EP2492465A1 - Device for protecting a reducer injector - Google Patents

Device for protecting a reducer injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2492465A1
EP2492465A1 EP12152921A EP12152921A EP2492465A1 EP 2492465 A1 EP2492465 A1 EP 2492465A1 EP 12152921 A EP12152921 A EP 12152921A EP 12152921 A EP12152921 A EP 12152921A EP 2492465 A1 EP2492465 A1 EP 2492465A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
exhaust
injector
wall
protective device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12152921A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gautier Dekerle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP2492465A1 publication Critical patent/EP2492465A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/20—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for heat or sound protection, e.g. using a shield or specially shaped outer surface of exhaust device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for protecting a gearbox injector in an exhaust pipe of a combustion engine, and an exhaust line comprising such a device.
  • Such an exhaust line comprising an exhaust duct, an auxiliary duct opening into the exhaust duct between an upstream portion and a downstream portion thereof, a gear injector fixed in the auxiliary duct and oriented in such a manner that generating a reductant stream in the downstream portion, an injector protection device secured in the subsidiary pipe and including a baffle wall which is adapted to prevent an exhaust gas stream from the upstream portion from entering the downstream portion; contact with the injector and which comprises an opening associated with a partition oriented so that a portion of this flow through the opening and forms in the protective device a vortex flow accompanying the downstream portion of the reducer flow, the line exhaust system also comprising a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reductant and to homogenize them with the exhaust gases enviro nnant.
  • Such an exhaust line makes it possible to inject a reducing agent which is used for a catalytic reduction of the nitrogen oxides emitted by the combustion of a fuel by the combustion engine, to thermally protect the injection of the gas flow. exhaust (up to 600 ° C), to limit the risk of clogging of the injector, and to homogenize the reducer with the exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the catalytic reduction.
  • the static mixer is carried by the downstream portion of the exhaust pipe and extends over the entire circumference of the latter.
  • the loss of load of such a provision is particularly important.
  • the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
  • the invention relates to a device for protecting a gearbox injector in an exhaust line of a combustion engine, the protection device comprising a baffle wall which is adapted to prevent a flow of gas from a combustion engine. exhaust from an upstream portion of the exhaust line to contact the injector, the baffle wall including an opening which is associated with a partition oriented so that a portion of this flow passes through the opening and forms in the protective device a swirling flow accompanying the gear flow to a downstream portion of the exhaust line, characterized in that the deflecting wall carries at its downstream end a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reducing agent and to homogenize them with the surrounding exhaust gases.
  • the mixer being carried by the baffle wall which extends substantially along the main directions of the exhaust gas flow external to the protection device and the internal flow to this device formed by the swirling flow and the gear flow ( and not carried by fasteners connecting the mixer to the wall of the exhaust pipe which extend substantially in a direction normal to the main direction of the flow of exhaust gas), the pressure losses are considerably reduced .
  • the dimensions of the mixer can be adapted to the reducer flow, and its position can be adapted to the configuration of the exhaust line to limit the pressure drops.
  • the static mixer has an annular shape. This shape optimizes the distribution of the reducer in the exhaust gas.
  • the deflecting wall has a conical shape diverging from upstream to downstream. This shape prevents the divergent flow of the gearbox from coming into contact with the wall.
  • the deflecting wall extends angularly in a sector of 120 ° minimum to 360 ° maximum.
  • the mixer is coaxial with the generator axis of the deflecting wall.
  • the deflecting wall is made of a material and is dimensioned so as to be adapted to transmit to the injector, by conduction, a thermal energy giving the latter a temperature of between 150 and 250 ° C.
  • the protection device makes it possible to limit the deterioration of the injector because of a high temperature (greater than 250 ° C.) while avoiding a fouling of the injector by maintaining it at a sufficiently high temperature (at least 150 ° C.).
  • ° C) from which the possible crystals of reducing agents which tend to accumulate melt (with regard to the urea, the melting temperature is close to 135 ° C) and are therefore driven by the suction of the vortex flow .
  • the invention relates to an exhaust line of a combustion engine, comprising a pipe an exhaust pipe, an auxiliary pipe opening into the exhaust pipe between an upstream portion and a downstream portion thereof, a gear injector fixed in the subsidiary pipe and oriented so as to generate a gear stream in the downstream portion, a protective device according to the first aspect of the present invention and attached to the subsidiary pipe, and a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reductant and to homogenize with the surrounding exhaust gas, characterized in that the static mixer is carried by the deflecting wall.
  • the static mixer is disposed at the junction of the associated pipe with the exhaust pipe.
  • the deflecting wall extends angularly in a sector limited to the zone receiving the flow of exhaust gas from the upstream portion.
  • the injector and the protective device are coaxial.
  • the injector and the downstream portion are coaxial.
  • An exhaust line 1 of a combustion engine comprises an exhaust pipe 2.
