EP2500978A1 - Waveguide transition - Google Patents
Waveguide transition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2500978A1 EP2500978A1 EP11158700A EP11158700A EP2500978A1 EP 2500978 A1 EP2500978 A1 EP 2500978A1 EP 11158700 A EP11158700 A EP 11158700A EP 11158700 A EP11158700 A EP 11158700A EP 2500978 A1 EP2500978 A1 EP 2500978A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- transition
- substrate
- substrate integrated
- circuit board
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/082—Transitions between hollow waveguides of different shape, e.g. between a rectangular and a circular waveguide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of radio frequency communication, and more particularly to a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide.
- Wireless transmission of a radio frequency signal generally requires delivering the signal carrying considerable power to the transmission antenna, which is best obtained by means of a conventional rectangular waveguide, i.e. a rectangular tube, connected with the antenna.
- a conventional rectangular waveguide i.e. a rectangular tube
- the term "waveguide” used alone means such a conventional rectangular waveguide.
- a circuit board environment is preferred, employing inter alia microstrips.
- the transition is sensitive as regards the mutual position of the ridge and the microstrip. For instance, only a minor lateral displacement causes a large attenuation of the signal due to mismatch of the characteristic impedances of the ridge and the microstrip, respectively, at the transition.
- the relative reflected power, or return loss, at a lateral displacement of about 0.5% of the wavelength, i.e. about 0.025 mm is about 20 dB, which is a limit of acceptance.
- a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide comprising a rectangular waveguide having a floor, side walls, a ceiling, and a transition end; a microstrip; and a substrate integrated waveguide.
- the rectangular waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a first end of the substrate integrated waveguide.
- the microstrip is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a second end thereof.
- the rectangular waveguide comprises a ridge attached to the ceiling, extending along a portion of the rectangular waveguide, and having a first end portion which is engaged with a portion of a top layer of the substrate integrated waveguide at its first end.
- the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) as an intermediate portion of the transition between the microstrip and the waveguide. Measurements as well as simulations have revealed that the transition between the SIW and the waveguide is substantially less sensitive to position displacements, lateral as well as longitudinal, between the ridge of the waveguide and the SIW.
- the displacement causing the same relative reflected power i.e. 20 dB
- the displacement causing the same relative reflected power is 5% of the wavelength, which is 10 times as high tolerance as in the prior art transition between the mircrostrip and the waveguide. More particularly, 5% at 60 GHz corresponds to about 0.25 mm, which is a low accuracy in the present field of technology.
- the frequency range for application of the invention is by no means limited to a narrow range, it is useful for the whole range of radio frequency communication, which is currently regarded to be from about 30 kHz to about 300 GHz.
- the characteristic impedance of the waveguide and the characteristic impedance of the substrate integrated waveguide are matched to each other, which provides for a maximum transfer of power from one to the other.
- At least an area of the substrate integrated waveguide extending between the transition end of the waveguide and the microstrip is covered by a solid metallic enclosure.
- the floor and a portion of each side wall close to the floor end at the edge of the first end of the circuit board, the floor being coplanar with a bottom surface thereof, while the rest of the waveguide extends along a portion of a top surface of the circuit board.
- the substrate integrated waveguide is included in a circuit board at a first end thereof.
- the circuit board comprises a substrate, wherein an end portion of the circuit board, at the first end thereof, comprises an uncovered portion of the substrate, and wherein a portion of the ridge adjacent to its end portion extends along the uncovered portion of the substrate.
- the circuit board has a narrowed end portion at its first end, which narrowed end portion extends into the waveguide. This is another advantageous way of aligning the floor of the waveguide with the ground plane of the SIW in order to facilitate for the propagation of the electric field through the SIW to continue into the waveguide.
- the transition comprises a solid metal housing having two halves, wherein a bottom part of the waveguide is formed in a first half of the housing and a top part of the waveguide, including the ridge, is formed in a second half of the housing, and wherein at least the first half of the housing comprises a first seat in which a circuit board including the substrate integrated waveguide and the microstrip is arranged.
- the first half of the housing comprises a wall section, which is arranged at the transition end of the rectangular waveguide, and which is in engagement with the substrate integrated waveguide and extends transverse thereof.
