EP2504883A1 - Lightning protection device for an antenna receiver, and aircraft comprising same - Google Patents

Lightning protection device for an antenna receiver, and aircraft comprising same

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Publication number
EP2504883A1
EP2504883A1 EP10779553A EP10779553A EP2504883A1 EP 2504883 A1 EP2504883 A1 EP 2504883A1 EP 10779553 A EP10779553 A EP 10779553A EP 10779553 A EP10779553 A EP 10779553A EP 2504883 A1 EP2504883 A1 EP 2504883A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coaxial cable
antenna
printed circuit
capacitance
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10779553A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2504883B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
Original Assignee
European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS France
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS France filed Critical European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS France
Publication of EP2504883A1 publication Critical patent/EP2504883A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2504883B1 publication Critical patent/EP2504883B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protection device, against lightning, antennas receivers in an aircraft and an aircraft comprising it.
  • the present invention applies, particularly to aircraft whose fuselage comprises electrically insulating materials, including composite materials.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
  • the present invention aims, in a first aspect, a lightning protection device of an antenna receiver, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a high-pass filter mounted in series with this shield adapted to limit the low-frequency energy flowing on said coaxial cable, having a capacity of at least one nF and an inductance of less than one ohm for the frequency; lower implementation by said receiver, said capacitor being formed of at least one layer of conductive material buried in a printed circuit.
  • the capacitance thus has a sufficiently low impedance in the frequency range of the antenna so as not to introduce an undesirable stationary wave ratio, and supports voltage levels higher than 1 KV.
  • a capacity corresponds to a high impedance at low frequencies and a low impedance at high frequencies.
  • a capacitance carried out using a discrete component can hardly meet these two requirements simultaneously because the components accepting these voltages are relatively bulky and thus have a strongly inductive behavior at these frequencies, which would introduce a stationary wave ratio ( TOS) not insignificant.
  • TOS stationary wave ratio
  • a miniature capacitor of the CMS type with a weakly inductive behavior can not accept high voltage levels.
  • a capacitance introducing an inductance (intrinsic inductance to the component added to that introduced by the routing) of 3 nH represents an impedance of two ohms at 100 MHz (CMS component).
  • the capacitance is formed by a printed circuit comprising two ground planes each connected to the ground of a coaxial cable connector.
  • the printed circuit comprises at least one layer of high permeability material sandwiched between two layers of conductive material.
  • the printed circuit comprises several layers of high permittivity material sandwiched between layers of conducting material, mounted in series.
  • this series capacitance configuration transforms the current constraint in the receiver into a voltage constraint across the capacitance.
  • the relative permittivity of the material separating the reinforcements from the capacitance is greater than four.
  • the thickness of the capacity between its reinforcements is greater than four microns. According to particular characteristics, the surface of the reinforcements of the capacity is greater than one square centimeter.
  • said capacitance is integrated in a connector of the coaxial cable.
  • said capacitance is integrated in said coaxial cable.
  • the present invention is an aircraft comprising at least one antenna and at least one lightning protection device of a receiver of a said antenna as briefly described above.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of an aircraft that is the subject of the present invention, comprising a plurality of lightning protection devices that are the subject of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment. of a lightning protection device object of the present invention
  • Figures 3 to 8 show impedance curves as a function of frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 shows an aircraft 10 comprising antennas 15, antenna signal receivers 20 and lightning protection devices 25.
  • the aircraft 10 is of any type, civilian or military, piloted or not.
  • the aircraft 10 has a fuselage comprising electrically insulating materials, in particular composite materials.
  • the antennas 15 are of known type. Because of their shape and positioning, they are particularly prone to lightning.
  • the antenna signal receivers 20 are of known type. They are connected to avionics and / or communication equipment (not shown). Each lightning protection device 25 is electrically interposed between an antenna 15 and an antenna signal receiver 20. A particular embodiment of a lightning protection device 25 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the lightning protection device 25 is based on a printed circuit, or PCB (acronym for "Printed Circuit Board") 30.
  • FIG. 2 shows an antenna signal coaxial cable 35 having a conductive outer shield 40 and a core 45 connected to an antenna 15. This cable 35 is connected to the printed circuit 30 by a connector 85. the other side of the printed circuit 30, a connector 80 connects the printed circuit 30 to a coaxial cable 65 of antenna signal output whose other end is connected to an antenna signal receiver 20.
