EP2483984A2 - Free-wheeling circuit - Google Patents

Free-wheeling circuit

Info

Publication number
EP2483984A2
EP2483984A2 EP10743100A EP10743100A EP2483984A2 EP 2483984 A2 EP2483984 A2 EP 2483984A2 EP 10743100 A EP10743100 A EP 10743100A EP 10743100 A EP10743100 A EP 10743100A EP 2483984 A2 EP2483984 A2 EP 2483984A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
switching transistor
diode
switching
parallel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10743100A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2483984B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Oppermann
Bernhard Streich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2483984A2 publication Critical patent/EP2483984A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2483984B1 publication Critical patent/EP2483984B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1811—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current demagnetising upon switching off, removing residual magnetism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1883—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings by steepening leading and trailing edges of magnetisation pulse, e.g. printer drivers

Definitions

  • freewheeling circuit The invention relates to a free-wheeling circuit in accordance with the Oberbe ⁇ handle of claim 1.
  • Inductive loads such as a coil of a mains circuit breaker connected to a low-voltage switchgear with DC control or control via a rectifier
  • the freewheeling circuit must be controlled or self-controlled in order to ensure the fastest possible reduction of the magnetic energy stored in the inductive load when switching off the inductive load.
  • a disadvantage of such solutions are the high loss of power ⁇ lines, which occur permanently.
  • a variant of such solutions is the freewheeling ge ⁇ controls on and off. In normal operation, the freewheeling circuit is switched off, so that the power losses no longer occur permanently.
  • a coil Control electronics switching thresholds and depending on an above or below the switching threshold, the freewheeling circuit is switched on or off, for example via an optocoupler.
  • a corresponding Spulenan tenuelektronik is beispielswei ⁇ se from the document DE 195 19 757 C2 known.
  • the object of the present invention is, starting from a Spulenan Kunststoffelektronik of the type mentioned, technically to improve them in such a way that, if necessary, an activation of the freewheeling circuit is faster.
  • a freewheeling circuit which has the characterizing feature of claim 1 ⁇ .
  • an ohmic resistance component in the control circuit of the freewheeling circuit is realized as a series circuit consisting of a pure ohmic resistance and a switching threshold component.
  • It is a elekt ⁇ ronic component for generating a switching threshold introduced into the drive circuit of the freewheeling circuit.
  • Switching threshold is adjustable by choice or type of realization of the electronic component used.
  • the switching threshold component can be realized, for example, by a simple zener diode having a predetermined zener voltage, by a thyristor having a zener diode drive, or a varistor circuit. All these possibilities of realization make it possible by simply choosing the
  • the present freewheeling circuit can also be equipped with improved characteristics. If the capacitive energy store, a second switching transistor connected in parallel with the operation that by the inductive load the second switching transistor is turned on when Abschalt ⁇ overvoltage and thereby an already existing first switching transistor is securely locked, it is achieved that caused by the switching off inductive load Switch-off overvoltage to a voltage-dependent derstand created and thereby safely the reduction of Abschalt ⁇ over voltage is accomplished.
  • a to an inductive load 1 hereinafter also referred to as a coil, parallel connected free ⁇ running circuit shown.
  • This parallel circuit is connected to a control supply voltage source 2 with a positive pole 3 and a negative pole 4.
  • the freewheeling circuit comprises a directly connected to the coil 1 in series series arrangement of a first diode 5 and a first switching transistor 6, a voltage-dependent resistor 7 is connected in parallel.
  • the drain terminal D of the switching transistor 6 is at minus ⁇ pole 4.
  • the source terminal S of the switching transistor 6 is connected to the anode of the first diode 5, which in turn is connected to its cathode terminal to the positive terminal 3.
  • the positive terminal 3 is connected to the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6 via a second diode 8 and a resistor component 9 connected in series therewith.
  • the resistance component 9 is provided as a series circuit ⁇ be detached from a first ohmic resistor 10 and realized a switching threshold component.
  • a parallel circuit 14 consisting of a second ohmic resistor 12 and a capacitor 13 is connected between the source terminal S and the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6.