- the waveguide is separated from the SIW and mictrostrip and it is possible to form a tight enclosure enclosing the SIW and mictrostrip.
- the transition 100 comprises a rectangular waveguide 102 having a floor 104, side walls 106, and a ceiling 108, a microstrip 110, and a substrate integrated waveguide 112.
- the waveguide 102 is arranged in engagement with the substrate integrated waveguide, or SIW, 112, at a transition end 114 of the waveguide 102.
- the waveguide 102 extends over a portion of the SIW 112 including a first end 116 thereof.
- the microstrip 110 is coupled to the SIW 112 at a second end thereof, wherein there is a continuous transition from the top layer of the microstrip 110 to the top layer of the SIW 112.
- the rectangular waveguide 102 comprises a ridge 118 attached to the ceiling 108, extending along a portion of the rectangular waveguide 102, and having a first end portion 120 which is engaged with a portion of the top layer 122 of the SIW at its first end 116.
- the waveguide 102 is partly cut away at the transition end 114, in order to show the structure of the very transition between the SIW 112 and the waveguide 102.
- the actual extension of the side walls 106 of the waveguide 102 is indicated by a broken line on the top layer 122 of the SIW 112. Additionally referring to e.g. Fig.
- the SIW 310 is a kind of a waveguide having a layered structure of a ground plane 312, of a conductive material such as a metal, at the bottom of the structure, a substrate 314, of a dielectric material, in the middle, a top layer 316, of a conductive material such as a metal, and one or more rows of vias 318, which are through holes comprising a conductive material, typically an inside metal plating, connecting the top layer 316 with the ground plane 312.
- the vias 318 simulate the walls of a rectangular waveguide.
- a microstrip as understood by the skilled person, is a layer structure of a ground plane 304, a substrate 306, and a top layer 308, which parts have the similar characteristics as the corresponding parts of the SIW 310.
- the SIW 112, and the microstrip 110 are arranged on a circuit board 124, only a portion of which is shown in Fig. 1 , and which may comprise other circuits as well.
- the microstrip 110 includes different signal processing portions, for instance filters, amplifiers, mixers, switches and other active and passive circuits.
- the SIW 112 comprises double rows of vias at its opposite longitudinal edges 126, 128. However, single or multiple rows of vias can be used.
- the top layer of the SIW 112 is removed at an end portion 130 of the SIW 112 at the first end 116 thereof, which is also a first end of the circuit board 124.
- the end portion 130 of the SIW 112 is still regarded as a part of the SIW although it is missing the top layer 122, since the rest of the SIW structure remain with via edges 126, 128, 318, ground plane 312 and substrate 314, and since, due to the ridge 118, the signal propagation is kept within the structure.
- the SIW 112 is broadened at the end portion 130, such that the walls 106 of the waveguide 102 extend just inside of the edges 126, 128 of the SIW 112, while at the adjacent portion of the SIW 112 where the ridge 118 engages the top layer 122 of the SIW 112 the side walls 106 of the waveguide 102 extends just outside of the edges 126, 128 of the SIW 112.
- This embodiment of the SIW 112 is more clearly shown in Figs. 5a and 5b , where the same reference numbers as above have been used for denoting the different parts and portions of the SIW 112.
- Fig. 5a shows a cut off portion of the circuit board 124, at a first end thereof, which includes the SIW 112. The position of the ridge 118 has been indicated with broken lines.
- the SIW 600 is not broadened at an end portion but it has straight via edges 602.
- an end portion 604 of the circuit board 606 has been narrowed at a first end 607 thereof, to the width of the SIW 600.
- the end portion 604 extends into the waveguide 608 at the transition end thereof, where the ridge 610 is engaged with the top layer 612 of the SIW 600.
- a groove 614 has been formed in the floor 616 of the waveguide 608, and the ground plane 618 of the SIW 600 has been received in the groove 614.
- the transition comprises a housing, which consists of two solid metal halves 200, 202, as shown in Figs. 2a and 2b .
- a bottom part 204 of the waveguide is formed as a bottom groove in a first half 200 of the housing, and a top part 206 of the waveguide, including the ridge 118, is formed in a second half 202 of the housing.