  • the coaxial cable 65 has a conductive outer shield 70 and a core 75.
  • the printed circuit 30 has two ground planes 50 and 55 which are layers of brass.
  • the masses of the connectors 80 and 85 are electrically connected, respectively to the ground planes 55 and 50, via vias, that is to say metallized orifices.
  • the printed circuit comprises a layer of material with high permeability sandwiched between two layers of copper, for example, of the "C-ply" type (registered trademark) with a relative permittivity ⁇ ⁇ greater than four and, preferably, approximately equal to 16.
  • L The thickness e of the printed circuit between the ground planes is greater than four microns and preferably between eight and sixteen microns.
  • the capacitance is formed by several layers of high-permittivity material sandwiched between electrically conductive planes, connected in series, in order to distribute the stress in tension on the different layers.
  • this series capacitance configuration transforms the current constraint in the receiver into a voltage constraint across the capacitance.
  • the printed circuit 30 thus behaves as an interface between the antenna 15 and its receiver 20.
  • S is the surface of the frames, here are the ground planes.
  • the surface of the reinforcements is greater than one cm 2 and the capacity to one nF.
  • the non-inductive behavior of the device makes it possible to maintain an impedance of less than 1 Ohm, which makes it possible to limit the stationary wave ratio.
  • the proposed structure makes it possible to be sufficiently impedant at low frequency to limit the lightning current without disturbing the functional transmission signal of the antenna to its receiver which is considered around 300 MHz.
  • the impedances illustrated in FIG. 5 are obtained with a capacity of 100 pF. In this case, the value of the capacity is too low because it is too influential around 100 MHz.
  • the impedance illustrated in FIG. 6 is obtained with a capacitance of 100 nF.
  • Figure 7 shows, more precisely, the curve of Figure 6 around the 300 MHz frequency.
  • the characteristic impedance of the cable is 50.6 Ohms, which corresponds to 34.08 dBOhm. With this capacitance value, the impedance variation is at most +/- 0.1 dBOhm, which corresponds to 1 Ohm or 2% of the characteristic impedance.
  • the oscillations after 100 MHz are due to the fact that the cable does not perfectly preserve an impedance of 50 Ohms at all the frequencies. Thus, the oscillations observed in the presence of the filtering capacity of the device 25 are not due to it.
  • the device 25 produces a high-pass filter connected in series with the coaxial cable shield, adapted to limit the low-frequency energy flowing on the coaxial cable. It has a capacity of at least one nF and one inductor less than one ohm for the lowest frequency implemented by the antenna signal receiver, here 30 MHz. The device 25 thus has a sufficiently low impedance in the frequency range of the antenna for not introducing an undesirable stationary wave ratio. The device 25 also supports voltage levels higher than 1 KV.

Abstract

The invention relates to a lightning protection device (25) for an antenna receiver, comprising a shield (40, 70) for a coaxial cable (35, 65) connected to the antenna, and a high-pass filter mounted in series relative to said shield and capable of limiting the low-frequency power flowing in said coaxial cable, comprising a capacitor (30, 50, 55) and an inductor lower than 1 ohm at the lowest frequency used by said receiver, said capacitor including at least one layer of a conductive material embedded in a printed circuit. In some embodiments, the capacitor is made of a printed circuit (30) comprising at least two floorplans (50, 55), each of which is connected to the ground of a connector (80, 85) of the coaxial cable. The printed circuit may e.g. comprise at least one layer of a highly pervious material sandwiched between two layers of a conductive material.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION CONTRE LA FOUDRE D'UN RECEPTEUR D'ANTENNE ET  DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE LIGHTNING OF AN ANTENNA RECEIVER AND
AVION LE COMPORTANT  PLANE COMPRISING IT
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection, contre la foudre, de récepteurs d'antennes dans un avion et un avion le comportant. La présente invention s'applique, particulièrement aux avions dont le fuselage comporte des matériaux électriquement isolants, notamment des matériaux composites. The present invention relates to a protection device, against lightning, antennas receivers in an aircraft and an aircraft comprising it. The present invention applies, particularly to aircraft whose fuselage comprises electrically insulating materials, including composite materials.
