EP2519712A2 - High-efficiency thruster independent of the outside environment - Google Patents

High-efficiency thruster independent of the outside environment

Info

Publication number
EP2519712A2
EP2519712A2 EP10819689A EP10819689A EP2519712A2 EP 2519712 A2 EP2519712 A2 EP 2519712A2 EP 10819689 A EP10819689 A EP 10819689A EP 10819689 A EP10819689 A EP 10819689A EP 2519712 A2 EP2519712 A2 EP 2519712A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
fluid
pump
speed
thruster
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10819689A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilbert Ly
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2519712A2 publication Critical patent/EP2519712A2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/06—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • F01D1/08—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially having inward flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/10—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/12—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines with repeated action on same blade ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/12—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines with repeated action on same blade ring
    • F01D1/14—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines with repeated action on same blade ring traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/005—Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop ; Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F03B3/106—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the turbine wheel and the pumps wheel being mounted in adjacent positions on the same shaft in a single casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/10—Alleged perpetua mobilia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03H99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ecological propulsion device, to obtain an optimal thrust with high accuracy and independent of the external environment.
  • the thruster comprises in fact according to a first characteristic, a reaction turbine of the Francis type, but with certain design and operating features.
  • This turbine is coupled axially to a radial pump straight downstream, and upstream to a variable speed electric motor.
  • the Turbine Pump block forms a closed circuit controlled by this variable speed motor which is used to start and compensate for the loss of energy from hydraulic and mechanical sources.
  • C2t W2t 2 and not negligible. Therefore, there is still workable energy after the passage of fluid in the wheel.
  • the modulus, the direction of the absolute speed, Cit, as well as the relative pressure, Pit at the entrance of the wheel, are calculated so as, on the one hand, to ensure a given flow with a corresponding speed of rotation, and on the other hand, to overcome the centrifugal force imposed by the rotation of the fluid.
  • Cit angle a remains fixed and is about 45 ° regardless of the flow rate
  • the shape of the channel (ceiling and belt) is identical to that of the Francis Turbine, except that the radius at the entrance is the same as that of the exit. It is determined by the method proposed by Mr. Bovet, professor at the Polytechnic School of the University of Lausanne, from the velocity figure (see bibliography).
  • the dawn will stick to that of the Pump, thus forming a united piece for the continuity of the flow of the fluid.
  • the bottom of the Turbine is equipped with fins to keep the fluid away from the shaft by centrifugation.
  • the outer radius R of the pump is about twice that of the Turbine.
  • the wing of the pump is a L-shaped plate widened radially right, extension of the dawn of the Turbine.
  • the fins are held and reinforced by two profiled rings spaced apart, forming cells that guide the flow of fluid. To better convey the fluid, these cells follow the limits of the current lines.
  • On the output side of the Turbine its configuration is an exponentially curved cone frustum, and on the opposite side, it is a right cone frustum whose generator is tangent to the current lines that we will see later in the study. mathematical flow.
  • a free space (without centrifuged fluid) which has the shape of a paraboloid trunk surmounting the base of a cone just at the entrance of the Pump.
  • This free space its shape and volume play a vital role in the design and operation of the thruster that we will see later.
  • the hub radius must not be less than 37% of that of the Turbine.
  • the fluid having acquired its maximum energy passes axially in a stationary tarpaulin.
  • a spacer part of the tarpaulin, teteelle between the pump and the Turbine serves as a guide to the flow of fluid to the inlet of the latter in order to replenish it.
  • the output of the pump limited by the outer diameter of this spacer, forms a ring whose thickness determines the flow rate of the flow. In operation, there is therefore energy exchange between the Turbine and the pump.
  • the bottom of the pump in the free space has two cooling orifices whose opening is controlled by two solenoid valves.
  • the cooling circuit only works if the Turbine Pump unit overheats. While in the zone where the centrifuged fluid prevails, an orifice is provided for taking the static pressure of the centrifuged fluid at a given point, and the volume of the free space will be deduced in order to regulate it by adding or removing the necessary volume of the centrifuged fluid.
  • the width of the centrifugal fluid crown determines the relative pressure, Pit at the Turbine inlet.
  • tandem thrust bearings are mounted with sealed bearings to support thrust generated by the thruster.
  • the entire block Turbine Pump tarpaulin is enveloped by a cylindrical structure that forms a closed enclosure, allowing to pass through the common shaft coupled to a drive motor.
  • the materials used in the manufacture of the hydraulic turbomachine and its technique are perfectly suitable for producing the thruster.
  • the frequency modulation variable speed drive motor allows starting, maintaining rotation during the exchange of energy between the pump and the turbine, and thrust control with great precision.
  • the friction forces can be reduced by covering the contact surfaces with the flow of the fluid, a layer of PTFE (Teflon), and use as a centrifuged fluid, carbon tetrachloride (CC) instead of water, since it is denser and has a substantially equivalent dynamic viscosity, since the thrust is proportional to the density of the centrifuged fluid.
  • a layer of PTFE Teflon
  • CC carbon tetrachloride
  • variable speed drive motor with frequency modulation allows the control of thrust at will with great precision.
  • the thruster can be used anywhere in the space to produce mechanical energy, and therefore energy in general, and in particular to equip the flying machines, even these at vertical take-off.
  • - Figure 1 shows a section along the central axis of rotation of the propellant.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the blade of the Turbine (1 ") in perspective.
  • the device comprises a special turbine of the Francis type (1), the blade of the wheel (1 ') straightens the velocity vectors at the inlet, C ⁇ t (Fig. S) orthogonal to the axis of rotation, 90 ° and radially straight to the output with axial relative speed and. minimum, equal to the circumferential speed, rx ⁇ (r being the radius of the turbine, ⁇ la : angular velocity).
  • the fluid is collected in a free space, MADQ (MNBCPQ, i
  • the fins (2 ') are held and reinforced by two profiled rings (3') 1 spaced forming cells (3) which guide the flow of the fluid. To better convey the fluid, these cells (3) follow the limits of the current lines Yi (FIG 4) which are fixed, irrespective of the speed of rotation.
  • the relative speed at the outlet of the pump, W 2p is also axial and equal to the circumferential speed, R x ⁇ (where R is the radius of the pump).
  • the fluid will then be directed to the Turbine inlet via the distributors (12) in FIG. 5, contained in the tarpaulin (4).
  • the Turbine (1) will be energized to operate the Pump and the cycle starts again in the closed circuit Turbine Pump. There is therefore exchange of energy between the Turbine and the Pump.
  • the Turbine Pump block is secured to a common drive shaft (7) mounted at the ends on tandem axial stops with sealed bearings (6) to support thrust generated by the thruster.
  • the Turbine pump tarpaulin assembly is contained in a closed enclosure wrapped by a cylindrical structure (11) passing the drive shaft coupled to a motor (10). Starting is provided by this variable speed and frequency modulation engine (10), which controls thrust of the thruster with great accuracy.
  • the shape of the Turbine channel (ceiling and belt) is the same as that of the Francis Turbine, except that the radius at the entrance is the same as that at the exit.
