilt ist. Bei diesen Abschnitten der langen Wandung 3 handelt es sich um zwei kurze Wandungsabschnitte 4 und einen langen Wandungsabschnitt 5. Das Querschnittsteil 1 weist insgesamt vier unregelmäßige Stellen auf, an denen ein Aluminiumblech, aus dem das Querschnittsteil 1 geformt ist, jeweils eine Knickstelle aufweist. Als solche sind Endstellen 6 zwischen den kurzen Wandungen 2 und den kurzen Wandungsabschnitten 4 der langen Wandung 3 ebenso zu nennen, wie Knickstellen 7, die die kurzen Wandungsabschnitte 4 von den langen Wandungsabschnitten 5 der langen Wandung 3 abgrenzen.This in FIG. 1 embodiment shown comprises a single cross-sectional part 1 of a Konvektorblechs invention. This cross-sectional part 1 has two short walls 2 and a long wall 3, wherein the long wall 3 is divided into a total of three sections. These sections of the long wall 3 are two short wall sections 4 and a long wall section 5. The cross-sectional part 1 has a total of four irregular points on which an aluminum sheet, from which the cross-sectional part 1 is formed, each having a kink. As such, end points 6 between the short walls 2 and the short wall sections 4 of the long wall 3 should be mentioned as well as kinks 7, which delimit the short wall sections 4 from the long wall sections 5 of the long wall 3.

Ein Winkel α zwischen der kurzen Wandung 2 und dem kurzen Wandungsabschnitt 4 beträgt in dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Beispiel 60°. Ein Winkel β zwischen der kurzen Wandung 2 und dem langen Wandungsabschnitt 5 beträgt hingegen in etwa 73°, so dass zwischen dem kurzen Wandungsabschnitt 4 und dem langen Wandungsabschnitt 5 ein Winkel γ von etwa 13° eingeschlossen wird. Wie neben den Winkeln α, β, γ auch aus der Figur 1 direkt deutlich wird, verläuft also der lange Wandungsabschnitt 5 im Vergleich zu dem kurzen Wandungsabschnitt 4 erheblich steiler, so dass eine gesamte, in eine mittels eines Pfeils 8 angedeutete Vorschubrichtung eines gesamten Konvektorblechs gemessene Länge 9 des Querschnittsteils 1 gegenüber einer solchen Anordnung reduziert werden kann, in der der lange Wandungsabschnitt 5 die selbe "flachere" Neigung unter dem Winkel α aufweist, wie der kurze Wandungsabschnitt 4.An angle α between the short wall 2 and the short wall section 4 is in the in FIG. 1 example shown 60 °. By contrast, an angle β between the short wall 2 and the long wall section 5 is approximately 73 °, so that an angle γ of approximately 13 ° is enclosed between the short wall section 4 and the long wall section 5. As well as the angles α, β, γ also from the FIG. 1 becomes directly apparent, so the long wall section 5 runs considerably steeper compared to the short wall section 4, so that a total, measured in an indicated by an arrow 8 feed direction of an entire convector sheet length 9 of the cross-sectional part 1 relative to such an arrangement can be reduced in which the long wall section 5 has the same "flatter" inclination at the angle α as the short wall section 4.

