EP2514090A1 - Control card for the brushless direct current motor - Google Patents

Control card for the brushless direct current motor

Info

Publication number
EP2514090A1
EP2514090A1 EP10787149A EP10787149A EP2514090A1 EP 2514090 A1 EP2514090 A1 EP 2514090A1 EP 10787149 A EP10787149 A EP 10787149A EP 10787149 A EP10787149 A EP 10787149A EP 2514090 A1 EP2514090 A1 EP 2514090A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microprocessor
motor
duty cycle
control card
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10787149A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tayyar Cagdas Cirpan
Reyhan Turk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arcelik AS
Original Assignee
Arcelik AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelik AS filed Critical Arcelik AS
Publication of EP2514090A1 publication Critical patent/EP2514090A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control card that controls a brushless direct current motor used in household appliances.
  • brushless direct current motors are preferred in terms of their high efficiency and silent operation.
  • the brushless direct current motors are generally of three phase structure and are driven by the 120 degree trapezoidal wave form drive method.
  • the electronic circuit structure providing speed control of the motor is of simple configuration and lower cost, however in the transition moments referred to as commutation wherein the motor current is transferred from one phase to the other phase, oscillations occur in the electric current supplied to the motor. The oscillations in the electric current causes the moment applied by the motor to also oscillate and thus results in the increase of noise.
  • a microprocessor disposed in the motor control card compares the predetermined reference speed with the actual speed of the motor and generates PWM (pulse width modulation) signals having the suitable duty cycle in order to bring the motor speed to the reference speed, however the PWM signals cannot respond to the current oscillation during the commutation ( Figure 1 ). Decreasing the current oscillation during commutation is also possible by controlling the phase currents directly with control of the current however the current detection resistor and analog signal amplifier circuit are required in order to maintain current control. The current control furthermore brings a considerable load to the microprocessor.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the aim of the present invention is the realization of a control card that provides speed control of the brushless direct current motors used in household appliances like the dishwasher and the washing machine and decreases the motor noise.
  • the control card realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention and explicated in the claims, comprises a converter that converts AC voltage to DC voltage, a three-phase inverter which transforms the direct current received from the converter to three-phase current by means of the transistors and a microprocessor having a speed controller providing speed control of the motor by actuating the transistors in the three-phase inverter.
  • the microprocessor compares the actual speed of the motor with the predetermined reference speed depending on the data received from the sensing unit which detects the rotor position and hence the rotational speed of the rotor by means of the hall sensors or the back EMF
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the microprocessor applies at least one generated PWM by increasing the duty cycle in the commutation duration wherein the current supplied to the motor is transferred from one phase to the other in the three-phase inverter.
  • the microprocessor calculates the duty cycle of at least one PWM generated thereby by multiplying with a coefficient that is greater than one.
  • the microprocessor during the commutation, applies more than one consecutive PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle.
  • microprocessor In another embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor
  • the microprocessor applies the PWM signals generated thereby during the entire commutation by increasing the duty cycle.
  • the microprocessor applies one or more PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle only at the beginning of the commutation.
  • Figure 1 - is the schematic view of a control card.
  • Figure 2 - is the graph of the current applied to a electric motor
  • Figure 3 - is the graph of the current applied to an electric motor
  • BLDC motor (M) comprises an AC-DC converter (2) for converting the AC mains voltage to DC voltage, a three-phase inverter (3) which transforms the direct current received from the AC-DC converter (2) to three phase (A, B, C) current by means of the transistors, a sensing unit (4) that detects the rotor position and hence the speed by hall sensors or by back EMF measurement method and a microprocessor (5) that provides speed control of the motor (M) by actuating the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) with the signals received from the sensing unit (4).
  • the microprocessor (5) compares the actual speed of the motor (M) with the predetermined reference speed depending on the data received from the sensing unit (4), controls the operation of the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) by generating PWM (pulse width modulation) signals having the suitable duty cycle by means of the PI (proportional integral) algorithm included in its software and changes the speed of the motor (M) to the reference speed.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the microprocessor (5) applies at least one PWM signal generated thereby by increasing the duty cycle.
  • the microprocessor (5) calculates the duty cycle of the PWM signals
  • the microprocessor (5) generates PWM signals having suitable duty cycle by comparing the actual speed of the motor (M) with the reference speed during operation of the motor (M) and adjusts the phase currents triggered by the PWM signals to a level that will bring the motor (M) to the reference speed and the PWM duty cycle determined by the PI control algorithm is increased during the commutation (X) providing to raise the phase current rapidly while passing from one phase to the other. Consequently, the microprocessor (5) decreases the current oscillations observed during the commutation (X), the moment oscillations and hence the acoustic noise during the operation of the motor (M) are decreased as a result of decreasing the current oscillations.
  • the coefficient (K) to be multiplied with the duty cycles of the PWM signals generated by the PI algorithm in the software of the microprocessor (5) is determined according to the relation between the pole number of the motor (M), the switching frequency and the electrical time constant of the motor (M). If the operating conditions of the motor (M) changes, modifications in the software of the microprocessor (5) can be made easily, for example only the value of the K coefficient can be changed, and the noise of the motor (M) is decreased by accommodating to different operating conditions.
  • the microprocessor (5) applies more than one consecutive PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle.
  • the microprocessor (5) applies the PWM signals generated thereby during the entire commutation (X) by increasing the duty cycle.
  • the microprocessor (5) applies one or more PWM signals by increasing their duty cycles only at the beginning of the commutation (X) and applies the PWM signals with duty cycles determined by the PI control algorithm in the remaining duration of the commutation (X).
  • the signals generated by the microprocessor (5) with increased duty cycle is directly proportional to the switching frequency in the three-phase inverter (3). For example, in the case wherein the switching frequency is 5 kHz, if the number of PWM signals with its duty cycle multiplied by the coefficient K is S1 , when the switching frequency is 10 kHz, then the number of PWM signals with its duty cycle multiplied by the coefficient K becomes S2 (S2>S1).
  • the coefficient K to be multiplied for increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signals generated by the microprocessor (5) is directly proportional to the electrical time constant (L/R) of the motor (M).
  • L/R electrical time constant
  • the duty cycle of the PWM signal is applied by multiplying with a coefficient K that is for example greater than 2.
  • control card (1 ) of the present invention by protecting the known speed feedback structure, a low current oscillation and hence a low moment oscillation is attained during the commutation (X) and the noise of the motor (M) is decreased by means of only the increase made in the duty cycle of the PWM signals applied by the microprocessor (5). An additional current control element is not required for decreasing the current oscillation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a motor control card (1) used for controlling the brushless direct current (BLDC) motors, having a three-phase inverter (3) which transforms direct current received from the AC-DC converter (2) to three phase current by means of the transistors, a sensing unit (4) that detects the rotor position, a microprocessor (5) that provides speed control of the motor (M) by generating pulse width modulation PWM signals having suitable duty cycle by means of the PI algorithm included in its software. The microprocessor (5) applies a PWM signal generated thereby by increasing the duty cycle within the commutation (X) duration wherein the current applied to the motor (M) is transferred from one phase to the other phase in the three phase inverter (3), in order to reduce torque oscillations and therefore motor noise. The brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are used in household appliances like dishwashers or washing machines.