  • the shape of the blade of the wheel () in FIG. 2 is that of a half-spoon curved so that the velocity vectors relative to the output, W 2t are axially right as we have already specified above.
  • another variant of vane approaching that of the Francis Turbine is a trapezoidal plate (1 ") in Fig. 3, twisted and curved so as to provide the same righting function.
  • the bottom of the Turbine is equipped with a sealing fin (S) in order to centrifuge away the fluid from the shaft, which makes it possible to better seal the latter with the external medium.
  • the fin of the pump (2 '), following the wheel (F), has the shape of a widened radially right L to comply with the flow conditions imposed above.
  • the bottom of the pump comprises two orifices communicating with the cooling circuit (9) in the zone of the free space, the opening of which is controlled by two solenoid valves which function only in case of overheating of the closed circuit Turbine Pump.
  • the width of the crown of the centrifuged fluid (L) determines the relative pressure, Pu at the inlet of the Turbine. This parameter is regulated through the third port (8) by taking or adding the centrifuged fluid from the measurement of the static pressure by a pressure gauge, performed at this level.
  • the flow rate depends on the output width (E) of the pump.
  • the sheet (4) packed with the spacer (4 ') having the shape of a flat-bottomed basin, is compartmentalized by distributors (12) whose centerline forms an angle C] t of about 45 ° (Fig. S).
  • the profile of the dispenser is that of an elongated drop of less hydrodynamic resistance.
  • This tangent acts as a sort of virtual barrier preventing the centrifuged fluid, ejected from the Turbine, from reaching the bottom of the pump in the zone of free space, which creates the imbalance of the forces exerted by the On the other hand, it directs the fluid to the outlet of the pump to replenish the Turbine, thus forming the closed circuit.
  • the contact surfaces with the flow of the fluid will be covered with a layer of PTFE (teflon) in order to reduce the friction, while using, as centrifuged fluid, carbon tetrachloride (CCU) instead of water, since CCI 4 is denser and has a slightly equivalent dynamic viscosity.
  • PTFE teflon
  • CCU carbon tetrachloride
  • the propellant is intended to produce mechanical energy, therefore energy in general without emission of C0 2 , nor of radioactive waste, and in particular to propel the flying machines, and these even at vertical takeoff everywhere in the world. space while preserving the environment and ensuring sustainable development in the field of energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological thrusting device enabling optimum thrust independent from the outside environment. It consists of a special Francis turbine (1) from which the fluid is axially ejected at the outlet of the vane (1'), at a relative speed W2t, and is collected in a defined free space of a straight radial pump (2). Under the action of the centrifugal force, the limit of the current lines forms a fixed virtual barrier Yt, thus preventing the centrifuged fluid from reaching the bottom of the pump in the free space area MNBCPQ, thereby eliminating the antagonistic force exerted on said zone. As a result, the thrusting force exerted on the turbine by the fluid remains intact. As the fluid leaves the pump, it is axially reinjected at a relative speed W2p into a tank (4) for resupplying the turbine. There is therefore an energy exchange between the pumps and the turbine that form a closed circuit, the entire system being driven by a motor (10). It is shown that the thrust force P = (1/2) pπω2 r4; p being the density of the centrifuged fluid in en Kg/m3; ω being the angular speed of the turbine in rad/s; and r its radius in metres and P in Newtons. The calculation shows that the amount of thrust generated is very high; said thruster can be used to generate mechanical energy anywhere in space, and especially to drive the most highly efficient flying machines.

Description

PROPULSEUR A HAUTE PERFORMANCE, INDEPENDANT DU MILIEU EXTERIEUR La présente invention concerne un dispositif de propulsion écologique, permettant d'obtenir une poussée optimale avec grande précision et indépendante du milieu extérieur.  The present invention relates to an ecological propulsion device, to obtain an optimal thrust with high accuracy and independent of the external environment.
Au 18*"" siècle, l'homme produisait de l'énergie mécanique en séparant les molécules d'eau ( vaporisation par chauffage ). C'est l'origine de la machine à vapeur ou le moteur à combustion externe. Puis à la fin du 19*™ siècle, apparaissait le moteur à combustion interne ou le moteur à explosion. Cette fois-ci, au lieu de séparer les molécules, on les casse carrément (les combustibles) par oxydation ( combustion ) pour produire de l'énergie mécanique. Notons que dans la machine à vapeur, on casse également les molécules de combustible (charbon) pendant la combustion pour chauffer et faire vaporiser (séparer) les molécules d'eau.  In the eighteenth century, man produced mechanical energy by separating water molecules (vaporization by heating). This is the origin of the steam engine or the external combustion engine. Then at the end of the nineteenth century appeared the internal combustion engine or the internal combustion engine. This time, instead of separating the molecules, they are squashed (the fuels) by oxidation (combustion) to produce mechanical energy. Note that in the steam engine, fuel molecules (coal) are also broken during combustion to heat and vaporize (separate) the water molecules.
Une rupture technologique survint au milieu du 20έπ>° siècle qui change complètement le destin de l'humanité : au lieu de casser les molécules, on casse les atomes ou exactement les noyaux de l'élément fîssible (Uranium 235 ) libérant une quantité gigantesque d'énergie. C'est la fission nucléaire. A technological break occurred in the middle of the 20 th century, which completely changed the destiny of humanity: instead of breaking the molecules, we break the atoms or exactly the nuclei of the fissible element (Uranium 235), releasing a gigantic quantity energy. It's nuclear fission.
Malheureusement, tous ces modes de production d'énergie s'accompagnent inévitablement de CC½, le fameux gaz à effet de serre, ou de déchets radioactifs, néfastes à notre environnement, et qui compromettent sérieusement le Développement Durable. Or le Développement Durable nécessite le développement énergétique.  Unfortunately, all these modes of energy production are inevitably accompanied by CC½, the famous greenhouse gas, or radioactive waste, harmful to our environment, and seriously compromising Sustainable Development. Sustainable development requires energy development.
Pour faire face à ce dilemme et sortir de ce cercle vicieux, il existe une solution: sans casser la matière ( les molécules de combustible ou les éléments fissibles ), on crée l'asymétrie à partir de la symétrie de la nature, c'est-à-dire casser sa symétrie ; ce qui ne change ni la nature, ni l'état de la matière. On exploite ce principe de l'asymétrie pour créer la force de propulsion dans un système mécanique générant des forces symétriques ( action et réaction ). L'invention consiste donc à concevoir un système mécanique fonctionnant conformément à ce principe que nous allons découvrir dans les pages suivantes.  To face this dilemma and get out of this vicious circle, there is a solution: without breaking the material (the fuel molecules or the fissile elements), we create the asymmetry from the symmetry of the nature, it is to break its symmetry; which does not change the nature or the state of matter. This principle of asymmetry is used to create the propulsive force in a mechanical system generating symmetrical forces (action and reaction). The invention therefore consists in designing a mechanical system operating in accordance with this principle that we will discover in the following pages.
