EP2513975A1 - Electrical and/or electronic device having a resilient contact element - Google Patents
Electrical and/or electronic device having a resilient contact elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP2513975A1 EP2513975A1 EP10792899A EP10792899A EP2513975A1 EP 2513975 A1 EP2513975 A1 EP 2513975A1 EP 10792899 A EP10792899 A EP 10792899A EP 10792899 A EP10792899 A EP 10792899A EP 2513975 A1 EP2513975 A1 EP 2513975A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- layer
- elastic material
- layers
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 119
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrical and / or electronic devices comprising encapsulated electrical and / or electronic components.
- the invention is particularly applicable to devices comprising at least one transparent face allowing the electrical and / or electronic components to emit and / or receive a luminous flux.
- the invention is particularly suitable for photovoltaic modules comprising encapsulated photovoltaic cells.
- the invention also relates to the field of electrical and / or electronic devices comprising encapsulated optoelectronic components such as CCD (charge-coupled) type sensors, CMOS, or the field of flat screens, for example of LCD type (screen liquid crystal), plasma or LED (light-emitting diode display).
- CCD charge-coupled
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- flat screens for example of LCD type (screen liquid crystal), plasma or LED (light-emitting diode display).
- a photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer, for example made of glass, forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer, which can also be transparent and based on glass, metal or plastic, and forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.
- the photovoltaic cells are electrically connected in series with each other by front and rear electrical contact elements, called connecting conductors and formed for example by copper strips, respectively arranged against the front faces (faces facing the front face).
- photovoltaic module intended to receive the luminous flux
- rear faces facing the rear face of the photovoltaic module
- the photovoltaic module In order for the photovoltaic module to form a rigid assembly, it comprises a frame surrounding a set of laminated layers in which the photovoltaic cells are arranged.
- This assembly may comprise two layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) between which are arranged the photovoltaic cells and the cell connecting conductors, and a layer of glass superimposed on the EVA layer lying opposite the photovoltaic cells, and a layer based on glass or a composite material such as a laminate based on polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) disposed against the other layer of EVA facing the rear faces of the photovoltaic cells.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
- PVT polyethylene terephthalate
- the document WO 03/038911 A1 describes a photovoltaic module made by encapsulating the photovoltaic cells between two glass-based substrates, the photovoltaic cells being arranged in a sealed interior volume formed by depressurization between the two. glass substrates and delimited laterally by a peripheral sealing joint.
- the photovoltaic cells of such a module generally crack after the photovoltaic module has undergone a few thermal cycles.
- temperature variations for example between about -40 ° C and + 85 ° C, cause pressure variations in the interior volume where the cells are encapsulated, which result in constraints on the photovoltaic cells.
- photovoltaic modules are also found in other types of electrical and / or electronic devices, and in particular in optoelectronic devices such as imaging devices (CCD, CMOS, etc.) or electronic display type (LCD, plasma, LED, ...) comprising encapsulated components, and in which it is sought to obtain a good electrical contact with the component or components of the device despite the surface irregularities of the layers between which the component or components are encapsulated.
- An object of the present invention is to propose an electrical and / or electronic device comprising one or more encapsulated electrical and / or electronic components not having the disadvantages of the devices of the prior art, that is to say which is little costly to achieve, which does not degrade when it undergoes several cycles of temperature variations and which ensures a good electrical contact of the component or components of the device irrespective of the surface irregularities of the layers between which the component or components are encapsulated.
- an electrical device and / or electronic device comprising at least: an electrical and / or electronic component
- the electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces such that each of said two opposite faces is arranged facing each other; one of the two layers of material,
- the element or elements based on the elastic material can apply a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component generated by compression of the element or elements based on the elastic material.
- This compression is due for example to a depression in the volume in which the electrical and / or electronic component is encapsulated and / or be induced by any mechanical force applied to the front or rear face of the device.
- the element or elements based on the elastic material make it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact element (s) and the electrical and / or electronic component (s) due to the pressure applied between the or the electrical contact elements and the electrical and / or electronic component (s) by the compressed element (s) based on the elastic material, thus compensating for the variations in stress that may be experienced by the electrical and / or electronic components, for example due to possible irregularities in surface of the layers forming the front and rear faces of the device and / or pressure variations inside the device (in particular in the case of embedded modules in mobile applications or simply because of the transport of the device).
- the electrical and / or electronic component (s), or the electrical contact element (s) may more or less penetrate into the element or elements based on elastic material, this or these elements based on resilient material make it possible to compensate for any defects in flatness and / or parallelism of the two layers forming the front and rear faces of the device and between which the electrical and / or electronic components are encapsulated.
- the one or more electrical and / or electronic components are encapsulated between the layers of material forming the front and rear faces of the device.
- the term "encapsulated” means that the one or more electrical and / or electronic components are arranged in a volume, for example hermetically sealed, at least partly formed by the two layers of material. It is also proposed an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least:
- the electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces such that each of said two opposite faces is arranged facing each other; one of the two layers of material,
- a second layer based on at least one elastic material with an elastic stiffness lower than that of the elastic material of the first layer, disposed against the first layer of elastic material and between said one of the two layers of material and the contact element; electric.
- the element based on the elastic material may be further disposed between one of the two layers of material and the electrical and / or electronic component.
- the device may comprise a plurality of electrical contact elements such that each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component comprises at least one of the electrical contact elements disposed against said each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component.
- the layer of material forming the front face of the device may be transparent, the electrical and / or electronic component may be able to emit and / or receive at least one luminous flux through the front face of the device.
- transparent means that the material of the layer forming the front face of the device is at least partially transparent to visible light, allowing at least about 80% of this light to pass through.
- the element based on the elastic material may form a layer of elastic material at least partially covering one of the two layers of material.
- the device may further comprise a second layer based on at least one elastic material disposed against the other layer of elastic material and between one of the two layers of material and the electrical contact element.
- the two layers based on elastic material can cooperate with each other to ensure contact between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component by applying a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical component and / or electronic generated by a compression of the two layers based on elastic material.
- the electrical and / or electronic component may be in contact with the second layer of elastic material.
- the device may comprise:
- the device may further comprise at least one portion of at least one elastic material disposed next to the electrical contact elements, between one of the two layers of material and the electrical and / or electronic component, and against said one of the two layers of material and said electrical and / or electronic component.
- Each of the elements based on elastic material may comprise a recess in which one of the electrical contact elements is arranged, thus facilitating the positioning of the elastic material-based elements relative to the electrical contact elements.
- the element or elements based on elastic material located on the side of the front face of the device may be transparent to at least 80% at least at wavelengths between approximately 300 nm and 1200 nm, and / or the elastic material-based element (s) on the back side of the device may be at least 80% transparent at wavelengths greater than about 1200 nm and / or exhibit an optical reflection of at least 80% with respect to wavelengths between about 300 nm and 1200 nm.
- elastic material means a material having an elastic deformation in a certain range of constraints.
- the elastic material (s) may be at least based on materials chosen from polymers, silicone, rubber, polyurethane, elastomer, or a material whose creep deformation is less than about 10%, and / or further comprising an adhesive character.
- At least the electrical and / or electronic component, the electrical contact element (s), and the elastic material-based element (s) may be disposed in a depressurized hermetically sealed volume formed between said two layers of material.
- the device may comprise:
- the device can be a photovoltaic module.
- the electrical and / or electronic component may be an electronic image sensor or an electronic display element.
- a method for producing an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least the steps of:
- the element based on the elastic material can be brought into compression such that it generates a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component.
- an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least the steps of: - Realization of at least one electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces and at least one electrical contact element disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- FIG. 1 represents a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment
- FIGS. 2A to 2C show the steps of a method for producing the photovoltaic module according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. 3 to 5 represent photovoltaic modules respectively according to a second, a third and a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 6 represents an electronic device of sensor type according to a particular embodiment
- FIG. 7 represents an electronic device of the display type according to a particular embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrical device 100, here a photovoltaic module, according to a first embodiment.
- the photovoltaic module 100 comprises two layers 102 and 104, for example made of glass and forming respectively the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100.
- the photovoltaic module 100 comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected to each other by electrical contact elements.
- Each of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b comprises a first face 108a, 108b arranged facing the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 100 and a second face 110a, 110b, opposite to the first face 108a, 108b and arranged opposite the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100.
- the electrical contact elements connecting the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b to each other, and for example formed by strips based on one or more electrically conductive materials such as copper, are arranged against the front faces 108a, 108b and rear 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
- electrical contact elements 112a and 114a are respectively disposed against the front face 108a and the rear face 110a of the photovoltaic cell 106a.
- electrical contact elements 112b and 114b are respectively disposed against the front face 108b and the rear face 110b of the photovoltaic cell 106b.
- the layer 102 forming the front face of the module 100 is arranged directly against the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b lying against the front faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
- the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises elements 116a and 116b based on a resilient material disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100.
- the photovoltaic module 100 comprises also portions 118a, 118b based on an elastic material disposed between the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100.
- the portions 118a, 118b have a thickness (dimension along the y axis represented in Figure 1) greater than that of the elements 116a, 116b because these portions 118a, 118b are disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b of each of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
- each of the portions 118a, 118b is substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of one of the elastic elements 116a, 116b and of one of the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b.
- the elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b are here based on polymer, for example elastomer.
- the pressure generated by this compression makes it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b.
- the material forming the elastic elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b may be chosen such that, for a crush equal to about 50 ⁇ m, this material returns a pressure of at least 0.3 MPa, and / or such that for a crush equal to about 150 ⁇ m, this material returns a pressure less than or equal to about 1 MPa.
- the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b as well as the elastic material elements 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b are arranged in a volume sealed interior formed between the layers 102 and 104 of the photovoltaic module 100, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b thus being encapsulated between the layers 102 and 104.
- the absolute internal pressure prevailing inside this volume may be equal to or greater than about 800 mbar (ie a relative pressure equal to about -200 mbar relative to the atmospheric pressure).
- the elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b based on the elastic material also make it possible to compensate for flatness defects of the layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the module photovoltaic 100, and thus to obtain a good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the faces 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b on the side of the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100, and between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b located on the front side of the photovoltaic module 100.
- This compensation makes it possible, especially when the temperature at which the photovoltaic module 100 is located varies, varying the pressure inside the sealed volume in which the elements of the module 100 are located, to always have an electrical contact between the elements of the module. electrical contact 114a, 114b and the faces 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b. In addition, this compensation also makes it possible to prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after the module 100 has undergone several thermal cycles.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C show the steps of a method for producing the photovoltaic module 100.
- the elements 116a, 116b and the polymer-based portions 118a, 118b are firstly produced, for example using dispensing nozzles or by screen printing, on the layer 104 intended to form the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 100.
- the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b are produced and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b are formed against the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b in a conventional manner.
- the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b are then arranged against the elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b based on elastic material (FIG. 2B).
- the photovoltaic module 100 is closed by placing the glass layer 102, forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 100, against the electrical contacts 112a, 112b.
- the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and their electrical contacts 114a, 114b are pressed against the elements and portions of elastomer 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b and sink more or less into these elements and portions of elastomer 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b according to variations and / or flatness and / or parallelism between the two layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100.
- the photovoltaic module 100 is closed in a depressurized environment.
