EP2503529B1 - Method and device for detecting and classifying moving vehicles - Google Patents

Method and device for detecting and classifying moving vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2503529B1
EP2503529B1 EP12151272.7A EP12151272A EP2503529B1 EP 2503529 B1 EP2503529 B1 EP 2503529B1 EP 12151272 A EP12151272 A EP 12151272A EP 2503529 B1 EP2503529 B1 EP 2503529B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
sensor
sensor means
classification
sensor system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP12151272.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2503529A1 (en
Inventor
Volker Isbert
Daniel Arnold
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Thales Deutschland GmbH
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Thales Defence Deutschland GmbH
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Publication of EP2503529A1 publication Critical patent/EP2503529A1/en
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Publication of EP2503529B1 publication Critical patent/EP2503529B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/015Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for distinguishing between two or more types of vehicles, e.g. between motor-cars and cycles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/042Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using inductive or magnetic detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/142Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces external to the vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/143Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces inside the vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting and classifying a moving vehicle, which travels through a measuring range of at least two sensor devices.
  • the subject of the invention is a sensor system which comprises at least two sensor devices for detecting and classifying a vehicle traveling through a measuring range of the at least two sensor devices.
  • the prior art it is known, for example, for the management of parking facilities for motor vehicles in parking lots or resting systems automatically operating sensor systems with only a single sensor type (possibly also several sensor devices of the same type) or for processing only one type of physical measurement use.
  • the sensor devices are usually installed in the area of an entrance and / or exit to the parking lot or rest area.
  • the detection of a vehicle essentially relates to the detection of a vehicle
  • the classification of the vehicle essentially relates to the assignment of the detected vehicle to vehicle classes.
  • classifying the vehicle for example, between passenger cars (cars), trucks (trucks), buses, each with and without trailers, as well as motorcycles, etc. can be distinguished.
  • a method and a device for classifying a vehicle traveling on a roadway is, for example, from DE 10 2009 031 319 A1 known.
  • images of the passing vehicle are detected and processed, wherein a height profile of the vehicle is generated from the images. Based on the height profile, the vehicle is classified.
  • EP 0 357 893 A2 Another method and apparatus for classifying vehicles is known from EP 0 357 893 A2 known.
  • two sensor devices which measure different physical quantities are used.
  • a disadvantage of the known methods or devices is that the classification reliability for the addressed applications is often insufficient. This has the consequence that a reliable statement about free parking on a parking or rest area, especially individual for the various types of vehicles, is not possible, or systems based on the customer (the purchaser of the sensor system for installation in parking). or rest areas) and are not accepted by the end user (the driver, especially the truck driver).
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a way to be able to determine the type or type of moving vehicles with a much higher accuracy and reliability.
  • this object is achieved by a method for classifying a moving through a measuring range of at least two sensor devices vehicle having the features of independent claim 1 and by a corresponding sensor system with the features of the independent claim 6.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the present invention is based on the idea to determine a vehicle based on mutually independent measurement signals.
  • the different measurement signals represent different physical quantities that do not affect each other and are detected by different sensors.
  • the different measurement signals are processed together so that the result signal of this Processing has a higher information content than the individual signals of the various sensors. Based on the result signal, the type or type of vehicle can thus be determined much more reliably and accurately than would be possible via the individual signals.
  • Such a way of evaluating the individual signals is also referred to as sensor data fusion.
  • the present invention combines various mutually independent sensor signals representing different physical quantities in the field of vehicle classification.
  • Certain physical quantities are particularly good under certain environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions and less suitable for vehicle classification under other environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions.
  • Ambient conditions that can influence, for example, the reliability or accuracy of the classification are, for example, weather conditions, in particular outside temperatures, precipitation on the roadway, etc., or contamination of the sensors.
  • Ambient conditions can also be a traffic situation in the measuring field of the sensors, for example a time interval with which several vehicles drive successively through the measuring field, the position of the vehicle relative to the sensors when passing through the measuring field, etc.
  • Vehicle conditions that influence the Accuracy or reliability of the classification may have, for example, the vehicle speed, the material composition of the vehicle, the material distribution of the vehicle, the weight
  • the various sensors or measured variables are preferably selected such that they complement each other under different environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions, ie when the one sensor or the one measured variable gives less good results under certain ambient conditions and / or vehicle conditions, at least one of the other sensors provides better results under these environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions.
  • a reliable and highly accurate classification of moving vehicles can be achieved on the basis of the result of the sensor data fusion regardless of the ambient conditions and / or vehicle conditions.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore based on the idea of making use of the fact that different types of sensor or different physical quantities taken on their own operate more or less well under different environmental conditions or vehicle states and enable a more or less reliable classification of vehicles , For this reason, a plurality of different sensor types, which detect different physical measured variables, are combined with one another in the method or sensor system according to the invention. The different measured variables detected by the individual sensor types are evaluated in correlation with one another in order to increase the reliability of the classification of vehicles.
  • the present invention can be used as part of a traffic and / or parking guidance system.
  • a parking guidance system it is possible to display the number of currently free parking facilities of a parking or rest area before entering the parking or rest area on electrically controllable scoreboards. This can be prevented that vehicles drive unnecessarily the parking or rest area. This can prevent traffic jams and speed up the flow of traffic.
  • the driver looking for parking space saves time and can immediately go to a free parking or rest area. This is particularly advantageous for truck drivers or bus drivers who need to take a break at statutory intervals.
  • the present invention is used.
  • each measurement be performed by at least one separate sensor device.
  • the sensor devices are part of a sensor system. For example, they can be embedded in the roadway, arranged laterally on the roadway and / or above the roadway.
  • the sensor devices have a detection range dependent on the sensor type and on the specific design of the sensor.
  • certain measuring ranges of the sensors result.
  • the measuring ranges of the individual sensors can be arranged separately from one another, or else they overlap completely or partially. Accordingly, the measurement signals of the various sensors can be detected offset in time from one another or simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously.
  • the sensor devices used are, in particular, non-contact sensors. When positioning the various sensor devices of the sensor system, care should be taken that there is no interference or interference between the sensors.
  • one of the Sensor means comprises an induction loop of an induction loop detector.
  • the induction loop forms an inductance of an electrical resonant circuit, so that a frequency of the electrical resonant circuit can be determined during passage of the induction loop through the vehicle.
  • the respectively current values of the frequency are detected at a plurality of successive points in time, so that a characteristic frequency curve results during the passage of the vehicle.
  • the induction loop becomes a coil whose inductance together with a capacitor provided in the induction loop detector forms the electrical oscillation circuit having a fixed resonance frequency.
  • the induction loop detector is an active sensor device. Due to the induction loop, a magnetic field is created during current flow, which also acts in the measuring range above the roadway. If a vehicle penetrates the magnetic field when passing through the measuring range, this also alters, among other things, the inductance of the induction loop, which leads to a resonance frequency change of the induction loop Resonant circuit leads.
  • the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit thus corresponds to a first physical quantity, which is used according to the invention for the classification of a vehicle.
  • the frequency response of the resonant circuit is correspondingly changed characteristically.
  • the frequency response may be affected by the size or dimensions of the vehicle, by the weight or contour of the vehicle, and by the materials or vehicle characteristics used for the vehicle.
  • a second sensor device which comprises a magnetic field sensor.
  • a magnetic field strength is determined during the passage of the magnetic field sensor through the vehicle.
  • the respective current values of the magnetic field strength are detected at a plurality of successive points in time, so that a characteristic magnetic field strength course results during the passage of the vehicle.
  • the passing vehicle is classified.
  • the evaluation can be done while passing the Vehicle on the magnetic field sensor or at a later date.
  • the magnetic field strength is preferably the earth's magnetic field strength.
  • the second measured physical variable can therefore be formed by the magnetic field strength, in particular the geomagnetic field strength.
  • the magnetic field sensor is a passive sensor device, for example in the form of a Hall sensor.
  • the various sensor devices are connected to a common computer system, for example via a communications network.
  • the individual sensor signals can then be transmitted via the network to the computer system, which can process and evaluate signals of the sensor devices centrally.
  • the communication network and the computer system are also part of the sensor system.
  • the communication network can be wired or wireless, eg. Via radio, be realized.
  • the transmission of the sensor signals to the computer system can take place according to any protocol.
  • the signal transmission takes place via a wireless Ethernet connection.
  • the at least two independent measuring signals of the at least two different physical quantities are merged with each other suitably combined and determined by evaluating the combined result signal, a resulting classification result.
  • the course of the measurement signals of the induction loop detector and the course of the earth's magnetic field strength are brought together. It is of course possible to determine other or additional physical quantities via other or further sensor devices. By additional sensors and the evaluation (correlation) of additional, independent of the other sensor signals sensor signals even greater accuracy and reliability of the classification of moving vehicles can be achieved.
  • the sound emission is analyzed, which is caused by a vehicle passing through the measuring range, and from the sound emission or the emission curve is closed taking into account further, different types of sensor signals on a particular vehicle.
  • harmonics of the sound generated by the moving vehicle can be analyzed by a so-called sound analyzer.
  • one of the sensor devices to comprise a video camera which determines, for example, a contour and / or a height profile of the vehicle traveling through the measuring range, it then being possible to deduce a specific vehicle type from the video signal taking into account further, different types of sensor signals.
  • Each other Sensor device whose sensor signal of different types of vehicle reacts in a characteristic manner, may be part of the sensor system according to the invention and can thus be used in the method according to the invention.
  • the sensor system it is furthermore possible for the sensor system to have means for outputting a classification result and / or means for transmitting the classification result to other electronic devices.
  • a current number of free parking spaces can be determined on a parking or rest area for different types of vehicles.
  • This information can be communicated to a driver of a vehicle prior to starting the parking or rest area by means of a suitable optical or acoustic output device, for example on a display panel.
  • An acoustic indication to the driver is also conceivable, for example. From outside the vehicle or via a provided in the vehicle radio or radio.
  • the information relating to the current number of free parking spaces for the various types of vehicles can be transmitted to a traffic control center and transmitted from there to radios and / or navigation devices. This will alert the driver to the current number of available parking spaces at a particular parking or rest area.
  • a navigation system could even be automatic or calculate a new route on the driver's command to drive to an alternate parking or rest area.
  • a direct wireless connection eg by means of BlueTooth
  • any other electronic receivers for example, to a smartphone
  • FIG. 1 12 shows a motor vehicle (car), a truck (truck), a bus, a delivery truck, a mobile home, a motor vehicle or any other vehicle with and without a trailer and possibly be with any structure.
  • the roadway 14 preferably represents an entrance or an exit to a parking area of a parking or rest area 45 on a highway or expressway with a certain number of marked parking areas provided there whose occupancy state is to be detected or monitored (cf. FIG. 3 ).
  • the lane 14 could also represent a normal road or highway, for example, to be detected or monitored traffic.
  • the aim of the invention is to detect on the lane 14 within a predetermined measuring range 18 moving vehicles 12 and to classify with the highest possible reliability and accuracy for vehicle types (trucks, passenger cars, buses, motorcycles, etc.).
  • sensor devices 16 are embedded in the roadway 14 in such a way that, when driving on the roadway 14, they must necessarily be traversed or passed by the vehicle 12. This means that in a multi-lane roadway 14 in each lane, the sensor devices 16 are recessed (not shown). Of course, the sensor devices 16 may alternatively or additionally also laterally on the roadway 14 and / or above the roadway 14th be arranged. The sensor devices 16 have a detection range dependent on a sensor type and on the specific configuration of the sensor device 16. Depending on the arrangement of the sensor devices 16 relative to the roadway 14 on which the vehicle 12 to be classified travels, certain measuring ranges 18 of the sensor devices 16 result. The measuring ranges 18 of the individual sensor devices 16 can be arranged separately from one another, but they can also be wholly or partly overlap. The sensor devices 16 used preferably operate without contact.
  • two differently configured sensor devices 16 of a sensor system 26 which detect different physical quantities.
  • an induction loop 20 of an induction loop detector 27 (see. FIG. 2 ) and a magnetic field sensor 22, wherein the measuring range 18 of the sensor system 26 is defined by the arrangement of the two sensor devices 16 in the lane 16 and their detection ranges.
  • the induction loop 20 and the magnetic field sensor 22 are in FIG. 1 only symbolically represented.
  • further sensor devices 16 such as a so-called.
  • Sound Analyzer sound or microphone with frequency-selective filtering
  • a video camera in particular determines a contour and / or a height profile of the vehicle 12 traveling through the measuring area 18.
  • the first sensor device 16 is in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2 as an active sensor device 16, and as at least one induction loop detector 27 is formed.
  • the measurement signals of the detector 27 change so that the contour and / or the nature of the passing vehicle 12 results in a signal characteristic characteristic of the vehicle type during the passage of the vehicle 12.
  • the second sensor device 16 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a passive sensor device 16, and as at least one magnetic field sensor 22, which may be realized for example as a Hall sensor.
  • a change in a magnetic field strength preferably the geomagnetic field strength
  • current values of the magnetic field strength are preferably detected at several successive times, so that the shape and / or the nature of the passing vehicle 12 results in a characteristic of the magnetic field strength during passage of the vehicle 12 that is characteristic of the vehicle type.
  • the sensor types 22, 27 mentioned by way of example have different reliabilities in the classification of passing vehicles under different environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a complete sensor system 26 for carrying out the method for classifying moving vehicles 12.
  • An application of the method according to the invention is a determination of free parking spaces per type of vehicle on a parking lot (cf. FIG. 3 ).
  • the method can also be used, for example, to monitor roads or highways by vehicle type.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example four magnetic field sensors 22 and four induction loop detectors 27, wherein in each case a single magnetic field sensor 22 and a single induction loop detector 27 are combined to form a functional set 28.
  • a set of functions 28 may also include a plurality of sensors 16 of the same type.
  • At least one set of functions 28 in the lane 14 is installed in each entrance 41 and in each exit 42 of the parking area 43.
  • two of the four functional sets 28 may be installed in each case in an entrance 41 of the parking area 43 and the remaining two functional sets 28 in each case in an exit 42 of the parking area 43.
  • Another distribution and / or number of function sets 28 is of course also possible depending on the application.
  • Each function set 28 is connected via a communication network 30, for example via a local area network (LAN), for example an Ethernet network, and / or a wide area network (WAN), for example the Internet, to a computer system 32, which serves as an evaluation device for the signals generated by the induction loop detectors 27 and the magnetic field sensors 22 serves.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • the computer system 32 essentially comprises a server 34 with a database 36 connected thereto or integrated therein.
  • the server 34 can have an interface to a further network 38 for transmitting data, for example to a higher traffic control center, which transmits them via corresponding transmission channels, eg. TMC, GSM or UMTS, to car radios, navigation devices or any other mobile devices transmits.
  • TMC Transmission Control Center
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS transmission channels
  • each function set 28 is assigned its own evaluation unit, for example in the form of a computer system 32 or a server 34.
  • Executable on the computer system 32 is a computer program programmed to carry out the method according to the invention for detecting and classifying moving vehicles 12.
  • the method works for the preferred embodiment as follows: When driving on the entrance 41 or the exit 42 of the parking area 43 by the vehicle 12, on the one hand, changes in the measurement signals of the induction loop detector 27 and, on the other hand, changes in the measured magnetic field strength are produced in the magnetic field sensor 22 when passing the corresponding function set 28 , While passing the function set 28 through the vehicle 12, the corresponding waveforms are transmitted to the computer system 32 via the communication network 30. An identification of the each active function set 28 (in which entrance 41 or exit 42 of the function set 28 is installed) is also transmitted.
  • the mere change of the substantially constant signal curves without passing vehicle 12 indicates the passage of the measuring area 18 through a vehicle 12, that is, the detection of a vehicle 12. Together with the information regarding the arrangement of the function set 28 can then be determined by the computer system 32, via which entrance 41 or exit 42 a vehicle 12 is driven.
  • the signal profiles of the sensors 22, 27 are evaluated by the computer system 32 in the manner of a sensor fusion, in particular by correlation of the signal profiles of the individual sensor types 22, 27.
  • the merged result waveform is then analyzed in the computer system 32. This can be realized, for example, by comparing typical features of the combined signal course with signal pattern patterns typical of certain vehicle types.
  • the typical waveform patterns may be stored in the database 36, for example. Based on the Result waveform, the vehicle can thus be determined much more reliable and accurate than would be possible on the individual signals, since this is a merging and combining complementary single measurements. In particular, the influences of environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions on the reliability of the classification can be largely eliminated.
  • the individual signals can also be combined, combined or linked in any other way. It is conceivable, for example, to determine the speed of the passing vehicle 12 and to use the signal course of the one or the other sensor 22, 27 as a function of the ascertained speed. Furthermore, it would be conceivable to realize a multi-level classification of the vehicles 12, in which by means of at least one first type of sensor first a rough classification takes place (eg in trucks, buses or cars, motorcycles) and then using at least a second type of sensor taking into account the result of Rough classification takes a fine classification.
  • a first type of sensor first a rough classification takes place (eg in trucks, buses or cars, motorcycles) and then using at least a second type of sensor taking into account the result of Rough classification takes a fine classification.
  • the vehicle type of the function set 28 passing vehicle 12 is determined, ie, the vehicle 12 classified, it can in the embodiment of FIG. 3 where the method is implemented as part of a parking guidance system on a parking area 43 of a refueling and rest area 45, then the number of free parking spaces in the parking area 43 for the different types of vehicles (eg trucks, cars and others) are determined.
  • the maximum possible number of parking spaces per vehicle type for example, must be stored in the database 36. From the number of maximum available parking spaces for a particular vehicle type minus the number of driven over the entrance 41 to the parking lot 43 vehicles 12 of the vehicle type and plus the exit 42 from the parking lot 43 worn vehicles 12 of the vehicle type can for this vehicle type the number the available parking spaces are determined.
  • the current occupancy level of a parking area 43 for at least one vehicle type can, for example, be forwarded to a service facility 40. So it is for example possible that in good time before the entrance to the park area 43 the passing traffic of the occupancy level for at least one vehicle type, for example on a display panel 44 visually displayed or a in the passing vehicles provided radio, radio, navigation device or other mobile device can be communicated acoustically and / or visually.
  • the communication between the service device 40 and the mobile terminals of the passing traffic vehicles may, for example, via BlueTooth or another radio transmission protocol.
  • the information regarding the current occupancy state of a parking or rest area 45 for the various types of vehicles can be transmitted to a traffic control center and from there to radios, navigation devices or other mobile devices are transmitted, for example.
  • TMC or a mobile protocol (eg GSM or UMTS)
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS Mobile Broadband Mobile communications
  • the occupancy level of the parking spaces per vehicle type can also be stored in the database 36 in order, for example, to plan corresponding long-term reconstruction measures for the parking area 43, whereby more parking spaces for a particularly frequented vehicle type can be set up. Accordingly, the occupancy level of the parking area 43 can thus be logged over a longer period of time to use this information for long-term transport planning.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erfassen und Klassifizieren eines fahrenden Fahrzeugs, das durch einen Messbereich mindestens zweier Sensoreinrichtungen fährt. Außerdem ist Gegenstand der Erfindung ein Sensor-System, das mindestens zwei Sensoreinrichtungen zum Erfassen und Klassifizieren eines durch einen Messbereich der mindestens zwei Sensoreinrichtungen fahrenden Fahrzeugs umfasst.The present invention relates to a method for detecting and classifying a moving vehicle, which travels through a measuring range of at least two sensor devices. In addition, the subject of the invention is a sensor system which comprises at least two sensor devices for detecting and classifying a vehicle traveling through a measuring range of the at least two sensor devices.