De nombreuses antennes sont installées sur le fuselage d'un avion. Cependant, la généralisation de l'utilisation de matériaux composites pour la conception du fuselage entraîne de nombreuses difficultés en termes de conduction électrique. En particulier, il apparaît une résistance de contact importante entre le support métallique d'une antenne permettant de la fixer au fuselage et le panneau composite sur lequel est fixé ce support. L'ordre de grandeur de ces résistances est la dizaine de Mégohms. Cette résistance très élevée provoque une circulation de courant sur le coaxial relié à l'antenne lorsque se produit un impact de foudre, de l'ordre de 15 KA pour un impact de foudre de 200 KA, ce qui est trop contraignant pour les connecteurs.  Many antennas are installed on the fuselage of an airplane. However, the widespread use of composite materials for the design of the fuselage causes many difficulties in terms of electrical conduction. In particular, there is a significant contact resistance between the metal support of an antenna for attaching it to the fuselage and the composite panel on which is fixed this support. The order of magnitude of these resistances is ten megohms. This very high resistance causes a current flow on the coaxial connected to the antenna when a lightning strike occurs, of the order of 15 KA for a lightning strike of 200 KA, which is too restrictive for the connectors.
Il a été envisagée de relier le support de chaque antenne aux métallisations des cadres voisins par l'intermédiaire de tresse ou « strips » métalliques. Cette solution limite à 3 KA le courant dérivé par le coaxial. Cependant, cette solution a des limites, en particulier :  It has been envisaged to connect the support of each antenna to the metallizations of the neighboring frames by means of metal braids or "strips". This solution limits to 3 KA the current derived by the coaxial. However, this solution has limitations, in particular:
- en termes de contraintes d'installation et  - in terms of installation constraints and
- elle nécessite une métallisation des cadres alors qu'il est prévu, dans certaines parties des avions qui portent des antennes de ne pas en avoir, ce qui nécessite des longueurs de tresses importantes pour aller se connecter à une métallisation distante.  - It requires a metallization frames while it is expected, in some parts of planes that have antennas not to have, which requires lengths of large braids to go to connect to a distant metallization.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients.  The present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
A cet effet, la présente invention vise, selon un premier aspect, un dispositif de protection contre la foudre d'un récepteur d'antenne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :  For this purpose, the present invention aims, in a first aspect, a lightning protection device of an antenna receiver, characterized in that it comprises:
un blindage d'un câble coaxial relié à l'antenne et  a shield of a coaxial cable connected to the antenna and
- un filtre passe-haut monté en série de ce blindage adapté à limiter l'énergie basse fréquence circulant sur ledit câble coaxial, comportant une capacité d'au moins un nF et une inductance inférieure à un ohm pour la fréquence la plus basse mise en œuvre par ledit récepteur, ladite capacité étant formée d'au moins une couche de matériau conducteur enterrée dans un circuit imprimé. a high-pass filter mounted in series with this shield adapted to limit the low-frequency energy flowing on said coaxial cable, having a capacity of at least one nF and an inductance of less than one ohm for the frequency; lower implementation by said receiver, said capacitor being formed of at least one layer of conductive material buried in a printed circuit.
La capacité présente ainsi une impédance suffisamment faible dans le domaine de fréquence de l'antenne afin de ne pas introduire un taux d'onde stationnaire indésirable, et supporte des niveaux de tensions supérieurs à 1 KV.  The capacitance thus has a sufficiently low impedance in the frequency range of the antenna so as not to introduce an undesirable stationary wave ratio, and supports voltage levels higher than 1 KV.