- the value of the depression depends on the temperature at which this closure is made: the pressure is for example less than or equal to about -300 mbar (relative value with respect to the atmospheric pressure) when the temperature is equal to about 20 ° C, or less than or equal to about -100 mbar (relative to atmospheric pressure) when the temperature is about 90 ° C.
- This depression makes it possible to straighten the elements of the photovoltaic module 100 and to avoid any risk of bending (bending) at the layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100 (curved layers towards the outside of the module 100) when they are exposed to high temperatures or low pressures (eg when the module is placed at high altitudes).
- This distance D is for example calculated such that:
- Econtact thickness of one of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b;
- Eceiiuie thickness of one of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b;
- the elastomer has the thickness of one of the elastomer portions 118a, 118b;
- planarity defects of the glass layers 102, 104 (generally at most equal to about 100 ⁇ m).
- This distance D can also be written in the form:
- Respecting this distance D makes it possible to guarantee good electrical contact on all the photovoltaic cells after depressurization in the photovoltaic module 100.
- FIG. 3 shows a photovoltaic module 200 according to a second embodiment.
- the photovoltaic module 200 comprises the two glass layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 200, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, the elements of the photovoltaic module. electrical contact 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b, as well as the portions of elastic material 118a, 118b.
- the photovoltaic module 200 also comprises elements 202a, 202b based on an elastic material, for example elastomer, disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 200.
- an elastic material for example elastomer
- These elements 202a, 202b have a role identical to the elements 116a, 116b of the photovoltaic module 100, namely to ensure a good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, to compensate for the flatness defects of the layers. 102 and 104 and thus avoid the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles.
- the characteristics of the material on which the elements 202a and 202b are made may be similar to those of the material on which the elements 116a, 116b are made.
- the elements 202a, 202b here have a shape of "U", that is to say each comprise a recess in which is disposed one of the contact elements 112a, 112b.
- the photovoltaic module 200 comprises second elements 204a, 204b based on elastic material, for example similar to the elements 202a, 202b, arranged between each of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 200.
- these elements 204a, 204b each comprise a recess in which is disposed one of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, to facilitate the positioning of these elements relative to the elements. electrical contact 112a, 112b.
- These elements 204a, 204b cooperate with the other elements 202a, 202b based on elastic material to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, compensating for flatness defects.
- layers 102, 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 200 and thus prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles experienced by the photovoltaic module 200.
- the method used to produce the photovoltaic module 200 is substantially similar to the method for producing the photovoltaic module 100 previously described, except that the elements 204a, 204b based on an elastic material are previously made against the layer 102 intended to form the front face of the photovoltaic module 200.
- the photovoltaic module 200 is then closed by placing the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b in the recesses of the elastic elements 202a, 202b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b in the recesses of the elastic elements 204a, 204b.
- the photovoltaic module 200 it is possible to have portions based on elastic material, similar to the portions 118a, 118b, above the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, that is to say between the cells photovoltaic 106a, 106b and the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 200, between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b of each of the cells 106a, 106b.
- FIG. 4 shows a photovoltaic module 300 according to a third embodiment.
- the photovoltaic module 300 comprises the two glass layers 102 and 104, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b.
- the photovoltaic module 300 also comprises a layer 302 based on an elastic material for example similar to the material forming the elements 116a, 116a, 202a, 202b, 204a, 204b and / or the portions 118a, 118b of the photovoltaic modules 100 and 200.
- This layer 302 covers the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 300.
- the photovoltaic module 300 also comprises a second layer 304 based on elastic material disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the first elastic layer 302.
- these layers 302 and 304 make it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a. , 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, to compensate for the flatness defects of the layers 102, 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 300 and thus to prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles undergone by the photovoltaic module 200.
- the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b are driven into the second elastic layer 304 such that the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b also rest on the second elastic layer 304
- the second elastic layer 304 thus supports the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and makes it possible to attenuate the effects of deformation. n by bending the cells 106a, 106b which could appear during the thermal cycles that the photovoltaic module 300 undergoes.
- the material of the layer 302 may have an elastic stiffness sufficient to provide the electrical contacts. This elastic stiffness can it should also be greater than that of the material of the layer 304, which makes it possible to limit the buckling of the cells 106a, 106b.
- the material of the second layer 304 is chosen sufficiently electrically insulating (electrical resistivity for example greater than about 2 E 15 Q.cm) in order not to short circuit the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b to each other.
- the elastic material or materials used to produce the layers 302 and 304 may be of the silicone elastomer gel type, EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer) rubber, polyurethane rubber, or an elastomer foam of any sufficiently flexible and viscoelastic polymer type, that is to say having for example a deformation of the order of a millimeter when the photovoltaic module 300 undergoes a temperature variation between about -40 ° C and + 90 ° C.
- EPDM Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer
- the layers 302 and 304 may be in the form of prefabricated elastic films stacked on the layer 104 or be made by direct viscous phase deposits on the layer 104 by a large surface deposition process, for example by scraping without a mask (process "Doctor blade”).
- FIG. 5 shows a photovoltaic module 400 according to a fourth embodiment.
- the photovoltaic module 400 comprises a single layer 402 based on elastic material disposed on the layer 104 forming the rear face of the module 400 and on which rests the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b.
- the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b form recesses 404a, 404b in the layer 402.
- the material from which the layer 402 is made may be similar to the material of the previously described layers 302 and 304, and in particular be sufficiently electrically insulating so as not to short-circuit the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b with each other.
- the layer 402 can be made by implementing techniques similar to those described above for producing the layer 302.
- this fourth embodiment it is possible to make the layer 402 independently of the support formed by the layer 104, in the form of a film.
- this film can be applied to the support only at the time of assembly of the module 400.
- the thicknesses of the elements based on elastic material are adapted as a function of the rheological characteristics of the elastic materials used.
- the elements 116a, 116b of the photovoltaic module 100 and the elements 202a, 202b of the photovoltaic module 200 are made of silicone gel of Shore 00 hardness equal to about 45, these elements may have a thickness equal to about 0, 5 mm.
- the layer 302 may be a film based on TPU (tetra polyurethane) of Shore 00 hardness equal to about 80 and of a thickness equal to about 0.5 mm and the second layer 304 may be based on an EPDM rubber Shore 00 hardness equal to about 45 and thickness equal to about 0.2 mm.
- the layer 402 may be a TPU film having a Shore 00 hardness of about 45 and a thickness of about 45.
- the elastic materials used have an adhesive nature in order to improve the assembly of the elements of the photovoltaic modules 100 to 400, especially between the elastic materials and the electrical contact elements.
- the elastic elements that are on the front side of the photovoltaic module from materials. transparent at least at wavelengths between about 300 nm and 1200 nm.
- the elastic elements present on the front face of the photovoltaic module do not prevent the light rays passing through the front face of the photovoltaic module from reaching the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
- the light absorption of the photovoltaic cells is then substantially similar to a photovoltaic module having no elastic elements at the front face of the photovoltaic module.
- the elastic elements on the back side of the photovoltaic module can be made from transparent materials with wavelengths greater than about 1200 nm and / or having optical reflection with respect to wavelengths. between about 300 nm and 1200 nm. Thus, the light rays reaching these elements without being absorbed by the cells can be reflected to the photovoltaic cells of the module, thus improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the module.
- the technical effects obtained by using one or more elastic material-based elements previously described for photovoltaic modules can also be applied to other types of electrical and / or electronic device comprising electrical components and / or encapsulated between two layers forming the front and rear faces of the device, especially when the components are components optical components such as CCD, CMOS, or when the device is a flat screen, for example LCD, plasma or LED.
- FIG. 500 An example of such a CCD / CMOS sensor type device 500 is shown in FIG.
- the device 500 comprises a sensor 502 encapsulated between a layer 504 forming the front face of the device 500 and a layer 506 forming the rear face of the device 500.
- the sensor 502 is electrically connected to planar-plate-type electrical contacts 508 disposed between the upper layer 504 and the sensor 502 at the periphery of the sensor 502.
- the device 500 also comprises a element 510 made from a material elastic member disposed between the sensor 502 and the lower layer 506, forming an elastic layer supporting the sensor 502 while ensuring a good electrical contact between the sensor 502 and the contacts 508.
- this layer 510 also makes it possible to compensate for the flatness and / or parallelism defects of the layers 504 and 506 of the device 500.
- FIG. 600 Another device 600 of the LED display type is shown in FIG.
- This device 600 comprises a plurality of
- LEDs 602 arranged and encapsulated between an upper layer 604 forming the front face of the device 600 and a lower layer 606 forming the rear face of the device 600.
- Each LED 602 is electrically connected to an electrical contact 608, each electrical contact 608 being in contact with a connection element 610, for example a printed circuit.
- the electrical contact between the LEDs 602 and the printed circuit board 610 via the electrical contacts 608 is obtained by a pressure between these elements.
- the device 600 comprises an element 612 based on a resilient material, forming a layer, disposed between the LEDs 602 and the upper layer 604 which provides this electrical contact by a pressure between the LEDs 602 and the printed circuit 610 by via the electrical contacts 608 generated by the compression of this element 612 obtained after having placed the upper layer 604 on the LEDs 602 and closed the device 600.
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrical and/or electronic device (300) comprising: an electrical and/or electronic component (106a, 106b); two layers (102, 104) of material forming front and rear surfaces of the device, the component being encapsulated therebetween and moreover comprising at least two opposite surfaces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) that are placed facing both layers of material; an electrical contact element (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) that is placed against one of the surfaces of the electrical and/or electronic component; and an element (302) that is made of a resilient material and placed between one of the two layers of material and the electrical contact element, thus forming a first layer of resilient material that covers said one of the two layers of material and a second layer (304) that is made of a resilient material having a stiffness less than that of the resilient material of the first layer, said second layer moreover being placed against the first layer of resilient material.
Description
DISPOSITIF ELECTRIQUE ET/OU ELECTRONIQUE A ELEMENT ELASTIQUE DE CONTACT ELECTRICAL AND / OR ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH CONTACT ELASTIC ELEMENT
DESCRIPTION DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL FIELD
L' invention concerne le domaine des dispositifs électriques et/ou électroniques comportant des composants électriques et/ou électroniques encapsulés. L'invention s'applique particulièrement à des dispositifs comportant au moins une face transparente permettant aux composants électriques et/ou électroniques d'émettre et/ou de recevoir un flux lumineux . The invention relates to the field of electrical and / or electronic devices comprising encapsulated electrical and / or electronic components. The invention is particularly applicable to devices comprising at least one transparent face allowing the electrical and / or electronic components to emit and / or receive a luminous flux.
L' invention est particulièrement adaptée aux modules photovoltaïques comportant des cellules photovoltaïques encapsulées. The invention is particularly suitable for photovoltaic modules comprising encapsulated photovoltaic cells.
L' invention concerne également le domaine des dispositifs électriques et/ou électroniques comportant des composants optoélectroniques encapsulés tels que des capteurs de type CCD (à couplage de charge), CMOS, ou encore le domaine des écrans plats, par exemple de type LCD (écran à cristaux liquides) , plasma ou LED (écran à diodes électroluminescentes) . The invention also relates to the field of electrical and / or electronic devices comprising encapsulated optoelectronic components such as CCD (charge-coupled) type sensors, CMOS, or the field of flat screens, for example of LCD type (screen liquid crystal), plasma or LED (light-emitting diode display).
