EP2487665B1 - Procédé et système de transmission de données indépendant du contact visuel - Google Patents

Procédé et système de transmission de données indépendant du contact visuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2487665B1
EP2487665B1 EP12000762.0A EP12000762A EP2487665B1 EP 2487665 B1 EP2487665 B1 EP 2487665B1 EP 12000762 A EP12000762 A EP 12000762A EP 2487665 B1 EP2487665 B1 EP 2487665B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic radiation
receiver
car
reflector device
reflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12000762.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2487665A1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Ullrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2487665A1 publication Critical patent/EP2487665A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2487665B1 publication Critical patent/EP2487665B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G1/164—Centralised systems, e.g. external to vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H01Q15/165—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal composed of a plurality of rigid panels
    • H01Q15/166—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal composed of a plurality of rigid panels sector shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for visual connection-independent data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver in a car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure communication system.
  • the invention also relates to a system for visual connection-independent data transmission.
  • the DE 10 2008 015 778 A1 describes a system for data transmission between a first and a second vehicle.
  • the system includes an electronic reflector device, also referred to as a relay device.
  • the WO 2010/139649 A1 describes a method for communicating a vehicle with another vehicle or with an infrastructure device via radio using a reflection on a terrain survey to improve a range of radio communication.
  • the US Pat. No. 6,487,423 B1 describes a reflective body used to reflect radio transmission waves to allow wireless communication between the two stations between a radio station and a mobile station despite a visual obstruction that precludes direct vision between the two stations.
  • Car-to-X (Car-to-Car) communication services used in future road vehicles are known in the art. These communication services allow the exchange of data and information between motor vehicles with each other or between motor vehicles and traffic facilities.
  • the communication standard is recorded in IEEE 802.11p.
  • the communication between vehicles with each other and vehicles and infrastructure should be used in particular to warn subsequent, oncoming and laterally arriving traffic from dangerous situations.
  • One possible scenario is, for example, the warning of road users from fast-moving emergency vehicles with blue light, in order to avoid a possible collision at traffic light intersections with the blue light vehicle crossing at red.
  • an active node is usually used (see. EP 21 78 064 and DE 10 2008 015 778 ). This receives the signals from the transmitter, evaluates them in their own electronics and forwards them to the recipient after processing. Such systems are very expensive, require external power supply and are maintenance-prone by the complex electronics.
  • reflectors have long been in use, making visible a structure otherwise permeable to electromagnetic waves. Examples of such devices are those in DE 10 2006 019 170 and DE 29 52 10 19 described reflectors, and the usual in sailing ships so-called Topsets. However, these reflectors are not used in the context of data transmission.
  • a device for car-to-car communication in which the emitted from a transmitter of a first motor vehicle electromagnetic wave is received by a receiver of a second motor vehicle.
  • the direction of reception is hereby aligned with the weakly bent wave, so that the communication can be improved.
  • the car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure communication system can be distinguished, in particular, by the fact that a motor vehicle acquires its own driving data (speed, direction of movement, position, etc.) and this data is recorded via radio to other road users, for example, motor vehicles and / or traffic infrastructure objects (Traffic signal, traffic information display unit, traffic control center, etc.).
  • the electromagnetic radiation may in particular be radio waves (eg WLAN, UMTS, etc.).
  • the data which are encoded in the electromagnetic radiation may in particular be data relating to driving information of the vehicle in which the transmitter is present.
  • the reflector device can in particular be designed such that it has a very high reflection coefficient for the respective frequency band of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter. When arranging the reflector device, the desired reflection direction can be determined in particular via the laws of geometric optics from the main incident direction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter.
  • transmitters and receivers in the respective vehicles can each also be operated as a receiver or transmitter
  • This method is particularly easy to implement or implement in road traffic. All that is required is to provide a suitable reflector device and attach and align it at a selected point. For the reflector device no own power supply is necessary, so that their operation can be done free of charge after a single installation.