- the top part 206 of the waveguide includes a top groove 208 formed in the second half 202, the top groove 208 being defined by the ceiling 108, and by a major part of the side walls 106 mentioned above.
- the bottom part, or bottom groove, 204 of the waveguide is defined by the floor 104 and by minor parts of the side walls 106.
- the ridge 118 is formed as a ridge of material left in the middle of the top groove 208, and it has its full height at a transition portion 210 at the first end 212 thereof.
- the transition portion 210 includes the end portion and the portion adjacent thereto mentioned above, and it extends a distance towards a second opposite end 214 of the ridge 118.
- the height of the ridge 118 decreases, stepwise in this embodiment, to zero along a transformation portion 216 extending from the transition portion 210 to the second end 214.
- the decrease can be continuous, such as having a curved periphery, or any other kind of gradual transformation.
- the first half 200 of the housing comprises a first seat 218 in which the circuit board 124 including the SIW 112 and the microstrip 110 has been received.
- the bottom groove 204 extends to the seat 218, and the first end 116 of the circuit board 124 is positioned adjacent to the end of the bottom groove 204.
- the top groove 208 ends a bit ahead of the first end 212 of the ridge 118. That end of the top groove 208 constitutes the transition end 114 of the waveguide.
- a wall section 220 is arranged at the transition end 114, and it is followed by a large recess 222. When the two halves 200, 202 have been mounted together, the wall section 220 is in engagement with the SIW 112 and extends transverse thereof. Further, the recess 222 forms a space above the rest of the circuit board 124.
- Figs. 3a to 3f, and Fig. 4 the signal propagation through the transition will be explained.
- the signal is propagated from the microstrip to the waveguide.
- the microstrip 302 comprising a ground plane 304, a substrate 306, and a top layer 308, and being enclosed by the walls defining the recess 222, the major part of the signal energy propagates through the substrate 306, as shown in Fig. 3a .
- the cross-section of Fig. 3a is taken along line A-A in Fig. 4 .
- Fig. 3b shows the SIW 310, which is also enclosed in the recess 222, and which comprises a ground plane 312, which is another portion of the same layer as used for the microstrip 302, a substrate 314, a top layer 316, and plated vias 318 connecting the top layer 316 with the ground plane 312.
- the signal energy is kept within the substrate 314.
- Fig. 3c is a cross-section taken along line B-B in Fig. 4 .
- the top layer 316 of the SIW 310 has been removed, uncovering the substrate 314.
- the ridge 118 takes the role of the top layer, and the signal can continue to propagate through the substrate 314. See Fig. 3e , which is a cross-section along line C-C in Fig. 4 .
- the ground plane 310 is aligned with the floor 104 of the waveguide 102, and it is possible for the signal to continue from the end of the SIW 310, 112 and the circuit board 124 into the gap between the ridge 118 and the floor 104, as shown in Fig. 3f .
- the transition is completed.
- the ground plane of the SIW 700 is not integrated in the circuit board. Instead, the ground plane 702 is integrated in the first half of the housing. More particularly, the circuit board part of the SIW 700 comprises a substrate 704, a top layer 706, and vias 708, while the ground plane 702 is provided by the housing, i.e. the metal of the housing located beneath the substrate 704 constitutes the ground plane 702.
- the substrate 704 is arranged in engagement with the ground plane 702, and it is preferably rigidly attached to the ground plane 702 by means of soldering, adhesive bonding, or the like.
- the SIW 700 can be received in a recess of the housing as in the above embodiments. The housing still provides the ground plane.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to the field of radio frequency communication, and more particularly to a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide.