Ein aus einer Vielzahl von Querschnittsteilen 1 zusammengefügtes Konvektorblech 11 ist in Figur 2 abgebildet. Ein Übergang zwischen zwei benachbarten Querschnittsteilen 1 ist mittels vertikal orientierter Achsen 12 graphisch verdeutlicht. Aus dem gezeigten Beispiel wird besonders ein Vorteil der kurzen Wandung 2 deutlich, die eine relativ geringe Länge 13 aufweist. Diese Länge 13 ist für das Konvektorblech 11 ausreichend, um genügend Wärmeenergie von der Heizplatte eines angeschlossenen, nicht dargestellten Heizkörpers aufzunehmen und sich infolgedessen vollständig zu erwärmen. Eine längere kurze Wandung 2 ist somit weder zum Zweck einer Wärmeaufnahme, noch aus Gründen eines günstigen Flächenverhältnisses eines jeden einzelnen Konvektionskanals 14 (in Figur 2 schraffiert hervorgehoben) nötig, so dass durch das Vorsehen der Endstellen 6 und Knickstellen 7 das Konvektorblech 11 besonders materialsparend ausgeführt werden kann. Im Besonderen wird mittels der Knickstelle 7 gleichzeitig erreicht, dass eine Breite 15 eines jeden Konvektionskanals 14 gering bleibt und somit eine vergleichsweise hohe Anzahl an Konvektionskanälen 14 über eine gesamte Breite eines Heizkörpers angeordnet werden kann beziehungsweise dass bei vorgegebener Anzahl von Konvektionskanälen (aufgrund einer Wellenstruktur in der Heizplatte) der Materialverbrauch des Aluminiumblechs minimiert beziehungsweise die Querschnittsfläche der Konvektionskanäle maximiert wird.An assembled from a plurality of cross-sectional parts 1 Konvektorblech 11 is in FIG. 2 displayed. A transition between two adjacent cross-sectional parts 1 is graphically illustrated by means of vertically oriented axes 12. From the example shown, an advantage of the short wall 2 becomes particularly clear, which has a relatively short length 13. This length 13 is sufficient for the Konvektorblech 11 to absorb enough heat energy from the heating plate of a connected, not shown radiator and consequently to heat completely. A longer short wall 2 is thus neither for the purpose of heat absorption, nor for reasons of a favorable area ratio of each convection channel 14 (in FIG. 2 hatched highlighted) necessary, so that by the provision of the terminals 6 and 7 kinks the convector sheet 11 can be performed particularly easy to save material. In particular, it is simultaneously achieved by means of the kink 7 that a width 15 of each convection channel 14 remains low and thus a comparatively high number of convection channels 14 can be arranged over a whole width of a heater or that for a given number of convection channels (due to a wave structure in the heating plate), the material consumption of the aluminum sheet is minimized or the cross-sectional area of the convection channels is maximized.

Die Geometrie des gezeigten Querschnittsteils 1 beziehungsweise des gezeigten Konvektorblechs 11 wird mittels eines kontinuierlichen Umformungsprozesses erzeugt, wobei Zähne 16 eines Walzenpaares miteinander kämmen und dadurch das zwischen dem Walzenpaar verlaufende Aluminiumblech verformen. Eine Momentaufnahme dieses erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist in Figur 3 schematisch abgebildet. Die jeweils auf einer Kreisbahn 18 verlaufenden Zähne 16 beider das Walzenpaar bildenden Walzen 17 sind in ihrer Form identisch. Infolgedessen ist jedes einzelne Querschnittsteil 1 eines erfindungsgemäßen Konvektorblechs 11 punktsymmetrisch um einen Symmetriepunkt 10, der mittig in dem langen Wandungsabschnitt 5 des Querschnittsteils 1 angeordnet ist. In dem in Figur 3 gezeigten Beispiel ist die Vorschubrichtung des Aluminiumblechs abermals mittels des Pfeils 8 verdeutlicht.The geometry of the shown cross-sectional part 1 or the Konvektorblechs 11 shown is produced by means of a continuous deformation process, wherein teeth 16 of a pair of rollers mesh with each other and thereby extending between the pair of rollers Deform aluminum sheet. A snapshot of this method according to the invention is in FIG. 3 shown schematically. The respectively running on a circular path 18 teeth 16 both rollers forming the pair of rollers 17 are identical in shape. As a result, each individual cross-sectional part 1 of a convector sheet 11 according to the invention is point-symmetrical about a point of symmetry 10 which is arranged centrally in the long wall section 5 of the cross-sectional part 1. In the in FIG. 3 The example shown, the feed direction of the aluminum sheet is again illustrated by means of the arrow 8.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
QuerschnittsteilCross sectional
22
Wandungwall
33
Wandungwall
44
Wandungsabschnittwall section
55
Wandungsabschnittwall section
66
Endstelleterminal
77
Knickstellekink
88th
Pfeilarrow
99
Längelength
1010
Symmetriepunktpoint of symmetry
1111
KonvektorblechKonvektorblech
1212
Achseaxis
1313
Längelength
1414
Konvektionskanalconvection
1515
Breitewidth
1616
Zahntooth
1717
Walzeroller
1818
Kreisbahnorbit
αα
Winkelangle
ββ
Winkelangle
γγ
Winkelangle