  • the very simple construction of the reflector device allows it to be little or no maintenance. An elaborate and maintenance-intensive active node, which acts as a receiver and re-transmitter, can be omitted. Still, a very reliable car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure communication ensured. The process is robust and not prone to error.
  • the reflector device is arranged on a building flanking a traffic route.
  • it may be provided that it is arranged on a traffic signal system, in particular a traffic light system.
  • the reflector device is placed in a curve or in the vicinity of a curve of a traffic route.
  • the reflector device is arranged in a junction of several traffic routes, in particular in the center of an intersection.
  • the reflector device is arranged at an intersection of a first and a second traffic route so that it reflects the emitted substantially in the direction of the first traffic route electromagnetic radiation substantially in the direction of the second traffic route. If the vehicle is located with the transmitter on the first traffic route and the vehicle with the receiver on the second traffic route, it may not be ensured on the basis of the intersection of the two traffic routes that there is a line of sight connection between transmitter and receiver. For example, this may be interrupted by a building flanking the traffic routes between the first and the second traffic route. Then, the reflector device still allows car-to-car communication between the transmitter and receiver of the two vehicles, since the reflector device is arranged at the intersection of the two traffic routes.
  • the beam angle of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter can be suitably changed by the reflector so that the electromagnetic radiation is redirected to the receiver.
  • the reflector can in particular have a strong preferred direction.
  • the reflector be designed and arranged so that the angle between incident and reflected electromagnetic radiation is 90 °. This embodiment is particularly advantageous at intersections, the traffic routes intersect at 90 ° angle, the reflector device is then particularly preferably mounted in the middle of the intersection.
  • the electromagnetic radiation has a frequency in the range of 4 GHz to 7 GHz, and in particular a frequency in the range 5.8 GHz to 6 GHz. Particularly preferred here is a frequency of 5.85 GHz to 5.925 GHz.
  • This range corresponds to the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) frequency band, which results from the standard IEEE 802.11p.
  • DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication
  • all other arbitrary frequencies can be provided within the frequency bands, which are defined in the standard IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.11p.
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation used in the method is then optimally adapted to the frequency bands usually used in car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure communication systems.
  • the system according to the invention serves for the visual connection-independent data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver in traffic. It comprises a transmitter, which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation in which data is coded and which is present in a vehicle or in a traffic infrastructure object. It also comprises a receiver which is adapted to receive the electromagnetic radiation and which is present in a vehicle or in a traffic infrastructure object. Finally, it also includes a reflector device, which is designed to at least partially reflect the emitted electromagnetic radiation, and which can be arranged so that the emitted electromagnetic radiation can be received by the receiver.
  • the reflector device comprises at least one planar reflector element made of metal, which may be in particular a sheet metal.
  • the reflector device can then be produced very inexpensively, for example, by welding the sheets.
  • This embodiment is extremely robust, mechanically stable, low-maintenance, weather-resistant, low error prone and at the same time guarantees a very effective reflection of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the reflector device comprises at least three reflector elements, which are arranged to each other so that they form outer sides of a pyramid or a cube.
  • the pyramid or the cube can then be arranged in particular with respect to perpendicular traffic routes so that at the intersection of the traffic routes have edges of the pyramid or the cube in the direction of the traffic routes.
  • This embodiment of the reflector device is particularly suitable for mounting at the intersection of road intersections or T-intersections.
  • the shape of the reflector device can also be derived from that of a pyramid, in that the reflector elements are configured convexly curved. Then the incident electromagnetic radiation can be reflected in many different directions.
  • Fig. 1 shows in plan two roads 2a and 2b, which meet at a road junction 3 perpendicular.
  • the streets 2a and 2b are flanked on all sides by adjacent buildings.
  • the buildings 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d complicate or prevent a direct line of sight between the road canyons formed by the roads 2a and 2b.
  • Carts 1 a and 1 c drive in the opposite direction on the road 2a and are in direct line of sight with each other.