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE Un module photovoltaïque est un assemblage de cellules photovoltaïques disposées côte à côte entre une première couche transparente, par exemple à base de verre, formant une face avant du module photovoltaïque et une seconde couche, pouvant elle aussi être
transparente et à base de verre, de métal ou de plastique, et formant une face arrière du module photovoltaïque . STATE OF THE PRIOR ART A photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer, for example made of glass, forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer, which can also be transparent and based on glass, metal or plastic, and forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.
Les cellules photovoltaïques sont reliées électriquement en série entre elles par des éléments de contact électrique avant et arrière, appelés conducteurs de liaison et formés par exemple par des bandes de cuivre, respectivement disposées contre les faces avant (faces se trouvant en regard de la face avant du module photovoltaïque destinée à recevoir les flux lumineux) et arrière (faces se trouvant en regard de la face arrière du module photovoltaïque) de chacune des cellules photovoltaïques. The photovoltaic cells are electrically connected in series with each other by front and rear electrical contact elements, called connecting conductors and formed for example by copper strips, respectively arranged against the front faces (faces facing the front face). photovoltaic module intended to receive the luminous flux) and rear (faces facing the rear face of the photovoltaic module) of each of the photovoltaic cells.
Afin que le module photovoltaïque forme un ensemble rigide, celui-ci comporte un cadre entourant un ensemble de couches laminées dans lesquelles les cellules photovoltaïques sont disposées. In order for the photovoltaic module to form a rigid assembly, it comprises a frame surrounding a set of laminated layers in which the photovoltaic cells are arranged.
Cet ensemble peut comporter deux couches d' éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA) entre lesquelles sont disposés les cellules photovoltaïques et les conducteurs de liaison des cellules, ainsi qu'une couche de verre superposée sur la couche d'EVA se trouvant en regard des faces avant des cellules photovoltaïques, et une couche à base de verre ou d'un matériau composite tel qu'un laminé à base de polyfluorure de vinyle (PVF) ou de polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET) disposée contre l'autre couche d'EVA se trouvant en regard des faces arrière des cellules photovoltaïques . This assembly may comprise two layers of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) between which are arranged the photovoltaic cells and the cell connecting conductors, and a layer of glass superimposed on the EVA layer lying opposite the photovoltaic cells, and a layer based on glass or a composite material such as a laminate based on polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) disposed against the other layer of EVA facing the rear faces of the photovoltaic cells.
Cette encapsulation des cellules photovoltaïques pour former le module photovoltaïque a
toutefois pour inconvénient majeur d'être coûteuse, les techniques mises en œuvre pour réaliser cette encapsulation représentant environ 30% du coût total du module photovoltaïque . This encapsulation of photovoltaic cells to form the photovoltaic module has however, for major disadvantage of being expensive, the techniques implemented to achieve this encapsulation representing approximately 30% of the total cost of the photovoltaic module.
Afin de réduire le coût de cette encapsulation, le document WO 03/038911 Al décrit un module photovoltaïque réalisé en encapsulant les cellules photovoltaïques entre deux substrats à base de verre, les cellules photovoltaïques étant disposées dans un volume intérieur étanche formé par dépressurisation entre les deux substrats de verre et délimité latéralement par un joint de scellement périphérique . In order to reduce the cost of this encapsulation, the document WO 03/038911 A1 describes a photovoltaic module made by encapsulating the photovoltaic cells between two glass-based substrates, the photovoltaic cells being arranged in a sealed interior volume formed by depressurization between the two. glass substrates and delimited laterally by a peripheral sealing joint.
Bien que réduisant le coût lié à 1 ' encapsulation, les cellules photovoltaïques d'un tel module se fissurent généralement après que le module photovoltaïque a subi quelques cycles thermiques. Although reducing the cost of encapsulation, the photovoltaic cells of such a module generally crack after the photovoltaic module has undergone a few thermal cycles.
En effet, des variations de température, par exemple comprises entre environ -40°C et +85°C, engendrent des variations de pression dans le volume intérieur où les cellules sont encapsulées, qui se traduisent par des contraintes sur les cellules photovoltaïques . Indeed, temperature variations, for example between about -40 ° C and + 85 ° C, cause pressure variations in the interior volume where the cells are encapsulated, which result in constraints on the photovoltaic cells.
Ces contraintes sont d' autant plus importantes que les irrégularités des surfaces (celles des substrats de verre) à l'intérieur du volume sont importantes. Or, de telles fissures dans une cellule photovoltaïque peuvent, dès leur formation ou plus tard au cours de la vie de la cellule, séparer et isoler une partie de la cellule vis-à-vis des contacts électriques
de la cellule, pouvant entraîner une perte d'une partie de l'électricité produite par la cellule. These constraints are all the more important as the irregularities of the surfaces (those of the glass substrates) inside the volume are important. However, such cracks in a photovoltaic cell can, as soon as they are formed or later during the life of the cell, separate and isolate a part of the cell with respect to the electrical contacts. of the cell, which can lead to a loss of some of the electricity produced by the cell.
Les problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus pour les modules photovoltaïques se retrouvent également dans d'autres types de dispositifs électriques et/ou électroniques, et notamment dans des dispositifs optoélectroniques tels que des dispositifs imageurs (CCD, CMOS, ...) ou des dispositifs de type afficheur électronique (LCD, plasma, LED, ...) comportant des composants encapsulés, et dans lesquels on cherche à obtenir un bon contact électrique avec le ou les composants du dispositif malgré les irrégularités de surface des couches entre lesquelles le ou les composants sont encapsulés. EXPOSÉ DE L' INVENTION The problems mentioned above for photovoltaic modules are also found in other types of electrical and / or electronic devices, and in particular in optoelectronic devices such as imaging devices (CCD, CMOS, etc.) or electronic display type (LCD, plasma, LED, ...) comprising encapsulated components, and in which it is sought to obtain a good electrical contact with the component or components of the device despite the surface irregularities of the layers between which the component or components are encapsulated. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant un ou plusieurs composants électriques et/ou électroniques encapsulés ne présentant pas les inconvénients des dispositifs de l'art antérieur, c'est-à-dire qui soit peu coûteux à réaliser, qui ne se dégrade pas lorsqu' il subit plusieurs cycles de variations en température et qui permet d'assurer un bon contact électrique du ou des composants du dispositif quelles que soient les irrégularités de surface des couches entre lesquelles le ou les composants sont encapsulés. An object of the present invention is to propose an electrical and / or electronic device comprising one or more encapsulated electrical and / or electronic components not having the disadvantages of the devices of the prior art, that is to say which is little costly to achieve, which does not degrade when it undergoes several cycles of temperature variations and which ensures a good electrical contact of the component or components of the device irrespective of the surface irregularities of the layers between which the component or components are encapsulated.
Pour cela, il est proposé un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins :
- un composant électrique et/ou électronique, For this, it is proposed an electrical device and / or electronic device comprising at least: an electrical and / or electronic component,
- deux couches de matériau formant des faces avant et arrière du dispositif et entre lesquelles le composant électrique et/ou électronique est encapsulé, le composant électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins deux faces opposées telles que chacune desdites deux faces opposées soit disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau, two layers of material forming front and rear faces of the device and between which the electrical and / or electronic component is encapsulated, the electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces such that each of said two opposite faces is arranged facing each other; one of the two layers of material,
- un élément de contact électrique disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, an electrical contact element disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- un élément à base d'au moins un matériau élastique disposé entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique. - An element based on at least one elastic material disposed between one of the two layers of material and the electrical contact element.
Le ou les éléments à base du matériau élastique peuvent appliquer une pression entre l'élément de contact électrique et le composant électrique et/ou électronique générée par une compression du ou des éléments à base du matériau élastique. Cette compression est due par exemple à une dépression régnant dans le volume dans lequel le composant électrique et/ou électronique est encapsulé et/ou être induite par un quelconque effort mécanique appliqué sur la face avant ou la face arrière du dispositif . The element or elements based on the elastic material can apply a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component generated by compression of the element or elements based on the elastic material. This compression is due for example to a depression in the volume in which the electrical and / or electronic component is encapsulated and / or be induced by any mechanical force applied to the front or rear face of the device.
Le ou les éléments à base du matériau élastique permettent d'assurer un bon contact électrique entre le ou les éléments de contact électrique et le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques grâce à la pression appliquée entre le ou
les éléments de contact électrique et le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques par le ou les éléments comprimés à base du matériau élastique, compensant ainsi les variations de contraintes que peuvent subir les composants électriques et/ou électroniques par exemple dues aux éventuelles irrégularités de surface des couches formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif et/ou aux variations de pression à l'intérieur du dispositif (en particulier dans le cas de modules embarqués dans des applications mobiles ou simplement du fait du transport du dispositif) . The element or elements based on the elastic material make it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact element (s) and the electrical and / or electronic component (s) due to the pressure applied between the or the electrical contact elements and the electrical and / or electronic component (s) by the compressed element (s) based on the elastic material, thus compensating for the variations in stress that may be experienced by the electrical and / or electronic components, for example due to possible irregularities in surface of the layers forming the front and rear faces of the device and / or pressure variations inside the device (in particular in the case of embedded modules in mobile applications or simply because of the transport of the device).
De plus, étant donné que le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques, ou le ou les éléments de contact électrique, peuvent s'enfoncer plus ou moins dans le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique, ce ou ces éléments à base de matériau élastique permettent de compenser les éventuels défauts de planéité et/ou de parallélisme des deux couches formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif et entre lesquelles le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques sont encapsulés. In addition, since the electrical and / or electronic component (s), or the electrical contact element (s), may more or less penetrate into the element or elements based on elastic material, this or these elements based on resilient material make it possible to compensate for any defects in flatness and / or parallelism of the two layers forming the front and rear faces of the device and between which the electrical and / or electronic components are encapsulated.
Dans l'invention, le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques sont encapsulés entre les couches de matériau formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif. Le terme « encapsulés » signifie que le ou les composants électriques et/ou électroniques sont disposés dans un volume, par exemple hermétiquement clos, au moins en partie formé par les deux couches de matériau.
Il est également proposé un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins : In the invention, the one or more electrical and / or electronic components are encapsulated between the layers of material forming the front and rear faces of the device. The term "encapsulated" means that the one or more electrical and / or electronic components are arranged in a volume, for example hermetically sealed, at least partly formed by the two layers of material. It is also proposed an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least:
- un composant électrique et/ou électronique, an electrical and / or electronic component,
- deux couches de matériau formant des faces avant et arrière du dispositif et entre lesquelles le composant électrique et/ou électronique est encapsulé, le composant électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins deux faces opposées telles que chacune desdites deux faces opposées soit disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau, two layers of material forming front and rear faces of the device and between which the electrical and / or electronic component is encapsulated, the electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces such that each of said two opposite faces is arranged facing each other; one of the two layers of material,
- un élément de contact électrique disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, an electrical contact element disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- un élément à base d'au moins un matériau élastique disposé entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique, formant une première couche de matériau élastique recouvrant au moins partiellement ladite une des deux couches de matériau, an element based on at least one elastic material disposed between one of the two material layers and the electrical contact element, forming a first layer of elastic material at least partially covering said one of the two layers of material,
- une seconde couche à base d' au moins un matériau élastique de raideur élastique inférieure à celle du matériau élastique de la première couche, disposée contre la première couche de matériau élastique et entre ladite une des deux couches de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique. a second layer based on at least one elastic material with an elastic stiffness lower than that of the elastic material of the first layer, disposed against the first layer of elastic material and between said one of the two layers of material and the contact element; electric.