Le propulseur comporte en effet selon une première caractéristique, une Turbine à réaction du type Francis mais avec certaines particularités de conception et de fonctionnement Cette Turbine est accouplée axialement à une Pompe radiale droite en aval, et en amont à un moteur électrique à vitesse variable. Le bloc Turbine Pompe forme un circuit fermé, commandé par ce moteur à vitesse variable qui sert à démarrer et à compenser la perte d'énergie d'origine hydraulique et mécanique.  The thruster comprises in fact according to a first characteristic, a reaction turbine of the Francis type, but with certain design and operating features. This turbine is coupled axially to a radial pump straight downstream, and upstream to a variable speed electric motor. The Turbine Pump block forms a closed circuit controlled by this variable speed motor which is used to start and compensate for the loss of energy from hydraulic and mechanical sources.
Contrairement à la Turbine Francis, la Turbine du propulseur, pièce maîtresse du système, alimentée par une Pompe radiale droite, restitue à la sortie de la roue, le fluide avec une vitesse relative axiale et minimale, W2t égale à la vitesse circonférentielle, r x ω ( r = rayon de la Turbine, ω = vitesse angulaire en radians/seconde ), donc avec une vitesse absolue non axiale. C2t = W2t 2 et non négligeable. Par conséquent, il reste encore de l'énergie exploitable après le passage du fluide dans la roue. Le module, la direction de la vitesse absolue, Cit, ainsi que la pression relative, Pit à l'entrée de la roue, sont calculés de manière d'une part, à assurer un débit donné avec une vitesse de rotation correspondante, et d'autre part, à vaincre la force centrifuge imposée par la rotation du fluide. L'angle a de Cit reste fixe et vaut environ 45°, quel que soit le débit Unlike the Francis Turbine, the propeller Turbine, the centerpiece of the system, fed by a right radial pump, restores the fluid with an axial and minimal relative speed at the outlet of the wheel, W2t equal to the circumferential speed, rx ω (r = radius of the Turbine, ω = angular velocity in radians / second), therefore with a non axial axial speed. C2t = W2t 2 and not negligible. Therefore, there is still workable energy after the passage of fluid in the wheel. The modulus, the direction of the absolute speed, Cit, as well as the relative pressure, Pit at the entrance of the wheel, are calculated so as, on the one hand, to ensure a given flow with a corresponding speed of rotation, and on the other hand, to overcome the centrifugal force imposed by the rotation of the fluid. Cit angle a remains fixed and is about 45 ° regardless of the flow rate
Cependant, la forme du canal ( plafond et ceinture ) est identique à celle de la Turbine Francis, sauf que le rayon à l'entrée est le même que celui de sortie. Elle est déterminée par la méthode proposée par Monsieur Bovet, professeur à l'école Polytechnique de l'Université de Lausanne, à partir du chiffre de vitesse ( Voir bibliographie ).  However, the shape of the channel (ceiling and belt) is identical to that of the Francis Turbine, except that the radius at the entrance is the same as that of the exit. It is determined by the method proposed by Mr. Bovet, professor at the Polytechnic School of the University of Lausanne, from the velocity figure (see bibliography).
L'aube de la Turbine ayant la forme d'une demi-cuiller et épousant le profil du canal, s'incurve de manière à redresser les vecteurs vitesses à l'entrée, Cit orthogonaux à l'axe de rotation, de 90° et radialement droit à la sortie. Donc, à la sortie, ces vecteurs vitesses sont parallèles à l'axe de la Turbine. L'ensemble est entouré par une gaine cylindrique formant la paroi extérieure de la ceinture. Selon les conditions de l'écoulement, une autre variante d'aubage se rapprochant de celui de la Turbine Francis, est une plaque trapézoïdale , torsadée et incurvée de manière à assurer la même fonction de redressement que précédemment. Le nombre d'aubes est fonction de la vitesse spécifique, et est compris entre onze et dix-sept. A la sortie de la Turbine, l'aube va s'accoler à celui de la Pompe, formant ainsi une pièce unie pour la continuité de l'écoulement du fluide. Enfin pour mieux assurer Pétanchéité de l'arbre avec le milieu extérieur, le fond de la Turbine est équipé d'ailettes afin de maintenir le fluide éloigné de l'arbre par centrifugation.  The dawn of the Turbine having the shape of a half-spoon and marrying the profile of the channel, curved so as to straighten the velocity vectors at the entrance, Cit orthogonal to the axis of rotation, 90 ° and radially straight to the exit. So, at the exit, these velocity vectors are parallel to the axis of the Turbine. The assembly is surrounded by a cylindrical sheath forming the outer wall of the belt. Depending on the conditions of the flow, another variant of vane approaching that of the Francis Turbine, is a trapezoidal plate, twisted and curved so as to provide the same rectifying function as before. The number of blades is a function of the specific speed, and is between eleven and seventeen. At the exit of the Turbine, the dawn will stick to that of the Pump, thus forming a united piece for the continuity of the flow of the fluid. Finally, to better seal the shaft with the external environment, the bottom of the Turbine is equipped with fins to keep the fluid away from the shaft by centrifugation.
La Pompe radiale droite actionnée par la Turbine, récupère le fluide à la sortie de cette dernière avec une vitesse relative, Wip = W2t . La vitesse relative à la sortie de la Pompe est également axiale, de module W2p = R x ω ( R = rayon extérieur de la Pompe ). Le rayon extérieur R de la Pompe vaut environ le double de celui de la Turbine. L'ailette de la Pompe est une plaque en forme de L élargi radialement droit, prolongement de l'aube de la Turbine. Les ailettes sont maintenues et renforcées par deux couronnes profilées, espacées, formant des alvéoles qui guident l'écoulement du fluide. Pour mieux véhiculer le fluide, ces alvéoles épousent les limites des lignes de courant. Du côté de sortie de la Turbine, sa configuration est un tronc de cône à courbure exponentielle, et du côté opposé, c'est un tronc de cône droit dont la génératrice est tangente aux lignes de courant que nous verrons plus tard dans l'étude mathématique de l'écoulement. The right radial pump operated by the Turbine, recovers the fluid at the outlet of the latter with a relative speed, Wip = W2t. The relative speed at the outlet of the pump is also axial, of module W 2p = R x ω (R = outside radius of the pump). The outer radius R of the pump is about twice that of the Turbine. The wing of the pump is a L-shaped plate widened radially right, extension of the dawn of the Turbine. The fins are held and reinforced by two profiled rings spaced apart, forming cells that guide the flow of fluid. To better convey the fluid, these cells follow the limits of the current lines. On the output side of the Turbine, its configuration is an exponentially curved cone frustum, and on the opposite side, it is a right cone frustum whose generator is tangent to the current lines that we will see later in the study. mathematical flow.