  • the parallel circuit 14 is a first te Zener diode 15 and a second switching transistor 16 in parallel, which rests with its emitter at the source terminal S and with its collector at the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6.
  • the base of the second switching transistor 16 is connected via a Rei ⁇ hensciens of a third ohmic resistor 17, a second Zener diode 18 and a third diode 19 to the negative terminal 4, wherein at this the anode terminal of the third diode 19 is applied and the two cathodes Terminals of the third diode 19 and the second Zener diode 18 are connected together.
  • the coil 1 is z. B. a contactor coil, to which an electronic control 20, as shown, may be connected in series. As indicated in the figure by dashed lines, the electronic driver 20 clocks the negative terminal 4, if necessary.
  • the Steuerpeiswoodsetti 2 is a DC ⁇ source, with which the coil 1 is supplied.
  • the series-connected parallel circuit comprising the first Zener diode 15, the second ohmic resistor 12 and the capacitor 13 is supplied with a control voltage via the second diode 8 and the ohmic resistance component 9.
  • the applied control voltage of the first switching ⁇ transistor 6 is switched to the conductive state, which is maintained as long as the control supply voltage source 2 is switched on.
  • the driving voltage of the first switching transistor 6 builds up slowly after the predetermined time by the parallel circuit 14 time constant until it reaches a value at which the first switching transistor 6 blocks.
  • the second switching transistor 16 a secure locking of the Freewheeling transistor operating first switching transistor 6 ensures.
  • the diode circuit of the second switching transistor 16, consisting of the third resistor 17, the second Zener diode 18 and the third diode 19, serves when on ⁇ withdraw from over-voltages at the first switching transistor 6, which are formed when the first switching transistor 6 works in the linear range, the second switching transistor 16 safely effetzu patentn and thus the gate-source path of the first switching transistor 6 safely short-circuit and thus secure it.
  • the voltage-dependent resistor 7 serves to protect the drain-source path of the first switching transistor 6. It builds upon disconnection of the control voltage source 2 entste ⁇ Henden opening surges in the coil 1 and protects the first switching transistor 6 from destruction.
  • the second ohmic resistor 12 and the capacitor 13 the energy stored in the coil 1 ⁇ energy can be degraded more or less quickly or when using a contactor coil Ausschaltverzzugszeit the contactor can be set arbitrarily. This only applies up to the maximum switch-off delay time in which the contactor would drop without switching.
  • the wiring to different electromagnetic drives is customizable.
  • the freewheeling circuit can also be used for an electronically clocked coil drive 20.
  • the switching threshold component 11 which is realized in the figure by a reverse-polarity zener diode 11 with a predetermined cell voltage, has a switching threshold function for the parallel circuit 14. As long as the control voltage provided by the control voltage source 2 is greater than the zener voltage of the Zener diode 11, the capacitive energy storage formed by the parallel circuit 14 is charged and the first switching transistor 6 is switched to the conducting state.
  • the switching threshold component 11 forming Zener diode 11 can be switched on and switched, be realized in the form of a thyristor with a zener diode drive or in the form of a varistor circuit.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a free-wheeling circuit for the rapid reduction of a shutdown overvoltage of an inductive load (1) when the latter is shut down. The free-wheeling circuit comprises a switching threshold component (11) by which the free-wheeling circuit becomes active more rapidly compared to a free-wheeling circuit without said switching threshold component (11), thereby ensuring a more rapid reduction of the shutdown overvoltage. If a control voltage provided by a control voltage source (2) falls below a threshold voltage set by the switching threshold component (11), a capacitive energy accumulator is immediately discharged and not only when the control voltage is reduced to near zero, and said energy accumulator then activates the free-wheeling circuit for reducing the shutdown overvoltage, when in the nearly discharged state.

Description

Beschreibung Freilaufkreis Die Erfindung betrifft einen Freilaufkreis gemäß dem Oberbe¬ griff des Anspruchs 1. Description freewheeling circuit The invention relates to a free-wheeling circuit in accordance with the Oberbe ¬ handle of claim 1.