  • the part of the exhaust pipe 2 concerned by the present invention is disposed between the engine and a catalytic device for reducing nitrogen oxides. generated by the combustion of the engine.
  • the exhaust line 1 also comprises an associated pipe 20 opening into the exhaust pipe 2 between an upstream portion 4 and a downstream portion 5 of the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the exhaust line 1 also comprises a fixing base 3 attached to the branch pipe 20 (in this case, at the bottom of this branch pipe 20).
  • the exhaust line 1 also includes a gearbox injector (not shown). This injector is fixed to the fixing base 3 and is oriented so as to generate a gear flow in the downstream portion 5. In the present examples, the injector and the downstream portion 5 are coaxial.
  • the exhaust line 1 also comprises a protection device 6 which is adapted to protect the injector and which is fixed to the fixing base 3.
  • the protection device 6 is substantially cylindrical and has a central axis 7 which is identical to the axis of the injector.
  • the attachment of the protection device 6 to the base 3 has been achieved by welding.
  • the protective device 6 comprises a deflecting wall 8 which is adapted to deflect an exhaust stream 9 from the upstream portion 4 so that the stream 9 does not come into contact with the injector.
  • the injector is protected against exhaust gas flows that would otherwise come into contact with the wall facing the upstream potion and, in part, go to the injector.
  • This protection makes it possible to avoid overheating of the injector (and thus its deterioration) by convection, the temperature of the exhaust gas being able to be greater than 600 ° C., in particular during the regeneration phases of a particulate filter disposed in the exhaust line 1.
  • the deflecting wall 8 extends angularly in a sector of 120 ° minimum to 360 ° maximum. More precisely, given its function, the deflecting wall 8 extends angularly along an angular sector which is limited to the zone receiving the flow of exhaust gas 9 coming from the upstream portion 4.
  • the deflecting wall 8 is of conical shape diverging from upstream to downstream. This makes it possible to avoid any contact with the reducer flow which is itself divergent.
  • the deflecting wall 8 comprises an opening 11 which is associated with an oriented partition 12.
  • a part 13 of the exhaust gas stream 9 coming from the upstream portion 4 passes through the opening 11 and forms in the protective device 6 a swirling flow.
  • This vortex flow flows out of the protective device 6, to the downstream portion 5 of the exhaust pipe 2, and channels the gear stream.
  • the vortex flow prevents a portion of the reducer from returning towards the injector.
  • the reducer used is urea, this makes it possible to avoid a crystallization of it at the level of the nose of the injector and don a fouling of the latter.
  • the flow rate of the vortex flow depends on the number of openings 11 and their size, as for the tangential component of the vortex flow, it depends on the orientation of the partitions 12.
  • the protective device 6 transmits thermal energy to the injector by conduction so that its temperature is between 150 and 250 ° C, a too high temperature (above 250 ° C) causing a risk of deterioration of the injector, while a temperature too low (below 150 ° C) causing a risk of crystallization of urea and thus an obstruction of the injector.
  • the control of the temperature at the injector depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the deflecting wall 8 which comes into contact with the gas flow.
  • the thickness of the deflecting wall 8 which can be all the thicker it is close to the base 3 (for example, about 4 mm at the base, and about 1 mm at its free end downstream), and secondly, the material and in particular its thermal conductivity and its heat capacity (the preferred materials being aluminum, stainless steel or cast iron).
  • the protection device 6 comprises, at the downstream end of the deflector wall 8, a static mixer 14.
  • This static mixer 14 is adapted to spray the drops of reducer so as to reduce their dimensions and to facilitate, thereby their homogenization with the surrounding exhaust gas.
  • the static mixer 14 comprises a series of fins 15 which allow this spraying. As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 the static mixer 14 is annular. In addition, in order to improve the integration of the flow leaving the protective device 6 (the reducer flow and the vortex flow of the exhaust gas) to the flow of the gases deflected by the deflecting wall, the mixer 14 is coaxial with the generator axis of the deflecting wall 8 (which here is also coaxial with the downstream portion 5).
  • the mixer being carried by the deflecting wall and not by the exhaust pipe, the pressure losses are considerably reduced.
  • the deflector wall 8 and the mixer 14 which is the extension thereof extend mainly in the main direction of movement of the stream exhaust gas which has been deflected by the deflector wall 8 and the flow disposed on the other side of this wall 8 (swirling flow and reducer flow), which causes only a small deviation of these flows, unlike the fasteners of the prior art which connect the mixer to the wall of the exhaust pipe and which extend substantially in a direction normal to this direction of travel.
  • the dimensions of the mixer 14 can be adapted to the reducer flow, and its position can be adapted to the configuration of the exhaust line in order to limit the pressure losses. It is thus possible to arrange the mixer 14 at the junction of the associated pipe 20 with the exhaust pipe 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The device (6) has a conical baffle wall (8) deflecting exhaust gas flow (9) from an upstream portion (4) of an exhaust line (1), so that the flow does not contact with a reducing agent injector. The wall has an opening (11) that is in contact with an oriented partition such that a flow portion traverses the opening and forms vortex flow (13) passing along with reducing agent flow toward a downstream portion (5) of the line, in the device. The wall has an annular static mixer at its downstream end to spray drops of reducing agent and homogenize the drops with surrounding gas. An independent claim is also included for an exhaust line for a combustion engine.