  • electronic communication devices belonging to a car-to-car communication system are installed in all of the vehicles 1 a to 1 c. These devices can serve both as a transmitter and as a receiver for radio frequency 5.8 GHz.
  • the motor vehicle 1a detects its current position and speed and transmits this data via a radio link to other road users.
  • the car-to-car communication device is ready in the motor vehicle 1a, which can emit radio radiation as a transmitter S.
  • a similar device is provided in the motor vehicle 1c, which serves as a receiver E1 for this electromagnetic radiation. Since there is a direct line of sight between the vehicles 1 a and 1 c, a direct transmission of the data via an electromagnetic radio beam R3 from the transmitter S to the receiver E1 is possible.
  • a reflector device in the form of a reflector pyramid 4 is in the middle of the intersection 3, that is at the intersection of the streets 2a and 2b, attached.
  • This reflector pyramid is constructed so that it has a square base.
  • the pyramid forming side surfaces are formed by welded together metal sheets, which are able to reflect the electromagnetic radiation of 5.8 GHz particularly well.
  • the reflector pyramid 4 is attached to a traffic light installation 6 in such a way that the tip of the pyramid points perpendicular to the road surface at the intersection of the roads 2a and 2b.
  • the reflector pyramid 4 is in this case aligned so that two of its edges facing in the direction of the course of the road 2a and two of its edges in the direction of the course of the road 2b.
  • the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter S in the beam direction R1 then impinges on the reflector pyramid 4 and is reflected there at an angle ⁇ in the direction of the road 2b.
  • the reflected radio beam is denoted by R2. This beam R2 can now be easily received by the receiver E of the motor vehicle 1b.
  • the reflector pyramid 4 of the radio beam R1 is deflected so that it meets as a radio beam R2 to the receiver E, so that despite the lack of a line of sight, a car-to-car communication between the cars 1 a and 1b is possible.
  • the reflector device is neither aligned nor designed such that it sends back the electromagnetic waves in the direction of irradiation (as in the top set), nor evenly distributes them in space.
  • the Figs. 3A to 3C show further possible road constellations and arrangements of a reflector device.
  • the reflector device is formed in these embodiments as a reflector cube, wherein in the FIGS. 3A to 3C Cube surfaces shown in plan must not necessarily be formed of reflective material. However, the cubic side surfaces perpendicular thereto are again made of metal sheets welded together.
  • the intersection 3 is formed as a T-junction of two roads 2c and 2d. Direct radio communication between transmitter S and receiver E is prevented by a building 5.
  • the reflector cube 7 is aligned at the T-crossing point so that, according to the laws of geometric optics, the radio beam R1 emitted by the transmitter S can reach the receiver E as a reflected radio-ray R2. A car-to-car communication is thereby made possible.
  • Fig. 3B shows a curve 8 between the streets 2c and 2d, in turn, a building 5 prevents the direct radio communication between transmitter S and receiver E.
  • the reflector cube 7 is now mounted in the curve 8 on the flanking building 5e and in turn allows a 90 ° reflection of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, ie the rays R1 and R2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • Fig. 3C shows a situation in which the roads 2c and 2d do not intersect at right angles to the intersection 3.
  • a geometrical situation can again be established which allows the electromagnetic beam R1 emitted by the transmitter S to reach the receiver E as a ray R2 by reflection on the reflector cube 7. It can be seen that the invention improves car-to-car communication, especially in the area of intersections in densely built-up areas.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further possible embodiment of a reflector device 9, which comprises four convex curved reflector elements 10.
  • a reflector device 9 which comprises four convex curved reflector elements 10.
  • this reflector device 9 as well as the reflector pyramid 4 in Fig. 1 and 2 attached to a traffic light system, it is ensured that the motor vehicle 1b can receive the electromagnetic radiation R2 both very well when he is far away from the traffic light system 6 or is very close to her.