Induktive Lasten, wie zum Beispiel eine Spule eines Netz- schützschalters , die an einem Niederspannungsschaltgerät mit DC-Ansteuerung oder Ansteuerung über einen GleichrichterInductive loads, such as a coil of a mains circuit breaker connected to a low-voltage switchgear with DC control or control via a rectifier
(AC/DC) betrieben werden, fallen nach Wegnahme einer Steuerspeisespannung trotz eines im Niederspannungsschaltgerät vor¬ gesehenen Freilaufkreises zum Abbauen einer in einem solchen Fall durch die induktive Last verursachten Abschaltüberspan- nung nur sehr langsam ab. Im ungünstigsten Fall kommt es zu einem sogenannten 2-Stufen-Abfall, das heißt, zum Beispiel in eine Hauptstrombahn geschaltete Kontakte, die mit der induk¬ tiven Last geschaltet werden, liegen für eine kurze Zeit ohne Federkraft aufeinander. Die Kontakte können dann leicht ver- schweißen oder haben insgesamt nur eine geringe elektrische Lebensdauer . (AC / DC) are operated after removal of a control supply voltage in spite of a low-voltage switching device before ¬ seen freewheeling circuit for reducing a caused in such a case by the inductive load Abschaltüberspan- voltage only very slowly from. In the worst case, there is a so-called 2-stage waste, that is, for example, in a main flow path connected contacts that are connected to the inductive ¬ tive load, lie for a short time each other without spring force. The contacts can then easily weld or have overall only a low electrical life.
Auch wenn die induktive Last elektronisch angesteuert wird, muss der Freilaufkreis gesteuert oder selbstgesteuert ausge- führt werden, um einen möglichst schnellen Abbau der in der induktiven Last gespeicherten magnetischen Energie beim Abschalten der induktiven Last sicherzustellen. Even if the inductive load is controlled electronically, the freewheeling circuit must be controlled or self-controlled in order to ensure the fastest possible reduction of the magnetic energy stored in the inductive load when switching off the inductive load.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, dieses Problem mittels einer Diode oder einer Zenerdiode innerhalb des Freilaufkreises zu lösen. It is generally known to solve this problem by means of a diode or a zener diode within the freewheeling circuit.
Ein Nachteil bei solchen Lösungen sind die hohen Verlustleis¬ tungen, die dabei permanent auftreten. Eine Variante bei solchen Lösungen ist, den Freilaufkreis ge¬ steuert ein- und auszuschalten. Im normalen Betrieb wird der Freilaufkreis ausgeschaltet, so dass die Verlustleistungen nicht mehr permanent auftreten. Hierzu wertet eine Spulenan- Steuerelektronik Schaltschwellen aus, und je nach einem über- oder unterschreiten der Schaltschwelle wird zum Beispiel über einen Optokoppler der Freilaufkreis ein- oder ausgeschaltet. Eine entsprechende Spulenansteuerelektronik ist beispielswei¬ se aus dem Dokument DE 195 19 757 C2 bekannt. A disadvantage of such solutions are the high loss of power ¬ lines, which occur permanently. A variant of such solutions is the freewheeling ge ¬ controls on and off. In normal operation, the freewheeling circuit is switched off, so that the power losses no longer occur permanently. For this purpose, a coil Control electronics switching thresholds, and depending on an above or below the switching threshold, the freewheeling circuit is switched on or off, for example via an optocoupler. A corresponding Spulenansteuerelektronik is beispielswei ¬ se from the document DE 195 19 757 C2 known.
Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass bei einem Abschalten oder Aus¬ fallen einer für die induktive Last vorgesehenen Steuerspei- sespannung diese jeweils stets erst fast vollständig abgebaut sein muss, bis ein vorhandener kapazitiver Energiespeicher zum Entladen gebracht wird, um dann, im wiederum beinahe entladenen Zustand, das Aktivieren des Freilaufkreises zu bewir¬ ken . The disadvantage here is that when switching off or falling out of a ¬ provided for the inductive load Steuerpei- sespannung this always always first must be almost completely dismantled until an existing capacitive energy storage is brought to unloading, then, in turn, almost discharged state, activating the freewheeling circuit to bewir ¬ ken.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ausgehend von einer Spulenansteuerelektronik der eingangs genannten Art, diese in der Weise technisch zu verbessern, dass im Bedarfsfall eine Aktivierung des Freilaufkreises schneller erfolgt. The object of the present invention is, starting from a Spulenansteuerelektronik of the type mentioned, technically to improve them in such a way that, if necessary, an activation of the freewheeling circuit is faster.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Freilaufkreis gelöst, der das kennzeichnende Merkmal des Anspruchs 1 auf¬ weist. Danach ist eine ohmsche Widerstandskomponente im Steuerkreis des Freilaufkreises als eine Reihenschaltung bestehend aus einem reinen ohmschen Widerstand und einer Schaltschwellenkomponente realisiert. Mit anderen Worten: Es ist ein elekt¬ ronisches Bauelement zur Erzeugung einer Schaltschwelle in den Ansteuerkreis des Freilaufkreises eingebracht. Die This object is achieved by a freewheeling circuit, which has the characterizing feature of claim 1 ¬ . Thereafter, an ohmic resistance component in the control circuit of the freewheeling circuit is realized as a series circuit consisting of a pure ohmic resistance and a switching threshold component. In other words: It is a elekt ¬ ronic component for generating a switching threshold introduced into the drive circuit of the freewheeling circuit. The
Schaltschwelle ist dabei durch Wahl oder Art der Realisierung des verwendeten elektronischen Bauteils einstellbar.  Switching threshold is adjustable by choice or type of realization of the electronic component used.
Weitere Vorteile sind: Es gibt einen schnellen Ausverzug; es gibt keinen Zweistufenabfall; ein Verschweißen von Kontakten ist verhindert; die Kontakte haben damit eine hohe elektri¬ sche Lebensdauer; es können Bauteile eingespart werden und es ist keine elektronische Spulenansteuerung notwendig. Durch die Schaltschwellenkomponente wird erreicht, dass die Steuerspeisespannung bei einem Abschalten oder Ausfall der Steuerspeisespannung nicht erst fast vollständig abgebaut sein muss, bis ein kapazitiver Energiespeicher zum Entladen gebracht wird, infolge dessen Entladung wiederum dann ein betreffender Freilaufkreis aktiv geschaltet wird. Je nach Schaltschwelleneinstellung wird bereits zu einem früheren Restwert der Steuerspeisespannung, nämlich bei Unterschreiten des eingestellten Schaltschwellenwerts, der kapazitive Ener¬ giespeicher zum Entladen gebracht mit der Folge, dass dann entsprechend früher der Freilaufkreis aktiv geschaltet wird. Der Freilaufkreis wird somit schneller aktiviert und die durch das Abschalten oder Ausfallen der Steuerspeisespannung durch die induktive Last verursachte Abschaltüberspannung schneller abgebaut. Other advantages include: There is a quick pull out; there is no two-stage waste; a welding of contacts is prevented; the contacts thus have a high electrical ¬ cal life; Components can be saved and no electronic coil control is necessary. By switching threshold component is achieved that the control supply voltage at a shutdown or failure of the control supply voltage does not have to be almost completely reduced until a capacitive energy storage is brought to discharge, as a result of which discharge then again a relevant freewheeling circuit is activated. Depending on the threshold setting is at an earlier residual value of the control voltage, namely, falls below the set threshold value, the capacitive Ener ¬ giespeicher brought to discharge with the result that then correspondingly earlier the freewheeling circuit is activated. The freewheeling circuit is thus activated faster and reduced by the switching off or failure of the control supply voltage caused by the inductive load Abschaltüberspannung faster.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
Danach kann die Schaltschwellenkomponente beispielsweise durch eine einfache Zenerdiode mit vorgegebener Zenerspan- nung, durch einen Thyristor mit einer Zenerdioden-Ansteuerung oder eine Varistorschaltung realisiert sein. Alle diese Rea- lisierungsmöglichkeiten ermöglichen durch einfache Wahl derAfter that, the switching threshold component can be realized, for example, by a simple zener diode having a predetermined zener voltage, by a thyristor having a zener diode drive, or a varistor circuit. All these possibilities of realization make it possible by simply choosing the
Schaltschwelle eine individuelle Anpassung an vorliegende Ge¬ gebenheiten . Switching threshold an individual adaptation to existing Ge ¬ conditions.