Der Straßenverkehr sowie das öffentliche Leben stellen neue Anforderungen an die Art, die Wirkung und den Informationsgehalt von Verkehrsanlagen bzw. -einrichtungen. Zur Bewältigung des permanent steigenden Verkehrsaufkommens Inner- und Außerorts werden heute elektrotechnisch gesteuerte Systeme zur Verkehrsbeeinflussung (Verkehrsmanagement) eingesetzt. Das sind Systeme zur Bevorzugung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs, Wechselwegweisungs- und Gefahrenwarnanlagen für Autobahnen, Parkleitsysteme und Parkraumbewirtschaftungskonzepte. Diese Systeme benötigen, entsprechend ihrer Aufgabenstellen genaue Daten z.B. über Fahrzeugtyp, Fahrzeuglänge, Bewegungsrichtung, Geschwindigkeit, etc. Einzelsensoren, wie z.B. Induktionsschleifen, Radar- oder Videodetektoren, und die Verarbeitung einzelner physikalischer Messgrößen dieser Sensoren sind häufig nicht ausreichend, die geforderte Genauigkeit unter allen vorkommenden Umwelt- und Verkehrsbedingungen zu liefern, bzw. zum Erreichen der Genauigkeit sind zu starke Beschränkungen für den fließenden Verkehr erforderlich.Road traffic and public life make new demands on the type, the impact and the Information content of traffic installations or facilities. To cope with the permanently increasing volume of traffic in and out of town, electrotechnically controlled traffic management systems are being used today. These are systems for the preference of the local public transport, change direction and danger warning systems for highways, parking guidance systems and parking space management concepts. These systems require, according to their tasks exact data eg on vehicle type, vehicle length, direction of movement, speed, etc. Single sensors, such as induction loops, radar or video detectors, and the processing of individual physical measurements of these sensors are often not sufficient, the required accuracy among all To meet existing environmental and traffic conditions, or to achieve the accuracy of excessive traffic restrictions are required.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bspw. bekannt, zur Verwaltung von Parkmöglichkeiten für Kraftfahrzeuge auf Parkplätzen oder Rastanlagen automatisch arbeitende Sensor-Systeme mit lediglich einem einzigen Sensortyp (ggf. auch mehrere Sensoreinrichtungen desselben Typs) bzw. zur Verarbeitung lediglich eines Typs einer physikalischen Messgröße einzusetzen. Dazu sind die Sensoreinrichtungen üblicherweise im Bereich einer Einfahrt und/oder Ausfahrt zu dem Parkplatz oder Rastplatz installiert. Das Erfassen eines Fahrzeugs betrifft im wesentlichen das Detektieren eines Fahrzeugs, das Klassifizieren des Fahrzeugs betrifft im Wesentlichen die Zuordnung des detektierten Fahrzeugs zu Fahrzeugklassen. Beim Klassifizieren des Fahrzeugs kann beispielsweise zwischen Personenkraftwagen (Pkw), Lastkraftwagen (Lkw), Bussen, jeweils mit und ohne Anhänger, sowie Motorrädern, etc. unterschieden werden. So kann zum Beispiel auf einem Park- oder Rastplatz auf Grundlage der vorhandenen maximalen Anzahl freier Parkmöglichkeiten und unter Berücksichtung der auf den Park- oder Rastplatz fahrenden Fahrzeuge eines bestimmten Typs und der von dem Park- oder Rastplatz abfahrenden Fahrzeuge eines bestimmten Typs für jeden Fahrzeugtyp die Anzahl aktuell freier Parkmöglichkeiten ermittelt werden.
Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Klassifizieren eines auf einer Fahrbahn fahrenden Fahrzeugs ist bspw. aus der DE 10 2009 031 319 A1 bekannt. Dabei werden mittels einer oberhalb der Fahrbahn installierten Kamera Bilder des vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeugs erfasst und verarbeitet, wobei aus den Bildern ein Höhenprofil des Fahrzeugs erzeugt wird. Anhand des Höhenprofils wird das Fahrzeug klassifiziert.
From the prior art, it is known, for example, for the management of parking facilities for motor vehicles in parking lots or resting systems automatically operating sensor systems with only a single sensor type (possibly also several sensor devices of the same type) or for processing only one type of physical measurement use. For this purpose, the sensor devices are usually installed in the area of an entrance and / or exit to the parking lot or rest area. The detection of a vehicle essentially relates to the detection of a vehicle, the classification of the vehicle essentially relates to the assignment of the detected vehicle to vehicle classes. When classifying the vehicle, for example, between passenger cars (cars), trucks (trucks), buses, each with and without trailers, as well as motorcycles, etc. can be distinguished. For example, in a parking or rest area based on the existing maximum number of free parking facilities and taking into account the driving on the parking or rest area vehicles of a certain type and departing from the parking or rest area vehicles of a certain type for each vehicle type Number of currently available parking spaces can be determined.
A method and a device for classifying a vehicle traveling on a roadway is, for example, from DE 10 2009 031 319 A1 known. In this case, by means of a camera installed above the roadway, images of the passing vehicle are detected and processed, wherein a height profile of the vehicle is generated from the images. Based on the height profile, the vehicle is classified.