On note qu'une capacité correspond à une haute impédance en basses fréquences et à une faible impédance en hautes fréquences. Notamment dans le domaine fonctionnel allant de 30 MHz à1 GHz. Une capacité réalisée à l'aide d'un composant discret peut difficilement répondre à ces deux exigences simultanément car les composants acceptant ces tensions sont relativement volumineux et ont ainsi un comportement fortement inductif à ces fréquences, ce qui introduirait un taux d'onde stationnaire (TOS) non négligeable. De la même manière, une capacité miniature du type CMS ayant un comportement faiblement inductif ne peut accepter des niveaux de tensions élevés. Par exemple, une capacité introduisant une inductance (inductance intrinsèque au composant additionnée à celle introduite par le routage) de 3 nH représente une impédance de deux ohms à 100 MHz (composant CMS). Pour une capacité introduisant une inductance de 10nH, qui devrait être un minimum pour une capacité acceptant les tensions requises, on obtient six Ohms à 100 MHz et 18 Ohms à 300 MHz. Ces valeurs correspondent à une introduction d'onde stationnaire indésirable.  Note that a capacity corresponds to a high impedance at low frequencies and a low impedance at high frequencies. In particular in the functional domain ranging from 30 MHz to 1 GHz. A capacitance carried out using a discrete component can hardly meet these two requirements simultaneously because the components accepting these voltages are relatively bulky and thus have a strongly inductive behavior at these frequencies, which would introduce a stationary wave ratio ( TOS) not insignificant. In the same way, a miniature capacitor of the CMS type with a weakly inductive behavior can not accept high voltage levels. For example, a capacitance introducing an inductance (intrinsic inductance to the component added to that introduced by the routing) of 3 nH represents an impedance of two ohms at 100 MHz (CMS component). For a capacitance introducing a 10nH inductance, which should be a minimum for a capacitance accepting the required voltages, six ohms at 100 MHz and 18 ohms at 300 MHz are obtained. These values correspond to an unwanted stationary wave introduction.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, la capacité est formée par un circuit imprimé comportant deux plans de masse reliés, chacun, à la masse d'un connecteur de câble coaxial.  According to particular characteristics, the capacitance is formed by a printed circuit comprising two ground planes each connected to the ground of a coaxial cable connector.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le circuit imprimé comporte au moins une couche de matériau à forte perméabilité en sandwich entre deux couches de matériau conducteur.  According to particular features, the printed circuit comprises at least one layer of high permeability material sandwiched between two layers of conductive material.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le circuit imprimé comporte plusieurs couches de matériau à forte permittivité en sandwich entre des couches de matériau conducteur, montées en série.  According to particular features, the printed circuit comprises several layers of high permittivity material sandwiched between layers of conducting material, mounted in series.
On répartit ainsi la contrainte en tension sur les différentes couches. De plus, cette configuration de capacités en séries transforme la contrainte en courant dans le récepteur en une contrainte en tension aux bornes de la capacité.  This distributes the stress in tension on the different layers. In addition, this series capacitance configuration transforms the current constraint in the receiver into a voltage constraint across the capacitance.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, la permittivité relative du matériau séparant les armatures de la capacité est supérieure à quatre.  According to particular characteristics, the relative permittivity of the material separating the reinforcements from the capacitance is greater than four.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, l'épaisseur de la capacité entre ses armatures est supérieure à quatre microns. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, la surface des armatures de la capacité est supérieure à un centimètre carré. According to particular characteristics, the thickness of the capacity between its reinforcements is greater than four microns. According to particular characteristics, the surface of the reinforcements of the capacity is greater than one square centimeter.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite capacité est intégrée dans un connecteur du câble coaxial.  According to particular characteristics, said capacitance is integrated in a connector of the coaxial cable.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite capacité est intégrée dans ledit câble coaxial.  According to particular features, said capacitance is integrated in said coaxial cable.
Selon un deuxième aspect, la présente invention vise un avion comportant au moins une antenne et au moins un dispositif de protection contre la foudre d'un récepteur d'une dite antenne tel que succinctement exposé ci-dessus.  According to a second aspect, the present invention is an aircraft comprising at least one antenna and at least one lightning protection device of a receiver of a said antenna as briefly described above.
Les avantages, buts et caractéristiques particulières de cet avion étant similaires à ceux du dispositif objet de la présente invention, tel que succinctement exposé ci-dessus, ils ne sont pas rappelés ici.  The advantages, goals and special features of this aircraft being similar to those of the device object of the present invention, as succinctly described above, they are not recalled here.
D'autres avantages, buts et caractéristiques de la présente invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite, dans un but explicatif et nullement limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :  Other advantages, aims and features of the present invention will become apparent from the description which follows, made for an explanatory and non-limiting purpose, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 représente, schématiquement, un mode de réalisation particulier d'un avion objet de la présente invention, comportant une pluralité de dispositifs de protection contre la foudre objets de la présente invention, la figure 2 représente, schématiquement, un mode de réalisation particulier d'un dispositif de protection contre la foudre objet de la présente invention et les figures 3 à 8 représentent des courbes d'impédances en fonction de fréquences.  FIG. 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of an aircraft that is the subject of the present invention, comprising a plurality of lightning protection devices that are the subject of the present invention, FIG. 2 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment. of a lightning protection device object of the present invention and Figures 3 to 8 show impedance curves as a function of frequencies.