Der vorliegende Freilaufkreis kann außerdem mit verbesserten Eigenschaften ausgestattet werden. Wird dem kapazitiven Energiespeicher ein zweiter Schalttransistor parallel geschaltet mit der Funktionsweise, dass bei Auftreten einer Abschalt¬ überspannung durch die induktive Last der zweite Schalttransistor durchgesteuert und dadurch ein bereits vorhandener erster Schalttransistor sicher gesperrt wird, wird erreicht, dass die von der abschaltenden induktiven Last verursachte Abschaltüberspannung sicher an einen spannungsabhängigen Wi- derstand angelegt und dadurch sicher der Abbau der Abschalt¬ überspannung bewerkstelligt wird. The present freewheeling circuit can also be equipped with improved characteristics. If the capacitive energy store, a second switching transistor connected in parallel with the operation that by the inductive load the second switching transistor is turned on when Abschalt ¬ overvoltage and thereby an already existing first switching transistor is securely locked, it is achieved that caused by the switching off inductive load Switch-off overvoltage to a voltage-dependent derstand created and thereby safely the reduction of Abschalt ¬ over voltage is accomplished.
Die Schaltungsrealisierung des Ansteuerkreises des zweiten Schalttransistors in der Weise, dass dieser Ansteuerkreis ei¬ ne Reihenschaltung aus einem dritten ohmschen Widerstand, einer zweiten Zenerdiode und einer dritten Diode enthält, wobei die zweite Zenerdiode und die dritte Diode entgegengesetzt gepolt geschaltet sind, gewährleistet das sichere Sperren des ersten Schalttransistors durch den zweiten Schalttransistors. The circuit realization of the drive circuit of the second switching transistor in such a way that this drive circuit contains ei ¬ ne series connection of a third ohmic resistance, a second Zener diode and a third diode, wherein the second Zener diode and the third diode are reversed poled, ensures safe locking of the first switching transistor through the second switching transistor.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung mit einer einzigen Figur näher erläutert. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing with a single figure.
In der Figur ist ein zu einer induktiven Last 1, nachfolgend auch kurz mit Spule bezeichnet, parallel geschalteter Frei¬ laufkreis gezeigt. Diese Parallelschaltung liegt an einer Steuerspeisespannungsquelle 2 mit einem Pluspol 3 und einem Minuspol 4. Der Freilaufkreis umfasst eine unmittelbar zur Spule 1 parallel liegende Reihenschaltung aus einer ersten Diode 5 und einem ersten Schalttransistor 6, dem ein spannungsabhängiger Widerstand 7 parallel geschaltet ist. Dabei liegt der Drain-Anschluss D des Schalttransistors 6 am Minus¬ pol 4. Der Source-Anschluss S des Schalttransistors 6 ist mit der Anode der ersten Diode 5 verbunden, die wiederum mit ihrem Kathoden-Anschluss an den Pluspol 3 angeschaltet ist. Der Pluspol 3 ist über eine zweite Diode 8 und eine dazu in Reihe liegende Widerstandskomponente 9 mit dem Gate-Anschluss G des ersten Schalttransistors 6 verbunden. In the figure, a to an inductive load 1, hereinafter also referred to as a coil, parallel connected free ¬ running circuit shown. This parallel circuit is connected to a control supply voltage source 2 with a positive pole 3 and a negative pole 4. The freewheeling circuit comprises a directly connected to the coil 1 in series series arrangement of a first diode 5 and a first switching transistor 6, a voltage-dependent resistor 7 is connected in parallel. In this case, the drain terminal D of the switching transistor 6 is at minus ¬ pole 4. The source terminal S of the switching transistor 6 is connected to the anode of the first diode 5, which in turn is connected to its cathode terminal to the positive terminal 3. The positive terminal 3 is connected to the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6 via a second diode 8 and a resistor component 9 connected in series therewith.