L'élément à base du matériau élastique peut être disposé en outre entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et le composant électrique et/ou électronique. The element based on the elastic material may be further disposed between one of the two layers of material and the electrical and / or electronic component.
Le dispositif peut comporter une pluralité d'éléments de contact électrique tels que chacune des
deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique comporte au moins un des éléments de contact électrique disposé contre ladite chacune des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique. The device may comprise a plurality of electrical contact elements such that each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component comprises at least one of the electrical contact elements disposed against said each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component.
La couche de matériau formant la face avant du dispositif peut être transparente, le composant électrique et/ou électronique pouvant être apte à émettre et/ou recevoir au moins un flux lumineux à travers la face avant du dispositif. The layer of material forming the front face of the device may be transparent, the electrical and / or electronic component may be able to emit and / or receive at least one luminous flux through the front face of the device.
Le terme « transparent » signifie que le matériau de la couche formant la face avant du dispositif est au moins partiellement transparent à la lumière visible, laissant passer au moins environ 80% de cette lumière. The term "transparent" means that the material of the layer forming the front face of the device is at least partially transparent to visible light, allowing at least about 80% of this light to pass through.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'élément à base du matériau élastique peut former une couche de matériau élastique recouvrant au moins partiellement l'une des deux couches de matériau. In a particular embodiment, the element based on the elastic material may form a layer of elastic material at least partially covering one of the two layers of material.
Dans ce cas, le dispositif peut comporter en outre une seconde couche à base d' au moins un matériau élastique disposée contre l'autre couche de matériau élastique et entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique. In this case, the device may further comprise a second layer based on at least one elastic material disposed against the other layer of elastic material and between one of the two layers of material and the electrical contact element.
Dans ce cas, les deux couches à base de matériau élastique peuvent coopérer l'une avec l'autre pour assurer le contact entre l'élément de contact électrique et le composant électrique et/ou électronique par l'application d'une pression entre l'élément de contact électrique et le composant électrique et/ou
électronique générée par une compression des deux couches à base de matériau élastique. In this case, the two layers based on elastic material can cooperate with each other to ensure contact between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component by applying a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical component and / or electronic generated by a compression of the two layers based on elastic material.
Le composant électrique et/ou électronique peut être en contact avec la seconde couche de matériau élastique. The electrical and / or electronic component may be in contact with the second layer of elastic material.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif peut comporter : In another embodiment, the device may comprise:
- une pluralité d'éléments de contact électrique disposés contre au moins une des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, a plurality of electrical contact elements disposed against at least one of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- une pluralité d'éléments à base de matériau élastique disposés entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et lesdits éléments de contact électrique . a plurality of elements based on elastic material disposed between one of the two layers of material and said electrical contact elements.
Dans ce cas, le dispositif peut comporter en outre au moins une portion d' au moins un matériau élastique disposée à côté des éléments de contact électrique, entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et le composant électrique et/ou électronique, et contre ladite une des deux couches de matériau et ledit composant électrique et/ou électronique. In this case, the device may further comprise at least one portion of at least one elastic material disposed next to the electrical contact elements, between one of the two layers of material and the electrical and / or electronic component, and against said one of the two layers of material and said electrical and / or electronic component.
Chacun des éléments à base de matériau élastique peut comporter un creux dans lequel un des éléments de contact électrique est disposé, facilitant ainsi le positionnement des éléments à base de matériau élastique par rapport aux éléments de contact électrique . Each of the elements based on elastic material may comprise a recess in which one of the electrical contact elements is arranged, thus facilitating the positioning of the elastic material-based elements relative to the electrical contact elements.
Le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique se trouvant du côté de la face avant du dispositif peuvent être transparents à au moins 80 % au moins aux longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ
300 nm et 1200 nm, et/ou le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique se trouvant du côté de la face arrière du dispositif peuvent être transparents à au moins 80 % aux longueurs d'ondes supérieures à environ 1200 nm et/ou présenter une réflexion optique à au moins 80 % vis-à-vis des longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ 300 nm et 1200 nm. The element or elements based on elastic material located on the side of the front face of the device may be transparent to at least 80% at least at wavelengths between approximately 300 nm and 1200 nm, and / or the elastic material-based element (s) on the back side of the device may be at least 80% transparent at wavelengths greater than about 1200 nm and / or exhibit an optical reflection of at least 80% with respect to wavelengths between about 300 nm and 1200 nm.
On entend par « matériau élastique » un matériau présentant une déformation élastique dans une certaine gamme de contraintes. The term "elastic material" means a material having an elastic deformation in a certain range of constraints.
Le ou les matériaux élastiques peuvent être au moins à base de matériaux choisis parmi des polymères, du silicone, du caoutchouc, du polyuréthane, de l' élastomère, ou d'un matériau dont la déformation au fluage est inférieure à environ 10 % , et/ou comportant en outre un caractère adhésif. The elastic material (s) may be at least based on materials chosen from polymers, silicone, rubber, polyurethane, elastomer, or a material whose creep deformation is less than about 10%, and / or further comprising an adhesive character.
Au moins le composant électrique et/ou électronique, le ou les éléments de contact électrique, et le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique peuvent être disposés dans un volume hermétiquement clos dépressurisé formé entre lesdites deux couches de matériau . At least the electrical and / or electronic component, the electrical contact element (s), and the elastic material-based element (s) may be disposed in a depressurized hermetically sealed volume formed between said two layers of material.
Le dispositif peut comporter : The device may comprise:
- une pluralité de composants électriques et/ou électroniques qui sont des cellules photovoltaïques , a plurality of electrical and / or electronic components which are photovoltaic cells,
- une pluralité d'éléments de contact électrique comportant des bandes de matériau électriquement conducteur disposées contre les cellules photovoltaïques et reliant les cellules photovoltaïques
électriquement entre elles, le dispositif pouvant être un module photovoltaïque . a plurality of electrical contact elements comprising strips of electrically conductive material arranged against the photovoltaic cells and connecting the photovoltaic cells electrically between them, the device can be a photovoltaic module.
Le composant électrique et/ou électronique peut être un capteur électronique d' images ou un élément d'affichage électronique. The electrical and / or electronic component may be an electronic image sensor or an electronic display element.
On décrit également un procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins les étapes de : A method for producing an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least the steps of:
- réalisation d'au moins un composant électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins deux faces opposées et d' au moins un élément de contact électrique disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, - Realization of at least one electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces and at least one electrical contact element disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- réalisation d'au moins un élément à base d' au moins un matériau élastique contre une couche de matériau destinée à former une face avant ou arrière du dispositif, - Realization of at least one element based on at least one elastic material against a layer of material intended to form a front or rear face of the device,
- encapsulation du composant électrique et/ou électronique entre deux couches de matériau formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif, chacune des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique étant disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau. encapsulation of the electrical and / or electronic component between two layers of material forming the front and rear faces of the device, each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component being arranged facing one of the two layers of material.
L'élément à base du matériau élastique peut être mis en compression tel qu' il génère une pression entre l'élément de contact électrique et le composant électrique et/ou électronique. The element based on the elastic material can be brought into compression such that it generates a pressure between the electrical contact element and the electrical and / or electronic component.
Il est également proposé un procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins les étapes de :
- réalisation d'au moins un composant électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins deux faces opposées et d' au moins un élément de contact électrique disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, It is also proposed a method of producing an electrical and / or electronic device comprising at least the steps of: - Realization of at least one electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two opposite faces and at least one electrical contact element disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- réalisation d'au moins un élément à base d' au moins un matériau élastique contre une couche de matériau destinée à former une face avant ou arrière du dispositif, formant une première couche de matériau élastique recouvrant au moins partiellement ladite couche de matériau, et d'au moins une seconde couche à base d' au moins un matériau élastique de raideur élastique inférieure à celle du matériau élastique de la première couche, disposée contre la première couche de matériau élastique, - Making at least one element based on at least one elastic material against a layer of material intended to form a front or rear face of the device, forming a first layer of elastic material at least partially covering said layer of material, and at least one second layer based on at least one elastic material of elastic stiffness lower than that of the elastic material of the first layer, disposed against the first layer of elastic material,
- encapsulation du composant électrique et/ou électronique entre deux couches de matériau formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif, chacune des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique étant disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau. encapsulation of the electrical and / or electronic component between two layers of material forming the front and rear faces of the device, each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component being arranged facing one of the two layers of material.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre purement indicatif et nullement limitatif en faisant référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The present invention will be better understood on reading the description of exemplary embodiments given purely by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente un module photovoltaïque selon un premier mode de réalisation,
- les figures 2A à 2C représentent les étapes d'un procédé de réalisation du module photovoltaïque selon le premier mode de réalisation, FIG. 1 represents a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment, FIGS. 2A to 2C show the steps of a method for producing the photovoltaic module according to the first embodiment,
- les figures 3 à 5 représentent des modules photovoltaïques respectivement selon un second, un troisième et un quatrième mode de réalisation, FIGS. 3 to 5 represent photovoltaic modules respectively according to a second, a third and a fourth embodiment,
- la figure 6 représente un dispositif électronique de type capteur selon un mode de réalisation particulier, FIG. 6 represents an electronic device of sensor type according to a particular embodiment,
- la figure 7 représente un dispositif électronique de type afficheur selon un mode de réalisation particulier. FIG. 7 represents an electronic device of the display type according to a particular embodiment.
Des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures décrites ci-après portent les mêmes références numériques de façon à faciliter le passage d'une figure à l'autre. Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures described below bear the same numerical references so as to facilitate the passage from one figure to another.
Les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles. The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily in a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.
Les différentes possibilités (variantes et modes de réalisation) doivent être comprises comme n'étant pas exclusives les unes des autres et peuvent se combiner entre elles. EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERS The different possibilities (variants and embodiments) must be understood as not being exclusive of each other and can be combined with one another. DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
On se réfère tout d' abord à la figure 1 qui représente un dispositif électrique 100, ici un module photovoltaïque, selon un premier mode de réalisation. Referring firstly to Figure 1 which shows an electrical device 100, here a photovoltaic module, according to a first embodiment.
Le module photovoltaïque 100 comporte deux couches 102 et 104, par exemple à base de verre et
formant respectivement les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 100. The photovoltaic module 100 comprises two layers 102 and 104, for example made of glass and forming respectively the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100.
Le module photovoltaïque 100 comporte une pluralité de cellules photovoltaïques reliées électriquement entre elles par des éléments de contact électrique . The photovoltaic module 100 comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected to each other by electrical contact elements.