- Wireless transmission of a radio frequency signal generally requires delivering the signal carrying considerable power to the transmission antenna, which is best obtained by means of a conventional rectangular waveguide, i.e. a rectangular tube, connected with the antenna. Similarly, when receiving a signal as well it is advantageous to have a recatangular waveguide attached to the antenna, since it has the lowest attenuation of the presently available alternatives. It should be noted that for the purposes of this application the term "waveguide" used alone means such a conventional rectangular waveguide. However, in order to perform signal processing of the signal before transmission, a circuit board environment is preferred, employing inter alia microstrips. It is a complex matter to transfer the signal from a microstrip to a waveguide, and vice versa, and there are some different ways of arranging a transition between the microstrip and the waveguide. A useful prior art transition is shown in International application
WO 98/11652 - Unfortunately, such a transition is sensitive as regards the mutual position of the ridge and the microstrip. For instance, only a minor lateral displacement causes a large attenuation of the signal due to mismatch of the characteristic impedances of the ridge and the microstrip, respectively, at the transition. As an example, at a signal frequency of 60 GHz, the relative reflected power, or return loss, at a lateral displacement of about 0.5% of the wavelength, i.e. about 0.025 mm, is about 20 dB, which is a limit of acceptance.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide that is less sensitive to mounting accuracy.
- This object is achieved by a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide according to the present invention as defined in claim 1.
- Thus, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transition between a microstrip and a waveguide, comprising a rectangular waveguide having a floor, side walls, a ceiling, and a transition end; a microstrip; and a substrate integrated waveguide. At the transition end thereof, the rectangular waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a first end of the substrate integrated waveguide. The microstrip is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a second end thereof. The rectangular waveguide comprises a ridge attached to the ceiling, extending along a portion of the rectangular waveguide, and having a first end portion which is engaged with a portion of a top layer of the substrate integrated waveguide at its first end.
- It has been discovered that it is possible to employ the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) as an intermediate portion of the transition between the microstrip and the waveguide. Measurements as well as simulations have revealed that the transition between the SIW and the waveguide is substantially less sensitive to position displacements, lateral as well as longitudinal, between the ridge of the waveguide and the SIW. As an example, at a signal frequency of 60 GHz, like in the above example, the displacement causing the same relative reflected power, i.e. 20 dB, is 5% of the wavelength, which is 10 times as high tolerance as in the prior art transition between the mircrostrip and the waveguide. More particularly, 5% at 60 GHz corresponds to about 0.25 mm, which is a low accuracy in the present field of technology. This higher tolerance considerably simplifies the mounting operation and reduces costs involved. It should be noted that the frequency range for application of the invention is by no means limited to a narrow range, it is useful for the whole range of radio frequency communication, which is currently regarded to be from about 30 kHz to about 300 GHz.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, the characteristic impedance of the waveguide and the characteristic impedance of the substrate integrated waveguide are matched to each other, which provides for a maximum transfer of power from one to the other.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, at least an area of the substrate integrated waveguide extending between the transition end of the waveguide and the microstrip is covered by a solid metallic enclosure. Thereby this part of the transition is properly screened from spurious external signals, and the environment is protected from signals radiated from the circuitry within the enclosure.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, at the transition end of the waveguide, the floor and a portion of each side wall close to the floor end at the edge of the first end of the circuit board, the floor being coplanar with a bottom surface thereof, while the rest of the waveguide extends along a portion of a top surface of the circuit board. This is one advantageous way of aligning the floor of the waveguide with the ground plane of the SIW in order to facilitate the propagation of the electric field through the SIW to continue into the waveguide.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, the substrate integrated waveguide is included in a circuit board at a first end thereof. The circuit board comprises a substrate, wherein an end portion of the circuit board, at the first end thereof, comprises an uncovered portion of the substrate, and wherein a portion of the ridge adjacent to its end portion extends along the uncovered portion of the substrate. Thereby a smooth transition is achieved.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, the circuit board has a narrowed end portion at its first end, which narrowed end portion extends into the waveguide. This is another advantageous way of aligning the floor of the waveguide with the ground plane of the SIW in order to facilitate for the propagation of the electric field through the SIW to continue into the waveguide.
- In accordance with an embodiment, the transition comprises a solid metal housing having two halves, wherein a bottom part of the waveguide is formed in a first half of the housing and a top part of the waveguide, including the ridge, is formed in a second half of the housing, and wherein at least the first half of the housing comprises a first seat in which a circuit board including the substrate integrated waveguide and the microstrip is arranged. This embodiment is advantageous in that the housing simplifies assembly.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the transition, the first half of the housing comprises a wall section, which is arranged at the transition end of the rectangular waveguide, and which is in engagement with the substrate integrated waveguide and extends transverse thereof. Thereby the waveguide is separated from the SIW and mictrostrip and it is possible to form a tight enclosure enclosing the SIW and mictrostrip.