Die Widerstandskomponente 9 ist als eine Reihenschaltung be¬ stehend aus einem ersten ohmschen Widerstand 10 und einer Schaltschwellenkomponente 11 realisiert. Eine aus einem zweiten ohmschen Widerstand 12 und einem Kondensator 13 bestehende Parallelschaltung 14 liegt zwischen dem Source-Anschluss S und dem Gate-Anschluss G des ersten Schalttransistors 6. Der Parallelschaltung 14 liegt eine ers- te Zenerdiode 15 und ein zweiter Schalttransistor 16 parallel, der mit seinem Emitter am Source-Anschluss S und mit seinem Kollektor am Gate-Anschluss G des ersten Schalttransistors 6 anliegt. The resistance component 9 is provided as a series circuit ¬ be detached from a first ohmic resistor 10 and realized a switching threshold component. 11 A parallel circuit 14 consisting of a second ohmic resistor 12 and a capacitor 13 is connected between the source terminal S and the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6. The parallel circuit 14 is a first te Zener diode 15 and a second switching transistor 16 in parallel, which rests with its emitter at the source terminal S and with its collector at the gate terminal G of the first switching transistor 6.
Die Basis des zweiten Schalttransistors 16 ist über eine Rei¬ henschaltung aus einem dritten ohmschen Widerstand 17, einer zweiten Zenerdiode 18 und einer dritten Diode 19 an den Minuspol 4 geschaltet, wobei an diesem der Anoden-Anschluss der dritten Diode 19 anliegt und die beiden Kathoden-Anschlüsse der dritten Diode 19 und der zweiten Zenerdiode 18 miteinander verbunden sind. The base of the second switching transistor 16 is connected via a Rei ¬ henschaltung of a third ohmic resistor 17, a second Zener diode 18 and a third diode 19 to the negative terminal 4, wherein at this the anode terminal of the third diode 19 is applied and the two cathodes Terminals of the third diode 19 and the second Zener diode 18 are connected together.
Die Spule 1 ist z. B. eine Schützspule, zu der eine elektro- nische Ansteuerung 20, wie dargestellt, in Reihe geschaltet sein kann. Wie in der Figur durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet, taktet die elektronische Ansteuerung 20 den Minuspol 4 gegebenenfalls. Die Steuerspeisspannungsquelle 2 ist eine Gleichspannungs¬ quelle, mit der die Spule 1 versorgt wird. Zugleich wird über die zweite Diode 8 und der ohmschen Widerstandskomponente 9 die in Reihe liegende Parallelschaltung aus der ersten Zenerdiode 15, dem zweiten ohmschen Widerstand 12 und dem Konden- sator 13 mit einer Steuerspannung beaufschlagt. The coil 1 is z. B. a contactor coil, to which an electronic control 20, as shown, may be connected in series. As indicated in the figure by dashed lines, the electronic driver 20 clocks the negative terminal 4, if necessary. The Steuerpeisspannungsquelle 2 is a DC ¬ source, with which the coil 1 is supplied. At the same time, the series-connected parallel circuit comprising the first Zener diode 15, the second ohmic resistor 12 and the capacitor 13 is supplied with a control voltage via the second diode 8 and the ohmic resistance component 9.