On note, à titre préliminaire, que les figures ne sont pas à l'échelle.  It is noted, as a preliminary, that the figures are not to scale.
On observe, en figure 1 , un avion 10 comportant des antennes 15, des récepteurs de signaux d'antenne 20 et des dispositifs de protection contre la foudre 25.  FIG. 1 shows an aircraft 10 comprising antennas 15, antenna signal receivers 20 and lightning protection devices 25.
L'avion 10 est de type quelconque, civil ou militaire, piloté ou non. Dans des modes de réalisation préférentiels, l'avion 10 possède un fuselage comportant des matériaux électriquement isolants, notamment des matériaux composites. Les antennes 15 sont de type connu. Du fait de leur forme et de leur positionnement, elles sont particulièrement sujettes à la foudre. Les récepteurs de signaux d'antenne 20 sont de type connu. Ils sont reliés à des équipements avioniques et/ou de communication (non représentés). Chaque dispositif de protection contre la foudre 25 est électriquement intercalé entre une antenne 15 et un récepteur de signaux d'antenne 20. Un mode de réalisation particulier d'un dispositif de protection contre la foudre 25 est illustré en figure 2.  The aircraft 10 is of any type, civilian or military, piloted or not. In preferred embodiments, the aircraft 10 has a fuselage comprising electrically insulating materials, in particular composite materials. The antennas 15 are of known type. Because of their shape and positioning, they are particularly prone to lightning. The antenna signal receivers 20 are of known type. They are connected to avionics and / or communication equipment (not shown). Each lightning protection device 25 is electrically interposed between an antenna 15 and an antenna signal receiver 20. A particular embodiment of a lightning protection device 25 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
Dans le mode de réalisation particulier illustré en figure 2, le dispositif de protection contre la foudre 25 est basé sur un circuit imprimé, ou PCB (acronyme de « Printed Circuit Board ») 30. On observe, en figure 2, un câble coaxial d'arrivée de signaux d'antenne 35 comportant un blindage externe conducteur 40 et une âme 45 reliée à une antenne 15. Ce câble 35 est relié au circuit imprimé 30 par un connecteur 85. De l'autre côté du circuit imprimé 30, un connecteur 80 relie le circuit imprimé 30 à un câble coaxial 65 de sortie de signaux d'antenne dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un récepteur de signaux d'antenne 20. Le câble coaxial 65 présente un blindage externe conducteur 70 et une âme 75. In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the lightning protection device 25 is based on a printed circuit, or PCB (acronym for "Printed Circuit Board") 30. FIG. 2 shows an antenna signal coaxial cable 35 having a conductive outer shield 40 and a core 45 connected to an antenna 15. This cable 35 is connected to the printed circuit 30 by a connector 85. the other side of the printed circuit 30, a connector 80 connects the printed circuit 30 to a coaxial cable 65 of antenna signal output whose other end is connected to an antenna signal receiver 20. The coaxial cable 65 has a conductive outer shield 70 and a core 75.
Le circuit imprimé 30 comporte deux plans de masse 50 et 55 qui sont des couches de cuivres. Les masses des connecteurs 80 et 85 sont électriquement reliées, respectivement aux plans de masse 55 et 50, par l'intermédiaire de vias, c'est-à-dire des orifices métallisés.  The printed circuit 30 has two ground planes 50 and 55 which are layers of brass. The masses of the connectors 80 and 85 are electrically connected, respectively to the ground planes 55 and 50, via vias, that is to say metallized orifices.
On obtient ainsi l'intégration d'une capacité dans le circuit imprimé en maintenant une structure coaxiale, ce qui permet d'éviter une inductance montée en série avec la capacité et de conserver l'impédance caractéristique entre l'antenne et son récepteur. On choisira une valeur de capacité suffisante en fonction du taux d'onde stationnaire accepté pour la bonne transmission de signaux depuis ou vers l'antenne.  The integration of a capacitance in the printed circuit is thus obtained by maintaining a coaxial structure, which makes it possible to avoid an inductance connected in series with the capacitance and to keep the characteristic impedance between the antenna and its receiver. A sufficient capacitance value will be chosen according to the accepted steady-state wave ratio for good signal transmission from or to the antenna.