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection d'un injecteur de réducteur dans une conduite d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, ainsi qu'une ligne d'échappement comportant un tel dispositif.The invention relates to a device for protecting a gearbox injector in an exhaust pipe of a combustion engine, and an exhaust line comprising such a device.

On connaît une telle ligne d'échappement comprenant une conduite d'échappement, une conduite annexe débouchant dans la conduite d'échappement entre une portion amont et une portion aval de cette dernière, un injecteur de réducteur fixé dans la conduite annexe et orienté de façon à générer un flux de réducteur dans la portion aval, un dispositif de protection de l'injecteur fixé dans la conduite annexe et comprenant une paroi déflectrice qui est adaptée à empêcher un flux de gaz d'échappement provenant de la portion amont d'entrer en contact avec l'injecteur et qui comprend une ouverture associée à une cloison orientée de sorte qu'une partie de ce flux traverse l'ouverture et forme dans le dispositif de protection un flux tourbillonnaire accompagnant vers la portion aval le flux de réducteur, la ligne d'échappement comprenant également un mixeur statique adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur et à les homogénéiser avec les gaz d'échappement environnant. Une telle ligne d'échappement permet d'injecter un réducteur qui est utilisé pour une réduction catalytique des oxydes d'azote émis par la combustion d'un carburant par le moteur à combustion, de protéger thermiquement l'injecter du flux de gaz d'échappement (pouvant atteindre 600 °C), de limiter les risques d'encrassement de l'injecteur, et d'homogénéiser le réducteur avec les gaz d'échappement afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de la réduction catalytique.Such an exhaust line is known comprising an exhaust duct, an auxiliary duct opening into the exhaust duct between an upstream portion and a downstream portion thereof, a gear injector fixed in the auxiliary duct and oriented in such a manner that generating a reductant stream in the downstream portion, an injector protection device secured in the subsidiary pipe and including a baffle wall which is adapted to prevent an exhaust gas stream from the upstream portion from entering the downstream portion; contact with the injector and which comprises an opening associated with a partition oriented so that a portion of this flow through the opening and forms in the protective device a vortex flow accompanying the downstream portion of the reducer flow, the line exhaust system also comprising a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reductant and to homogenize them with the exhaust gases enviro nnant. Such an exhaust line makes it possible to inject a reducing agent which is used for a catalytic reduction of the nitrogen oxides emitted by the combustion of a fuel by the combustion engine, to thermally protect the injection of the gas flow. exhaust (up to 600 ° C), to limit the risk of clogging of the injector, and to homogenize the reducer with the exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the catalytic reduction.

Comme illustré par la demande de brevet US 2010/21292 , dans une telle ligne d'échappement, afin de mélanger au mieux le flux de réducteur avec le flux des gaz d'échappement, le mixeur statique est porté par la portion aval de la conduite d'échappement et s'étend sur toute la circonférence de cette dernière. Cependant, la perte de charge d'une telle disposition est particulièrement importante.As illustrated by the patent application US 2010/21292 in such an exhaust line, in order to best mix the flow of reductant with the flow of the exhaust gas, the static mixer is carried by the downstream portion of the exhaust pipe and extends over the entire circumference of the latter. However, the loss of load of such a provision is particularly important.

L'invention vise à résoudre un ou plusieurs de ces inconvénients.The invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.

Selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un dispositif de protection d'un injecteur de réducteur dans une ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, le dispositif de protection comprenant une paroi déflectrice qui est adaptée à empêcher un flux de gaz d'échappement provenant d'une portion amont de la ligne d'échappement d'entrer en contact avec l'injecteur, la paroi déflectrice comprenant une ouverture qui est associée à une cloison orientée de sorte qu'une partie de ce flux traverse l'ouverture et forme dans le dispositif de protection un flux tourbillonnaire accompagnant le flux de réducteur vers une portion aval de la ligne d'échappement, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déflectrice porte à son extrémité aval un mixeur statique adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur et à les homogénéiser avec les gaz d'échappement environnant.According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for protecting a gearbox injector in an exhaust line of a combustion engine, the protection device comprising a baffle wall which is adapted to prevent a flow of gas from a combustion engine. exhaust from an upstream portion of the exhaust line to contact the injector, the baffle wall including an opening which is associated with a partition oriented so that a portion of this flow passes through the opening and forms in the protective device a swirling flow accompanying the gear flow to a downstream portion of the exhaust line, characterized in that the deflecting wall carries at its downstream end a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reducing agent and to homogenize them with the surrounding exhaust gases.