- These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
- The invention will now be described in more detail and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
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Fig. 1 is a schematic partly cut way view in perspective of an embodiment of the transition according to the present invention; -
Figs. 2a and 2b are schematic perspective views of top and bottom parts of the transition ofFig. 1 ; -
Figs. 3a to 3e are schematic cross-sectional views taken at different portions of the transition as partly illustrated inFig. 4 ; -
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an opened up transition; -
Fig. 5a is a schematic perspective view of the SIW according to an embodiment of the transition; -
Fig. 5b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transition ofFig. 5a ; -
Fig. 6a is a schematic perspective view of the SIW according to another embodiment of the transition; -
Fig 6b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transition ofFig. 6a ; and -
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a SIW according to another embodiment of the transition. - Referring to
Fig. 1 , a part of a first embodiment of the transition according to this invention is shown. Thetransition 100 comprises arectangular waveguide 102 having afloor 104,side walls 106, and aceiling 108, amicrostrip 110, and a substrate integratedwaveguide 112. Thewaveguide 102 is arranged in engagement with the substrate integrated waveguide, or SIW, 112, at atransition end 114 of thewaveguide 102. Thewaveguide 102 extends over a portion of theSIW 112 including afirst end 116 thereof. Themicrostrip 110 is coupled to theSIW 112 at a second end thereof, wherein there is a continuous transition from the top layer of themicrostrip 110 to the top layer of theSIW 112. Therectangular waveguide 102 comprises aridge 118 attached to theceiling 108, extending along a portion of therectangular waveguide 102, and having afirst end portion 120 which is engaged with a portion of thetop layer 122 of the SIW at itsfirst end 116. InFig. 1 thewaveguide 102 is partly cut away at thetransition end 114, in order to show the structure of the very transition between theSIW 112 and thewaveguide 102. The actual extension of theside walls 106 of thewaveguide 102 is indicated by a broken line on thetop layer 122 of theSIW 112. Additionally referring to e.g.Fig. 3b it is understood by a person skilled in the art that theSIW 310 is a kind of a waveguide having a layered structure of aground plane 312, of a conductive material such as a metal, at the bottom of the structure, asubstrate 314, of a dielectric material, in the middle, atop layer 316, of a conductive material such as a metal, and one or more rows ofvias 318, which are through holes comprising a conductive material, typically an inside metal plating, connecting thetop layer 316 with theground plane 312. Thevias 318 simulate the walls of a rectangular waveguide. Additionally referring toFig. 3a , a microstrip, as understood by the skilled person, is a layer structure of aground plane 304, asubstrate 306, and atop layer 308, which parts have the similar characteristics as the corresponding parts of theSIW 310. - The
SIW 112, and themicrostrip 110 are arranged on acircuit board 124, only a portion of which is shown inFig. 1 , and which may comprise other circuits as well. According to this embodiment, themicrostrip 110 includes different signal processing portions, for instance filters, amplifiers, mixers, switches and other active and passive circuits.