Entre le moyeu et le fluide centrifugé, est prévu un espace libre ( sans fluide centrifugé ) qui a la forme d'un tronc de paraboloïde surmontant la base d'un cône juste à l'entrée de la Pompe. Cet espace libre, sa forme et son volume jouent un rôle capital dans la conception et le fonctionnement du propulseur que nous allons voir par la suite. Pour éviter le chevauchement entre les filets de courant à l'entrée de la Pompe, le rayon du moyeu ne doit pas être inférieur à 37% de celui de la Turbine. A la sortie de la Pompe, le fluide ayant acquis son énergie maximale, passe axialement dans une bâche immobile. Une entretoise faisant partie de la bâche, à Taisselle entre la Pompe et la Turbine, sert de guide de l'écoulement du fluide vers l'entrée de cette dernière afin de la réalimenter. La sortie de la Pompe limitée par le diamètre extérieur de cette entretoise, forme une couronne dont l'épaisseur détermine le débit de l'écoulement. En i fonctionnement, il y a donc échange d'énergie entre la Turbine et la Pompe. Between the hub and the centrifuged fluid is provided a free space (without centrifuged fluid) which has the shape of a paraboloid trunk surmounting the base of a cone just at the entrance of the Pump. This free space, its shape and volume play a vital role in the design and operation of the thruster that we will see later. To avoid overlap between current flows at the pump inlet, the hub radius must not be less than 37% of that of the Turbine. At the outlet of the pump, the fluid having acquired its maximum energy, passes axially in a stationary tarpaulin. A spacer part of the tarpaulin, teteelle between the pump and the Turbine, serves as a guide to the flow of fluid to the inlet of the latter in order to replenish it. The output of the pump limited by the outer diameter of this spacer, forms a ring whose thickness determines the flow rate of the flow. In operation, there is therefore energy exchange between the Turbine and the pump.
Le fond de la Pompe dans l'espace libre, présente deux orifices de refroidissement dont l'ouverture est commandée par deux électrovannes. Le circuit de refroidissement fonctionne uniquement en cas de surchauffe du bloc Turbine Pompe. Tandis que dans la zone où règne le fluide centrifugé, un orifice est prévu pour la prise de pression statique du fluide centrifugé en un point donné, et on en déduira le volume de l'espace libre afin de le réguler en ajoutant ou en prélevant le volume nécessaire du fluide centrifugé. La largeur de la couronne du fluide centrifugé détermine la pression relative, Pit à l'entrée de la Turbine.  The bottom of the pump in the free space, has two cooling orifices whose opening is controlled by two solenoid valves. The cooling circuit only works if the Turbine Pump unit overheats. While in the zone where the centrifuged fluid prevails, an orifice is provided for taking the static pressure of the centrifuged fluid at a given point, and the volume of the free space will be deduced in order to regulate it by adding or removing the necessary volume of the centrifuged fluid. The width of the centrifugal fluid crown determines the relative pressure, Pit at the Turbine inlet.
Comme les vitesses sont uniformément réparties sur des cercles concentriques à la sortie I de la Pompe, le fluide sera canalisé dans une bâche circulaire et non spirale comme le cas de la Turbine Francis. Nous avons déjà vu que la vitesse relative axiale à la sortie de la Pompe, W2p = R x co, il en résulte que sa vitesse absolue, dp = V2.W2p, dévie de 45° par rapport à la direction de l'axe, et dans le sens de rotation. La bâche ayant la forme d'une cuvette à fond plat, constitue avec l'entretoise , un canal qui dirige le fluide vers la Turbine par l'intermédiaire des distributeurs. Le profil du distributeur est celui d'une goutte allongée de moindre résistance hydrodynamique. Nous rappelons que la ligne moyenne du distributeur forme un angle a de C» d'environ 45° à l'entrée de la Turbine. Afin de réduire les vibrations, le nombre d'ailettes distributrices ne doit pas être multiple du nombre d'aubes de la Turbine. As the velocities are uniformly distributed over concentric circles at the outlet I of the pump, the fluid will be channeled in a circular and non-spiral sheet like the case of the Francis Turbine. We have already seen that the axial relative speed at the outlet of the pump, W 2p = R x co, it follows that its absolute speed, dp = V2.W2p, deviates by 45 ° with respect to the direction of the axis , and in the direction of rotation. The tarpaulin having the shape of a flat-bottomed bowl, constitutes with the spacer, a channel that directs the fluid to the Turbine via the distributors. The profile of the dispenser is that of an elongated drop of less hydrodynamic resistance. We recall that the average line of the distributor forms an angle a of C "of about 45 ° at the entrance of the Turbine. In order to reduce vibrations, the number of distributor fins must not be multiple of the number of blades of the Turbine.
Aux extrémités de l'arbre commun du bloc Turbine Pompe, sont montées des butées axiales en tandem avec des roulements étanches pour supporter la poussée générée par le propulseur. L'ensemble du bloc Turbine Pompe bâche est enveloppé par une structure cylindrique qui forme une enceinte close , laissant traverser l'arbre commun accouplé à un moteur d'entraînement.  At the ends of the common shaft of the Turbine Pump block, tandem thrust bearings are mounted with sealed bearings to support thrust generated by the thruster. The entire block Turbine Pump tarpaulin is enveloped by a cylindrical structure that forms a closed enclosure, allowing to pass through the common shaft coupled to a drive motor.
Les matériaux utilisés dans la fabrication de la turbomachine hydraulique et sa technique conviennent parfaitement dans la réalisation du propulseur. Enfin le moteur d'entraînement à vitesse variable à modulation de fréquence, permet le démarrage, le maintien de rotation lors de l'échange d'énergie entre la Pompe et la Turbine, et la commande de la poussée avec grande précision. The materials used in the manufacture of the hydraulic turbomachine and its technique are perfectly suitable for producing the thruster. Finally, the frequency modulation variable speed drive motor allows starting, maintaining rotation during the exchange of energy between the pump and the turbine, and thrust control with great precision.