Par cette disposition particulière, il n'y a plus d'étape de mise en place du mixeur dans la conduite d'échappement du fait que la mise en place de ce dernier est réalisée lors de la mise en place du dispositif de protection. De plus, le mixeur étant porté par la paroi déflectrice qui s'étend essentiellement selon les directions principales du flux de gaz d'échappement externe au dispositif de protection et du flux interne à ce dispositif formé par le flux tourbillonnant et le flux de réducteur (et non pas porté par des dispositifs de fixation reliant le mixeur à la paroi de la conduite d'échappement qui s'étendent essentiellement selon une direction normale à la direction principale du flux de gaz d'échappement), les pertes de charge sont considérablement réduites. En outre, du fait de la libération du mixeur de la paroi de la conduite d'échappement, les dimensions du mixeur peuvent être adaptées au flux de réducteur, et sa position peut être adaptée à la configuration de la ligne d'échappement afin de limiter les pertes de charge.By this particular arrangement, there is more stage of introduction of the mixer in the exhaust pipe because the implementation of the latter is performed during the establishment of the protective device. In addition, the mixer being carried by the baffle wall which extends substantially along the main directions of the exhaust gas flow external to the protection device and the internal flow to this device formed by the swirling flow and the gear flow ( and not carried by fasteners connecting the mixer to the wall of the exhaust pipe which extend substantially in a direction normal to the main direction of the flow of exhaust gas), the pressure losses are considerably reduced . In addition, because of the release of the mixer from the wall of the exhaust pipe, the dimensions of the mixer can be adapted to the reducer flow, and its position can be adapted to the configuration of the exhaust line to limit the pressure drops.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de ce premier aspect, le mixeur statique a une forme annulaire. Cette forme permet d'optimiser la répartition du réducteur dans les gaz d'échappement.According to a first embodiment of this first aspect, the static mixer has an annular shape. This shape optimizes the distribution of the reducer in the exhaust gas.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, la paroi déflectrice a une forme conique divergente de l'amont vers l'aval. Cette forme permet d'éviter que le flux divergent du réducteur n'entre en contact avec la paroi.According to a second embodiment, the deflecting wall has a conical shape diverging from upstream to downstream. This shape prevents the divergent flow of the gearbox from coming into contact with the wall.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, la paroi déflectrice s'étend angulairement selon un secteur de 120° minimum à 360° maximum.According to a third embodiment, the deflecting wall extends angularly in a sector of 120 ° minimum to 360 ° maximum.

Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, le mixeur est coaxial à l'axe générateur de la paroi déflectrice.According to a fourth embodiment, the mixer is coaxial with the generator axis of the deflecting wall.

Selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, la paroi déflectrice est réalisée en un matériau et est dimensionnée de façon à être adapté à transmettre à l'injecteur, par conduction, une énergie thermique conférant à ce dernier une température comprise entre 150 et 250 °C. Ainsi, le dispositif de protection permet de limiter les détériorations de l'injecteur du fait d'une température élevée (supérieure à 250 °C) tout en évitant un encrassement de celui-ci en la maintenant à une température suffisamment importante (au moins 150 °C) à partir de laquelle les éventuels cristaux de réducteurs qui tendent à s'accumuler fondent (en ce qui concerne l'urée, la température de fusion est proche de 135 °C) et sont donc entraînés par l'aspiration du flux tourbillonnaire.According to a fifth embodiment, the deflecting wall is made of a material and is dimensioned so as to be adapted to transmit to the injector, by conduction, a thermal energy giving the latter a temperature of between 150 and 250 ° C. Thus, the protection device makes it possible to limit the deterioration of the injector because of a high temperature (greater than 250 ° C.) while avoiding a fouling of the injector by maintaining it at a sufficiently high temperature (at least 150 ° C.). ° C) from which the possible crystals of reducing agents which tend to accumulate melt (with regard to the urea, the melting temperature is close to 135 ° C) and are therefore driven by the suction of the vortex flow .

Selon un second aspect, l'invention concerne une ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, comprenant une conduite d'échappement, une conduite annexe débouchant dans la conduite d'échappement entre une portion amont et une portion aval de cette dernière, un injecteur de réducteur fixé dans la conduite annexe et orienté de façon à générer un flux de réducteur dans la portion aval, un dispositif de protection conforme au premier aspect de la présente invention et fixé à la conduite annexe, et un mixeur statique adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur et à les homogénéiser avec les gaz d'échappement environnant, caractérisée en ce que le mixeur statique est porté par la paroi déflectrice.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to an exhaust line of a combustion engine, comprising a pipe an exhaust pipe, an auxiliary pipe opening into the exhaust pipe between an upstream portion and a downstream portion thereof, a gear injector fixed in the subsidiary pipe and oriented so as to generate a gear stream in the downstream portion, a protective device according to the first aspect of the present invention and attached to the subsidiary pipe, and a static mixer adapted to spray the drops of reductant and to homogenize with the surrounding exhaust gas, characterized in that the static mixer is carried by the deflecting wall.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de ce second aspect, le mixeur statique est disposé à la jonction de la conduite annexe avec la conduite d'échappement.According to a first embodiment of this second aspect, the static mixer is disposed at the junction of the associated pipe with the exhaust pipe.