TheSIW 112 comprises double rows of vias at its oppositelongitudinal edges SIW 112 to theridge 118 facilitating the signal propagation past the transition, the top layer of theSIW 112 is removed at anend portion 130 of theSIW 112 at thefirst end 116 thereof, which is also a first end of thecircuit board 124. Thereby a portion of theridge 118 adjacent to itsend portion 120 extends along the thus uncovered portion of thesubstrate 314. For the purposes of this application, theend portion 130 of theSIW 112 is still regarded as a part of the SIW although it is missing thetop layer 122, since the rest of the SIW structure remain with viaedges ground plane 312 andsubstrate 314, and since, due to theridge 118, the signal propagation is kept within the structure. TheSIW 112 is broadened at theend portion 130, such that thewalls 106 of thewaveguide 102 extend just inside of theedges SIW 112, while at the adjacent portion of theSIW 112 where theridge 118 engages thetop layer 122 of theSIW 112 theside walls 106 of thewaveguide 102 extends just outside of theedges SIW 112. This embodiment of theSIW 112 is more clearly shown inFigs. 5a and 5b , where the same reference numbers as above have been used for denoting the different parts and portions of theSIW 112. In largeFig. 5a shows a cut off portion of thecircuit board 124, at a first end thereof, which includes theSIW 112. The position of theridge 118 has been indicated with broken lines. - According to a second embodiment of the transition, the
SIW 600, as shown inFigs. 6a and 6b , is not broadened at an end portion but it has straight viaedges 602. Instead of ending the floor of the waveguide at the very end of the SIW, and having the side walls of the waveguide extending on top of the SIW, anend portion 604 of thecircuit board 606 has been narrowed at a first end 607 thereof, to the width of theSIW 600. Theend portion 604 extends into thewaveguide 608 at the transition end thereof, where theridge 610 is engaged with thetop layer 612 of theSIW 600. Agroove 614 has been formed in thefloor 616 of thewaveguide 608, and theground plane 618 of theSIW 600 has been received in thegroove 614. - The transition comprises a housing, which consists of two
solid metal halves Figs. 2a and 2b . Abottom part 204 of the waveguide is formed as a bottom groove in afirst half 200 of the housing, and atop part 206 of the waveguide, including theridge 118, is formed in asecond half 202 of the housing. Thetop part 206 of the waveguide includes atop groove 208 formed in thesecond half 202, thetop groove 208 being defined by theceiling 108, and by a major part of theside walls 106 mentioned above. The bottom part, or bottom groove, 204 of the waveguide is defined by thefloor 104 and by minor parts of theside walls 106. Theridge 118 is formed as a ridge of material left in the middle of thetop groove 208, and it has its full height at atransition portion 210 at thefirst end 212 thereof. Thetransition portion 210 includes the end portion and the portion adjacent thereto mentioned above, and it extends a distance towards a secondopposite end 214 of theridge 118. The height of theridge 118 decreases, stepwise in this embodiment, to zero along atransformation portion 216 extending from thetransition portion 210 to thesecond end 214. However, like in the prior art mentioned above, the decrease can be continuous, such as having a curved periphery, or any other kind of gradual transformation. - Furthermore, at least the
first half 200 of the housing comprises afirst seat 218 in which thecircuit board 124 including theSIW 112 and themicrostrip 110 has been received. Thebottom groove 204 extends to theseat 218, and thefirst end 116 of thecircuit board 124 is positioned adjacent to the end of thebottom groove 204. - The
top groove 208 ends a bit ahead of thefirst end 212 of theridge 118. That end of thetop groove 208 constitutes thetransition end 114 of the waveguide. Awall section 220 is arranged at thetransition end 114, and it is followed by alarge recess 222. When the twohalves wall section 220 is in engagement with theSIW 112 and extends transverse thereof. Further, therecess 222 forms a space above the rest of thecircuit board 124. - Referring to
Figs. 3a to 3f, and Fig. 4 , the signal propagation through the transition will be explained. For the purposes of exemplification, it is assumed that the signal is propagated from the microstrip to the waveguide. At themicrostrip 302, comprising aground plane 304, asubstrate 306, and atop layer 308, and being enclosed by the walls defining therecess 222, the major part of the signal energy propagates through thesubstrate 306, as shown inFig. 3a . The cross-section ofFig. 3a is taken along line A-A inFig. 4 . - The cross-section of
Fig. 3b shows theSIW 310, which is also enclosed in therecess 222, and which comprises aground plane 312, which is another portion of the same layer as used for themicrostrip 302, asubstrate 314, atop layer 316, and plated vias 318 connecting thetop layer 316 with theground plane 312. Here, the signal energy is kept within thesubstrate 314. - At the
wall section 220, which is engaged with thetop layer 316 of theSIW 310, nothing changes, the signal still propagates within theSIW 310. This is illustrated inFig. 3c , which is a cross-section taken along line B-B inFig. 4 . - Referring now to
Fig. 3d , when the signal reaches the area where theridge 118 is engaged with thetop surface 316 of theSIW 310, the signal propagation through theSIW 310 remains the same. - In order to obtain a smooth transition from the
SIW 310 to thewaveguide 102, at a next portion of the transition, thetop layer 316 of theSIW 310 has been removed, uncovering thesubstrate 314. Theridge 118 takes the role of the top layer, and the signal can continue to propagate through thesubstrate 314. SeeFig. 3e , which is a cross-section along line C-C inFig. 4 . - At the end of the