Ein weiteres Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Klassifizieren von Fahrzeugen ist aus der EP 0 357 893 A2 bekannt. Dabei werden entsprechend der Präambel der unabhängigen Ansprüche zwei Sensoreinrichtungen, die unterschiedliche physikalische Größen messen, verwendet.
Parkraumbewirtschaftung aus der EP 1 361 555 A2 bekannt, bei dem zum Klassifizieren der beteiligten Fahrzeuge Magnetfeld-Verkehrssensoren zum Einsatz kommen.
Another method and apparatus for classifying vehicles is known from EP 0 357 893 A2 known. In this case, according to the preamble of the independent claims, two sensor devices which measure different physical quantities are used.
Parking space management from the EP 1 361 555 A2 in which magnetic field traffic sensors are used to classify the vehicles involved.

Weiterhin sind aus dem Stand der Technik Verfahren bekannt, bei denen zum Beispiel mit Hilfe einer in der Fahrbahn eingelassenen Induktionsschleife darüber fahrende Fahrzeuge erfasst und klassifiziert werden.Furthermore, methods are known from the prior art in which, for example with the aid of an induction loop embedded in the roadway, moving vehicles are detected and classified.

Nachteilig bei den bekannten Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtungen ist, dass die Klassifizierungszuverlässigkeit für die angesprochenen Anwendungen häufig nicht ausreicht. Das hat zur Folge, dass eine zuverlässige Aussage über freie Parkmöglichkeiten auf einem Park- oder Rastplatz, insbesondere individuelle für die verschiedenen Fahrzeugarten, nicht möglich ist, bzw. hierauf aufbauende Systeme vom Kunden (dem Erwerber des Sensor-Systems für den Einbau in Park- oder Rastplätzen) und vom Endbenutzer (dem Fahrzeugführer, insbesondere dem Lkw-Fahrer) nicht akzeptiert werden.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, die Art bzw. den Typ von fahrenden Fahrzeugen mit einer deutlich höheren Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit bestimmen zu können.
A disadvantage of the known methods or devices is that the classification reliability for the addressed applications is often insufficient. This has the consequence that a reliable statement about free parking on a parking or rest area, especially individual for the various types of vehicles, is not possible, or systems based on the customer (the purchaser of the sensor system for installation in parking). or rest areas) and are not accepted by the end user (the driver, especially the truck driver).
The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a way to be able to determine the type or type of moving vehicles with a much higher accuracy and reliability.

Ausgehend von dem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Klassifizieren eines durch einen Messbereich mindestens zweier Sensoreinrichtungen fahrenden Fahrzeugs mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 sowie durch eine entsprechendes Sensor-System mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 6 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Based on the method of the type mentioned above, this object is achieved by a method for classifying a moving through a measuring range of at least two sensor devices vehicle having the features of independent claim 1 and by a corresponding sensor system with the features of the independent claim 6. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Idee zu Grunde, ein Fahrzeug anhand von voneinander unabhängigen Messsignalen zu ermitteln. Vorzugsweise repräsentieren die verschiedenen Messsignale verschiedene physikalische Größen, die sich gegenseitig nicht beeinflussen, und werden von verschiedenen Sensoren erfasst. Die verschiedenen Messsignale werden miteinander verarbeitet, so dass das Ergebnis-Signal dieser Verarbeitung einen höheren Informationsgehalt hat als die Einzel-Signale der verschiedenen Sensoren. Anhand des Ergebnis-Signals kann die Art oder der Typ des Fahrzeugs somit wesentlich zuverlässiger und genauer ermittelt werden als dies über die Einzel-Signale möglich wäre. Eine solche Art der Auswertung der Einzel-Signale bezeichnet man auch als Sensordatenfusion. Die vorliegende Erfindung kombiniert erstmals verschiedene voneinander unabhängige Sensorsignale, die unterschiedliche physikalische Größen repräsentieren, miteinander im Anwendungsfeld der Fahrzeugklassifikation.The present invention is based on the idea to determine a vehicle based on mutually independent measurement signals. Preferably, the different measurement signals represent different physical quantities that do not affect each other and are detected by different sensors. The different measurement signals are processed together so that the result signal of this Processing has a higher information content than the individual signals of the various sensors. Based on the result signal, the type or type of vehicle can thus be determined much more reliably and accurately than would be possible via the individual signals. Such a way of evaluating the individual signals is also referred to as sensor data fusion. For the first time, the present invention combines various mutually independent sensor signals representing different physical quantities in the field of vehicle classification.

Bestimmte physikalische Größen sind unter bestimmten Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen besonders gut und bei anderen Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen weniger gut zur Fahrzeugklassifikation geeignet. Umgebungsbedingungen, die bspw. die Zuverlässigkeit bzw. Genauigkeit der Klassifizierung beeinflussen können sind bspw. Wetterbedingungen, insbesondere Außentemperaturen, Niederschlag auf der Fahrbahn etc., oder eine Verschmutzung der Sensoren. Umgebungsbedingungen können aber auch eine Verkehrssituation in dem Messfeld der Sensoren sein, bspw. ein zeitlicher Abstand, mit dem mehrere Fahrzeuge nacheinander durch das Messfeld fahren, die Position des Fahrzeugs relativ zu den Sensoren beim Durchfahren des Messfelds, etc. Fahrzeugzustände, die Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit oder die Zuverlässigkeit der Klassifizierung haben können sind bspw. die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, die Materialzusammensetzung des Fahrzeugs, die Materialverteilung des Fahrzeugs, das Gewicht des Fahrzeugs, etc. Die verschiedenen Sensoren bzw. Messgrößen werden vorzugsweise derart gewählt, dass sie sich bei unterschiedlichen Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen ergänzen, d.h. wenn der eine Sensor bzw. die eine Messgröße unter bestimmten Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen weniger gute Ergebnisse liefert, zumindest einer der anderen Sensoren bei diesen Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen bessere Ergebnisse liefert. Dadurch kann anhand des Ergebnisses der Sensordatenfusion unabhängig von den Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen eine zuverlässige und hochgenaue Klassifizierung von fahrenden Fahrzeugen erreicht werden.Certain physical quantities are particularly good under certain environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions and less suitable for vehicle classification under other environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions. Ambient conditions that can influence, for example, the reliability or accuracy of the classification are, for example, weather conditions, in particular outside temperatures, precipitation on the roadway, etc., or contamination of the sensors. Ambient conditions can also be a traffic situation in the measuring field of the sensors, for example a time interval with which several vehicles drive successively through the measuring field, the position of the vehicle relative to the sensors when passing through the measuring field, etc. Vehicle conditions that influence the Accuracy or reliability of the classification may have, for example, the vehicle speed, the material composition of the vehicle, the material distribution of the vehicle, the weight The various sensors or measured variables are preferably selected such that they complement each other under different environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions, ie when the one sensor or the one measured variable gives less good results under certain ambient conditions and / or vehicle conditions, at least one of the other sensors provides better results under these environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions. As a result, a reliable and highly accurate classification of moving vehicles can be achieved on the basis of the result of the sensor data fusion regardless of the ambient conditions and / or vehicle conditions.

Dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren liegt daher die Idee zu Grunde, sich die Tatsache zunutze zu machen, dass verschiedene Sensortypen bzw. unterschiedliche physikalische Größen für sich alleine betrachtet unter unterschiedlichen Umgebungsbedingungen bzw. Fahrzeugzuständen mehr oder weniger gut arbeiten und eine mehr oder weniger zuverlässige Klassifizierung von Fahrzeugen ermöglichen. Aus diesem Grund werden in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. Sensor-System mehrere unterschiedliche Sensortypen, die unterschiedliche physikalische Messgrößen erfassen, miteinander kombiniert. Die von den einzelnen Sensorentypen erfassten unterschiedlichen Messgrößen werden in Korrelation zueinander ausgewertet, um so die Zuverlässigkeit der Klassifizierung von Fahrzeugen zu erhöhen.The method according to the invention is therefore based on the idea of making use of the fact that different types of sensor or different physical quantities taken on their own operate more or less well under different environmental conditions or vehicle states and enable a more or less reliable classification of vehicles , For this reason, a plurality of different sensor types, which detect different physical measured variables, are combined with one another in the method or sensor system according to the invention. The different measured variables detected by the individual sensor types are evaluated in correlation with one another in order to increase the reliability of the classification of vehicles.

Die vorliegende Erfindung kann als Bestandteil eines Verkehrs- und/oder Parkleitsystems eingesetzt werden. Bei einem Einsatz im Rahmen eines Parkleitsystems besteht die Möglichkeit, die Anzahl der aktuell freien Parkmöglichkeiten eines Park- oder Rastplatzes bereits vor der Einfahrt zu dem Park- oder Rastplatz auf elektrisch ansteuerbaren Anzeigetafeln anzuzeigen. Damit kann verhindert werden, dass Kraftfahrzeuge unnötigerweise den Park- oder Rastplatz befahren. Dadurch können Staus verhindert werden und der Verkehrsfluss wird beschleunigt. Zudem spart der parkplatzsuchende Fahrer Zeit und kann unmittelbar einen freien Park- oder Rastplatz aufsuchen. Besonders für LKW-Fahrer oder Bus-Fahrer, die in gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Zeitabständen eine Fahrpause einlegen müssen, ist dies von besonderem Vorteil.The present invention can be used as part of a traffic and / or parking guidance system. When used in the context of a parking guidance system, it is possible to display the number of currently free parking facilities of a parking or rest area before entering the parking or rest area on electrically controllable scoreboards. This can be prevented that vehicles drive unnecessarily the parking or rest area. This can prevent traffic jams and speed up the flow of traffic. In addition, the driver looking for parking space saves time and can immediately go to a free parking or rest area. This is particularly advantageous for truck drivers or bus drivers who need to take a break at statutory intervals.

Selbstverständlich kann die vorliegende Erfindung aber nicht nur für Kraftfahrzeug, sondern auch für beliebig andere Fahrzeuge, insbesondere aus dem Bereich des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV), eingesetzt werden. So wäre es bspw. denkbar, mit der vorliegenden Erfindung, Schienenfahrzeuge zu klassifizieren und in Abhängigkeit vom ermittelten Fahrzeugtyp eine Weiche entsprechend zu stellen, um das Schienenfahrzeug auf ein gewünschtes Gleis zu lenken. Ferner wäre es denkbar, mit der vorliegenden Erfindung auf einer Rollbahn oder dem Vorfeld eines Flughafens fahrende Flugzeuge zu klassifizieren und ihnen mittels eines elektronischen Wegleitsystems geeignete Taxipositionen bzw. Startplätze zuzuweisen oder ihnen in Abhängigkeit vom ermittelten Flugzeugtyp geeignete Wege dorthin anzuzeigen. Selbst Wasserfahrzeuge könnten mit der Erfindung besonders zuverlässig und genau klassifiziert werden.Of course, the present invention, however, not only for motor vehicles, but also for any other vehicles, especially in the field of public transport (public transport), are used. Thus, it would be conceivable, for example, to classify rail vehicles with the present invention and to provide a switch in accordance with the determined vehicle type in order to steer the rail vehicle to a desired track. Furthermore, it would be conceivable to classify airplanes traveling on a runway or the apron of an airport with the present invention and to assign suitable taxi positions or starting positions to them by means of an electronic route guidance system or in dependence on them determined type of aircraft there to indicate appropriate ways. Even watercraft could be classified with the invention particularly reliable and accurate.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass jede Messung von mindestens einer separaten Sensoreinrichtung ausgeführt wird. Die Sensoreinrichtungen sind Teil eines Sensor-Systems. Sie können zum Beispiel in die Fahrbahn eingelassen sein, seitlich an der Fahrbahn und/oder oberhalb der Fahrbahn angeordnet sein. Die Sensoreinrichtungen haben einen vom Sensortyp und von der konkreten Ausgestaltung des Sensors abhängigen Erfassungsbereich. Je nach Anordnung der Sensoreinrichtungen relativ zur Fahrbahn, auf der das zu klassifizierende Fahrzeug fährt, ergeben sich bestimmte Messbereiche der Sensoren. Die Messbereiche der einzelnen Sensoren können getrennt voneinander angeordnet sein, oder aber sie überlappen sich ganz oder teilweise. Dementsprechend können die Messsignale der verschiedenen Sensoren zeitlich versetzt zueinander oder gleichzeitig bzw. quasi--gleichzeitig erfasst werden. Bei den verwendeten Sensoreinrichtungen handelt es sich insbesondere um berührungslos arbeitende Sensoren. Bei der Positionierung der verschiedenen Sensoreinrichtungen des Sensor-Systems sollte darauf geachtet werden, dass es keine Interferenzen oder Störungen der Sensoren untereinander gibt.According to the present invention, it is proposed that each measurement be performed by at least one separate sensor device. The sensor devices are part of a sensor system. For example, they can be embedded in the roadway, arranged laterally on the roadway and / or above the roadway. The sensor devices have a detection range dependent on the sensor type and on the specific design of the sensor. Depending on the arrangement of the sensor devices relative to the roadway on which the vehicle to be classified travels, certain measuring ranges of the sensors result. The measuring ranges of the individual sensors can be arranged separately from one another, or else they overlap completely or partially. Accordingly, the measurement signals of the various sensors can be detected offset in time from one another or simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously. The sensor devices used are, in particular, non-contact sensors. When positioning the various sensor devices of the sensor system, care should be taken that there is no interference or interference between the sensors.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass eine der Sensoreinrichtungen eine Induktionsschleife eines Induktionsschleifendetektors umfasst. Vorzugsweise bildet die Induktionsschleife eine Induktivität eines elektrischen Schwingkreises, so dass während eines Passierens der Induktionsschleife durch das Fahrzeug eine Frequenz des elektrischen Schwingkreises ermittelt werden kann. Vorzugsweise werden zu mehreren aufeinander folgenden Zeitpunkten die jeweils aktuellen Werte der Frequenz erfasst, so dass sich ein charakteristischer Frequenzverlauf während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs ergibt. Durch Auswerten von während verschiedener Zeitpunkte gemessenen Frequenzen, insbesondere durch Auswerten eines Frequenzverlaufs, wird das passierende Fahrzeug klassifiziert. Das Auswerten kann während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs an der Induktionsschleife oder zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgen.According to the present invention, it is proposed that one of the Sensor means comprises an induction loop of an induction loop detector. Preferably, the induction loop forms an inductance of an electrical resonant circuit, so that a frequency of the electrical resonant circuit can be determined during passage of the induction loop through the vehicle. Preferably, the respectively current values of the frequency are detected at a plurality of successive points in time, so that a characteristic frequency curve results during the passage of the vehicle. By evaluating frequencies measured at different times, in particular by evaluating a frequency curve, the passing vehicle is classified. The evaluation can be done while passing the vehicle at the induction loop or at a later time.