Le circuit imprimé comporte une couche de matériau à forte perméabilité en sandwich entre deux couches de cuivre, par exemple, de type « C-ply » (marque déposée) de permittivité relative εΓ supérieure à quatre et, préférentiellement environ égale à 16. L'épaisseur e du circuit imprimé, entre les plans de masse est supérieure à quatre microns et, préférentiellement, entre huit et seize microns. The printed circuit comprises a layer of material with high permeability sandwiched between two layers of copper, for example, of the "C-ply" type (registered trademark) with a relative permittivity ε Γ greater than four and, preferably, approximately equal to 16. L The thickness e of the printed circuit between the ground planes is greater than four microns and preferably between eight and sixteen microns.
On note que, dans d'autres modes de réalisation, la capacité est formée par plusieurs couches de matériau à forte permittivité en sandwich entre des plans électriquement conducteurs, montées en série, afin de répartir la contrainte en tension sur les différentes couches.  It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the capacitance is formed by several layers of high-permittivity material sandwiched between electrically conductive planes, connected in series, in order to distribute the stress in tension on the different layers.
A cet égard, on note que cette configuration de capacités en séries transforme la contrainte en courant dans le récepteur en une contrainte en tension aux bornes de la capacité.  In this regard, it is noted that this series capacitance configuration transforms the current constraint in the receiver into a voltage constraint across the capacitance.
Le circuit imprimé 30 se comporte ainsi comme une interface entre l'antenne 15 et son récepteur 20.  The printed circuit 30 thus behaves as an interface between the antenna 15 and its receiver 20.
On rappelle que la capacité C d'un condensateur se calcule selon la formule : It is recalled that the capacitance C of a capacitor is calculated according to the formula:
C = εΓ . ε0 . S / e C = ε Γ . ε 0 . S / e
formule dans laquelle :  formula in which:
So est la permittivité du vide (1/36 . π . 109) et So is the permittivity of the vacuum (1/36, π, 10 9 ) and
S est la surface des armatures, ici des plans de masse.  S is the surface of the frames, here are the ground planes.
Avec une épaisseur e = 16 microns, on obtient une capacité de l'ordre de 1 nF par cm2 de plan de masse ce matériau, soit pour un circuit imprimé de 100 cm2 de surface, une capacité de 100 nF. A 100 MHz, l'impédance est Z = 15.10"3 Ohms With a thickness e = 16 microns, a capacitance of the order of 1 nF per cm 2 of ground plane is obtained for this material, ie for a printed circuit of 100 cm 2 of surface, a capacitance of 100 nF. At 100 MHz, the impedance is Z = 15.10 "3 Ohms
A 300 MHz, l'impédance est Z = 5.10"3 Ohms. At 300 MHz, the impedance is Z = 5.10 "3 Ohms.
Pour 10 nF (surface de 10 cm2) For 10 nF (area of 10 cm 2 )
A 100MHz, l'impédance est Z = 150.10"3 Ohms At 100MHz, the impedance is Z = 150.10 "3 Ohms
A 300MHz, l'impédance est Z = 50.10"3 Ohms At 300MHz, the impedance is Z = 50.10 "3 Ohms
Pour un nF (surface de un cm2) For a nF (area of one cm 2 )
A 300MHz, l'impédance est Z = 500.10"3 Ohms At 300MHz, the impedance is Z = 500.10 "3 Ohms
Préférentiellement, la surface des armatures est supérieure à un cm2 et la capacité à un nF. Preferably, the surface of the reinforcements is greater than one cm 2 and the capacity to one nF.
Le comportement non inductif du dispositif permet de maintenir une impédance inférieure à 1 Ohm ce qui permet de limiter le taux d'onde stationnaire.  The non-inductive behavior of the device makes it possible to maintain an impedance of less than 1 Ohm, which makes it possible to limit the stationary wave ratio.
La structure proposée permet d'être suffisamment impédante en basse fréquence pour limiter le courant foudre sans perturber le signal fonctionnel de transmission de l'antenne à son récepteur que l'on considère autour de 300 MHz.  The proposed structure makes it possible to be sufficiently impedant at low frequency to limit the lightning current without disturbing the functional transmission signal of the antenna to its receiver which is considered around 300 MHz.
Sans câble coaxial, on a l'impédance vue de la source illustrée en figure 3, avec une capacité de 100 pF. De même avec une capacité de 100 nF, on a l'impédance vue de la source illustrée en figure 4.  Without coaxial cable, there is the impedance seen from the source illustrated in Figure 3, with a capacity of 100 pF. Similarly with a capacity of 100 nF, the impedance seen from the source illustrated in FIG.