circuit board 124, theground plane 310 is aligned with thefloor 104 of thewaveguide 102, and it is possible for the signal to continue from the end of theSIW circuit board 124 into the gap between theridge 118 and thefloor 104, as shown inFig. 3f . By means of the conventional transformation of the ridge waveguide to the rectangular waveguide, the transition is completed. - According to another embodiment of the transition, a part of which is shown in
Fig. 7 , the ground plane of theSIW 700 is not integrated in the circuit board. Instead, theground plane 702 is integrated in the first half of the housing. More particularly, the circuit board part of theSIW 700 comprises asubstrate 704, atop layer 706, and vias 708, while theground plane 702 is provided by the housing, i.e. the metal of the housing located beneath thesubstrate 704 constitutes theground plane 702. Thesubstrate 704 is arranged in engagement with theground plane 702, and it is preferably rigidly attached to theground plane 702 by means of soldering, adhesive bonding, or the like. As an alternative to the shown planar top surface of the ground plane, theSIW 700 can be received in a recess of the housing as in the above embodiments. The housing still provides the ground plane. - Above, embodiments of the transition according to the present invention as defined in the appended claims have been described. These should be seen as merely non-limiting examples. As understood by a skilled person, many modifications and alternative embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention.
- It is to be noted, that for the purposes of this application, and in particular with regard to the appended claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, that the word "a" or "an", does not exclude a plurality, which per se will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
- A transition between a microstrip and a waveguide, comprising:- a rectangular waveguide having a floor, side walls, a ceiling, and a transition end;- a microstrip; and- a substrate integrated waveguide,
wherein the rectangular waveguide, at the transition end thereof, is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a first end of the substrate integrated waveguide, wherein the microstrip is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide at a second end thereof, and wherein the rectangular waveguide comprises a ridge attached to the ceiling, extending along a portion of the rectangular waveguide, and having a first end portion which is engaged with a portion of a top surface of the substrate integrated waveguide at its first end. - A transition according to claim1, wherein the characteristic impedance of the waveguide and the characteristic impedance of the substrate integrated waveguide are matched to each other.
- A transition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least an area of the substrate integrated waveguide extending between the transition end of the waveguide and the microstrip is covered by a solid metallic enclosure.
- A transition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide is included in a circuit board at a first end thereof.
- A transition according to claim 4, wherein, at the transition end of the waveguide, the floor and a portion of each side wall close to the floor end at the edge of the first end of the circuit board, the floor being coplanar with a bottom surface thereof, while the rest of the waveguide extends along a portion of a top surface of the circuit board.
- A transition according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the circuit board comprises a substrate, wherein an end portion of the circuit board, at the first end thereof, comprises an uncovered portion of the substrate, and wherein a portion of the ridge adjacent to its end portion extends along the uncovered portion of the substrate.
- A transition according to claim 4, wherein the circuit board has a narrowed end portion at its first end, which narrowed end portion extends into the waveguide.
- A transition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a solid metal housing having two halves, wherein a bottom part of the waveguide is formed in a first half of the housing and a top part of the waveguide, including the ridge, is formed in a second half of the housing, and wherein at least the first half of the housing comprises a first seat in which a circuit board including the substrate integrated waveguide and the microstrip is arranged.
- A transition according to claim 8, wherein the second half of the housing comprises a wall section, which is arranged at the transition end of the rectangular waveguide, and which is in engagement with the substrate integrated waveguide and extends transverse thereof.
- A transition according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the circuit board comprises a substrate and a top layer of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the housing comprises a ground plane of the substrate integrated waveguide, and wherein the substrate is in engagement with the ground plane.
Priority Applications (2)
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EP20110158700 EP2500978B1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2011-03-17 | Waveguide transition |
PCT/EP2012/054421 WO2012123473A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2012-03-14 | Waveguide transition |
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EP20110158700 EP2500978B1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2011-03-17 | Waveguide transition |
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EP2500978B1 EP2500978B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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