Bei der beschriebenen Ausführungsform wird die Induktionsschleife als eine Spule, deren Induktivität zusammen mit einem in dem Induktionsschleifendetektor vorgesehenen Kondensator den elektrischen Schwingkreis bildet, der eine festgelegte Resonanzfrequenz aufweist. Bei dem Induktionsschleifendetektor handelt es sich um eine aktive Sensoreinrichtung. Durch die Induktionsschleife wird bei Stromfluss ein magnetisches Feld aufbaut, das auch oberhalb der Fahrbahn im Messbereich wirkt. Durchdringt ein Fahrzeug beim Durchfahren des Messbereichs das magnetische Feld, so ändert sich dadurch unter anderem auch die Induktivität der Induktionsschleife, was zu einer Resonanzfrequenzänderung des Schwingkreises führt. Die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises entspricht also einer ersten physikalischen Größe, die erfindungsgemäß zur Klassifizierung eines Fahrzeugs herangezogen wird. Je nach Art oder Typ des die Induktionsschleife passierenden Fahrzeugs wird der Frequenzverlauf des Schwingkreises entsprechend charakteristisch verändert. Der Frequenzverlauf kann bspw. durch die Größe oder die Abmessungen des Fahrzeugs, durch das Gewicht oder die Kontur des Fahrzeugs sowie durch die für das Fahrzeug verwendeten Materialien bzw. einer Fahrzeugbeschaffenheit beeinflusst werden.
Zusätzlich wird im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mindestens eine zweite Messung einer von der ersten physikalischen Größe unabhängigen zweiten physikalischen Größe mit einer zweiten Sensoreinrichtung vorgenommen, die einen Magnetfeldsensor umfasst. Vorzugsweise wird während des Passierens des Magnetfeldsensors durch das Fahrzeug eine Magnetfeldstärke ermittelt. Vorzugsweise werden zu mehreren aufeinander folgenden Zeitpunkten die jeweils aktuellen Werte der Magnetfeldstärke erfasst, so dass sich ein charakteristischer Magnetfeldstärkeverlauf während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs ergibt. Durch Auswerten von zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten gemessenen Magnetfeldstärkewerten, insbesondere durch Auswerten des Magnetfeldstärkeverlaufs wird das passierende Fahrzeug klassifiziert. Das Auswerten kann während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs an dem Magnetfeldsensor oder zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgen. Als Magnetfeldstärke wird vorzugsweise die Erdmagnetfeldstärke herangezogen. Auch hier wird je nach Art bzw. Typ des den Magnetfeldsensor passierenden Fahrzeugs der Verlauf der Magnetfeldstärke entsprechend charakteristisch verändert. Die zweite gemessene physikalische Größe kann also durch die Magnetfeldstärke, insbesondere die Erdmagnetfeldstärke gebildet sein. Der Magnetfeldsensor ist eine passive Sensoreinrichtung, zum Beispiel in Form eines Hall-Sensors.
In the described embodiment, the induction loop becomes a coil whose inductance together with a capacitor provided in the induction loop detector forms the electrical oscillation circuit having a fixed resonance frequency. The induction loop detector is an active sensor device. Due to the induction loop, a magnetic field is created during current flow, which also acts in the measuring range above the roadway. If a vehicle penetrates the magnetic field when passing through the measuring range, this also alters, among other things, the inductance of the induction loop, which leads to a resonance frequency change of the induction loop Resonant circuit leads. The resonant frequency of the resonant circuit thus corresponds to a first physical quantity, which is used according to the invention for the classification of a vehicle. Depending on the type or type of the vehicle passing the induction loop, the frequency response of the resonant circuit is correspondingly changed characteristically. For example, the frequency response may be affected by the size or dimensions of the vehicle, by the weight or contour of the vehicle, and by the materials or vehicle characteristics used for the vehicle.
In addition, in the method according to the invention, at least one second measurement of a second physical variable independent of the first physical variable is performed with a second sensor device, which comprises a magnetic field sensor. Preferably, a magnetic field strength is determined during the passage of the magnetic field sensor through the vehicle. Preferably, the respective current values of the magnetic field strength are detected at a plurality of successive points in time, so that a characteristic magnetic field strength course results during the passage of the vehicle. By evaluating magnetic field strength values measured at different times, in particular by evaluating the magnetic field strength curve, the passing vehicle is classified. The evaluation can be done while passing the Vehicle on the magnetic field sensor or at a later date. The magnetic field strength is preferably the earth's magnetic field strength. Here, too, depending on the type or type of vehicle passing the magnetic field sensor, the course of the magnetic field strength is correspondingly changed in a characteristic manner. The second measured physical variable can therefore be formed by the magnetic field strength, in particular the geomagnetic field strength. The magnetic field sensor is a passive sensor device, for example in the form of a Hall sensor.

Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, wenn die verschiedenen Sensoreinrichtungen mit einem gemeinsamen Computer-System in Verbindung stehen, bspw. über ein Kommunikationsnetz. Die Einzel-Sensorsignale können dann über das Netz an das Computersystem übermittelt werden, das Signale der Sensoreinrichtungen zentral weiterverarbeiten und auswerten kann. Das Kommunikationsnetz und das Computersystem sind auch Teil des Sensor-Systems. Das Kommunikationsnetz kann leitungsgebunden oder drahtlos, bspw. über Funk, realisiert sein. Die Übertragung der Sensorsignale an das Computersystem kann nach einem beliebigen Protokoll erfolgen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Signalübertragung über eine drahtlose Ethernet-Verbindung.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the various sensor devices are connected to a common computer system, for example via a communications network. The individual sensor signals can then be transmitted via the network to the computer system, which can process and evaluate signals of the sensor devices centrally. The communication network and the computer system are also part of the sensor system. The communication network can be wired or wireless, eg. Via radio, be realized. The transmission of the sensor signals to the computer system can take place according to any protocol. Preferably, the signal transmission takes place via a wireless Ethernet connection.

Im Computersystem werden die mindestens zwei voneinander unabhängigen Messsignale der mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen physikalischen Größen zusammengeführt, miteinander in geeigneter Weise kombiniert und durch Auswerten des zusammengeführten Ergebnis-Signals ein resultierendes Klassifizierungsergebnis ermittelt. In dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel werden der verlauf der Messsignale des Induktionsschleifendetektors und der Verlauf der Erdmagnetfeldstärke zusammengeführt. Es ist natürlich möglich, andere oder zusätzlich weitere physikalische Größen über andere bzw. weitere Sensoreinrichtungen zu ermitteln. Durch zusätzliche Sensoren und das Auswerten (Korrelieren) zusätzlicher, von den übrigen Sensorsignalen unabhängiger Sensorsignale kann eine noch größere Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Klassifizierung von fahrenden Fahrzeugen erreicht werden.In the computer system, the at least two independent measuring signals of the at least two different physical quantities are merged with each other suitably combined and determined by evaluating the combined result signal, a resulting classification result. In the preferred embodiment, the course of the measurement signals of the induction loop detector and the course of the earth's magnetic field strength are brought together. It is of course possible to determine other or additional physical quantities via other or further sensor devices. By additional sensors and the evaluation (correlation) of additional, independent of the other sensor signals sensor signals even greater accuracy and reliability of the classification of moving vehicles can be achieved.

So ist es zum Beispiel denkbar, dass die Schallemission analysiert wird, die durch ein den Messbereich passierendes Fahrzeug verursacht wird, und aus der Schallemission bzw. dem Emissionsverlauf unter Berücksichtigung weiterer, andersartiger Sensorsignale auf eine bestimmte Fahrzeugart geschlossen wird. Dabei können insbesondere Oberschwingungen des von dem fahrenden Fahrzeug erzeugten Schalls durch einen sog. Schall-Analyzer analysiert werden. Ebenso ist es denkbar, dass eine der Sensoreinrichtungen eine Videokamera umfasst, die beispielsweise eine Kontur und/oder ein Höhenprofil des durch den Messbereich fahrenden Fahrzeugs ermittelt, wobei anschließend aus dem Videosignal unter Berücksichtigung weiterer, andersartiger Sensorsignale auf eine bestimmte Fahrzeugart geschlossen werden kann. Jede andere Sensoreinrichtung, deren Sensorsignal von unterschiedlichen Fahrzeugarten in charakteristischer Weise reagiert, kann Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Sensor-Systems sein und ist damit im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einsetzbar.Thus, it is conceivable, for example, that the sound emission is analyzed, which is caused by a vehicle passing through the measuring range, and from the sound emission or the emission curve is closed taking into account further, different types of sensor signals on a particular vehicle. In particular, harmonics of the sound generated by the moving vehicle can be analyzed by a so-called sound analyzer. It is likewise conceivable for one of the sensor devices to comprise a video camera which determines, for example, a contour and / or a height profile of the vehicle traveling through the measuring range, it then being possible to deduce a specific vehicle type from the video signal taking into account further, different types of sensor signals. Each other Sensor device, whose sensor signal of different types of vehicle reacts in a characteristic manner, may be part of the sensor system according to the invention and can thus be used in the method according to the invention.

In einer bevorzugten Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es des Weiteren möglich, dass das Sensor-System Mittel zum Ausgeben eines Klassifizierungsergebnisses und/oder Mittel zum Übertragen des Klassifizierungsergebnisses an andere elektronische Geräte aufweist. So kann durch die Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Beispiel eine aktuelle Anzahl von freien Parkplätzen auf einem Park- oder Rastplatz für verschiedene Fahrzeugarten ermittelt werden. Diese Information kann einem Fahrer eines Fahrzeugs schon vor dem Anfahren des Park- oder Rastplatzes mittels einer geeigneten optischen oder akustischen Ausgabe-Einrichtung, zum Beispiel auf einer Anzeigetafel, mitgeteilt werden. Ein akustischer Hinweis an den Fahrer ist auch denkbar, bspw. von außerhalb des Fahrzeugs oder über ein in dem Fahrzeug vorgesehenes Radio oder Funkgerät.In a preferred application of the method according to the invention, it is furthermore possible for the sensor system to have means for outputting a classification result and / or means for transmitting the classification result to other electronic devices. Thus, by executing the method according to the invention, for example, a current number of free parking spaces can be determined on a parking or rest area for different types of vehicles. This information can be communicated to a driver of a vehicle prior to starting the parking or rest area by means of a suitable optical or acoustic output device, for example on a display panel. An acoustic indication to the driver is also conceivable, for example. From outside the vehicle or via a provided in the vehicle radio or radio.

Außerdem kann die Information bezüglich der aktuellen Anzahl freier Parkplätze für die verschiedenen Fahrzeugarten an eine Verkehrsleitzentrale übertragen werden und von dort an Radios und/oder Navigationsgeräte übermittelt werden. Dadurch wird der Fahrer auf die aktuelle Anzahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Parkplätze auf einem bestimmten Park- oder Rastplatz hingewiesen. Ein Navigationssystem könnte sogar automatisch oder auf Befehl des Fahrers eine neue Route berechnen, um einen Ausweichpark- oder -rastplatz anzufahren. Auch eine direkte Drahtlosverbindung (z.B. mittels BlueTooth) zur Übermittlung der Informationen an beliebig andere elektronische Empfangsgeräte (zum Beispiel zu einem Smartphone) ist möglich, um dort einen Belegungsgrad des Park- oder Rastplatzes anzuzeigen.In addition, the information relating to the current number of free parking spaces for the various types of vehicles can be transmitted to a traffic control center and transmitted from there to radios and / or navigation devices. This will alert the driver to the current number of available parking spaces at a particular parking or rest area. A navigation system could even be automatic or calculate a new route on the driver's command to drive to an alternate parking or rest area. A direct wireless connection (eg by means of BlueTooth) for transmitting the information to any other electronic receivers (for example, to a smartphone) is possible to indicate there a degree of occupancy of the parking or rest area.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den beigefügten Figuren. Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendet werden können, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Figuren dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein auf einer Fahrbahn fahrendes Fahrzeug, wobei auf der Fahrbahn Sensoreinrichtungen eingelassen sind;
Fig. 2
mehrere Funktionssätze von Sensoreinrichtungen, die über ein Kommunikationsnetzwerk mit einem Computersystem verbunden sind; und
Fig. 3
eine mögliche Anordnung von Sensoreinrichtungen im Rahmen einer beispielhaften Anwendung.
Further advantages will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a vehicle traveling on a roadway, wherein on the roadway sensor devices are embedded;
Fig. 2
a plurality of functional sets of sensor devices connected to a computer system via a communications network; and
Fig. 3
a possible arrangement of sensor devices in the context of an exemplary application.