En intégrant, de part et d'autre de la capacité, 1 m de câble coaxial, représentant une impédance de 50,6 ohms, on obtient l'impédances illustrée en figure 5, avec une capacité de 100 pF. Dans ce cas, la valeur de la capacité est trop faible car trop influente autour de 100 MHz.  By integrating, on either side of the capacitor, 1 m of coaxial cable, representing an impedance of 50.6 ohms, the impedances illustrated in FIG. 5 are obtained with a capacity of 100 pF. In this case, the value of the capacity is too low because it is too influential around 100 MHz.
En intégrant, de part et d'autre de la capacité, 1 m de câble coaxial, représentant une impédance de 50,6 ohms, on obtient l'impédance illustrée en figure 6, avec une capacité de 100 nF.  By integrating, on either side of the capacitor, 1 m of coaxial cable, representing an impedance of 50.6 ohms, the impedance illustrated in FIG. 6 is obtained with a capacitance of 100 nF.
La figure 7 montre, plus précisément, la courbe de la figure 6 autour de la fréquence de 300 MHz.  Figure 7 shows, more precisely, the curve of Figure 6 around the 300 MHz frequency.
L'impédance caractéristique du câble est de 50.6 Ohms, ce qui correspond à 34,08 dBOhm. Avec cette valeur de capacité, la variation d'impédance est au maximum de +/-0,1 dBOhm, ce qui correspond à 1 Ohm soit 2% de l'impédance caractéristique.  The characteristic impedance of the cable is 50.6 Ohms, which corresponds to 34.08 dBOhm. With this capacitance value, the impedance variation is at most +/- 0.1 dBOhm, which corresponds to 1 Ohm or 2% of the characteristic impedance.
Cette variation est due au fait que le câble n'est pas parfaitement de 50 Ohms : en effet si on enlève la capacité de filtrage on obtient l'impédance illustrée en figure 8.  This variation is due to the fact that the cable is not perfectly of 50 Ohms: indeed if one removes the capacity of filtering one obtains the impedance illustrated in figure 8.
Les oscillations après 100 MHz sont dues au fait que le câble ne conserve pas parfaitement une impédance de 50 Ohms à toutes les fréquences. Ainsi, les oscillations observées en présence de la capacité de filtrage du dispositif 25 ne sont pas dues à celle-ci.  The oscillations after 100 MHz are due to the fact that the cable does not perfectly preserve an impedance of 50 Ohms at all the frequencies. Thus, the oscillations observed in the presence of the filtering capacity of the device 25 are not due to it.
Dans le mode de réalisation décrit, le dispositif 25 réalise un filtre passe-haut monté en série du blindage de câble coaxial, adapté à limiter l'énergie basse fréquence circulant sur le câble coaxial. Il comporte une capacité d'au moins un nF et une inductance inférieure à un ohm pour la fréquence la plus basse mise en œuvre par le récepteur de signaux d'antenne, ici de 30 MHz. Le dispositif 25 présente ainsi une impédance suffisamment faible dans le domaine de fréquence de l'antenne pour de ne pas introduire un taux d'onde stationnaire indésirable. Le dispositif 25 supporte, en outre, des niveaux de tensions supérieurs à 1 KV. In the embodiment described, the device 25 produces a high-pass filter connected in series with the coaxial cable shield, adapted to limit the low-frequency energy flowing on the coaxial cable. It has a capacity of at least one nF and one inductor less than one ohm for the lowest frequency implemented by the antenna signal receiver, here 30 MHz. The device 25 thus has a sufficiently low impedance in the frequency range of the antenna for not introducing an undesirable stationary wave ratio. The device 25 also supports voltage levels higher than 1 KV.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif (25) de protection contre la foudre d'un récepteur (20) d'antenne (15), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : 1. Device (25) for lightning protection of an antenna receiver (20) (15), characterized in that it comprises:
un blindage (40, 70) d'un câble coaxial (35, 65) relié à l'antenne et un filtre passe-haut monté en série de ce blindage adapté à limiter l'énergie basse fréquence circulant sur ledit câble coaxial, comportant une capacité a shield (40, 70) of a coaxial cable (35, 65) connected to the antenna and a high-pass filter connected in series with this shield adapted to limit the low frequency energy flowing on said coaxial cable, comprising a capacity
(30, 50, 55) d'au moins un nF et une inductance inférieure à un ohm pour la fréquence la plus basse mise en œuvre par ledit récepteur, ladite capacité étant formée d'au moins une couche de matériau conducteur enterrée dans un circuit imprimé. (30, 50, 55) of at least one nF and an inductance lower than one ohm for the lowest frequency implemented by said receiver, said capacitor being formed of at least one layer of conductive material buried in a circuit printed.
