Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
  • H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
  • H01L31/0684—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells double emitter cells, e.g. bifacial solar cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/20—Optical components
  • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells

Definitions

• the invention is in the field of energy production by means of photovoltaic cells. It is more particularly aimed at optimizing the collection of photons by such cells.
• it relates to a reflector device for photovoltaic module with bifacial cells, adapted to direct photon flux towards the rear face of said cells.
• a photovoltaic module 1 is formed of a plurality of bifacial solar cells 2 each having an active front face and an active rear face 21, capable of collecting and transforming into electrical energy. photons of incident light radiation arriving on said front and rear faces.
• These cells are spaced apart from each other within a structure 3 formed of a front plate 30 transparent to the incident radiation and located facing the front faces 20, of a rear plate 31, transparent to said radiation, and located opposite rear faces 21, and a sealing frame 32 of the assembly to improve the strength and seal the structure.
• the front plate of the structure is preferably of transparent material having a good light transmission coefficient and a shock and weather resistance.
• the cells are arranged spaced apart from each other, photons can pass through the structure via the spacings between the adjacent cells, without interacting with the cells. The collection of these lost photons to return them to the active rear faces of the cells is a solution to improve the collection, and therefore the yield of the photovoltaic module.
• a reflective plate can be placed opposite the rear faces of the cells. The surface of this reflective plate is particularly provided with reflective means such as mirrors, or refractive means such as prisms or lenses.
• the document US Pat. No. 6,410,843 proposes the use of a continuous reflecting plate, that is to say of dimensions equal to those of the rear plate of the structure, the surface of which has asperities in the form of an alternation continuous protrusions and hollows, to capture and return the lost photons towards the rear faces of the cells.
• US 5,994,641 proposes to cover the surface of the reflective plate of a textured film having reliefs arranged opposite the spacings between the adjacent cells, each relief having a different orientation depending on its position relative to the cells.
• the object of the present invention is to propose another reflective device that is free from at least one of the limitations mentioned above.
• the invention aims in particular to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic module, by proposing a solution that optimizes the collection and return of lost photons towards the active rear face of the cells.
• the invention also aims to provide a less expensive and less cumbersome solution.
• the invention relates to a reflective device for a photovoltaic module formed of a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells spaced apart from one another, each cell having an active front face and an active rear face capable of picking up incident photons of incident light rays. on said front and rear faces.
• the reflector device comprises at least one reflector module intended to be arranged under the cells substantially vertically above the spacings between the adjacent cells, the reflector module comprising: a first portion whose surfaces facing the spacing between the cells have a first curvature so as to send all or part of the incident photons towards the rear face of the cells; and
• the surfaces facing the spacing have a second curvature so as to send all or part of the incident photons towards the rear face of the cells, the second curvature being different from the first curvature.
• the device of the invention does not consist of a continuous textured surface disposed under the cells, but comprises one or more reflector modules arranged opposite the spacings between adjacent cells of the photovoltaic module.
• Each reflector module comprises a superposition of portions, each portion having a different curvature for directing all or part of the photons to the rear faces of the cells.
• the lost photons in particular coming from light rays falling at the spacings between the cells, reach at least one of the surfaces of the reflector module and are sent back towards the rear face of the cells, significantly increasing the collection of the light. active rear face of the cells, and therefore the performance of the corresponding photovoltaic module.
• the first and second curvatures are of the concave, convex or plane type.
• the first curvature is of the convex type (with respect to the direction of the incident radiation) and the second curvature is of planar type.
• the cross section of the first portion may be in hemispherical form, and that of the second portion may be in triangular form.
• the base of the first portion is preferably wider than that of the second portion so that the photons falling at the spacing between the cells, reach the first or second portions of the reflector module to be redirected to the back side cells.
• the module may, for example, be made of metal (aluminum, stainless steel), or polymer, such as PMMA.