Selon un second mode de réalisation, la paroi déflectrice s'étend angulairement selon un secteur limité à la zone recevant le flux de gaz d'échappement provenant de la portion amont.According to a second embodiment, the deflecting wall extends angularly in a sector limited to the zone receiving the flow of exhaust gas from the upstream portion.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, l'injecteur et le dispositif de protection sont coaxiaux.According to a third embodiment, the injector and the protective device are coaxial.

Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, l'injecteur et la portion aval sont coaxiaux.According to a fourth embodiment, the injector and the downstream portion are coaxial.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 illustre un dispositif de protection d'un injecteur selon un premier mode de réalisation dans une ligne d'échappement, la vue étant en perspective de côté et en avant ;
  • La figure 2 illustre le dispositif de protection du premier mode de réalisation selon une vue de dessus ;
  • La figure 3 illustre un dispositif de protection d'un injecteur selon un second mode de réalisation dans une ligne d'échappement, la vue étant en perspective de côté et en arrière ; et
  • La figure 4 illustre le dispositif de protection du second mode de réalisation selon une vue de côté.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 illustrates a device for protecting an injector according to a first embodiment in an exhaust line, the view being in perspective from the side and forward;
  • The figure 2 illustrates the protection device of the first embodiment in a view from above;
  • The figure 3 illustrates a protection device of an injector according to a second embodiment in an exhaust line, the view being in perspective from the side and back; and
  • The figure 4 illustrates the protection device of the second embodiment in a side view.

Une ligne d'échappement 1 d'un moteur à combustion comprend une conduite d'échappement 2. La partie de la conduite d'échappement 2 concernée par la présente invention est disposée entre le moteur et un dispositif catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote générés par la combustion du moteur.An exhaust line 1 of a combustion engine comprises an exhaust pipe 2. The part of the exhaust pipe 2 concerned by the present invention is disposed between the engine and a catalytic device for reducing nitrogen oxides. generated by the combustion of the engine.

La ligne d'échappement 1 comprend également une conduite annexe 20 débouchant dans la conduite d'échappement 2 entre une portion amont 4 et une portion aval 5 de cette conduite d'échappement 2.The exhaust line 1 also comprises an associated pipe 20 opening into the exhaust pipe 2 between an upstream portion 4 and a downstream portion 5 of the exhaust pipe 2.

La ligne d'échappement 1 comprend également une embase de fixation 3 fixée à la conduite annexe 20 (en l'occurrence, au fond de cette conduite annexe 20).The exhaust line 1 also comprises a fixing base 3 attached to the branch pipe 20 (in this case, at the bottom of this branch pipe 20).

La ligne d'échappement 1 comprend également un injecteur de réducteur (non illustré). Cet injecteur est fixé à l'embase de fixation 3 et est orienté de façon à générer un flux de réducteur dans la portion aval 5. Dans les présents exemples, l'injecteur et la portion aval 5 sont coaxiaux.The exhaust line 1 also includes a gearbox injector (not shown). This injector is fixed to the fixing base 3 and is oriented so as to generate a gear flow in the downstream portion 5. In the present examples, the injector and the downstream portion 5 are coaxial.

La ligne d'échappement 1 comprend aussi un dispositif de protection 6 qui est adapté à protéger l'injecteur et qui est fixé à l'embase de fixation 3. Dans les présents exemples, le dispositif de protection 6 est sensiblement de forme cylindrique et possède un axe central 7 qui est identique à l'axe de l'injecteur. Dans les présents exemples, la fixation du dispositif de protection 6 à l'embase 3 a été réalisée par soudage.The exhaust line 1 also comprises a protection device 6 which is adapted to protect the injector and which is fixed to the fixing base 3. In the present examples, the protection device 6 is substantially cylindrical and has a central axis 7 which is identical to the axis of the injector. In the present examples, the attachment of the protection device 6 to the base 3 has been achieved by welding.