2. Dispositif (25) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la capacité (30, 50, 55) est formée par un circuit imprimé (30) comportant deux plans de masse (50, 55) reliés, chacun, à la masse d'un connecteur (80, 85) de câble coaxial (35, 65). 2. Device (25) according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacity (30, 50, 55) is formed by a printed circuit (30) having two ground planes (50, 55) each connected to ground a coaxial cable connector (80, 85) (35, 65).
3. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit imprimé (30) comporte au moins une couche de matériau à forte perméabilité en sandwich entre deux couches de matériau conducteur.  3. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the printed circuit (30) comprises at least one layer of high permeability material sandwiched between two layers of conductive material.
4. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit imprimé (30) comporte plusieurs couches de matériau à forte permittivité en sandwich entre des couches de matériau conducteur, montées en série.  4. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the printed circuit (30) comprises several layers of high permittivity material sandwiched between layers of conductive material, connected in series.
5. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite capacité est intégrée dans un connecteur du câble coaxial.  5. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said capacitance is integrated in a connector of the coaxial cable.
6. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite capacité est intégrée dans ledit câble coaxial.  6. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said capacitance is integrated in said coaxial cable.
7. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la permittivité relative du matériau séparant les armatures de la capacité (30, 50, 55) est supérieure à quatre.  7. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the relative permittivity of the material separating the armatures of the capacitor (30, 50, 55) is greater than four.
8. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la capacité entre ses armatures (50, 55) est supérieure à quatre microns. 8. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the capacitance between its plates (50, 55) is greater than four microns.
9. Dispositif (25) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface des armatures (50, 55) de la capacité est supérieure à un centimètres carrés. 9. Device (25) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the surface of the armatures (50, 55) of the capacity is greater than one square centimeters.
10. Avion (10) comportant au moins une antenne (15) et au moins un dispositif (25) de protection contre la foudre d'un récepteur (20) d'une dite antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9. 10. Aircraft (10) comprising at least one antenna (15) and at least one lightning protection device (25) of a receiver (20) of said antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
EP10779553.6A 2009-11-24 2010-11-22 Device to protect a receiver connected to an antenna from lightning and aeroplane using this device. Active EP2504883B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0958311A FR2953069B1 (en) 2009-11-24 2009-11-24 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE LIGHTNING OF AN ANTENNA RECEIVER AND PLANE COMPRISING THE SAME
PCT/EP2010/067891 WO2011064157A1 (en) 2009-11-24 2010-11-22 Lightning protection device for an antenna receiver, and aircraft comprising same

Publications (2)

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EP2504883A1 true EP2504883A1 (en) 2012-10-03
EP2504883B1 EP2504883B1 (en) 2015-01-07

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EP (1) EP2504883B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102884678B (en)
BR (1) BR112012012501A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2781783A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2535016T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO2011064157A1 (en)

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CA2943587C (en) 2014-03-28 2022-08-02 Bombardier Inc. Lightning protection for aircraft antenna avionics
US9660605B2 (en) 2014-06-12 2017-05-23 Honeywell International Inc. Variable delay line using variable capacitors in a maximally flat time delay filter
US10018716B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2018-07-10 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods for calibration and optimization of frequency modulated continuous wave radar altimeters using adjustable self-interference cancellation
CN104465259B (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-01-04 上海电器陶瓷厂有限公司 A kind of shielding construction of oil-immersed fuse pedestal

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US9941583B2 (en) 2018-04-10
FR2953069A1 (en) 2011-05-27
ES2535016T3 (en) 2015-05-04
US20130033402A1 (en) 2013-02-07
BR112012012501A2 (en) 2016-04-12
CN102884678B (en) 2014-11-26
WO2011064157A1 (en) 2011-06-03
CA2781783A1 (en) 2011-06-03
EP2504883B1 (en) 2015-01-07
FR2953069B1 (en) 2012-03-09
CN102884678A (en) 2013-01-16

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