• the surfaces of each of the first and second portions are preferably covered with a reflective or semi-reflective material.
• the reflective material may be aluminum or silver, or chromium. It is particularly interesting to obtain a reflection greater than 80% for wavelengths between 300 and 1200 nanometers.
• the reflective surfaces of the reflector module may be obtained by deposition of a layer of chromium or aluminum, this layer may then be protected by a layer transparent to incident radiation, such as a layer of silica (Si0 2 ).
• each of the first and second portions of the reflector module may also be covered with a material having a selective spectral optical behavior.
• said material may be transparent for infrared rays and reflective for other wavelengths.
• the advantage of this solution lies in the possibility of filtering certain light rays.
• a multilayer based on Ti0 2 and SiO 2 can be used .
• the surfaces of the reflector module may also be covered with a material having a bifunctional transparent-reflective behavior.
• the reflector device further comprises a support on which is reported the first portion of said reflector module, said support having at least one free zone free of reflector module, said free zone being covered with a reflective or semi-reflective material capable of returning all or part of the incident photons in the direction of the rear face of the cells and / or in the direction of at least one of the reflector modules.
• the surfaces of the reflector module may be a mirror and the areas may be covered with a diffusing material.
• the reflector device further comprises at least one spacer interposed between said reflector module support and an intermediate plate on which the rear face of the cells rests.
• said intermediate plate is made of a material transparent to all or part of the incident light rays.
• said intermediate plate may be of transparent material such as glass.
• the spacer may also be covered with a reflective material.
• the area of said support covered by the reflector module is made of a material able to let all or part of the photons of a light radiation, for example transparent or semi-transparent material.
• the reflector device comprises a plurality of reflector modules each being intended to be disposed vertically to a spacing separating adjacent cells, the reflector modules resting on said support, and two adjacent reflector modules being separated by a spacer.
• the surfaces of the reflector module can be covered with a material having a selective spectral optical behavior
• the support and the intermediate plate can be made of a transparent material such as glass
• the spacer and the free zones can be covered with a reflective film.
• each reflector module may be associated with a calorie recovery device disposed under the support, in order to heat the sanitary water or the air.
• the reflector module may be a profile intended to be placed opposite a spacing between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic cells.
• the invention also relates to a photovoltaic module formed of a structure in which a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells are spaced apart from each other, each cell having an active front face and an active rear face capable of capturing photons of incident light rays. arriving on said front and rear faces, said structure being formed of a transparent front plate facing the front faces of the cells, a transparent rear plate facing the rear faces of the cells, and a sealing frame of the front plates and back.
• the photovoltaic module according to the invention also incorporates a reflector device as described above.
• the support on which the first portion of the reflector module is based is formed by the rear plate of the structure.
• Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a photovoltaic module
• Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the photovoltaic module of Figure 1 carried along the axis AA ';
• Figure 3 is a schematic partial sectional view of the reflector device integrated in a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figure 4 is a schematic partial sectional view of the reflector device integrated with a photovoltaic module according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 5 is a partial schematic view of the front face of a photovoltaic module incorporating a reflector device according to another embodiment
• - Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of the photovoltaic module of Figure 5;
• Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of the photovoltaic module provided with a calorie recovery device according to another embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
• a photovoltaic module comprises in particular a plurality of photovoltaic cells 2 arranged spaced apart from one another in a structure 3.
• Each bifacial cell has an active front face and an active rear face 21, that is to say able to capture photons of incident light rays arriving on said front 20 and rear 21, and transforming them into electricity.
• the structure 3 is formed of a front plate 30 transparent to the incident radiation and located opposite the front faces 20, of a rear plate 31 transparent to the radiation reflected by a suitable reflector device, and located opposite the rear faces 21, and a sealing frame 32 of the assembly to improve the strength and seal the structure.
• the photovoltaic module integrates a reflector device which comprises in particular a plurality of reflector modules 4, arranged under the cells 2, and substantially vertically above the spacings 22 between the adjacent cells 2.