Sur la figure 1, seules deux cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b sont représentées. Chacune des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b comporte une première face 108a, 108b disposée en regard de la couche 102 formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque 100 et une seconde face 110a, 110b, opposée à la première face 108a, 108b et disposée en regard de la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 100. In Figure 1, only two photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b are shown. Each of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b comprises a first face 108a, 108b arranged facing the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 100 and a second face 110a, 110b, opposite to the first face 108a, 108b and arranged opposite the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100.
Les éléments de contact électrique reliant les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b entre elles, et par exemple formés par des bandes à base d'un ou plusieurs matériaux électriquement conducteur tel que du cuivre, sont disposés contre les faces avant 108a, 108b et arrière 110a, 110b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b. The electrical contact elements connecting the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b to each other, and for example formed by strips based on one or more electrically conductive materials such as copper, are arranged against the front faces 108a, 108b and rear 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
Sur l'exemple de la figure 1, des éléments de contact électrique 112a et 114a sont respectivement disposés contre la face avant 108a et la face arrière 110a de la cellule photovoltaïque 106a. De même, des éléments de contact électrique 112b et 114b sont respectivement disposés contre la face avant 108b et la face arrière 110b de la cellule photovoltaïque 106b. In the example of FIG. 1, electrical contact elements 112a and 114a are respectively disposed against the front face 108a and the rear face 110a of the photovoltaic cell 106a. Similarly, electrical contact elements 112b and 114b are respectively disposed against the front face 108b and the rear face 110b of the photovoltaic cell 106b.
Dans le module photovoltaïque 100, la couche 102 formant la face avant du module 100 est
disposée directement contre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b se trouvant contre les faces avant 108a, 108b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b. In the photovoltaic module 100, the layer 102 forming the front face of the module 100 is arranged directly against the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b lying against the front faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
Le module photovoltaïque 100 comporte en outre des éléments 116a et 116b à base d'un matériau élastique disposés entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 100. De plus, le module photovoltaïque 100 comporte également des portions 118a, 118b à base d'un matériau élastique disposées entre les cellules photovoltaïque 106a, 106b et la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 100. Les portions 118a, 118b ont une épaisseur (dimension selon l'axe y représenté sur la figure 1) supérieure à celle des éléments 116a, 116b car ces portions 118a, 118b sont disposées entre les éléments de contacts électriques 114a, 114b de chacune des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b. The photovoltaic module 100 further comprises elements 116a and 116b based on a resilient material disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100. In addition, the photovoltaic module 100 comprises also portions 118a, 118b based on an elastic material disposed between the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100. The portions 118a, 118b have a thickness (dimension along the y axis represented in Figure 1) greater than that of the elements 116a, 116b because these portions 118a, 118b are disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b of each of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
Sur l'exemple de la figure 1, l'épaisseur de chacune des portions 118a, 118b est sensiblement égale à la somme des épaisseurs d'un des éléments élastiques 116a, 116b et d'un des éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b. Les éléments 116a, 116b et les portions 118a, 118b sont ici à base de polymère, par exemple de 1 ' élastomère . In the example of FIG. 1, the thickness of each of the portions 118a, 118b is substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of one of the elastic elements 116a, 116b and of one of the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b. The elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b are here based on polymer, for example elastomer.
Etant donné que les éléments 116a, 116b à base du matériau élastique sont en compression, la pression engendrée par cette compression permet d'assurer un bon contact électrique entre les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b.
Le matériau formant les éléments élastiques 116a, 116b ainsi que les portions 118a, 118b peut être choisi tel que, pour un écrasement égal à environ 50 ym, ce matériau renvoie une pression au moins égale à 0,3 MPa, et/ou tel que pour un écrasement égal à environ 150 ym, ce matériau renvoie une pression inférieure ou égale à environ 1 MPa. Since the elements 116a, 116b based on the elastic material are in compression, the pressure generated by this compression makes it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b. The material forming the elastic elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b may be chosen such that, for a crush equal to about 50 μm, this material returns a pressure of at least 0.3 MPa, and / or such that for a crush equal to about 150 μm, this material returns a pressure less than or equal to about 1 MPa.
Le respect de ces contraintes correspond à un matériau dont la constante de raideur et le coefficient de viscosité lui confèrent, dans cette plage d'écrasement (entre environ 50 ym et 150 ym) , une courbe de déformation en compression inférieure à 7 MPa/mm. The respect of these constraints corresponds to a material whose stiffness constant and the viscosity coefficient give it, in this crushing range (between about 50 μm and 150 μm), a compression deformation curve of less than 7 MPa / mm. .
Bien que cela ne soit pas visible sur la figure 1, les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b ainsi que les éléments de matériau élastique 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b sont disposés dans un volume intérieur étanche formé entre les couches 102 et 104 du module photovoltaïque 100, les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b étant ainsi encapsulées entre les couches 102 et 104. Although this is not visible in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b as well as the elastic material elements 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b are arranged in a volume sealed interior formed between the layers 102 and 104 of the photovoltaic module 100, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b thus being encapsulated between the layers 102 and 104.
Pour une température égale à environ 85°C, la pression interne absolue régnant à l'intérieur de ce volume peut être égale ou supérieure à environ 800 mbar (soit une pression relative égale à environ -200 mbar par rapport à la pression atmosphérique) . For a temperature equal to about 85 ° C., the absolute internal pressure prevailing inside this volume may be equal to or greater than about 800 mbar (ie a relative pressure equal to about -200 mbar relative to the atmospheric pressure).
Les éléments 116a, 116b et les portions 118a, 118b à base du matériau élastique permettent en outre de compenser les défauts de planéité des couches 102 et 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module
photovoltaïque 100, et donc d'obtenir un bon contact électrique entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et les faces 110a, 110b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b se trouvant du côté de la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 100, ainsi qu'entre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b et les faces 108a, 108b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b se trouvant du côté de la face avant du module photovoltaïque 100. The elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b based on the elastic material also make it possible to compensate for flatness defects of the layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the module photovoltaic 100, and thus to obtain a good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the faces 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b on the side of the rear face of the photovoltaic module 100, and between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b located on the front side of the photovoltaic module 100.
Cette compensation permet, notamment lorsque la température à laquelle se trouve le module photovoltaïque 100 varie, faisant varier la pression à l'intérieur du volume étanche dans lequel se trouvent les éléments du module 100, d'avoir toujours un contact électrique entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et les faces 110a, 110b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b ainsi qu'entre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b et les faces 108a, 108b des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b. De plus, cette compensation permet également d'éviter la formation de fissures dans les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b après que le module 100 a subi plusieurs cycles thermiques. Les portions 118a, 118b plus épaisses permettent également de supporter les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et d'atténuer les effets de déformation par flexion des cellules 106a, 106b qui pourraient apparaître lorsque les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b subissent des contraintes telles que celles engendrées par des variations de température.
On se réfère aux figures 2A à 2C qui représentent les étapes d'un procédé de réalisation du module photovoltaïque 100. This compensation makes it possible, especially when the temperature at which the photovoltaic module 100 is located varies, varying the pressure inside the sealed volume in which the elements of the module 100 are located, to always have an electrical contact between the elements of the module. electrical contact 114a, 114b and the faces 110a, 110b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the faces 108a, 108b of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b. In addition, this compensation also makes it possible to prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after the module 100 has undergone several thermal cycles. The thicker portions 118a, 118b also make it possible to support the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and to attenuate the bending deformation effects of the cells 106a, 106b which could appear when the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b undergo constraints such as those caused by temperature variations. FIGS. 2A to 2C show the steps of a method for producing the photovoltaic module 100.
Comme représenté sur la figure 2A, on réalise tout d'abord les éléments 116a, 116b et les portions 118a, 118b à base de polymère, par exemple à l'aide de buses de dispense ou par sérigraphie, sur la couche 104 destinée à former la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 100. As shown in FIG. 2A, the elements 116a, 116b and the polymer-based portions 118a, 118b are firstly produced, for example using dispensing nozzles or by screen printing, on the layer 104 intended to form the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 100.
Parallèlement à cela, on réalise les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et on forme les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b contre les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b de manière classique. In parallel with this, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b are produced and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b are formed against the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b in a conventional manner.
Les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b sont alors disposés contre les éléments 116a, 116b et les portions 118a, 118b à base de matériau élastique (figure 2B) . The photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b are then arranged against the elements 116a, 116b and the portions 118a, 118b based on elastic material (FIG. 2B).
Enfin, comme représenté sur la figure 2C, le module photovoltaïque 100 est fermé en disposant la couche de verre 102, formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque 100, contre les contacts électriques 112a, 112b. Pendant cette fermeture, ou encapsulation, les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et leurs contacts électriques 114a, 114b sont pressés contre les éléments et portions d'élastomère 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b et s'enfoncent plus ou moins dans ces éléments et portions d'élastomère 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b suivant les variations et/ou défauts de planéité et/ou de
parallélisme entre les deux couches 102 et 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 100. Finally, as shown in FIG. 2C, the photovoltaic module 100 is closed by placing the glass layer 102, forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 100, against the electrical contacts 112a, 112b. During this closure, or encapsulation, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and their electrical contacts 114a, 114b are pressed against the elements and portions of elastomer 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b and sink more or less into these elements and portions of elastomer 116a, 116b, 118a, 118b according to variations and / or flatness and / or parallelism between the two layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100.
Dans cet exemple de procédé de réalisation, le module photovoltaïque 100 est fermé dans un environnement dépressurisé. La valeur de la dépression dépend de la température à laquelle est réalisée cette fermeture : la pression est par exemple inférieure ou égale à environ -300 mbar (valeur relative par rapport à la pression atmosphérique) lorsque la température est égale à environ 20°C, ou inférieure ou égale à environ -100 mbar (valeur relative par rapport à la pression atmosphérique) lorsque la température est égale à environ 90°C. In this exemplary embodiment method, the photovoltaic module 100 is closed in a depressurized environment. The value of the depression depends on the temperature at which this closure is made: the pressure is for example less than or equal to about -300 mbar (relative value with respect to the atmospheric pressure) when the temperature is equal to about 20 ° C, or less than or equal to about -100 mbar (relative to atmospheric pressure) when the temperature is about 90 ° C.
Cette dépression permet de redresser les éléments du module photovoltaïque 100 et d'éviter tout risque de flexion (bombage) au niveau des couches 102 et 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 100 (couches bombées vers l'extérieur du module 100) lorsque celles-ci sont exposées à des hautes températures ou à des pressions basses (par exemple lorsque le module est disposé à de hautes altitudes) . This depression makes it possible to straighten the elements of the photovoltaic module 100 and to avoid any risk of bending (bending) at the layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 100 (curved layers towards the outside of the module 100) when they are exposed to high temperatures or low pressures (eg when the module is placed at high altitudes).