En ce qui concerne le fonctionnement, revenons à notre Turbine. Après avoir cédé son énergie dans la roue jusqu'à la sortie, c'est-à-dire à l'entrée immédiate de la Pompe dans l'espace libre, le fluide garde sa vitesse relative axiale, minimale proportionnelle au rayon ( W¾ = r x ω ). Considérons une repère XOY lié à la Turbine, OX étant porté par l'axe de rotation et OY par sa base de sortie qui représente le rayon, r de la Turbine  As for the operation, let's go back to our Turbine. After having given up its energy in the wheel until the exit, that is to say at the immediate entrance of the pump in the free space, the fluid keeps its relative axial speed, minimal proportional to the radius (W¾ = rx ω). Consider an XOY reference linked to the Turbine, OX being carried by the axis of rotation and OY by its exit base which represents the radius, r of the Turbine
On a W2t = Γ χ ω = Υ χ ω = Wip We have W 2t = Γ χ ω = Υ χ ω = Wip
A l'entrée de la Pompe, l'élément de masse dm du fluide est soumis à la force centrifuge f= dm x r <o2 = dm x Y. oî2 ; Or f = dm xy = dm x Y"(t) ; donc Y"(t) = Y(t) x <o2 En intégrant cette équation différentielle, on obtient : At the inlet of the pump, the mass element dm of the fluid is subjected to the centrifugal force f = dm xr <o 2 = dm x Y. o 2 ; Or f = dm xy = dm x Y "(t), so Y" (t) = Y (t) x <o 2 By integrating this differential equation, we obtain:
Y = Yo exp art (1)  Y = Yo exp art (1)
Sur l'axe OX, on a X = WiPxt = Yo x art ou X Yo = art On the OX axis, we have X = Wi P xt = Yo x art or X Yo = art
En remplaçant art par X/Yo dans (1), on obtient: Y = Yo .exp X/Yo  Replacing art with X / Yo in (1) yields: Y = Yo .exp X / Yo
Ces lignes de courant sont donc indépendantes de ω et ne dépendent que de Yo. On démontre qu'elles sont tangentes à la droite Y = e.X ( e= 2,7182.. ) qui est fixe. Autrement dit, quelle que soit sa vitesse, le fluide éjecté de la Turbine ne passera pas à travers la droite Y = e.X, mais il est détourné à l'extérieur de l'espace libre. Cet espace libre est limité par un volume de révolution, déterminé par cette tangente et un tronçon de parabole d'équation X = ( r2 x ω2 )/2g, g étant l'accélération de la pesanteur. C'est donc bien un tronçon de paraboloïde surmontant la base d'un cône que nous avons déjà évoqué plus haut Son volume est donc bien déterminé. C'est bien dans la zone de cet espace libre où se crée le déséquilibre ( asymétrie ) des forces exercées par le fluide en mouvement. Par conséquent, le fluide éjecté n'atteindra pas le fond de la Pompe dans la zone de l'espace libre. Tout se passe comme si ce fond était rejeté à l'infini. Le bloc Turbine Pompe doit donc être partiellement rempli de fluide centrifugé. These current lines are therefore independent of ω and depend only on Yo. We prove that they are tangent to the line Y = eX (e = 2.7182 ..) which is fixed. In other words, whatever its speed, the fluid ejected from the Turbine will not pass through the line Y = eX, but it is diverted to the outside of the free space. This free space is limited by a volume of revolution, determined by this tangent and a parabola section of equation X = (r 2 x ω 2 ) / 2g, where g is the acceleration of gravity. So it is a section of paraboloid above the base of a cone that we have already mentioned above Its volume is well determined. It is in the zone of this free space where the imbalance (asymmetry) of the forces exerted by the fluid in motion is created. Therefore, the ejected fluid will not reach the bottom of the pump in the free space area. Everything happens as if this background was rejected to infinity. The Turbine Pump block must therefore be partially filled with centrifuged fluid.
Voyons maintenant, la poussée générée par le propulseur. Pour des raisons de symétrie, les forces exercées par le fluide en mouvement sur les parois en dehors de la zone axiale de l'espace libre s'annulent. Seule subsiste la poussée exercée sur la Turbine dans la zone axiale opposée à l'espace libre. Calculons d'abord le débit volumique maximal Q ( avec le rayon du moyeu r0 = 0 et en négligeant la section de l'aubage par rapport à celle de la Turbine ). Let's see now, the thrust generated by the thruster. For reasons of symmetry, the forces exerted by the fluid moving on the walls outside the axial zone of the free space cancel each other out. Only the thrust exerted on the Turbine in the axial zone opposite to the free space remains. Let us first calculate the maximum volume flow rate Q (with the hub radius r 0 = 0 and neglecting the section of the blade relative to that of the turbine).
Mous savons qu'à la sortie, on a une distribution linéaire des vitesses : V = r x ω. We know that at the output, we have a linear distribution of velocities: V = r x ω.
dQ = V.ds avec ds = 27tr.dr On a donc : Q = dQ = V.ds with ds = 27tr.dr So we have: Q =
Et le débit massique q = p x Q = (2/3)ρπωΓ3, p étant la masse volumique du fluide. D'après le principe de la quantité de mouvement, en s'éjectant de la Turbine, le fluide exerce sur cette dernière une poussée dynamique £P telle que : And the mass flow q = px Q = (2/3) ρπωΓ 3 , where p is the density of the fluid. According to the principle of momentum, by ejecting from the Turbine, the fluid exerts on the latter a dynamic thrust £ P such that:
9= Jo V.p dQ = p Jo ^ oi^Ttr.dr = (½) ρπω2 τ4 9 = Jo Vp dQ = p Jo ^ oi ^ Ttr.dr = (½) ρπω 2 τ 4
On peut dire que l'espace libre régnant dans la Pompe, crée F asymétrie .source de cette poussée £P sur la Turbine close en rotation, car si le bloc Turbine Pompe était complètement remplie de fluide centrifugé, toutes les forces exercées par le fluide en mouvement seraient symétriques et s'annuleraient Par conséquent, cet espace libre à volume fini, cassant la symétrie de la nature, joue un rôle primordial dans ce système de propulsion que nous avons , précisé plus haut. En plus de sa capacité de charge utile importante [(½) ρ ω2 r4 ], ce propulseur ! indépendant du milieu extérieur et respectueux de l'environnement, assure une sécurité optimale pour les vies humaines qui n'ont pas de prix, grâce à sa flexibilité et sa maniabilité. It can be said that the free space in the pump creates the asymmetry of this thrust on the rotating turbine, because if the turbine pump block was completely filled with centrifuged fluid, all the forces exerted by the fluid In this case, this free space with finite volume, breaking the symmetry of nature, plays a primordial role in this propulsion system that we have, specified above. In addition to its large payload capacity [(½) ρ ω 2 r 4 ], this thruster! independent of the environment and respectful of the environment, ensures optimal security for life that is priceless, thanks to its flexibility and maneuverability.
Pour améliorer la performance du propulseur, on peut diminuer les forces de frottement en recouvrant les surfaces de contact avec l'écoulement du fluide, d'une couche de PTFE (téflon), et utiliser comme fluide centrifugé, le tétrachlorure de carbone ( CC ) à la place de l'eau, puisqu'il est plus dense et doté d'une viscosité dynamique pratiquement équivalente, étant donné que la poussée est proportionnelle à la masse volumique du fluide centrifugé. Remarquons que la présence du moyeu de rayon r0 ( non nul ) = 37% de r, rayon de la Turbine prévu précédemment, ne change pratiquement pas l'intensité de la poussée {?, car [(½) ρπ2 (37%. r)4] est négligeable devant [(½) ρπω2 r4]. Enfin le moteur d'entraînement à vitesse variable à modulation de fréquence permet la commande de poussée à volonté avec grande précision. On peut utiliser le propulseur partout dans l'espace pour produire de l'énergie mécanique , donc de l'énergie en général, et en particulier pour équiper les engins volants, ceux-ci même à décollage vertical. A titre d'exemple, le propulseur dont le rayon de la Turbine, r = 10 cm, tournant à 3000 t/mn, et utilisant l'eau comme fluide centrifugé, génère une poussée £? d'environ 1SS0 kg. Cette poussée est suffisante pour faire décoller verticalement un engin volant de plus d'une tonne. - La figure 1 représente une coupe selon l'axe central de rotation du propulseur. To improve the performance of the thruster, the friction forces can be reduced by covering the contact surfaces with the flow of the fluid, a layer of PTFE (Teflon), and use as a centrifuged fluid, carbon tetrachloride (CC) instead of water, since it is denser and has a substantially equivalent dynamic viscosity, since the thrust is proportional to the density of the centrifuged fluid. Note that the presence of the hub of radius r 0 (not zero) = 37% r, the radius of the Turbine predicted above, does not change the intensity of the thrust {?, Because [(½) ρπ 2 (37% r) 4 ] is negligible compared to [(½) ρπω 2 r 4 ]. Finally, the variable speed drive motor with frequency modulation allows the control of thrust at will with great precision. The thruster can be used anywhere in the space to produce mechanical energy, and therefore energy in general, and in particular to equip the flying machines, even these at vertical take-off. For example, the propeller whose radius of the Turbine, r = 10 cm, rotating at 3000 rpm, and using water as centrifuged fluid, generates a thrust? about 1SS0 kg. This thrust is sufficient to vertically take off a flying vehicle of more than one ton. - Figure 1 shows a section along the central axis of rotation of the propellant.