Le dispositif de protection 6 comprend une paroi déflectrice 8 qui est adaptée à dévier un flux de gaz d'échappement 9 provenant de la portion amont 4 de sorte que ce flux 9 n'entre pas en contact avec l'injecteur. De ce fait, l'injecteur est protégé contre les flux de gaz d'échappement qui sinon viendraient en contact contre la paroi 10 faisant face à la potion amont et, iraient, pour une partie, vers l'injecteur. Cette protection permet d'éviter une surchauffe de l'injecteur (et donc sa détérioration) par convection, la température des gaz d'échappement pouvant être supérieure à 600 °C, notamment lors des phases de régénération d'un filtre à particules disposé dans la ligne d'échappement 1.The protective device 6 comprises a deflecting wall 8 which is adapted to deflect an exhaust stream 9 from the upstream portion 4 so that the stream 9 does not come into contact with the injector. As a result, the injector is protected against exhaust gas flows that would otherwise come into contact with the wall facing the upstream potion and, in part, go to the injector. This protection makes it possible to avoid overheating of the injector (and thus its deterioration) by convection, the temperature of the exhaust gas being able to be greater than 600 ° C., in particular during the regeneration phases of a particulate filter disposed in the exhaust line 1.

Dans les présents modes de réalisation, la paroi déflectrice 8 s'étend angulairement selon un secteur de 120° minimum à 360° maximum. De façon plus précise, vue sa fonction, la paroi déflectrice 8 s'étend angulairement selon un secteur angulaire qui est limité à la zone recevant le flux de gaz d'échappement 9 provenant de la portion amont 4.In the present embodiments, the deflecting wall 8 extends angularly in a sector of 120 ° minimum to 360 ° maximum. More precisely, given its function, the deflecting wall 8 extends angularly along an angular sector which is limited to the zone receiving the flow of exhaust gas 9 coming from the upstream portion 4.

En outre, la paroi déflectrice 8 est de forme conique divergente de l'amont vers l'aval. Ceci permet d'éviter tout contact avec le flux de réducteur qui est lui-même divergent.In addition, the deflecting wall 8 is of conical shape diverging from upstream to downstream. This makes it possible to avoid any contact with the reducer flow which is itself divergent.

La paroi déflectrice 8 comprend une ouverture 11 qui est associée à une cloison orientée 12. Ainsi, une partie 13 du flux de gaz d'échappement 9 provenant de la portion amont 4 traverse l'ouverture 11 et forme dans le dispositif de protection 6 un flux tourbillonnaire. Ce flux tourbillonnaire s'écoule hors du dispositif de protection 6, vers la portion aval 5 de la conduite d'échappement 2, et canalise le flux de réducteur. De ce fait, le flux tourbillonnaire empêche qu'une partie du réducteur retourne en direction de l'injecteur. Dans le cas où le réducteur utilisé est de l'urée, ceci permet d'éviter une cristallisation de celle-ci au niveau du nez de l'injecteur et don un encrassement de ce dernier.The deflecting wall 8 comprises an opening 11 which is associated with an oriented partition 12. Thus, a part 13 of the exhaust gas stream 9 coming from the upstream portion 4 passes through the opening 11 and forms in the protective device 6 a swirling flow. This vortex flow flows out of the protective device 6, to the downstream portion 5 of the exhaust pipe 2, and channels the gear stream. As a result, the vortex flow prevents a portion of the reducer from returning towards the injector. In the case where the reducer used is urea, this makes it possible to avoid a crystallization of it at the level of the nose of the injector and don a fouling of the latter.

Le débit du flux tourbillonnaire dépend du nombre d'ouvertures 11 et de leur dimension, quant à la composante tangentielle du flux tourbillonnaire, elle dépend de l'orientation des cloisons 12.The flow rate of the vortex flow depends on the number of openings 11 and their size, as for the tangential component of the vortex flow, it depends on the orientation of the partitions 12.

Le dispositif de protection 6 transmet par conduction une énergie thermique à l'injecteur de sorte que sa température soit comprise entre 150 et 250 °C, une température trop élevée (supérieure à 250 °C) entraînant un risque de détérioration de l'injecteur, alors qu'une température trop basse (inférieure à 150 °C) entraînant un risque de cristallisation de l'urée et donc une obstruction de l'injecteur. La maîtrise de la température au niveau de l'injecteur (et plus particulièrement, au niveau du nez de ce dernier) dépend, d'une part, de la surface de la paroi déflectrice 8 qui entre en contact avec le flux de gaz d'échappement 9 en le déviant et qui donc, reçoit de l'énergie thermique de ce dernier, d'autre part, de l'épaisseur de la paroi déflectrice 8 qui peut être d'autant plus épaisse qu'elle est proche de l'embase de fixation 3 (par exemple, environ 4 mm au niveau de l'embase, et environ 1 mm à son extrémité libre aval), et, d'autre part, du matériau et notamment, de sa conductivité thermique et de sa capacité calorifique (les matériaux préférés étant l'aluminium, l'acier inoxydable, voire la fonte coulée).The protective device 6 transmits thermal energy to the injector by conduction so that its temperature is between 150 and 250 ° C, a too high temperature (above 250 ° C) causing a risk of deterioration of the injector, while a temperature too low (below 150 ° C) causing a risk of crystallization of urea and thus an obstruction of the injector. The control of the temperature at the injector (and more particularly at the nose of the latter) depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the deflecting wall 8 which comes into contact with the gas flow. exhaust 9 by the deviating and which, therefore, receives the thermal energy of the latter, on the other hand, the thickness of the deflecting wall 8 which can be all the thicker it is close to the base 3 (for example, about 4 mm at the base, and about 1 mm at its free end downstream), and secondly, the material and in particular its thermal conductivity and its heat capacity ( the preferred materials being aluminum, stainless steel or cast iron).