Lors de l'étape de fermeture du module 100, il est possible d'utiliser une entretoise disposée en périphérie des cellules 106a, 106b afin de limiter la course de la presse disposant la couche 102 sur les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, garantissant ainsi une distance correcte entre les couches 102 et 104. Cette distance D est par exemple calculée telle que : During the step of closing the module 100, it is possible to use a spacer disposed at the periphery of the cells 106a, 106b in order to limit the stroke of the press having the layer 102 on the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, guaranteeing and a correct distance between the layers 102 and 104. This distance D is for example calculated such that:
D Econtact Eceiiuie 4- Egiastomèrei — Dpiangitg
avec : Con t ac t E u i ii this e Egiastomèrei 4- - Dpi year gitg with:
Econtact : épaisseur d'un des éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b ; Econtact: thickness of one of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b;
Eceiiuie : épaisseur d'une des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b ; Eceiiuie: thickness of one of the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b;
Eéiastomèrei '· épaisseur d'une des portions en élastomère 118a, 118b ; The elastomer has the thickness of one of the elastomer portions 118a, 118b;
Dpianéité : défauts de planéité des couches de verre 102, 104 (généralement au plus égaux à environ 100 ym) . Specificity: planarity defects of the glass layers 102, 104 (generally at most equal to about 100 μm).
Cette distance D peut également s'écrire sous la forme : This distance D can also be written in the form:
D 2. Econtact Eceiiuie 4- Egiastomgre2 — Dpianéité avec Eéiastomère2 : épaisseur d'un des éléments en élastomère 116a, 116b. 2. D E E con t ac t e u i ii that 4- Egi as t om g r 2 - Dpi year Eite with E é iastomère2: thickness of one of the elements 116a elastomer, 116b.
Toutes les épaisseurs mentionnées ci-dessus correspondent aux dimensions des éléments selon l'axe y représenté sur la figure 1. All the thicknesses mentioned above correspond to the dimensions of the elements along the y axis represented in FIG.
Le respect de cette distance D permet de garantir un bon contact électrique sur toutes les cellules photovoltaïques après dépressurisation dans le module photovoltaïque 100. Respecting this distance D makes it possible to guarantee good electrical contact on all the photovoltaic cells after depressurization in the photovoltaic module 100.
On se réfère maintenant à la figure 3 qui représente un module photovoltaïque 200 selon un second mode de réalisation. Referring now to Figure 3 which shows a photovoltaic module 200 according to a second embodiment.
De manière analogue au module photovoltaïque 100 précédemment décrit en liaison avec la figure 1, le module photovoltaïque 200 comporte les deux couches de verre 102 et 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 200, les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, les éléments de
contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b, ainsi que les portions en matériau élastique 118a, 118b. In a similar manner to the photovoltaic module 100 previously described in connection with FIG. 1, the photovoltaic module 200 comprises the two glass layers 102 and 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 200, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, the elements of the photovoltaic module. electrical contact 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b, as well as the portions of elastic material 118a, 118b.
Le module photovoltaïque 200 comporte également des éléments 202a, 202b à base d'un matériau élastique, par exemple de l' élastomère, disposés entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 200. The photovoltaic module 200 also comprises elements 202a, 202b based on an elastic material, for example elastomer, disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 200.
Ces éléments 202a, 202b ont un rôle identique aux éléments 116a, 116b du module photovoltaïque 100, à savoir assurer un bon contact électrique entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, compenser les défauts de planéité des couches 102 et 104 et éviter ainsi la formation de fissures dans les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b après quelques cycles thermiques. These elements 202a, 202b have a role identical to the elements 116a, 116b of the photovoltaic module 100, namely to ensure a good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, to compensate for the flatness defects of the layers. 102 and 104 and thus avoid the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles.
Les caractéristiques du matériau à base duquel les éléments 202a et 202b sont réalisés peuvent être similaires à celles du matériau à base duquel les éléments 116a, 116b sont réalisés. The characteristics of the material on which the elements 202a and 202b are made may be similar to those of the material on which the elements 116a, 116b are made.
Toutefois, par rapport aux éléments 116a, 116b du module photovoltaïque 100, les éléments 202a, 202b ont ici une forme de « U », c'est-à-dire comportent chacun un creux dans lequel est disposé l'un des éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b. However, relative to the elements 116a, 116b of the photovoltaic module 100, the elements 202a, 202b here have a shape of "U", that is to say each comprise a recess in which is disposed one of the contact elements 112a, 112b.
Cette forme particulière des éléments élastiques 202a, 202b permet de faciliter le positionnement de ces éléments par rapport aux éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b tout en supportant les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b.
De plus, par rapport au module photovoltaïque 100, le module photovoltaïque 200 comporte des seconds éléments 204a, 204b à base de matériau élastique, par exemple similaires aux éléments 202a, 202b, disposés entre chacun des éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b et la couche 102 formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque 200. This particular shape of the elastic elements 202a, 202b facilitates the positioning of these elements relative to the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b while supporting the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b. In addition, with respect to the photovoltaic module 100, the photovoltaic module 200 comprises second elements 204a, 204b based on elastic material, for example similar to the elements 202a, 202b, arranged between each of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b and the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 200.
De plus, de manière analogue aux éléments élastiques 202a, 202b, ces éléments 204a, 204b comportent chacun un creux dans lequel est disposé l'un des éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, permettant de faciliter le positionnement des ces éléments par rapport aux éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b. In addition, similarly to the elastic elements 202a, 202b, these elements 204a, 204b each comprise a recess in which is disposed one of the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, to facilitate the positioning of these elements relative to the elements. electrical contact 112a, 112b.
Ces éléments 204a, 204b coopèrent avec les autres éléments 202a, 202b à base de matériau élastique pour assurer un bon contact électrique entre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b et les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, compenser les défauts de planéité des couches 102, 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 200 et éviter ainsi la formation de fissures dans les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b après quelques cycles thermiques subis par le module photovoltaïque 200. These elements 204a, 204b cooperate with the other elements 202a, 202b based on elastic material to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, compensating for flatness defects. layers 102, 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 200 and thus prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles experienced by the photovoltaic module 200.
Le procédé mis en œuvre pour réaliser le module photovoltaïque 200 est sensiblement similaire au procédé de réalisation du module photovoltaïque 100 précédemment décrit, excepté que les éléments 204a, 204b à base d'un matériau élastique sont préalablement
réalisés contre la couche 102 destinée à former la face avant du module photovoltaïque 200. The method used to produce the photovoltaic module 200 is substantially similar to the method for producing the photovoltaic module 100 previously described, except that the elements 204a, 204b based on an elastic material are previously made against the layer 102 intended to form the front face of the photovoltaic module 200.
Le module photovoltaïque 200 est ensuite fermé en disposant les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b dans les creux des éléments élastiques 202a, 202b et les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b dans les creux des éléments élastiques 204a, 204b. The photovoltaic module 200 is then closed by placing the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b in the recesses of the elastic elements 202a, 202b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b in the recesses of the elastic elements 204a, 204b.
Dans une variante de réalisation du module photovoltaïque 200, il est possible de disposer des portions à base de matériau élastique, similaires aux portions 118a, 118b, au-dessus des cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, c'est-à-dire entre les cellules photovoltaïque 106a, 106b et la couche 102 formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque 200, entre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b de chacune des cellules 106a, 106b. In an alternative embodiment of the photovoltaic module 200, it is possible to have portions based on elastic material, similar to the portions 118a, 118b, above the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, that is to say between the cells photovoltaic 106a, 106b and the layer 102 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 200, between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b of each of the cells 106a, 106b.
On se réfère à la figure 4 qui représente un module photovoltaïque 300 selon un troisième mode de réalisation . Referring to Figure 4 which shows a photovoltaic module 300 according to a third embodiment.
De manière analogue aux modules photovoltaïque 100 et 200 précédemment décrits en liaison avec les figures 1 et 3, le module photovoltaïque 300 comporte les deux couches de verre 102 et 104, les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b. In a similar manner to the photovoltaic modules 100 and 200 previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 3, the photovoltaic module 300 comprises the two glass layers 102 and 104, the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b.
Le module photovoltaïque 300 comporte également une couche 302 à base d'un matériau élastique par exemple similaire au matériau formant les éléments 116a, 116a, 202a, 202b, 204a, 204b et/ou les portions 118a, 118b des modules photovoltaïques 100 et 200.
Cette couche 302 recouvre la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque 300. The photovoltaic module 300 also comprises a layer 302 based on an elastic material for example similar to the material forming the elements 116a, 116a, 202a, 202b, 204a, 204b and / or the portions 118a, 118b of the photovoltaic modules 100 and 200. This layer 302 covers the layer 104 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 300.
Le module photovoltaïque 300 comporte également une seconde couche 304 à base de matériau élastique disposée entre les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b et la première couche élastique 302. The photovoltaic module 300 also comprises a second layer 304 based on elastic material disposed between the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b and the first elastic layer 302.
De manière analogue aux éléments élastiques 116a, 116b, 202a, 202b et aux portions 118a, 118b des modules photovoltaïques 100 et 200, ces couches 302 et 304 permettent d'assurer un bon contact électrique entre les éléments de contact électrique 112a, 112b, 114a, 114b et les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b, de compenser les défauts de planéité des couches 102, 104 formant les faces avant et arrière du module photovoltaïque 300 et éviter ainsi la formation de fissures dans les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b après quelques cycles thermiques subis par le module photovoltaïque 200. Sur l'exemple de la figure 4, on voit que les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b sont enfoncés dans la seconde couche élastique 304 tels que les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b reposent également sur la seconde couche élastique 304. La seconde couche élastique 304 supporte ainsi les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et permet d'atténuer les effets de déformation par flexion des cellules 106a, 106b qui pourraient apparaître lors des cycles thermiques que subit le module photovoltaïque 300. Like the elastic elements 116a, 116b, 202a, 202b and the portions 118a, 118b of the photovoltaic modules 100 and 200, these layers 302 and 304 make it possible to ensure good electrical contact between the electrical contact elements 112a, 112b, 114a. , 114b and the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b, to compensate for the flatness defects of the layers 102, 104 forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 300 and thus to prevent the formation of cracks in the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b after a few thermal cycles undergone by the photovoltaic module 200. In the example of FIG. 4, it can be seen that the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b are driven into the second elastic layer 304 such that the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b also rest on the second elastic layer 304 The second elastic layer 304 thus supports the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and makes it possible to attenuate the effects of deformation. n by bending the cells 106a, 106b which could appear during the thermal cycles that the photovoltaic module 300 undergoes.
Le matériau de la couche 302 peut avoir une raideur élastique qui soit suffisante pour assurer les contacts électriques. Cette raideur élastique peut
également être supérieure à celle du matériau de la couche 304, qui permet de limiter le flambage des cellules 106a, 106b. The material of the layer 302 may have an elastic stiffness sufficient to provide the electrical contacts. This elastic stiffness can it should also be greater than that of the material of the layer 304, which makes it possible to limit the buckling of the cells 106a, 106b.
Le matériau de la seconde couche 304 est choisi suffisamment isolant électriquement (résistivité électrique par exemple supérieure à environ 2E15 Q.cm) afin de ne pas court-circuiter les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b entre elles. The material of the second layer 304 is chosen sufficiently electrically insulating (electrical resistivity for example greater than about 2 E 15 Q.cm) in order not to short circuit the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b to each other.