Figur 1 zeigt ein in Fahrtrichtung 10 auf einer Fahrbahn 14 fahrendes Kraftfahrzeug 12. Das Fahrzeug 12 kann ein Personenkraftwagen (Pkw), ein Lastkraftwagen (Lkw), ein Bus, ein Lieferwagen, ein Wohnmobil, ein Motorkraftrad oder ein beliebiges anders Fahrzeug mit und ohne Anhänger und ggf. mit einem beliebigen Aufbau sein. Die Fahrbahn 14 stellt bevorzugt eine Einfahrt oder eine Ausfahrt zu einem Parkgelände eines Park- oder Rastplatzes 45 an einer Autobahn oder Schnellstraße mit einer bestimmten Anzahl an dort vorgesehenen, markierten Parkplätzen dar, deren Belegungszustand erfasst oder überwacht werden soll (vgl. das Ausführungsbeispiel aus Figur 3). Die Fahrbahn 14 könnte aber auch eine normale Straße oder Autobahn darstellen, die zum Beispiel verkehrstechnisch erfasst oder überwacht werden soll. Ziel der Erfindung ist es, auf der Fahrbahn 14 innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Messbereichs 18 fahrende Fahrzeuge 12 zu erfassen und mit einer möglichst hohen Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit nach Fahrzeugarten (Lastkraftwagen, Personenkraftwagen, Bus, Motorrad, etc.) zu klassifizieren. FIG. 1 12 shows a motor vehicle (car), a truck (truck), a bus, a delivery truck, a mobile home, a motor vehicle or any other vehicle with and without a trailer and possibly be with any structure. The roadway 14 preferably represents an entrance or an exit to a parking area of a parking or rest area 45 on a highway or expressway with a certain number of marked parking areas provided there whose occupancy state is to be detected or monitored (cf. FIG. 3 ). The lane 14 could also represent a normal road or highway, for example, to be detected or monitored traffic. The aim of the invention is to detect on the lane 14 within a predetermined measuring range 18 moving vehicles 12 and to classify with the highest possible reliability and accuracy for vehicle types (trucks, passenger cars, buses, motorcycles, etc.).

In der Fahrbahn 14 sind dazu Sensoreinrichtungen 16 derart eingelassen, dass sie beim Befahren der Fahrbahn 14 von dem Fahrzeug 12 zwangsläufig überquert bzw. passiert werden müssen. Das bedeutet, dass bei einer mehrspurigen Fahrbahn 14 in jeder Fahrspur die Sensoreinrichtungen 16 eingelassen sind (nicht dargestellt). Selbstverständlich können die Sensoreinrichtungen 16 alternativ oder zusätzlich auch seitlich an der Fahrbahn 14 und/oder oberhalb der Fahrbahn 14 angeordnet sein. Die Sensoreinrichtungen 16 haben einen von einem Sensortyp und von der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Sensoreinrichtung 16 abhängigen Erfassungsbereich. Je nach Anordnung der Sensoreinrichtungen 16 relativ zur Fahrbahn 14, auf der das zu klassifizierende Fahrzeug 12 fährt, ergeben sich bestimmte Messbereiche 18 der Sensoreinrichtungen 16. Die Messbereiche 18 der einzelnen Sensoreinrichtungen 16 können getrennt voneinander angeordnet sein, sie können sich aber auch ganz oder teilweise überlappen. Die verwendeten Sensoreinrichtungen 16 arbeiten bevorzugt berührungslos.To this end, sensor devices 16 are embedded in the roadway 14 in such a way that, when driving on the roadway 14, they must necessarily be traversed or passed by the vehicle 12. This means that in a multi-lane roadway 14 in each lane, the sensor devices 16 are recessed (not shown). Of course, the sensor devices 16 may alternatively or additionally also laterally on the roadway 14 and / or above the roadway 14th be arranged. The sensor devices 16 have a detection range dependent on a sensor type and on the specific configuration of the sensor device 16. Depending on the arrangement of the sensor devices 16 relative to the roadway 14 on which the vehicle 12 to be classified travels, certain measuring ranges 18 of the sensor devices 16 result. The measuring ranges 18 of the individual sensor devices 16 can be arranged separately from one another, but they can also be wholly or partly overlap. The sensor devices 16 used preferably operate without contact.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind in der Fahrbahn 14 zwei verschieden ausgebildete Sensoreinrichtungen 16 eines Sensor-Systems 26 (vgl. Figur 2) angeordnet, die unterschiedliche physikalische Größen erfassen. So ist in die Fahrbahn 14 eine Induktionsschleife 20 eines Induktionsschleifendetektors 27 (vgl. Figur 2) und ein Magnetfeldsensor 22 eingelassen, wobei durch die Anordnung der beiden Sensoreinrichtungen 16 in der Fahrbahn 16 und deren Erfassungsbereiche der Messbereich 18 des Sensor-Systems 26 definiert ist. Die Induktionsschleife 20 und der Magnetfeldsensor 22 sind in Figur 1 lediglich symbolisch dargestellt.In a preferred embodiment, two differently configured sensor devices 16 of a sensor system 26 (cf. FIG. 2 ), which detect different physical quantities. Thus, in the roadway 14, an induction loop 20 of an induction loop detector 27 (see. FIG. 2 ) and a magnetic field sensor 22, wherein the measuring range 18 of the sensor system 26 is defined by the arrangement of the two sensor devices 16 in the lane 16 and their detection ranges. The induction loop 20 and the magnetic field sensor 22 are in FIG. 1 only symbolically represented.

In einer weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform könnten alternativ oder zusätzlich weitere Sensoreinrichtungen 16, wie zum Beispiel ein sog. Schall-Analyzer (Schallaufnehmer oder Mikrofon mit frequenzselektiver Filterung), der insbesondere die Oberschwingungen eines von dem fahrenden Fahrzeug 12 erzeugten Schalls analysiert, im Bereich der Fahrbahn 14 angeordnet sein. Ebenso ist denkbar, dass eine Videokamera insbesondere eine Kontur und/oder ein Höhenprofil des durch den Messbereich 18 fahrenden Fahrzeugs 12 ermittelt. Durch Auswerten der erfassten Signale von mehreren verschiedenen Sensoreinrichtungen 16 bzw. der Signalverläufe, die unterschiedliche physikalische Größen repräsentieren, kann eine besonders zuverlässige und genaue Klassifizierung der vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeuge 12 erreicht werden. Selbstverständlich können auch beliebig andere Sensoreinrichtungen, deren Messgröße von der Fahrzeugart eines vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeugs 12 charakterisierenden Merkmalen beeinflusst wird und die abhängig von der vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeugart ein charakteristisches Sensorsignal erzeugen, zur Realisierung der vorliegenden Erfindung eingesetzt werden. Die erste Sensoreinrichtung 16 ist in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 als eine aktive Sensoreinrichtung 16, und zwar als mindestens ein Induktionsschleifendetektor 27 ausgebildet. Wenn ein Fahrzeug 12 den Induktionsschleifendetektor 27 passiert, verändern sich die Messsignale des Detektors 27, so dass sich durch die Kontur und/oder die Beschaffenheit des vorbei fahrenden Fahrzeugs 12 ein für die Fahrzeugart charakteristischer Signalverlauf während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs 12 ergibt.In another embodiment, not shown, alternatively or additionally, further sensor devices 16, such as a so-called. Sound Analyzer (sound or microphone with frequency-selective filtering), in particular the harmonics of a sound generated by the moving vehicle 12, be arranged in the region of the roadway 14. It is also conceivable that a video camera in particular determines a contour and / or a height profile of the vehicle 12 traveling through the measuring area 18. By evaluating the detected signals from a plurality of different sensor devices 16 or the signal curves that represent different physical quantities, a particularly reliable and accurate classification of the passing vehicles 12 can be achieved. Of course, any other sensor devices, the measured variable of the vehicle type of a passing vehicle 12 characterizing features is influenced and generate depending on the passing vehicle type a characteristic sensor signal can be used to implement the present invention. The first sensor device 16 is in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2 as an active sensor device 16, and as at least one induction loop detector 27 is formed. When a vehicle 12 passes the induction loop detector 27, the measurement signals of the detector 27 change so that the contour and / or the nature of the passing vehicle 12 results in a signal characteristic characteristic of the vehicle type during the passage of the vehicle 12.

Die zweite Sensoreinrichtung 16 ist in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als eine passive Sensoreinrichtung 16, und zwar als mindestens ein Magnetfeldsensor 22 ausgebildet, der beispielsweise als ein Hall-Sensor realisiert sein kann. Bei einem Passieren des Magnetfeldsensors 22 durch das Fahrzeug 12 wird eine Veränderung einer Magnetfeldstärke, bevorzugt der Erdmagnetfeldstärke, ermittelt. Auch hier werden vorzugsweise zu mehreren aufeinander folgenden Zeitpunkten jeweils aktuelle Werte der Magnetfeldstärke erfasst, so dass sich durch die Kontur und/oder die Beschaffenheit des vorbei fahrenden Fahrzeugs 12 ein für die Fahrzeugart charakteristischer Verlauf der Magnetfeldstärke während des Passierens des Fahrzeugs 12 ergibt.
Es ist denkbar, dass die beispielhaft genannten Sensortypen 22, 27 bei verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzuständen verschiedene Zuverlässigkeiten bei der Klassifizierung vorbeifahrender Fahrzeuge aufweisen. So ist es bspw. denkbar, dass die Magnetfeldsensoren 22 eine besonders hohe Empfindlichkeit oder Zuverlässigkeit bei der Klassifizierung von langsam fahrenden Fahrzeugen 12 aufweisen und die Induktionsschleifendetektoren 27 eine besonders hohe Empfindlichkeit oder Zuverlässigkeit bei der Klassifizierung von schnell fahrenden Fahrzeugen 12 aufweisen.
Figur 2 zeigt ein Beispiel für ein vollständiges Sensor-System 26 zur Ausführung des Verfahrens zum Klassifizieren fahrender Fahrzeuge 12. Eine erfindungsgemäße Anwendung des Verfahrens ist eine Ermittlung freier Parkplätze pro Fahrzeugart auf einem Parkgelände (vgl. Figur 3). Das Verfahren ist aber beispielsweise auch zur Überwachung von Straßen oder Autobahnen nach Fahrzeugarten einsetzbar.
The second sensor device 16 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a passive sensor device 16, and as at least one magnetic field sensor 22, which may be realized for example as a Hall sensor. When the magnetic field sensor 22 passes through the vehicle 12, a change in a magnetic field strength, preferably the geomagnetic field strength, is determined. Here, too, current values of the magnetic field strength are preferably detected at several successive times, so that the shape and / or the nature of the passing vehicle 12 results in a characteristic of the magnetic field strength during passage of the vehicle 12 that is characteristic of the vehicle type.
It is conceivable that the sensor types 22, 27 mentioned by way of example have different reliabilities in the classification of passing vehicles under different environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions. Thus, for example, it is conceivable that the magnetic field sensors 22 have a particularly high sensitivity or reliability in the classification of slow-moving vehicles 12 and the induction loop detectors 27 have a particularly high sensitivity or reliability in the classification of fast-moving vehicles 12.
FIG. 2 shows an example of a complete sensor system 26 for carrying out the method for classifying moving vehicles 12. An application of the method according to the invention is a determination of free parking spaces per type of vehicle on a parking lot (cf. FIG. 3 ). However, the method can also be used, for example, to monitor roads or highways by vehicle type.