Claims (10)

Konvektorblech (11), insbesondere für einen Heizkörper, welches aus einem Band aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt ist, indem das Band fortwährend mit einer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit auf ein Walzenpaar zu bewegt wird und mittels des Walzenpaares kontinuierlich derart in eine zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige Querschnittsform umgeformt wird, dass es als eine Aneinanderreihung identischer zu einem Symmetriepunkt (10) punktsymmetrischer Querschnittsteile (1) auffassbar ist, wobei jedes Querschnittsteil (1) über eine lange, durch den Symmetriepunkt (10) des Querschnittsteils (1) verlaufende Wandung (3) sowie über zwei jeweils an Endstellen (6) der langen Wandung (3) angrenzende kurze Wandungen (2) verfügt, und das zumindest teilweise derart mäanderförmig umgeformte Band in Konvektorbleche (11) vereinzelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die lange Wandung (3) zwei Knickstellen (7) aufweist, die diese in zwei kurze Wandungsabschnitte (4) und einen langen Wandungsabschnitt (5) unterteilen, wobei die Knickstellen (7) symmetrisch bezüglich des Symmetriepunktes (10) angeordnet sind.Convector plate (11), in particular for a radiator, which is made of a strip of aluminum or an aluminum alloy by the belt is continuously moved at a feed rate to a pair of rollers and continuously formed by the pair of rollers in such an at least partially meandering cross-sectional shape, that it can be understood as a sequence of identical point symmetrical cross-section parts (1) to a symmetry point (10), each cross section part (1) extending over a long wall (3) passing through the point of symmetry (10) of the cross-sectional part (1) and over two each at short ends (6) of the long wall (3) has adjacent short walls (2), and the at least partially so meandering reshaped band in Konvektorbleche (11) is singled, characterized in that the long wall (3) has two kinks (7) having these in two short wall sections (4) and a long Wandun divide gsabschnitt (5), wherein the kinks (7) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the symmetry point (10). Konvektorblech (11) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kurze Wandungsabschnitt (4) und der lange Wandungsabschnitt (5) der durch die Knickstellen (7) unterteilten langen Wandung (3) einen Winkel (γ) zwischen 5° und 20°, vorzugsweise zwischen 10° und 15°, weiter vorzugsweise einen Winkel zwischen 12,5° und 13,5°, einschließen.Convector sheet (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that the short wall section (4) and the long wall section (5) of the kinks (7) divided long wall (3) an angle (γ) between 5 ° and 20 °, preferably between 10 ° and 15 °, more preferably an angle between 12.5 ° and 13.5 °. Konvektorblech (11) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kurze Wandungen (2) mit dem jeweils angrenzenden kurzen Wandungsabschnitt (4) der durch die Knickstellen (7) unterteilten langen Wandung (3) einen Winkel (α) zwischen 50° und 70°, vorzugsweise einen Winkel (α) von 60° einschließen.Convector sheet (11) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the short walls (2) with the respective adjacent short wall portion (4) of the kinks (7) divided long wall (3) an angle (α) between 50 ° and 70 °, preferably an angle (α) of 60 °. Konvektorblech (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein in eine Vorschubrichtung des Bandes gemessener Abstand zwischen den beiden Endstellen (6) der langen Wandung (3) zwischen 5 mm und 20 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 mm und 15 mm, weiter vorzugsweise etwa 12,8 mm beträgt.Convector sheet (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in a feed direction of the tape measured distance between the two end points (6) of the long wall (3) between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 15 mm, more preferably about 12.8 mm. Konvektorblech (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit im Wesentlichen konstant ist.Convector plate (11) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed rate is substantially constant. Konvektorblech (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl die lange Wandung (3) als auch die kurze Wandung (2) im Wesentlichen eben sind.Convector sheet (11) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that both the long wall (3) and the short wall (2) are substantially planar. Konvektorblech (11) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Symmetriepunkt (10) in dem langen Wandungsabschnitt (5) angeordnet ist.Convector plate (11) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the point of symmetry (10) in the long wall portion (5) is arranged. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Konvektorblechs (11), insbesondere eines aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellten Konvektorblechs (11), wobei das Konvektorblech (11) als eine Aneinanderreihung identischer zu einem Symmetriepunkt (10) punktsymmetrischer Querschnittsteile (1) auffassbar ist und jedes Querschnittsteil (1) eine lange, durch den Symmetriepunkt (10) des Querschnittsteils (1) verlaufende Wandung (3) sowie zwei jeweils an Endstellen (6) der langen Wandung (3) angrenzende kurze Wandungen (2) besitzt, wobei die lange Wandung (3) zwei Knickstellen (7) aufweist, die diese in zwei kurze Wandungsabschnitte (4) und einen langen Wandungsabschnitt (5) unterteilen, wobei die Knickstellen (7) symmetrisch bezüglich des Symmetriepunktes (10) angeordnet sind, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: a) Ein vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildetes Band wird fortwährend mit einer vorzugsweise konstanten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit auf ein aus zwei Walzen (17) gebildetes Walzenpaar zu bewegt. b) Mittels des Walzenpaares wird das Band kontinuierlich in eine zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige, aus einer Vielzahl von Querschnittsteilen (1) gebildete Querschnittsform umgeformt. c) Die zumindest teilweise mäanderförmige Querschnittsform wird in einzelne Konvektorbleche (11) vereinzelt. Method for producing a convector plate (11), in particular a convector plate (11) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, wherein the convector plate (11) is conceivable as a sequence of identical point symmetrical cross-section parts (1) to a symmetry point (10) and each cross-sectional part (1 ) has a long, by the symmetry point (10) of the cross-sectional part (1) extending wall (2) and two at each end (6) of the long wall (3) adjacent short walls (2), wherein the long wall (3) has two Having kinks (7) which divide them into two short wall sections (4) and one long wall section (5), the kinks (7) being arranged symmetrically with respect to the point of symmetry (10), characterized by the following method steps: a) A preferably formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy strip is continuously moved to a preferably constant feed rate to a pair of rollers (17) formed pair of rollers. b) By means of the pair of rollers, the band is continuously formed into an at least partially meandering, formed from a plurality of cross-sectional parts (1) cross-sectional shape. c) The at least partially meander-shaped cross-sectional shape is separated into individual Konvektorbleche (11). Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Band von einem Zeitpunkt eines Eingriffs eines vorderen, als erstes mittels des Walzenpaares eingreifenden Endabschnitts des Bandes an ausschließlich mittels des Walzenpaares nachgeführt wird.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the band from a time of engagement of a front, engaging first by means of the roller pair End section of the belt is tracked exclusively by means of the pair of rollers. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abstand von Mittelachsen der das Walzenpaar bildenden Walzen (17) vor und/oder während der Umformung des Bandes verändert wird.A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a distance from central axes of the roller pair forming rollers (17) before and / or during the deformation of the belt is changed.
EP12170396.1A 2011-06-01 2012-06-01 Roll-formed convector sheet Active EP2529851B1 (en)

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CN110961507A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-07 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 High strength is spline cold instrument of beating for torsion shaft
CN110961507B (en) * 2019-12-13 2024-06-11 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 Spline cold-forging tool for high-strength torsion shaft

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