Par ailleurs, dans le second mode de réalisation, le dispositif de protection 6 comprend, à l'extrémité aval de la paroi déflectrice 8, un mixeur statique 14. Ce mixeur statique 14 est adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur de façon à réduire leurs dimensions et à faciliter, de ce fait leur homogénéisation avec les gaz d'échappement environnant.Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the protection device 6 comprises, at the downstream end of the deflector wall 8, a static mixer 14. This static mixer 14 is adapted to spray the drops of reducer so as to reduce their dimensions and to facilitate, thereby their homogenization with the surrounding exhaust gas.

Dans le présent exemple, le mixeur statique 14 comporte une série d'ailettes 15 qui permettent cette pulvérisation. Comme illustré aux figures 3 et 4, le mixeur statique 14 est de forme annulaire. De plus, afin d'améliorer l'intégration du flux sortant du dispositif de protection 6 (le flux de réducteur et le flux tourbillonnaire de gaz d'échappement) au flux des gaz dévié par la paroi déflectrice, le mixeur 14 est coaxial à l'axe générateur de la paroi déflectrice 8 (qui ici, est également coaxial à la portion aval 5).In the present example, the static mixer 14 comprises a series of fins 15 which allow this spraying. As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 the static mixer 14 is annular. In addition, in order to improve the integration of the flow leaving the protective device 6 (the reducer flow and the vortex flow of the exhaust gas) to the flow of the gases deflected by the deflecting wall, the mixer 14 is coaxial with the generator axis of the deflecting wall 8 (which here is also coaxial with the downstream portion 5).

Du fait de l'intégration du mixeur statique 14 au dispositif de protection 6, il n'y a plus d'étape spécifique de mise en place du mixeur dans la conduite d'échappement, cette mise en place étant réalisée lors de la mise en place du dispositif de protection.Due to the integration of the static mixer 14 to the protection device 6, there is no more specific step of setting up the mixer in the exhaust pipe, this setting up being carried out during the implementation. place of the protective device.

De plus, le mixeur étant porté par la paroi déflectrice et non par la conduite d'échappement, les pertes de charge sont considérablement réduites. En effet, la paroi déflectrice 8 et le mixeur 14 qui en est le prolongement s'étendent principalement selon la direction de déplacement principale du flux de gaz d'échappement qui a été dévié par la paroi déflectrice 8 et du flux disposé de l'autre côté de cette paroi 8 (flux tourbillonnant et flux de réducteur), ce qui n'entraîne que peu de déviation de ces flux, contrairement aux dispositifs de fixation de l'art antérieur qui relient le mixeur à la paroi de la conduite d'échappement et qui s'étendent essentiellement selon une direction normale à cette direction de déplacement.In addition, the mixer being carried by the deflecting wall and not by the exhaust pipe, the pressure losses are considerably reduced. Indeed, the deflector wall 8 and the mixer 14 which is the extension thereof extend mainly in the main direction of movement of the stream exhaust gas which has been deflected by the deflector wall 8 and the flow disposed on the other side of this wall 8 (swirling flow and reducer flow), which causes only a small deviation of these flows, unlike the fasteners of the prior art which connect the mixer to the wall of the exhaust pipe and which extend substantially in a direction normal to this direction of travel.

En outre, du fait de sa déconnexion d'avec la paroi de la conduite d'échappement, les dimensions du mixeur 14 peuvent être adaptées au flux de réducteur, et sa position peut être adaptée à la configuration de la ligne d'échappement afin de limiter les pertes de charge. Il est ainsi possible de disposer le mixeur 14 au niveau de la jonction de la conduite annexe 20 avec la conduite d'échappement 2.In addition, because of its disconnection from the wall of the exhaust pipe, the dimensions of the mixer 14 can be adapted to the reducer flow, and its position can be adapted to the configuration of the exhaust line in order to limit the pressure losses. It is thus possible to arrange the mixer 14 at the junction of the associated pipe 20 with the exhaust pipe 2.