Figur 2 zeigt beispielhaft vier Magnetfeldsensoren 22 und vier Induktionsschleifendetektoren 27, wobei jeweils ein einziger Magnetfeldsensor 22 und ein einziger Induktionsschleifendetektor 27 zu jeweils einem Funktionssatz 28 zusammengefasst sind. Selbstverständlich kann ein Funktionssatz 28 auch mehrere Sensoren 16 des gleichen Typs aufweisen. In dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3 ist in jeder Einfahrt 41 und in jeder Ausfahrt 42 des Parkgeländes 43 mindestens ein Funktionssatz 28 in der Fahrbahn 14 installiert. Dabei können zum Beispiel zwei der vier Funktionssätze 28 in jeweils einer Einfahrt 41 des Parkgeländes 43 und die restlichen zwei Funktionssätze 28 in jeweils einer Ausfahrt 42 des Parkgeländes 43 installiert sein. Eine andere Aufteilung und/oder Anzahl der Funktionssätze 28 ist natürlich je nach Anwendungsfall ebenfalls möglich. FIG. 2 shows by way of example four magnetic field sensors 22 and four induction loop detectors 27, wherein in each case a single magnetic field sensor 22 and a single induction loop detector 27 are combined to form a functional set 28. Of course, a set of functions 28 may also include a plurality of sensors 16 of the same type. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3 At least one set of functions 28 in the lane 14 is installed in each entrance 41 and in each exit 42 of the parking area 43. In this case, for example, two of the four functional sets 28 may be installed in each case in an entrance 41 of the parking area 43 and the remaining two functional sets 28 in each case in an exit 42 of the parking area 43. Another distribution and / or number of function sets 28 is of course also possible depending on the application.

Jeder Funktionssatz 28 ist über ein Kommunikationsnetz 30, beispielsweise über ein lokales Netzwerk (LAN), bspw. ein Ethernet-Netz, und/oder ein Wide Area Netzwerk (WAN), bspw. das Internet, mit einem Computersystem 32 verbunden, das als Auswerteeinrichtung für die von den Induktionsschleifendetektoren 27 und den Magnetfeldsensoren 22 erzeugten Signale dient. Als Kommunikationsnetz 30 können beliebige drahtlose oder drahtgebundene Netze verwendet werden. Das Computersystem 32 umfasst im Wesentlichen einen Server 34 mit einer daran angeschlossenen oder darin integrierten Datenbank 36. Der Server 34 kann eine Schnittstelle zu einem weiteren Netzwerk 38 zur Übertragung von Daten bspw. an eine übergeordnete Verkehrsleitzentrale aufweisen, welche diese über entsprechende Übertragungskanäle, bspw. TMC, GSM oder UMTS, an Autoradios, Navigationsgeräte oder beliebig andere mobile Endgeräte überträgt. Selbstverständlich wäre es auch denkbar, dass jedem Funktionssatz 28 eine eigene Auswerteeinheit, bspw. in Form eines Computersystems 32 oder eines Servers 34, zugeordnet ist.Each function set 28 is connected via a communication network 30, for example via a local area network (LAN), for example an Ethernet network, and / or a wide area network (WAN), for example the Internet, to a computer system 32, which serves as an evaluation device for the signals generated by the induction loop detectors 27 and the magnetic field sensors 22 serves. As communication network 30, any wireless or wired networks may be used. The computer system 32 essentially comprises a server 34 with a database 36 connected thereto or integrated therein. The server 34 can have an interface to a further network 38 for transmitting data, for example to a higher traffic control center, which transmits them via corresponding transmission channels, eg. TMC, GSM or UMTS, to car radios, navigation devices or any other mobile devices transmits. Of course, it would also be conceivable that each function set 28 is assigned its own evaluation unit, for example in the form of a computer system 32 or a server 34.

Auf dem Computersystem 32 ist ein Computerprogramm ablauffähig, das zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Erfassen und Klassifizieren fahrender Fahrzeuge 12 programmiert ist. Das Verfahren funktioniert für das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel folgendermaßen: Bei einem Befahren der Einfahrt 41 oder der Ausfahrt 42 des Parkgeländes 43 durch das Fahrzeug 12 werden beim Passieren des entsprechenden Funktionssatzes 28 einerseits Änderungen der Messsignale des Induktionsschleifendetektors 27 und andererseits Änderungen der gemessenen Magnetfeldstärke im Magnetfeldsensor 22 erzeugt. Während des Passierens des Funktionssatzes 28 durch das Fahrzeug 12 werden die entsprechenden Signalverläufe über das Kommunikationsnetz 30 an das Computersystem 32 übertragen. Eine Identifikation des jeweils aktiven Funktionssatzes 28 (in welcher Einfahrt 41 oder Ausfahrt 42 der Funktionssatz 28 installiert ist) wird ebenfalls mit übertragen. Die bloße Veränderung der ohne passierendes Fahrzeug 12 im Wesentlichen konstanten Signalverläufe zeigt das Passieren des Messbereichs 18 durch ein Fahrzeug 12, das heißt die Detektion eines Fahrzeugs 12 an. Zusammen mit der Information bezüglich der Anordnung des Funktionssatzes 28 kann dann durch das Computersystem 32 festgestellt werden, über welche Einfahrt 41 oder Ausfahrt 42 ein Fahrzeug 12 gefahren ist. Zur Klassifizierung des Fahrzeugtyps werden die Signalverläufe der Sensoren 22, 27 durch das Computersystem 32 nach Art einer Sensorfusion ausgewertet, insbesondere durch Korrelation der Signalverläufe der einzelnen Sensortypen 22, 27.Executable on the computer system 32 is a computer program programmed to carry out the method according to the invention for detecting and classifying moving vehicles 12. The method works for the preferred embodiment as follows: When driving on the entrance 41 or the exit 42 of the parking area 43 by the vehicle 12, on the one hand, changes in the measurement signals of the induction loop detector 27 and, on the other hand, changes in the measured magnetic field strength are produced in the magnetic field sensor 22 when passing the corresponding function set 28 , While passing the function set 28 through the vehicle 12, the corresponding waveforms are transmitted to the computer system 32 via the communication network 30. An identification of the each active function set 28 (in which entrance 41 or exit 42 of the function set 28 is installed) is also transmitted. The mere change of the substantially constant signal curves without passing vehicle 12 indicates the passage of the measuring area 18 through a vehicle 12, that is, the detection of a vehicle 12. Together with the information regarding the arrangement of the function set 28 can then be determined by the computer system 32, via which entrance 41 or exit 42 a vehicle 12 is driven. To classify the vehicle type, the signal profiles of the sensors 22, 27 are evaluated by the computer system 32 in the manner of a sensor fusion, in particular by correlation of the signal profiles of the individual sensor types 22, 27.

Im Computersystem 32 werden die Verläufe des Ausgangssignals des Induktionsschleifendetektors 27 und der Erdmagnetfeldstärke des Magnetfeldsensors 22 bspw. mittels einer logischen Oder-Verknüpfung zu einem Ergebnis-Signal miteinander kombiniert. Jede andere Art eines Zusammenführens oder Kombinierens der Signale der unterschiedlichen Einzelsensoren 22, 27 ist auch möglich. Der zusammengeführte Ergebnis-Signalverlauf wird anschließend in dem Computersystem 32 analysiert. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Vergleich typischer Merkmale des zusammengeführten Signalverlaufs mit für bestimmte Fahrzeugarten typischen Signalverlaufsmustern realisiert werden. Die typischen Signalverlaufsmuster können zum Beispiel in der Datenbank 36 abgelegt sein. Anhand des Ergebnis-Signalverlaufs kann die Fahrzeugart somit wesentlich zuverlässiger und genauer ermittelt werden als dies über die Einzel-Signale möglich wäre, da es sich hierbei um ein Zusammenführen und Kombinieren von sich ergänzenden Einzel-Messungen handelt. Insbesondere können die Einflüsse durch Umweltbedingungen und/oder Fahrzeugzustände auf die Zuverlässigkeit der Klassifizierung weitgehend eliminiert werden.In the computer system 32, the characteristics of the output signal of the induction loop detector 27 and the geomagnetic field strength of the magnetic field sensor 22, for example, combined with each other by means of a logical OR operation to a result signal. Any other type of merging or combining the signals of the different individual sensors 22, 27 is also possible. The merged result waveform is then analyzed in the computer system 32. This can be realized, for example, by comparing typical features of the combined signal course with signal pattern patterns typical of certain vehicle types. The typical waveform patterns may be stored in the database 36, for example. Based on the Result waveform, the vehicle can thus be determined much more reliable and accurate than would be possible on the individual signals, since this is a merging and combining complementary single measurements. In particular, the influences of environmental conditions and / or vehicle conditions on the reliability of the classification can be largely eliminated.

Selbstverständlich können die Einzelsignale auch auf beliebig andere Weise zusammengeführt, kombiniert bzw. verknüpft werden. Denkbar ist bspw., die Geschwindigkeit des passierenden Fahrzeugs 12 zu ermitteln und abhängig von der ermittelten Geschwindigkeit den Signalverlauf des einen oder des anderen Sensors 22, 27 zu verwenden. Ferner wäre es denkbar, eine mehrstufige Klassifizierung der Fahrzeuge 12 zu realisieren, bei der mittels mindestens einer ersten Sensorart zunächst eine Grob-Klassifizierung erfolgt (z.B. in Lkw, Bus oder Pkw, Motorrad) und dann anhand mindestens einer zweiten Sensorart unter Berücksichtigung des Ergebnisses der Grob-Klassifizierung eine Fein-Klassifizierung erfolgt.Of course, the individual signals can also be combined, combined or linked in any other way. It is conceivable, for example, to determine the speed of the passing vehicle 12 and to use the signal course of the one or the other sensor 22, 27 as a function of the ascertained speed. Furthermore, it would be conceivable to realize a multi-level classification of the vehicles 12, in which by means of at least one first type of sensor first a rough classification takes place (eg in trucks, buses or cars, motorcycles) and then using at least a second type of sensor taking into account the result of Rough classification takes a fine classification.