• Each reflector module 4 comprises a superposition of two portions 41, 42, each of the portions being able to be covered with a reflective or semi-reflecting material and having a different curvature making it possible to direct all or part of the photons towards the rear face 21 of the cells 2 .
• a reflector module 4 comprises in particular:
• this curvature may also present two centers of curvature, and
• the surfaces facing the spacing 22 have a second curvature so as to send all or part of the incident photons towards the rear face 21 of the cells 2, the second curvature being different of the first curvature.
• the first curvature may be convex type with respect to the direction of the incident flow, and the cross section of the first portion is then in the form of one or two half-spheres.
• the second curvature may be of planar type and the cross section of the second portion is triangular.
• the base of the first portion 41 is preferably wider than that of the second portion so that the photons passing through the spacing 22 reach the surfaces of the first and second portions 41, 42 of the reflector module 4 to then be redirected to the rear face 21 of the cells 2.
• each of the first and second portions of the reflector module are covered with a reflective or semi-reflective material.
• the reflective material may be aluminum, silver or chromium.
• each reflector module is in the form of a profile, and is disposed above a spacing between two adjacent rows 2a, 2b of cells 2, as shown in FIG. figure 5.
• spacers 7 may be interposed between the intermediate plate 6 and the support 5 to ensure cohesion and mechanical retention of the assembly.
• the spacers are preferably arranged facing the rear faces of the cells between two adjacent reflector modules, and covered with a reflective material. The lost photons are thus reflected on the reflector modules, but also on the spacers and the support, increasing the probability for the photons to be sent back to the rear faces of the cells.
• the mechanical support can also be provided by the reflector modules 4, the intermediate plate 6 resting on the upper portion of the second portion of said reflector modules, and then being fixed at its edges by mechanical means.
• the intermediate plate and the support are made of a transparent material such as glass, and the free zones of the support are covered with a reflective material.
• the areas on which the reflector modules are reported are transparent, thus allowing part of the light to pass through to illuminate a room.
• each reflector module it is also possible to cover the surfaces of each reflector module with a material having a selective spectral optical behavior, such as transparent for infrared and reflective for other wavelengths.
• This filtering makes it possible to associate with at least a portion of the reflector modules, heat recovery devices 8 for heating water or air.
• heat recovery devices 8 for heating water or air.
• electrochromic type material which has the two functions of transparency and reflection as a function of an applied electric current.
• the shapes of the reflector module are preferably symmetrical insofar as the device addresses at least two cells or rows of cells juxtaposed, and the geometric parameters of the reflector module depend in particular on the architecture of the photovoltaic module and in particular its size , its thickness, and the spacing between the cells.
• B is the length of the base of the reflector module
• G is the width of a cell
• C is the angle separating the concurrent planes of the upper portion or second portion of the reflector module
• - F is the radius of curvature of the first portion of the reflector module
• D is the height of the spacer or the spacing between the support and the intermediate plate.
• the particular structure of the reflector device of the invention makes it possible in particular to return more photons lost towards the rear face of the cells, and consequently to significantly increase the performance of the photovoltaic module in a simple manner, easily achievable and therefore inexpensive. It is thus possible to recover more than 90% of the incident photons.
• the solution of the invention also offers the possibility of making a versatile module that can provide both electricity and heat via a heat exchanger system.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-14 FR FR0958914A patent/FR2954000B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-12-10 KR KR1020127015159A patent/KR20120106747A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-10 WO PCT/FR2010/052664 patent/WO2011080442A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-10 EP EP10801648A patent/EP2513979A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-10 AU AU2010338108A patent/AU2010338108B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-12-10 JP JP2012542605A patent/JP5766202B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-10 BR BR112012013932A patent/BR112012013932A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-12-10 CN CN201080053586.8A patent/CN102656706B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-10 US US13/512,002 patent/US9012765B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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