Description

Description
CONTROL CARD FOR THE BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR
[0001] The present invention relates to a control card that controls a brushless direct current motor used in household appliances.
[0002] Particularly in the pumps used for the main circulation or water discharge operations in household appliances like dishwashers and washing machines, brushless direct current motors are preferred in terms of their high efficiency and silent operation. The brushless direct current motors are generally of three phase structure and are driven by the 120 degree trapezoidal wave form drive method. In the trapezoidal drive method, the electronic circuit structure providing speed control of the motor is of simple configuration and lower cost, however in the transition moments referred to as commutation wherein the motor current is transferred from one phase to the other phase, oscillations occur in the electric current supplied to the motor. The oscillations in the electric current causes the moment applied by the motor to also oscillate and thus results in the increase of noise. Moreover, in the state of the art, a microprocessor disposed in the motor control card compares the predetermined reference speed with the actual speed of the motor and generates PWM (pulse width modulation) signals having the suitable duty cycle in order to bring the motor speed to the reference speed, however the PWM signals cannot respond to the current oscillation during the commutation (Figure 1 ). Decreasing the current oscillation during commutation is also possible by controlling the phase currents directly with control of the current however the current detection resistor and analog signal amplifier circuit are required in order to maintain current control. The current control furthermore brings a considerable load to the microprocessor.
[0003] In the state of the art International Patent Application No. WO0227912, a motor control system is explained which applies the rounding effect on square wave phase currents in order to reduce the acoustic noise generated during the commutation passages. While the electric current that drives the motor is transferred from one phase to the other, the two phases overlap by means of the phase switches which are in transmission at the same time and the oscillation of the current is decreased by providing sudden increase at the moments of commutation.
[0004] The aim of the present invention is the realization of a control card that provides speed control of the brushless direct current motors used in household appliances like the dishwasher and the washing machine and decreases the motor noise.
[0005] The control card realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention and explicated in the claims, comprises a converter that converts AC voltage to DC voltage, a three-phase inverter which transforms the direct current received from the converter to three-phase current by means of the transistors and a microprocessor having a speed controller providing speed control of the motor by actuating the transistors in the three-phase inverter. The microprocessor compares the actual speed of the motor with the predetermined reference speed depending on the data received from the sensing unit which detects the rotor position and hence the rotational speed of the rotor by means of the hall sensors or the back EMF
measurement unit, controls the operation of the transistors in the three-phase inverter and changes the speed of the motor to the reference speed by generating duty cycle pulse width modulation (PWM) signals by means of the PI algorithm included in its software.
[0006] In the embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor applies at least one generated PWM by increasing the duty cycle in the commutation duration wherein the current supplied to the motor is transferred from one phase to the other in the three-phase inverter.
[0007] During the commutation, the microprocessor calculates the duty cycle of at least one PWM generated thereby by multiplying with a coefficient that is greater than one.
[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the commutation, the microprocessor applies more than one consecutive PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle.
[0009] In another embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor
applies the PWM signals generated thereby during the entire commutation by increasing the duty cycle. [0010] In another embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor applies one or more PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle only at the beginning of the commutation.
[001 1] In another embodiment of the present invention, the number of PWM
signals generated by the microprocessor by increasing their duty cycles is directly proportional to the switching frequency in the three-phase inverter.
[0012] In another embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient that is
greater than one to be multiplied for increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signals generated by the microprocessor is directly proportional with the electrical time constant of the motor.
[0013] The control card realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention is illustrated in the attached figures, where:
[0014] Figure 1 - is the schematic view of a control card.
[0015] Figure 2 - is the graph of the current applied to a electric motor and the
PWM signals in the state of the art.
[0016] Figure 3 - is the graph of the current applied to an electric motor and the
PWM signals in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] The elements illustrated in the figures are numbered as follows:
[0018] 1 - Control card
[0019] 2 - Converter
[0020] 3 - Three-phase inverter
[0021] 4 - Sensing unit
[0022] 5 - Microprocessor
[0023] The control card (1 ) user for controlling the brushless direct current
(BLDC) motor (M) comprises an AC-DC converter (2) for converting the AC mains voltage to DC voltage, a three-phase inverter (3) which transforms the direct current received from the AC-DC converter (2) to three phase (A, B, C) current by means of the transistors, a sensing unit (4) that detects the rotor position and hence the speed by hall sensors or by back EMF measurement method and a microprocessor (5) that provides speed control of the motor (M) by actuating the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) with the signals received from the sensing unit (4).
[0024] The microprocessor (5) compares the actual speed of the motor (M) with the predetermined reference speed depending on the data received from the sensing unit (4), controls the operation of the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) by generating PWM (pulse width modulation) signals having the suitable duty cycle by means of the PI (proportional integral) algorithm included in its software and changes the speed of the motor (M) to the reference speed.
[0025] In the embodiment of the present invention, within the commutation (X) duration wherein the current applied to the motor (M) is transferred from one phase (A, B, C) to the other phase (AB, AC, BC, BA, CA, CB) in the three phase inverter (3), the microprocessor (5) applies at least one PWM signal generated thereby by increasing the duty cycle.
[0026] The microprocessor (5) calculates the duty cycle of the PWM signals
generated thereby within the commutation (X) duration by multiplying with a coefficient that is greater than one (K>1).
[0027] The microprocessor (5) generates PWM signals having suitable duty cycle by comparing the actual speed of the motor (M) with the reference speed during operation of the motor (M) and adjusts the phase currents triggered by the PWM signals to a level that will bring the motor (M) to the reference speed and the PWM duty cycle determined by the PI control algorithm is increased during the commutation (X) providing to raise the phase current rapidly while passing from one phase to the other. Consequently, the microprocessor (5) decreases the current oscillations observed during the commutation (X), the moment oscillations and hence the acoustic noise during the operation of the motor (M) are decreased as a result of decreasing the current oscillations.
[0028] The coefficient (K) to be multiplied with the duty cycles of the PWM signals generated by the PI algorithm in the software of the microprocessor (5) is determined according to the relation between the pole number of the motor (M), the switching frequency and the electrical time constant of the motor (M). If the operating conditions of the motor (M) changes, modifications in the software of the microprocessor (5) can be made easily, for example only the value of the K coefficient can be changed, and the noise of the motor (M) is decreased by accommodating to different operating conditions.
[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the commutation (X), the microprocessor (5) applies more than one consecutive PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle.
[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor (5) applies the PWM signals generated thereby during the entire commutation (X) by increasing the duty cycle.
[0031] In another embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor (5) applies one or more PWM signals by increasing their duty cycles only at the beginning of the commutation (X) and applies the PWM signals with duty cycles determined by the PI control algorithm in the remaining duration of the commutation (X).
[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the number of PWM
signals generated by the microprocessor (5) with increased duty cycle is directly proportional to the switching frequency in the three-phase inverter (3). For example, in the case wherein the switching frequency is 5 kHz, if the number of PWM signals with its duty cycle multiplied by the coefficient K is S1 , when the switching frequency is 10 kHz, then the number of PWM signals with its duty cycle multiplied by the coefficient K becomes S2 (S2>S1).
[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient K to be multiplied for increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signals generated by the microprocessor (5) is directly proportional to the electrical time constant (L/R) of the motor (M). In a motor (M) wherein the electrical time constant (L/R) is big, rapidly increasing the current with the PWM signal wherein for example the duty cycle is multiplied by a coefficient between 1 and 2 is difficult, therefore, the duty cycle of the PWM signal is applied by multiplying with a coefficient K that is for example greater than 2.
[0034] In the control card (1 ) of the present invention, by protecting the known speed feedback structure, a low current oscillation and hence a low moment oscillation is attained during the commutation (X) and the noise of the motor (M) is decreased by means of only the increase made in the duty cycle of the PWM signals applied by the microprocessor (5). An additional current control element is not required for decreasing the current oscillation.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not linnited by the embodiments disclosed above and a person skilled in the art can easily introduce different embodiments. These should be considered within the scope of the protection postulated by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