Sind beispielsweise weitere oder andere Sensoreinrichtungen (wie zum Beispiel der Schall-Analyzer oder die Videokamera) neben dem Magnetfeldsensor 22 und/oder dem Induktionsschleifendetektor 27 im einem Funktionssatz 28 installiert, so können die von der zusätzlich vorgesehenen Sensoreinrichtung ermittelten Signale beziehungsweise Signalverläufe für die Ermittlung des Ergebnis-Signals bzw. für die Klassifizierung nach Fahrzeugart mit einbezogen werden.If, for example, further or other sensor devices (such as the sound analyzer or the video camera) are installed next to the magnetic field sensor 22 and / or the induction loop detector 27 in a function set 28, then the signals determined by the additionally provided sensor device or Signal curves for the determination of the result signal or for the classification by vehicle type are included.

Ist die Fahrzeugart des den Funktionssatz 28 passierenden Fahrzeugs 12 ermittelt, d.h. das Fahrzeug 12 klassifiziert, so kann bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3, wo das Verfahren im Rahmen eines Parkleitsystems auf einem Parkgelände 43 eines Tank- und Rastplatzes 45 realisiert ist, anschließend die Anzahl von freien Parkplätzen auf dem Parkgelände 43 für die verschiedenen Fahrzeugarten (z.B. Lkw, Pkw und andere) ermittelt werden. Dazu muss die maximal mögliche Anzahl von Parkplätzen pro Fahrzeugart zum Beispiel in der Datenbank 36 hinterlegt sein. Aus der Anzahl der maximal verfügbaren Parkplätze für eine bestimmte Fahrzeugart abzüglich der Anzahl der über die Einfahrt 41 auf den Parkplatz 43 gefahrenen Fahrzeuge 12 der Fahrzeugart und zuzüglich der über die Ausfahrt 42 von dem Parkplatz 43 abgefahrenen Fahrzeuge 12 der Fahrzeugart kann für diese Fahrzeugart die Anzahl der verfügbaren Parkplätze ermittelt werden.If the vehicle type of the function set 28 passing vehicle 12 is determined, ie, the vehicle 12 classified, it can in the embodiment of FIG. 3 where the method is implemented as part of a parking guidance system on a parking area 43 of a refueling and rest area 45, then the number of free parking spaces in the parking area 43 for the different types of vehicles (eg trucks, cars and others) are determined. For this purpose, the maximum possible number of parking spaces per vehicle type, for example, must be stored in the database 36. From the number of maximum available parking spaces for a particular vehicle type minus the number of driven over the entrance 41 to the parking lot 43 vehicles 12 of the vehicle type and plus the exit 42 from the parking lot 43 worn vehicles 12 of the vehicle type can for this vehicle type the number the available parking spaces are determined.

Der aktuelle Belegungsstand eines Parkgeländes 43 für mindestens eine Fahrzeugart kann bspw. an eine Service-Einrichtung 40 weitergeleitet werden. So ist es zum Beispiel möglich, dass rechtzeitig vor der Einfahrt zum Parkgelände 43 dem vorbeifließenden Verkehr der Belegungsstand für mindestens eine Fahrzeugart z.B. auf einer Anzeigetafel 44 optisch angezeigt oder über ein in den vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeugen vorgesehenes Radio, Funkgerät, Navigationsgerät oder sonstiges mobiles Endgerät akustisch und/oder optisch mitgeteilt werden kann. Die Kommunikation zwischen der Service-Einrichtung 40 und den mobilen Endgeräten der Fahrzeuge des vorbeifahrenden Verkehrs kann bspw. über BlueTooth oder ein anderes Funkübertragungsprotokoll erfolgen.The current occupancy level of a parking area 43 for at least one vehicle type can, for example, be forwarded to a service facility 40. So it is for example possible that in good time before the entrance to the park area 43 the passing traffic of the occupancy level for at least one vehicle type, for example on a display panel 44 visually displayed or a in the passing vehicles provided radio, radio, navigation device or other mobile device can be communicated acoustically and / or visually. The communication between the service device 40 and the mobile terminals of the passing traffic vehicles may, for example, via BlueTooth or another radio transmission protocol.

Außerdem kann die Information bezüglich des aktuellen Belegungszustands eines Park- oder Rastplatzes 45 für die verschiedenen Fahrzeugarten an eine Verkehrsleitzentrale übertragen werden und von dort an Radios, Navigationsgeräte oder andere mobile Endgeräte übermittelt werden, bspw. mittels TMC oder eines Mobilfunkprotokolls (z.B. GSM oder UMTS). Dadurch wird der Fahrer auf die aktuelle Anzahl der für sein Fahrzeug zur Verfügung stehenden Parkplätze auf einem bestimmten Park- oder Rastplatz 45 hingewiesen. Ein Navigationssystem könnte sogar automatisch oder auf Befehl des Fahrers hin eine neue Route berechnen, um bei vollständig belegtem Parkgelände 43 eines Park- oder Rastplatzes 45 einen alternativen Park- oder Rastplatz anzufahren. Der Belegungsstand der Parkplätze pro Fahrzeugart kann auch in der Datenbank 36 gespeichert werden, um beispielsweise langfristig entsprechende Umbaumaßnahmen für das Parkgelände 43 zu planen, wodurch mehr Parkplätze für eine besonders frequentierte Fahrzeugart eingerichtet werden können. Demnach kann der Belegungsstand des Parkgeländes 43 also auch über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg protokolliert werden, um diese Informationen für eine langfristige Verkehrsplanung zu nutzen.In addition, the information regarding the current occupancy state of a parking or rest area 45 for the various types of vehicles can be transmitted to a traffic control center and from there to radios, navigation devices or other mobile devices are transmitted, for example. By TMC or a mobile protocol (eg GSM or UMTS) , As a result, the driver is informed of the current number of parking spaces available for his vehicle at a particular parking or rest area 45. A navigation system could even automatically or on command of the driver to calculate a new route to drive at fully occupied parking area 43 of a parking or rest area 45 an alternative parking or rest area. The occupancy level of the parking spaces per vehicle type can also be stored in the database 36 in order, for example, to plan corresponding long-term reconstruction measures for the parking area 43, whereby more parking spaces for a particularly frequented vehicle type can be set up. Accordingly, the occupancy level of the parking area 43 can thus be logged over a longer period of time to use this information for long-term transport planning.

Claims (14)

  1. Method of classifying a vehicle (12) moving through a measuring region (18) of at least two sensor means (16; 22, 27), the vehicle (12) being classified as one of a plurality of possible vehicle types and the classification of the vehicle (12) being derived from various measurements of at least two different physical variables which are made by different types of sensor means (16; 22, 27), one of the sensor means (16) comprising a magnetic-field sensor (22), characterised in that another of the sensor means (16) comprises an inductive loop (20) of an inductive-loop sensor (27) and the said sensor means (16; 22, 27) are arranged at each entry and each exit of a vehicle park or lay-by to allow the number of parking spaces currently free to be determined for each type of vehicle on the basis of the maximum number of free parking spaces present in the vehicle park or lay-by and in the light of the vehicles of a given type moving into the vehicle park or lay-by and the vehicles of a given type moving out of the vehicle park or lay-by.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, for the classification of the vehicle (12) by the magnetic-field sensor (22), the variation in the intensity of the earth's magnetic field is determined at a plurality of successive points in time.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, for the classification of the vehicle (12), at least one other physical variable from at least one other, additional, sensor means is taken into account.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the additional sensor means comprises a video camera which determines an outline and/or a height profile of the vehicle (12) moving through the measuring region (18).
  5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the additional sensor means comprises a sound analyser which analyses a sound emission caused by the vehicle (12) passing through the measuring region (18).
  6. Sensor system (26) comprising at least two different types of sensor means (16; 22, 27) for classifying a vehicle (12) moving through a measuring region (18) of the sensor means (16; 22, 27), the sensor means (16; 22, 27) being designed to sense different physical variables and the sensor system (26) also having means for processing the different physical variables for the purpose of classifying the vehicle (12), one of the sensor means (16) comprising a magnetic-field sensor (22), characterised in that another of the sensor means (16) comprises an inductive loop (20) of an inductive-loop sensor (27) and the sensor means (16; 22, 27) are arranged at each entry and each exit of a vehicle park or lay-by to allow the number of parking spaces currently free to be determined for each type of vehicle on the basis of the maximum number of free parking spaces present in the vehicle park or lay-by and in the light of the vehicles of a given type moving into the vehicle park or lay-by and the vehicles of a given type moving out of the vehicle park or lay-by.
  7. Sensor system (26) according to claim 6, characterised in that the sensor system (26) has means for bringing together or combining the signals from the different sensor means (16; 22, 27).
  8. Sensor system (26) according to claim 7, characterised in that the means for processing the different physical variables are designed to analyse the resulting signal waveform which is brought together, for the purpose of classifying the vehicle (12).
  9. Sensor system (26) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the sensor system (26) has at least one further, additional, sensor means.
  10. Sensor system (26) according to claim 9, characterised in that the additional sensor means comprises a video camera which is designed to determine an outline and/or a height profile of the vehicle (12) moving through the measuring region (18).
  11. Sensor system (26) according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the additional sensor means comprises a sound analyser which is designed to analyse a sound emission caused by the vehicle (12) passing through the measuring region (18).
  12. Sensor system (26) according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterised in that the sensor means (16; 22, 27) are connected to a computer system (32) via a communications network (30).
  13. Sensor system (26) according to claim 12, characterised in that the means for processing the different physical variables for the purpose of classifying the vehicle (12) are implemented in the computer system (32).
  14. Sensor system (26) according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterised in that the sensor system (26) has means (44) for emitting a result of classification and/or means for transmitting the result of classification to other electronic devices, the respective means for emitting and/or transmitting the result of classification being in communication with the means for processing the different physical variables for the purpose of classifying the vehicle (12).
EP12151272.7A 2011-03-24 2012-01-16 Method and device for detecting and classifying moving vehicles Not-in-force EP2503529B1 (en)

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DE201110014855 DE102011014855A1 (en) 2011-03-24 2011-03-24 Method and device for detecting and classifying moving vehicles

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EP2503529B1 true EP2503529B1 (en) 2016-04-13

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