- La figure 1 représente l'aube de la Turbine (1 ') en perspective.  - Figure 1 represents the dawn of the Turbine (1 ') in perspective.
- La figure 3 représente une variante de l'aube de la Turbine (1 ") en perspective.  - Figure 3 shows a variant of the blade of the Turbine (1 ") in perspective.
- La figure 4 représente les lignes de courant ( 13 ) à l'entrée de la pompe.  - Figure 4 shows the current lines (13) at the pump inlet.
- La figure S représente les distributeurs ( 12 ) vus par-dessus.  - Figure S represents the distributors (12) seen above.
En référence à ces dessins, le dispositif comporte une Turbine spéciale du type Francis (1) dont l'aube de la roue (1 ') redresse les vecteurs vitesses à l'entrée, C\t (Fig. S) orthogonaux à l'axe de rotation, de 90° et radialement droit à la sortie avec une vitesse relative axiale et . minimale, égale à la vitesse circonférentielle, r x ω ( r étant le rayon de la Turbine, ω la : vitesse angulaire ). A la sortie, le fluide est recueilli dans un espace libre, MADQ ( MNBCPQ, i With reference to these drawings, the device comprises a special turbine of the Francis type (1), the blade of the wheel (1 ') straightens the velocity vectors at the inlet, C \ t (Fig. S) orthogonal to the axis of rotation, 90 ° and radially straight to the output with axial relative speed and. minimum, equal to the circumferential speed, rx ω (r being the radius of the turbine, ω la : angular velocity). At the outlet, the fluid is collected in a free space, MADQ (MNBCPQ, i
: étant l'espace libre net ) par une Pompe radiale droite (2) dont l'ailette (2') forme une pièce unie avec l'aube de la Turbine (1 ') pour la continuité de l'écoulement. : being the net free space) by a right radial pump (2) whose fin (2 ') forms a solid piece with the blade of the Turbine (1') for the continuity of the flow.
Les ailettes (2') sont maintenues et renforcées par deux couronnes profilées (3') 1 espacées formant des alvéoles (3) qui guident l'écoulement du fluide. Pour mieux véhiculer le I fluide, ces alvéoles (3) épousent les limites des lignes de courant Yi (Fig. 4) qui sont fixes, quelle que soit la vitesse de rotation. La vitesse relative à la sortie de la Pompe, W2p est également axiale et égale à la vitesse circonférentielle, R x ω ( R étant le rayon de la Pompe ). Le fluide sera dirigé ensuite vers l'entrée de la Turbine par l'intermédiaire des distributeurs (12) dans la Fig. 5, contenus dans la bâche (4). La Turbine (1) sera ainsi alimentée pour actionner la Pompe et le cycle recommence dans le circuit fermé Turbine Pompe. Il y a donc échange d'énergie entre la Turbine et la Pompe. The fins (2 ') are held and reinforced by two profiled rings (3') 1 spaced forming cells (3) which guide the flow of the fluid. To better convey the fluid, these cells (3) follow the limits of the current lines Yi (FIG 4) which are fixed, irrespective of the speed of rotation. The relative speed at the outlet of the pump, W 2p is also axial and equal to the circumferential speed, R x ω (where R is the radius of the pump). The fluid will then be directed to the Turbine inlet via the distributors (12) in FIG. 5, contained in the tarpaulin (4). The Turbine (1) will be energized to operate the Pump and the cycle starts again in the closed circuit Turbine Pump. There is therefore exchange of energy between the Turbine and the Pump.
Le bloc Turbine Pompe est solidaire à un arbre d'entraînement commun (7) monté aux extrémités sur des butées axiales en tandem avec des roulements étanches (6) pour supporter la poussée générée par le propulseur. L'ensemble Turbine Pompe bâche est contenu dans une enceinte close enveloppée par une structure cylindrique (11) laissant passer l'arbre d'entraînement accouplé à un moteur (10). Le démarrage est assuré par ce moteur (10) à vitesse variable et à modulation de fréquence, qui commande la poussée du propulseur avec grande précision.  The Turbine Pump block is secured to a common drive shaft (7) mounted at the ends on tandem axial stops with sealed bearings (6) to support thrust generated by the thruster. The Turbine pump tarpaulin assembly is contained in a closed enclosure wrapped by a cylindrical structure (11) passing the drive shaft coupled to a motor (10). Starting is provided by this variable speed and frequency modulation engine (10), which controls thrust of the thruster with great accuracy.
La forme du canal de la Turbine ( plafond et ceinture ) est la même que celle de la Turbine Francis, sauf que le rayon à l'entrée est le même que celui de sortie. La forme de l'aube de la roue ( ) dans la Fig. 2 est celle d'une demi-cuiller incurvée de manière à ce que les vecteurs vitesses relatives à la sortie ,W2t soient axialement droit comme nous avons déjà précisé plus haut. Selon les conditions de l'écoulement, une autre variante d'aubage se rapprochant de celui de la Turbine Francis, est une plaque trapézoïdale (1 ") dans la Fig. 3, torsadée et incurvée de manière à assurer la même fonction de redressement. Le fond de la Turbine est équipé d'ailette d'étanchéité (S) afin d'éloigner par centrifugation le fluide de l'arbre, ce qui permet de mieux assurer l'étanchéité de ce dernier avec le milieu extérieur. The shape of the Turbine channel (ceiling and belt) is the same as that of the Francis Turbine, except that the radius at the entrance is the same as that at the exit. The shape of the blade of the wheel () in FIG. 2 is that of a half-spoon curved so that the velocity vectors relative to the output, W 2t are axially right as we have already specified above. Depending on the conditions of the flow, another variant of vane approaching that of the Francis Turbine, is a trapezoidal plate (1 ") in Fig. 3, twisted and curved so as to provide the same righting function. The bottom of the Turbine is equipped with a sealing fin (S) in order to centrifuge away the fluid from the shaft, which makes it possible to better seal the latter with the external medium.