Claims
1. A control card (1 ) suitable for controlling the brushless direct current motor (M) comprising a converter (2) converting the AC voltage to DC voltage, a three-phase inverter (3) which transforms the direct current received from the converter (2) to three phase current by means of the transistors, a sensing unit (4) that detects the rotor position and a microprocessor (5) that provides speed control of the motor (M) by actuating the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) with the signals received from the sensing unit (4), which compares the actual speed of the motor (M) with the predetermined reference speed and controls the operation of the transistors in the three-phase inverter (3) by generating PWM pulse width modulation signals having suitable duty cycle by means of the PI algorithm included in its software, - characterized by the microprocessor (5) that applies at least one PWM signal generated thereby by increasing the duty cycle within the commutation (X) duration wherein the current applied to the motor (M) is transferred from one phase to the other phase in the three phase inverter (3).
2. A control card (1 ) as in Claim 1 , characterized by the microprocessor (5) that calculates the duty cycle of the PWM signals generated thereby by multiplying with a coefficient (K) that is greater than one.
3. A control card (1 ) as in Claiml or 2, characterized by the microprocessor (5) that applies more than one consecutive PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle during the commutation (X).
4. A control card (1 ) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the
microprocessor (5) that applies the PWM signals generated thereby during the entire commutation (X) by increasing the duty cycle.
5. A control card (1 ) as in any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized by the
microprocessor (5) that applies one or more PWM signals by increasing the duty cycle only at the beginning of the commutation (X).
6. A control card (1 ) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the
microprocessor (5) wherein the number of PWM signals generated thereby by increasing their duty cycles is directly proportional to the switching frequency in the three-phase inverter (3).
7. A control card (1 ) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the microprocessor (5) wherein the coefficient K to be multiplied for increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signals generated thereby is directly proportional with the electrical time constant (L/R) of the motor (M).
8. A brushless direct current motor (M) characterized by a control card (1) as in any one of the above Claims.
EP10787149A 2009-12-15 2010-12-13 Control card for the brushless direct current motor Withdrawn EP2514090A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR200909436 2009-12-15
PCT/EP2010/069484 WO2011073127A1 (en) 2009-12-15 2010-12-13 Control card for the brushless direct current motor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2514090A1 true EP2514090A1 (en) 2012-10-24

Family

ID=43501556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10787149A Withdrawn EP2514090A1 (en) 2009-12-15 2010-12-13 Control card for the brushless direct current motor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2514090A1 (en)
CN (1) CN102714476B (en)
WO (1) WO2011073127A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104767431B (en) * 2015-04-02 2018-08-28 上海晶丰明源半导体股份有限公司 A kind of control method, the device and system of the modulation of DC brushless motor pulse width
FR3055759B1 (en) * 2016-09-02 2020-10-30 Mmt ag MECHATRONIC ASSEMBLY PILOT BY A PULSE WIDTH MODULATING SIGNAL

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3239532B2 (en) * 1993-05-13 2001-12-17 株式会社日立製作所 Motor drive
US6718125B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2004-04-06 Emerson Motor Co. BLDC motor noise reduction using constant bus current control commutation
KR100457360B1 (en) * 2002-06-22 2004-11-16 한국과학기술연구원 Control system and method for reducing a commutation torque ripple of a brushless dc motor
JP2005094875A (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-04-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method and apparatus for driving brushless dc motor
CN100456622C (en) * 2005-04-05 2009-01-28 国际整流器公司 Brushless direct current motor drive circuit with modulation speed control

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011073127A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011073127A1 (en) 2011-06-23
CN102714476B (en) 2015-08-19
CN102714476A (en) 2012-10-03

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