Claims (11)

Dispositif de protection (6) d'un injecteur de réducteur dans une ligne d'échappement (1) d'un moteur à combustion, le dispositif de protection (6) comprenant une paroi déflectrice (8) qui est adaptée à empêcher un flux de gaz d'échappement (9) provenant d'une portion amont (4) de la ligne d'échappement (1) d'entrer en contact avec l'injecteur, la paroi déflectrice (8) comprenant une ouverture (11) qui est associée à une cloison (12) orientée de sorte qu'une partie de ce flux (9) traverse l'ouverture (11) et forme dans le dispositif de protection (6) un flux tourbillonnaire (13) accompagnant le flux de réducteur vers une portion aval (5) de la ligne d'échappement (1), caractérisé en ce que la paroi déflectrice (8) porte à son extrémité aval un mixeur statique (14) adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur et à les homogénéiser avec les gaz d'échappement environnant.Protection device (6) for a gearbox injector in an exhaust line (1) of a combustion engine, the protection device (6) comprising a baffle wall (8) which is adapted to prevent a flow of exhaust gas (9) coming from an upstream portion (4) of the exhaust line (1) to come into contact with the injector, the deflector wall (8) comprising an opening (11) which is associated a partition (12) oriented so that a portion of this flow (9) passes through the opening (11) and forms in the protective device (6) a vortex flow (13) accompanying the reducer flow to a portion downstream (5) of the exhaust line (1), characterized in that the deflecting wall (8) carries at its downstream end a static mixer (14) adapted to spray the drops of reductant and to homogenize them with the gases of d surrounding exhaust. Dispositif de protection (6) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mixeur statique (14) a une forme annulaire.Protective device (6) according to claim 1, characterized in that the static mixer (14) has an annular shape. Dispositif de protection (6) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déflectrice (8) a une forme conique divergente de l'amont vers l'aval.Protective device (6) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the deflecting wall (8) has a conical shape diverging from upstream to downstream. Dispositif de protection (6) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déflectrice (8) s'étend angulairement selon un secteur de 120° minimum à 360° maximum.Protective device (6) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the deflecting wall (8) extends angularly in a sector of 120 ° minimum to 360 ° maximum. Dispositif de protection (6) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le mixeur (14) est coaxial à l'axe générateur de la paroi déflectrice (8).Protective device (6) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixer (14) is coaxial with the generator axis of the deflector wall (8). Dispositif de protection (6) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déflectrice (8) est réalisée en un matériau et est dimensionnée de façon à être adapté à transmettre à l'injecteur, par conduction, une énergie thermique conférant à ce dernier une température comprise entre 150 et 250 °C.Protective device (6) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the deflecting wall (8) is made of a material and is dimensioned to be adapted to transmit to the injector, by conduction, a thermal energy giving the latter a temperature between 150 and 250 ° C. Ligne d'échappement (1) d'un moteur à combustion, comprenant une conduite d'échappement (2), une conduite annexe débouchant dans la conduite d'échappement (2) entre une portion amont (4) et une portion aval (5) de cette dernière, un injecteur de réducteur fixé dans la conduite annexe et orienté de façon à générer un flux de réducteur dans la portion aval (5), un dispositif de protection (6) conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6 et fixé à la conduite annexe, et un mixeur statique (14) adapté à pulvériser les gouttes de réducteur et à les homogénéiser avec les gaz d'échappement environnant, caractérisée en ce que le mixeur statique (14) est porté par la paroi déflectrice (8).Exhaust line (1) of a combustion engine, comprising an exhaust duct (2), an auxiliary duct opening into the exhaust duct (2) between an upstream portion (4) and a downstream portion (5) ) of the latter, a gear injector fixed in the auxiliary pipe and oriented to generate a gear flow in the downstream portion (5), a protective device (6) according to one of claims 1 to 6 and fixed at the auxiliary pipe, and a static mixer (14) adapted to spray the drops of the reductant and to homogenize with the surrounding exhaust gas, characterized in that the static mixer (14) is carried by the baffle wall (8). Ligne d'échappement (1) selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le mixeur statique (14) est disposé à la jonction de la conduite annexe avec la conduite d'échappement.Exhaust line (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the static mixer (14) is arranged at the junction of the associated pipe with the exhaust pipe. Ligne d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisée en ce que la paroi déflectrice (8) s'étend angulairement selon un secteur limité à la zone recevant le flux de gaz d'échappement (9) provenant de la portion amont (4).Exhaust line (1) according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the deflecting wall (8) extends angularly in a sector limited to the zone receiving the flow of exhaust gas (9) from of the upstream portion (4). Ligne d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que l'injecteur et le dispositif de protection (6) sont coaxiaux.Exhaust line (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the injector and the protective device (6) are coaxial. Ligne d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'injecteur et la portion aval (5) sont coaxiaux.Exhaust line (1) according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the injector and the downstream portion (5) are coaxial.
EP12152921A 2011-02-25 2012-01-27 Device for protecting a reducer injector Withdrawn EP2492465A1 (en)

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