L'ailette de la Pompe (2'), faisant suite de la roue (F), a la forme d'un L élargi radialement droit afin de respecter les conditions de l'écoulement imposées ci-dessus. Le fond de la Pompe comporte deux orifices communiquant au circuit de refroidissement (9) dans la zone de l'espace libre, dont l'ouverture est commandée par deux électrovannes qui fonctionnent uniquement en cas de surchauffe du circuit fermé Turbine Pompe. La largeur de la couronne du fluide centrifugé (L) détermine la pression relative, Pu à l'entrée de la Turbine. Ce paramètre est régulé à travers le troisième orifice (8) en prélevant ou en ajoutant le fluide centrifugé d'après la mesure de la pression statique par un manomètre, effectuée à ce niveau. Le débit dépend de la largeur de sortie (E) de la Pompe. La bâche (4) garnie d' entretoise (4'), ayant la forme d'une cuvette à fond plat, est compartimentée par des distributeurs (12) dont la ligne médiane forme un angle a de C]t d'environ 45° (Fig. S). Le profil du distributeur est celui d'une goutte allongé de moindre résistance hydrodynamique. The fin of the pump (2 '), following the wheel (F), has the shape of a widened radially right L to comply with the flow conditions imposed above. The bottom of the pump comprises two orifices communicating with the cooling circuit (9) in the zone of the free space, the opening of which is controlled by two solenoid valves which function only in case of overheating of the closed circuit Turbine Pump. The width of the crown of the centrifuged fluid (L) determines the relative pressure, Pu at the inlet of the Turbine. This parameter is regulated through the third port (8) by taking or adding the centrifuged fluid from the measurement of the static pressure by a pressure gauge, performed at this level. The flow rate depends on the output width (E) of the pump. The sheet (4) packed with the spacer (4 ') having the shape of a flat-bottomed basin, is compartmentalized by distributors (12) whose centerline forms an angle C] t of about 45 ° (Fig. S). The profile of the dispenser is that of an elongated drop of less hydrodynamic resistance.
En ce qui concerne le fonctionnement, on sait que l'énergie massique du fluide est maximale à l'entrée de la Turbine, et minimale à la sortie. Après avoir cédé son énergie dans l'aube de la roue (F) de la Turbine, le fluide est recueilli dans l'espace libre MADQ de la Pompe avec une vitesse relative axiale et minimale W» = r x ω = Wip, vitesse relative à l'entrée de la Pompe; alors, il est soumis à l'accélération centrifuge, r x ω2 . En rapportant à un repère XOY lié à la turbine (Fig 4), OX étant porté par l'axe de la Turbine, et OY par sa base, qui représente le rayon, on démontre que l'équation des lignes de courant est de la forme Y = Yo.exp X/Yo, indépendante de ω, et que ces lignes de courant sont tangentes à la droite Yt = e.X ( e = 2,7182..) qui est fixe. Cette tangente joue en quelque sorte, (e rôle de barrière virtuelle empêchant le fluide centrifugé, éjecté de la Turbine, d'atteindre le fond de la Pompe dans la zone de l'espace libre; ce qui crée le déséquilibre des forces exercées par le fluide en mouvement. D'autre part, elle permet de diriger le fluide vers la sortie de la Pompe afin de réalimenter la Turbine, formant ainsi le circuit fermé. As regards the operation, it is known that the mass specific energy of the fluid is maximum at the entry of the Turbine, and minimum at the exit. After having given up its energy in the dawn of the Turbine wheel (F), the fluid is collected in the free space MADQ of the pump with a minimum axial axial speed W "= rx ω = Wip, velocity relative to the entrance to the pump; then, it is subjected to the centrifugal acceleration, rx ω 2 . By referring to a reference XOY linked to the turbine (Fig 4), OX being carried by the axis of the Turbine, and OY by its base, which represents the radius, it is shown that the equation of the current lines is the form Y = Yo.exp X / Yo, independent of ω, and that these current lines are tangent to the line Y t = eX (e = 2.7182 ..) which is fixed. This tangent acts as a sort of virtual barrier preventing the centrifuged fluid, ejected from the Turbine, from reaching the bottom of the pump in the zone of free space, which creates the imbalance of the forces exerted by the On the other hand, it directs the fluid to the outlet of the pump to replenish the Turbine, thus forming the closed circuit.
Connaissant la distribution des vitesses relatives axiales à la sortie de la Turbine, on pourra calculer le débit massique q = (2/3) ρπω (r3 - r0 3 ), r0 étant le rayon du moyeu de la Turbine, et p, la masse volumique du fluide centrifugé. Etudions maintenant la poussée du propulseur. Pour des raisons de symétrie, les forces exercées par le fluide en mouvement sur les parois en dehors de la zone axiale de l'espace libre, s'annulent. En s'éjectant de la Turbine, d'après le principe de la quantité de mouvement, on démontre que le fluide exerce une poussée dynamique £P = (½) ρπω2 r4 ( en négligeant r0i le rayon du moyeu de la Turbine, et la section de l'aubage par rapport à celle de la Turbine ). Au cas où le rayon du moyeu de la Turbine, r0= 37% de r, rayon de la Turbiné citée précédemment, le calcul montre que la nouvelle poussée £P ' =Knowing the distribution of the axial relative speeds at the Turbine outlet, we can calculate the mass flow rate q = (2/3) ρπω (r 3 - r 0 3 ), where r 0 is the Turbine hub radius, and p , the density of the centrifuged fluid. Now let's look at the propeller thrust. For reasons of symmetry, the forces exerted by the fluid moving on the walls outside the axial zone of the free space, cancel each other out. By ejecting from the Turbine, according to the principle of momentum, it is shown that the fluid exerts a dynamic thrust £ P = (½) ρπω 2 r 4 (neglecting r 0i the radius of the Turbine hub, and the section of the blade compared to that of the Turbine). In the case where the radius of the Turbine hub, r 0 = 37% r, radius of the Turbine cited above, the calculation shows that the new thrust £ P '=
98% de ÉP . Enfin pour améliorer la performance du propulseur, les surfaces de contact avec l'écoulement du fluide seront recouvertes d'une couche de PTFE (téflon) afin de diminuer le frottement, tout en utilisant, comme fluide centrifugé, le tétrachlorure de carbone ( CCU ) à la place de l'eau, puisque le CCI4 est plus dense et doté d'une viscosité dynamique légèrement équivalente. 98% of PE Finally, to improve the performance of the propellant, the contact surfaces with the flow of the fluid will be covered with a layer of PTFE (teflon) in order to reduce the friction, while using, as centrifuged fluid, carbon tetrachloride (CCU) instead of water, since CCI 4 is denser and has a slightly equivalent dynamic viscosity.