Le ou les matériaux élastiques utilisés pour réaliser les couches 302 et 304 peuvent être de type gel élastomère silicone, caoutchouc EPDM (Ethylène-Propylène-Diène Monomère) , polyuréthane, ou une mousse élastomère de tout type de polymère suffisamment souple et viscoélastique, c'est-à-dire présentant par exemple une déformation de l'ordre du millimètre lorsque le module photovoltaïque 300 subit une variation de température comprise entre environ -40°C et +90°C. The elastic material or materials used to produce the layers 302 and 304 may be of the silicone elastomer gel type, EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer) rubber, polyurethane rubber, or an elastomer foam of any sufficiently flexible and viscoelastic polymer type, that is to say having for example a deformation of the order of a millimeter when the photovoltaic module 300 undergoes a temperature variation between about -40 ° C and + 90 ° C.
Les couches 302 et 304 peuvent se présenter sous la forme de films élastiques préfabriqués empilés sur la couche 104 ou être réalisées par des dépôts directs en phase visqueuse sur la couche 104 par un procédé de dépôt grande surface, par exemple par raclage sans masque (procédé « doctor blade ») . The layers 302 and 304 may be in the form of prefabricated elastic films stacked on the layer 104 or be made by direct viscous phase deposits on the layer 104 by a large surface deposition process, for example by scraping without a mask (process "Doctor blade").
On se réfère à la figure 5 qui représente un module photovoltaïque 400 selon un quatrième mode de réalisation . Referring to Figure 5 which shows a photovoltaic module 400 according to a fourth embodiment.
Par rapport au module photovoltaïque 300, le module photovoltaïque 400 comporte une unique couche 402 à base de matériau élastique disposée sur la couche 104 formant la face arrière du module 400 et sur
laquelle repose les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b et les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b. Compared to the photovoltaic module 300, the photovoltaic module 400 comprises a single layer 402 based on elastic material disposed on the layer 104 forming the rear face of the module 400 and on which rests the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b and the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b.
En s' enfonçant dans la couche 402, les éléments de contact électrique 114a, 114b forment dans la couche 402 des creux 404a, 404b. Le matériau à partir duquel la couche 402 est réalisée peut être similaire au matériau des couches 302 et 304 précédemment décrites, et notamment être suffisamment isolant électriquement afin de ne pas court-circuiter les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b entre elles. La couche 402 peut être réalisée par la mise en œuvre de techniques analogues à celles précédemment décrites pour la réalisation de la couche 302. By sinking into the layer 402, the electrical contact elements 114a, 114b form recesses 404a, 404b in the layer 402. The material from which the layer 402 is made may be similar to the material of the previously described layers 302 and 304, and in particular be sufficiently electrically insulating so as not to short-circuit the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b with each other. The layer 402 can be made by implementing techniques similar to those described above for producing the layer 302.
Dans ce quatrième mode de réalisation, il est possible de réaliser la couche 402 indépendamment du support formé par la couche 104, sous la forme d'un film. Ainsi, ce film pourra être appliqué sur le support seulement au moment de l'assemblage du module 400. In this fourth embodiment, it is possible to make the layer 402 independently of the support formed by the layer 104, in the form of a film. Thus, this film can be applied to the support only at the time of assembly of the module 400.
Dans tous les modes de réalisation précédemment décrits en liaison avec les figures 1 à 5, les épaisseurs des éléments à base de matériau élastique sont adaptées en fonction des caractéristiques rhéologiques des matériaux élastiques utilisés. Par exemple, lorsque les éléments 116a, 116b du module photovoltaïque 100 et les éléments 202a, 202b du module photovoltaïque 200 sont réalisés à base de gel silicone de dureté Shore 00 égale à environ 45, ces éléments peuvent avoir une épaisseur égale à environ 0,5 mm. Dans le module photovoltaïque 300, la couche 302 peut être un film à base de TPU (tétra polyuréthane) de dureté Shore 00 égale à environ 80 et
d'épaisseur égale à environ 0,5 mm et la seconde couche 304 peut être à base d'un caoutchouc EPDM de dureté Shore 00 égale à environ 45 et d'épaisseur égale à environ 0,2 mm. Dans le module photovoltaïque 400, la couche 402 peut être un film TPU de dureté Shore 00 égale à environ 45 et d'épaisseur égale à environ 45. In all the embodiments previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5, the thicknesses of the elements based on elastic material are adapted as a function of the rheological characteristics of the elastic materials used. For example, when the elements 116a, 116b of the photovoltaic module 100 and the elements 202a, 202b of the photovoltaic module 200 are made of silicone gel of Shore 00 hardness equal to about 45, these elements may have a thickness equal to about 0, 5 mm. In the photovoltaic module 300, the layer 302 may be a film based on TPU (tetra polyurethane) of Shore 00 hardness equal to about 80 and of a thickness equal to about 0.5 mm and the second layer 304 may be based on an EPDM rubber Shore 00 hardness equal to about 45 and thickness equal to about 0.2 mm. In the photovoltaic module 400, the layer 402 may be a TPU film having a Shore 00 hardness of about 45 and a thickness of about 45.
Pour réaliser le ou les éléments élastiques des modules précédemment, il est par exemple possible de choisir un ou plusieurs matériaux élastiques présentant les caractéristiques rhéologiques suivantes : To achieve the elastic element (s) of the modules above, it is for example possible to choose one or more elastic materials having the following rheological characteristics:
- dureté : Shore 00 < 45 ou Shore A < 5 mesurée selon la norme ISO 2039-2, hardness: Shore 00 <45 or Shore A <5 measured according to ISO 2039-2,
- déformation au fluage inférieure à environ 10% mesurée selon la norme ISO 10066, creep deformation less than about 10% measured according to ISO 10066,
- résistivité volumique > 2E15 Q.cm (présentant une tenue au claquage conforme à la norme IEC 61215 pour une épaisseur maximale d'environ 1 mm) ; - volume resistivity> 2 E 15 Q.cm (with resistance to breakdown according to IEC 61215 for a maximum thickness of approximately 1 mm);
- Température de fonctionnement : entre -40°C et +85°C, avec des fonctionnements intermittents à une température de +100°C. - Operating temperature: -40 ° C to + 85 ° C, with intermittent operation at a temperature of + 100 ° C.
Il est également possible que les matériaux élastiques utilisés présentent un caractère adhésif afin d'améliorer l'assemblage des éléments des modules photovoltaïques 100 à 400, notamment entre les matériaux élastiques et les éléments de contact électrique . It is also possible that the elastic materials used have an adhesive nature in order to improve the assembly of the elements of the photovoltaic modules 100 to 400, especially between the elastic materials and the electrical contact elements.
De plus, dans tous les modes de réalisation précédemment décrits, il est possible de réaliser les éléments élastiques qui se trouvent du côté de la face avant du module photovoltaïque à partir de matériaux
transparents au moins aux longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ 300 nm et 1200 nm. Ainsi, les éléments élastiques présents en face avant du module photovoltaïque n'empêchent pas les rayons lumineux traversant la face avant du module photovoltaïque d'atteindre les cellules photovoltaïques 106a, 106b. In addition, in all the embodiments described above, it is possible to produce the elastic elements that are on the front side of the photovoltaic module from materials. transparent at least at wavelengths between about 300 nm and 1200 nm. Thus, the elastic elements present on the front face of the photovoltaic module do not prevent the light rays passing through the front face of the photovoltaic module from reaching the photovoltaic cells 106a, 106b.
L'absorption lumineuse des cellules photovoltaïques est alors sensiblement similaire à un module photovoltaïque ne comportant pas d'éléments élastiques au niveau de la face avant du module photovoltaïque . The light absorption of the photovoltaic cells is then substantially similar to a photovoltaic module having no elastic elements at the front face of the photovoltaic module.
Les éléments élastiques qui se trouvent du côté de la face arrière du module photovoltaïque peuvent être réalisés à partir de matériaux transparents aux longueurs d'ondes supérieures à environ 1200 nm et/ou présentant une réflexion optique vis-à-vis des longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ 300 nm et 1200 nm. Ainsi, les rayons lumineux atteignant ces éléments sans être absorbés par les cellules peuvent être reflétés vers les cellules photovoltaïques du module, améliorant ainsi le rendement de conversion photovoltaïque du module. The elastic elements on the back side of the photovoltaic module can be made from transparent materials with wavelengths greater than about 1200 nm and / or having optical reflection with respect to wavelengths. between about 300 nm and 1200 nm. Thus, the light rays reaching these elements without being absorbed by the cells can be reflected to the photovoltaic cells of the module, thus improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the module.
Les effets techniques obtenus grâce à l'utilisation d'un ou plusieurs éléments à base de matériau élastique précédemment décrits pour des modules photovoltaïques peuvent également s'appliquer à d'autres types de dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comportant des composants électriques et/ou électroniques encapsulés entre deux couches formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif, notamment lorsque les composants sont des composants
optiques tels que des composants du type CCD, CMOS, ou lorsque le dispositif est un écran plat, par exemple de type LCD, plasma ou LED. The technical effects obtained by using one or more elastic material-based elements previously described for photovoltaic modules can also be applied to other types of electrical and / or electronic device comprising electrical components and / or encapsulated between two layers forming the front and rear faces of the device, especially when the components are components optical components such as CCD, CMOS, or when the device is a flat screen, for example LCD, plasma or LED.
Un exemple d'un tel dispositif de type capteur CCD/CMOS 500 est représenté sur la figure 6. An example of such a CCD / CMOS sensor type device 500 is shown in FIG.
Le dispositif 500 comporte un capteur 502 encapsulé entre une couche 504 formant la face avant du dispositif 500 et une couche 506 formant la face arrière du dispositif 500. The device 500 comprises a sensor 502 encapsulated between a layer 504 forming the front face of the device 500 and a layer 506 forming the rear face of the device 500.
Le capteur 502 est relié électriquement à des contacts électriques 508 de type connectique planaire sur film, disposés entre la couche supérieure 504 et le capteur 502, à la périphérie du capteur 502. Le dispositif 500 comporte également un élément 510 à base d'un matériau élastique disposé entre le capteur 502 et la couche inférieure 506, formant une couche élastique supportant le capteur 502 tout en assurant un bon contact électrique entre le capteur 502 et les contacts 508. The sensor 502 is electrically connected to planar-plate-type electrical contacts 508 disposed between the upper layer 504 and the sensor 502 at the periphery of the sensor 502. The device 500 also comprises a element 510 made from a material elastic member disposed between the sensor 502 and the lower layer 506, forming an elastic layer supporting the sensor 502 while ensuring a good electrical contact between the sensor 502 and the contacts 508.
De plus, cette couche 510 permet également de compenser les défauts de planéité et/ou de parallélisme des couches 504 et 506 du dispositif 500. In addition, this layer 510 also makes it possible to compensate for the flatness and / or parallelism defects of the layers 504 and 506 of the device 500.
Un autre dispositif 600 de type afficheur LED est représenté sur la figure 7. Another device 600 of the LED display type is shown in FIG.
Ce dispositif 600 comporte une pluralité de This device 600 comprises a plurality of
LED 602 disposées et encapsulées entre une couche supérieure 604 formant la face avant du dispositif 600 et une couche inférieure 606 formant la face arrière du dispositif 600. LEDs 602 arranged and encapsulated between an upper layer 604 forming the front face of the device 600 and a lower layer 606 forming the rear face of the device 600.
Chaque LED 602 est reliée électriquement à un contact électrique 608, chaque contact électrique
608 étant en contact avec un élément de connexion 610, par exemple un circuit imprimé. Each LED 602 is electrically connected to an electrical contact 608, each electrical contact 608 being in contact with a connection element 610, for example a printed circuit.