  • a very good reception is ensured even when the motor vehicle 1b is already almost below the reflector device 9 on the intersection 3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de transmission de données indépendante d'un contact visuel d'un émetteur (S) à un récepteur (E) dans un système de communications de voiture à voiture ou de voiture à infrastructure, caractérisé par les étapes consistant à :
    - émettre un rayonnement électromagnétique (R1), dans lequel des données sont codées, par l'émetteur (S), lequel rayonnement est présent dans un véhicule (1a) ou dans un objet infrastructurel routier ;
    - fournir un dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9), qui est conformé de manière à réfléchir le rayonnement électromagnétique émis (R1) au moins en partie (R2) ;
    - aménager le dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) de sorte que le rayonnement électromagnétique émis (R1, R2) puisse être reçu par le récepteur (E) ; et
    - recevoir le rayonnement électromagnétique (R2) par le récepteur (E), qui est présent dans un véhicule (1b) ou dans un objet infrastructurel routier (6).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que :
    le dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) est aménagé sur un bâtiment (5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e) flanquant une voie de circulation (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) et/ou sur une installation de signalisation lumineuse (6) et/ou dans une courbe (8) d'une voie de circulation (2c, 2d) et/ou dans un point nodal (3) de plusieurs voies de circulation (2a, 2b ; 2c, 2d).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que :
    le dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) est aménagé à un point d'intersection (3) d'une première voie de circulation (2a ; 2c) et d'une seconde voie de circulation (2b ; 2d) de sorte qu'il réfléchisse sensiblement dans la direction (R2) de la seconde voie de circulation (2b, 2d) le rayonnement électromagnétique émis en substance dans la direction (R1) de la première voie de circulation (2a, 2c).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que :
    le rayonnement électromagnétique (R1, R2, R3, R4) possède une fréquence dans la plage de 4 à 7 GHz, de préférence de 5,8 à 6 GHz, mieux encore de 5,85 à 5,925 GHz.
  5. Système de transmission de données indépendante du contact visuel d'un émetteur (S) à un récepteur (E) dans la circulation routière avec un émetteur (S) qui est conformé de sorte à émettre un rayonnement électromagnétique (R1), dans lequel des données sont codées, et qui se présente dans un véhicule (1a) ou dans un objet infrastructurel routier (6), et avec un récepteur (E), qui est conformé de manière à recevoir le rayonnement électromagnétique (R1, R2) et qui se présente dans un véhicule (1b) ou un objet infrastructurel routier (6),
    caractérisé par
    un dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) qui est conformé de manière à réfléchir le rayonnement électromagnétique émis (R1) au moins en partie et qui peut être aménagé de sorte que le rayonnement électromagnétique émis (R1, R2) puisse être reçu par le récepteur (E).
  6. Système selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) comprend au moins un élément réflecteur de forme plate en métal, en particulier en tôle.
  7. Système selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif réflecteur (4, 7, 9) comprend au moins trois éléments réflecteurs (10), qui sont aménagés l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte qu'ils forment les côtés extérieurs d'une pyramide (4, 9) ou d'un cube (7).
EP12000762.0A 2011-02-10 2012-02-06 Procédé et système de transmission de données indépendant du contact visuel Not-in-force EP2487665B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011010846.7A DE102011010846B4 (de) 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Verfahren und System zur sichtverbindungsunabhängigen Datenübertragung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2487665A1 EP2487665A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
EP2487665B1 true EP2487665B1 (fr) 2013-06-26

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EP12000762.0A Not-in-force EP2487665B1 (fr) 2011-02-10 2012-02-06 Procédé et système de transmission de données indépendant du contact visuel

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US (1) US8928468B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2487665B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102710318B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011010846B4 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102011010846B4 (de) 2014-02-06
US8928468B2 (en) 2015-01-06
EP2487665A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
DE102011010846A1 (de) 2012-08-16
US20130038433A1 (en) 2013-02-14
CN102710318B (zh) 2015-04-15
CN102710318A (zh) 2012-10-03

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