Le propulseur est destiné à produire de l'énergie mécanique, donc de l'énergie en général sans émission de C02, ni de déchets radioactifs, et en particulier pour propulser les engins volants, et ceux-ci même à décollage vertical partout dans l'espace tout en préservant l'environnement et assurant le Développement Durable dans le domaine de l'énergie. The propellant is intended to produce mechanical energy, therefore energy in general without emission of C0 2 , nor of radioactive waste, and in particular to propel the flying machines, and these even at vertical takeoff everywhere in the world. space while preserving the environment and ensuring sustainable development in the field of energy.

Claims

1) Propulseur écologique caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une Turbine spéciale du type Francis (1) d'où , le fluide est éjecté axialement à la sortie de l'aube (F) avec une vitesse relative, W2t, et est recueilli dans un espace libre (sans fluide centrifugé) d'une Pompe radiale droite (2) pour réinjecter axialement avec une vitesse relative, W2p dans une bâche (4) immobile afin de réalimenter la Turbine (1) par l'intermédiaire des distributeurs (12) avec une vitesse absolue C]t à la pression Pu, formant ainsi le circuit fermé dans une enceinte close, le bloc Turbine Pompe étant actionné par un moteur (10), accouplé à un arbre commun (7). 1) Ecological thruster characterized in that it comprises a special Turbine type Francis (1) where, the fluid is ejected axially at the exit of the blade (F) with a relative speed, W 2t , and is collected in a free space (without centrifuged fluid) of a right radial pump (2) for reinjecting axially with a relative speed, W 2p in a sheet (4) immobile in order to replenish the turbine (1) via the distributors ( 12) with an absolute speed C ] t at the pressure Pu, thus forming the closed circuit in a closed enclosure, the Turbine pump block being actuated by a motor (10), coupled to a common shaft (7).
2) Propulseur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la vitesse relative axiale, W2t (ou Wip, vitesse relative à l'entrée de la Pompe) est égale à la vitesse circonférentielle, r x ω, et il en est de même de la vitesse relative axiale à la sortie de la Pompe, W2p. 2) A thruster according to claim 1 characterized in that the axial relative speed, W 2t (or Wi p , speed relative to the inlet of the pump) is equal to the circumferential speed, rx ω, and it is the same the axial relative velocity at the outlet of the pump, W 2p .
3) Propulseur selon la revendication 1 et 2 caractérisé en ce que la vitesse absolue, Cn à l'entrée de la Turbine avec une pression, Pu, assure, d'une part un débit donné et d'autre part à vaincre la force centrifuge imposée par la rotation correspondante du fluide. 3) A thruster according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the absolute speed, C n at the inlet of the Turbine with a pressure, Pu, ensures, on the one hand a given flow and on the other hand to overcome the force centrifugal force imposed by the corresponding rotation of the fluid.
4) Propulseur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que le rayon du moyeu à la sortie de la Turbine, r0 est égal ou supérieur à 37% du rayon de sortie de la Turbine , r ; ceci afin d'éviter le chevauchement entre les filets de courant dans la zone de l'espace libre de la Pompe. 4) A thruster according to claim 3 characterized in that the radius of the hub at the outlet of the Turbine, r 0 is equal to or greater than 37% of the output radius of the Turbine, r; this is to avoid overlap between the current streams in the area of the free space of the pump.
5) Propulseur selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que l'aube de la Turbine (Γ) pourrait avoirla forme (1 ") suivant les conditions de l'écoulement du fluide. 5) A thruster according to claim 4 characterized in that the blade of the Turbine (Γ) could have the shape (1 ") according to the conditions of the flow of the fluid.
6) Propulseur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le fond de la Turbine est muni d'ailettes d'étanchéité (5) afin d'éloigner le fluide centrifugé de l'arbre commun (7) communiquant vers l'extérieur. 6) A thruster according to claim 1 characterized in that the bottom of the Turbine is provided with sealing fins (5) to move the centrifuged fluid away from the common shaft (7) communicating outwards.
7) Propulseur selon la revendication 1 et 6 caractérisé en ce que le fond de la Pompe comporte un orifice (8) pour la prise de pression statique du fluide centrifugé, et de la réguler si nécessaire. 7) A thruster according to claim 1 and 6 characterized in that the bottom of the pump comprises an orifice (8) for taking the static pressure of the centrifuged fluid, and to regulate if necessary.
8) Propulseur selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le fond de la Pompe dans la zone de l'espace libre, comporte un orifice deux orifices dont l'ouverture est commandée par deux électrovannes qui communiquent avec le circuit de refroidissement (9) vers l'extérieur. 8) Propellant according to claim 7 characterized in that the bottom of the pump in the zone of the free space, has a two-hole orifice whose opening is controlled by two solenoid valves which communicate with the cooling circuit (9) to the outside.
9) Propulseur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de contact avec l'écoulement du fluide sont recouvertes d'une couche de PTFE (téflon) afin de diminuer le frottement 9) A thruster according to claim 1 characterized in that the contact surfaces with the fluid flow are covered with a layer of PTFE (teflon) to reduce friction
EP10819689A 2009-12-31 2010-12-29 High-efficiency thruster independent of the outside environment Ceased EP2519712A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0906424A FR2954801A1 (en) 2009-12-31 2009-12-31 PROPELLER WITHOUT EMISSION OF CO2 OR RADIOACTIVE WASTE, REQUIRING MINIMUM TORQUE, BASED ON PARADOXAL VACUUM THEORY
PCT/IB2010/003391 WO2011080584A2 (en) 2009-12-31 2010-12-29 High-efficiency thruster independent of the outside environment

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EP2519712A2 true EP2519712A2 (en) 2012-11-07

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EP (1) EP2519712A2 (en)
CN (1) CN102844526B (en)
FR (1) FR2954801A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2011080584A2 (en)

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JP2016017520A (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-02-01 征忠 内藤 Engine with no-reactive driving force
CN110410257B (en) * 2019-06-20 2020-09-04 高邮市环邮泵业有限公司 Water turbine convenient to install and adjust

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US1256674A (en) * 1918-01-11 1918-02-19 Hermann Foettinger Rotary gas-engine.
FR771271A (en) * 1933-04-06 1934-10-04 Turbine-like speed change transmission for automatic torque increase
GB8322367D0 (en) * 1983-08-19 1983-09-21 Secretary Trade Ind Brit Regenerative turbo-machine
JP2002195144A (en) * 2000-12-25 2002-07-10 Kubota Corp Waterwheel using pump volute casing
DE10227426C1 (en) * 2002-06-20 2003-07-31 Martin Ziegler Bladed rotor for compact flow machines has compression and induction side each with own blade set, differing from each other in geometry and number of blades
CN100491738C (en) * 2006-04-28 2009-05-27 上海凯泉泵业（集团）有限公司 Non leakage fully power closed type vertical self priming pump

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WO2011080584A4 (en) 2012-03-15
US20130156566A1 (en) 2013-06-20
WO2011080584A3 (en) 2012-01-05
CN102844526A (en) 2012-12-26
IN2012DN06680A (en) 2015-10-23
WO2011080584A2 (en) 2011-07-07
FR2954801A1 (en) 2011-07-01
CN102844526B (en) 2014-12-10

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