Le contact électrique entre les LED 602 et le circuit imprimé 610 par l'intermédiaire des contacts électriques 608 est obtenu par une pression entre ces éléments . The electrical contact between the LEDs 602 and the printed circuit board 610 via the electrical contacts 608 is obtained by a pressure between these elements.
Pour cela, le dispositif 600 comporte un élément 612 à base d'un matériau élastique, formant une couche, disposé entre les LED 602 et la couche supérieure 604 qui assure ce contact électrique par une pression entre les LED 602 et le circuit imprimé 610 par l'intermédiaire des contacts électriques 608 générée par la compression de cet élément 612 obtenue après avoir disposé la couche supérieure 604 sur les LED 602 et fermé le dispositif 600.
For this, the device 600 comprises an element 612 based on a resilient material, forming a layer, disposed between the LEDs 602 and the upper layer 604 which provides this electrical contact by a pressure between the LEDs 602 and the printed circuit 610 by via the electrical contacts 608 generated by the compression of this element 612 obtained after having placed the upper layer 604 on the LEDs 602 and closed the device 600.
Claims
1. Dispositif électrique et/ou électronique (300) comportant au moins : An electric and / or electronic device (300) comprising at least:
- un composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b), an electrical and / or electronic component (106a, 106b),
- deux couches (102, 104) de matériau formant des faces avant et arrière du dispositif et entre lesquelles le composant électrique et/ou électronique est encapsulé, le composant électrique et/ou électronique comportant au moins deux faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) opposées telles que chacune desdites deux faces opposées soit disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau, two layers (102, 104) of material forming front and rear faces of the device and between which the electrical and / or electronic component is encapsulated, the electrical and / or electronic component comprising at least two faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) such that each of said two opposite faces is arranged facing one of the two layers of material,
- un élément de contact électrique (112a, an electrical contact element (112a,
112b, 114a, 114b) disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, 112b, 114a, 114b) disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- un élément (302) à base d'au moins un matériau élastique disposé entre l'une des deux couches de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique, formant une première couche de matériau élastique recouvrant au moins partiellement ladite une des deux couches de matériau, an element (302) based on at least one elastic material disposed between one of the two material layers and the electrical contact element, forming a first layer of elastic material at least partially covering said one of the two layers of material,
- une seconde couche (304) à base d'au moins un matériau élastique de raideur élastique inférieure à celle du matériau élastique de la première couche, disposée contre la première couche de matériau élastique et entre ladite une des deux couches (104) de matériau et l'élément de contact électrique (114a) . a second layer (304) based on at least one elastic material of elastic stiffness lower than that of the elastic material of the first layer, disposed against the first layer of elastic material and between said one of the two layers (104) of material and the electrical contact element (114a).
2. Dispositif (300) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément (302) à base du matériau élastique est disposé en outre entre l'une des deux couches (102, 104) de matériau et le composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b). 2. Device (300) according to claim 1, wherein the element (302) based on the elastic material is further disposed between one of the two layers (102, 104) of material and the electrical component and / or electronic (106a, 106b).
3. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédente, comportant une pluralité d'éléments de contact électrique (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) tels que chacune des deux faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b) comporte au moins un des éléments de contact électrique disposé contre ladite chacune des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique. 3. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of electrical contact elements (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) such that each of the two faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) opposite the component electrical and / or electronic (106a, 106b) comprises at least one of the electrical contact elements disposed against said each of the two opposite faces of the electrical component and / or electronic.
4. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la couche (102) de matériau formant la face avant du dispositif est transparente, le composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b) étant apte à émettre et/ou recevoir au moins un flux lumineux à travers la face avant du dispositif. 4. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the layer (102) of material forming the front face of the device is transparent, the electrical component and / or electronic (106a, 106b) being able to emit and / or receive at least one luminous flux through the front face of the device.
5. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b) est en contact avec la seconde couche (304) de matériau élastique . 5. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical and / or electronic component (106a, 106b) is in contact with the second layer (304) of elastic material.
6. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique se trouvant du côté de la face avant du dispositif sont transparents à au moins 80% au moins aux longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ 300 nm et 1200 nm, et/ou le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique (302, 304) se trouvant du côté de la face arrière du dispositif sont transparents à au moins 80 % aux longueurs d'ondes supérieures à environ 1200 nm et/ou présentent une réflexion optique à au moins 80 % vis-à-vis des longueurs d'ondes comprises entre environ 300 nm et 1200 nm. 6. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the element or elements based on elastic material on the side of the front face of the device are transparent to at least 80% at least at wavelengths included between about 300 nm and 1200 nm, and / or the one or more elastic material-based elements (302, 304) on the back side of the device are at least 80% transparent at wavelengths greater than about 1200 nm and / or have an optical reflection at least 80% vis-à-vis the wavelengths between about 300 nm and 1200 nm.
7. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le ou les matériaux élastiques sont au moins à base de matériaux choisis parmi des polymères, du silicone, du caoutchouc, du polyuréthane, de l' élastomère, ou d'un matériau dont la déformation au fluage est inférieure à environ 10 %, et/ou comportant en outre un caractère adhésif . 7. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic material or materials are at least based on materials selected from polymers, silicone, rubber, polyurethane, elastomer, or a material whose creep deformation is less than about 10%, and / or further comprising an adhesive character.
8. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins le composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b), le ou les éléments de contact électrique (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) et le ou les éléments à base de matériau élastique (302, 304) sont disposés dans un volume hermétiquement clos dépressurisé formé entre lesdites deux couches de matériau (102, 104) . Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the electrical and / or electronic component (106a, 106b), the electrical contact element or elements (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) and the or the elastic material-based elements (302, 304) are disposed in a depressurized hermetically sealed volume formed between said two layers of material (102, 104).
9. Dispositif (300) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant : 9. Device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
- une pluralité de composants électriques et/ou électroniques (106a, 106b) qui sont des cellules photovoltaïques, a plurality of electrical and / or electronic components (106a, 106b) which are photovoltaic cells,
- une pluralité d'éléments de contact électrique (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) comportant des bandes de matériau électriquement conducteur disposées contre les cellules photovoltaïques et reliant les cellules photovoltaïques électriquement entre elles, le dispositif étant un module photovoltaïque . a plurality of electrical contact elements (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) comprising strips of electrically conductive material arranged against the photovoltaic cells and connecting the photovoltaic cells electrically with each other, the device being a photovoltaic module.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel le composant électrique et/ou électronique est un capteur électronique d' images ou un élément d' affichage électronique . 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the electrical component and / or electronic is an electronic image sensor or an electronic display element.
11. Procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique (300) comportant au moins les étapes de : 11. A method of producing an electrical and / or electronic device (300) comprising at least the steps of:
- réalisation d'au moins un composant électrique et/ou électronique (106a, 106b) comportant au moins deux faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) opposées et d'au moins un élément de contact électrique (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) disposé contre au moins une desdites deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique, - Realization of at least one electrical and / or electronic component (106a, 106b) having at least two opposite faces (108a, 108b, 110a, 110b) and at least one electrical contact element (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b) disposed against at least one of said two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component,
- réalisation d'au moins un élément (302) à base d'au moins un matériau élastique contre une couche - Realization of at least one element (302) based on at least one elastic material against a layer
(102, 104) de matériau destinée à former une face avant ou arrière du dispositif, formant une première couche de matériau élastique recouvrant au moins partiellement ladite couche de matériau, et d'au moins une seconde couche (304) à base d'au moins un matériau élastique de raideur élastique inférieure à celle du matériau élastique de la première couche, disposée contre la première couche (302) de matériau élastique, (102, 104) material for forming a front face or rear of the device, forming a first layer of elastic material at least partially covering said layer of material, and at least a second layer (304) based on at least one elastic material of lower elastic stiffness than the elastic material the first layer, arranged against the first layer (302) of elastic material,
- encapsulation du composant électrique et/ou électronique entre deux couches (102, 104) de matériau formant les faces avant et arrière du dispositif, chacune des deux faces opposées du composant électrique et/ou électronique étant disposée en regard d'une des deux couches de matériau. encapsulation of the electrical and / or electronic component between two layers (102, 104) of material forming the front and rear faces of the device, each of the two opposite faces of the electrical and / or electronic component being arranged facing one of the two layers of material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0959001A FR2953993B1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | ELECTRICAL AND / OR ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH CONTACT ELASTIC ELEMENT |
PCT/EP2010/069627 WO2011073190A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2010-12-14 | Electrical and/or electronic device having a resilient contact element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2513975A1 true EP2513975A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
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ID=42101830
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10792899A Withdrawn EP2513975A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2010-12-14 | Electrical and/or electronic device having a resilient contact element |
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US (1) | US8519531B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2513975A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5703308B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120120194A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102742030B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010333005A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012014442A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2953993B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011073190A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201204206B (en) |
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KR102008816B1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2019-08-07 | 하나 마이크론(주) | Device for flexible track pad semiconductor package of smart phone and method for manufacturing the same |
US10985688B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2021-04-20 | Tesla, Inc. | Sidelap interconnect for photovoltaic roofing modules |
US10734938B2 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-08-04 | Tesla, Inc. | Packaging for solar roof tiles |
US10862420B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2020-12-08 | Tesla, Inc. | Inter-tile support for solar roof tiles |
CN108682705A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-10-19 | 汉能新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of solar panel |
US11245354B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2022-02-08 | Tesla, Inc. | Solar roof tile spacer with embedded circuitry |
US11245355B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2022-02-08 | Tesla, Inc. | Solar roof tile module |
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JPH09312408A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-12-02 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Manufacture of solar battery module |
JPH09312410A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-12-02 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Resin material for solar battery module |
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JP2003105940A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Structure for installing solar-battery module |
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FR2850488B1 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2006-02-10 | Dgtec | PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE HAVING CONNECTING TERMINALS WITH OUTSIDE |
WO2004095586A2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-11-04 | Apollon Solar | Photovoltaic module and production method thereof |
JP2005101519A (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-04-14 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Solar cell unit and solar cell module |
US20070074755A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-05 | Nanosolar, Inc. | Photovoltaic module with rigidizing backplane |
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- 2009-12-15 FR FR0959001A patent/FR2953993B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-14 JP JP2012543684A patent/JP5703308B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-14 AU AU2010333005A patent/AU2010333005A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-14 KR KR1020127017527A patent/KR20120120194A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-14 WO PCT/EP2010/069627 patent/WO2011073190A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-12-14 US US13/514,399 patent/US8519531B2/en active Active
- 2010-12-14 BR BR112012014442A patent/BR112012014442A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-14 CN CN201080062949.4A patent/CN102742030B/en active Active
- 2010-12-14 EP EP10792899A patent/EP2513975A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2012
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ZA201204206B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
BR112012014442A2 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
JP5703308B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
US20120248493A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
AU2010333005A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
JP2013513962A (en) | 2013-04-22 |
FR2953993B1 (en) | 2012-06-15 |
WO2011073190A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
FR2953993A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 |
US8519531B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
KR20120120194A (en) | 2012-11-01 |
CN102742030A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN102742030B (en) | 2015-10-14 |
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