Durch die beaufschlagte Steuerspannung wird der erste Schalt¬ transistor 6 in den leitenden Zustand geschaltet, der solange beibehalten wird, wie die Steuerspeisespannungsquelle 2 zuge- schaltet ist. Bei Abschalten oder Ausfall der Steuerspeise¬ spannungsquelle 2 baut sich die Ansteuerspannung des ersten Schalttransistors 6 nach der durch die Parallelschaltung 14 vorgegebenen Zeitkonstante nur langsam ab, bis sie einen Wert erreicht, bei dem der erste Schalttransistor 6 sperrt. Zur Vermeidung des labilen Schaltzustandes des ersten Schalttransistors 6 in seinem linearen Arbeitsbereich wird durch den zweiten Schalttransistor 16 ein sicheres Sperren des als Freilauftransistor arbeitenden ersten Schalttransistors 6 gewährleistet . By the applied control voltage of the first switching ¬ transistor 6 is switched to the conductive state, which is maintained as long as the control supply voltage source 2 is switched on. When switching off or failure of the control supply ¬ voltage source 2, the driving voltage of the first switching transistor 6 builds up slowly after the predetermined time by the parallel circuit 14 time constant until it reaches a value at which the first switching transistor 6 blocks. In order to avoid the unstable switching state of the first switching transistor 6 in its linear operating range is by the second switching transistor 16 a secure locking of the Freewheeling transistor operating first switching transistor 6 ensures.
Die Diodenbeschaltung des zweiten Schalttransistors 16, be- stehend aus dem dritten ohmschen Widerstand 17, der zweiten Zenerdiode 18 und der dritten Diode 19, dient dazu, beim Auf¬ treten von Überspannungen an dem ersten Schalttransistor 6, welche entstehen, wenn der erste Schalttransistor 6 im linearen Bereich arbeitet, den zweiten Schalttransistor 16 sicher durchzusteuern und damit die Gate-Source-Strecke des ersten Schalttransistors 6 sicher kurzzuschließen und diesen damit sicher zu sperren. The diode circuit of the second switching transistor 16, consisting of the third resistor 17, the second Zener diode 18 and the third diode 19, serves when on ¬ withdraw from over-voltages at the first switching transistor 6, which are formed when the first switching transistor 6 works in the linear range, the second switching transistor 16 safely durchzusteuern and thus the gate-source path of the first switching transistor 6 safely short-circuit and thus secure it.
Der spannungsabhängige Widerstand 7 dient zum Schutz der Drain-Source-Strecke des ersten Schalttransistors 6. Er baut die bei Abschaltung der Steuerspeisespannungsquelle 2 entste¬ henden Abschaltüberspannungen an der Spule 1 ab und schützt den ersten Schalttransistor 6 vor Zerstörung. Durch Varianten des zweiten ohmschen Widerstands 12 und des Kondensators 13 kann die in der Spule 1 gespeicherte Rest¬ energie mehr oder weniger schnell abgebaut werden bzw. bei Anwendung für eine Schützspule die Ausschaltverzugszeit des Schützes beliebig eingestellt werden. Dies gilt nur bis zur maximalen Ausschaltverzugsdauer, in der das Schütz ohne Be- schaltung abfallen würde. The voltage-dependent resistor 7 serves to protect the drain-source path of the first switching transistor 6. It builds upon disconnection of the control voltage source 2 entste ¬ Henden opening surges in the coil 1 and protects the first switching transistor 6 from destruction. By variants of the second ohmic resistor 12 and the capacitor 13, the energy stored in the coil 1 ¬ energy can be degraded more or less quickly or when using a contactor coil Ausschaltverzzugszeit the contactor can be set arbitrarily. This only applies up to the maximum switch-off delay time in which the contactor would drop without switching.
Durch die Dimensionierung der ersten Diode 5, die auch als Freilaufdiode bezeichnet wird, des ersten Schalttransistors 6 und des spannungsabhängigen Widerstands 7 ist die Beschaltung an verschiedene elektromagnetische Antriebe anpassbar. By dimensioning the first diode 5, which is also referred to as a free-wheeling diode, the first switching transistor 6 and the voltage-dependent resistor 7, the wiring to different electromagnetic drives is customizable.
Der Freilaufkreis kann auch für eine elektronisch getaktete Spulenansteuerung 20 verwendet werden. The freewheeling circuit can also be used for an electronically clocked coil drive 20.
Gegenüber bisher bekannten Schaltungsanordnungen ist der hier beschriebene Freilaufkreis wesentlich einfacher und mit weni¬ ger Bauelementen aufgebaut. Anstatt des beschriebenen ersten Schalttransistors 6 und des zweiten Schalttransistors 16 können auch anderer Schalttransistortypen verwendet werden. Compared to previously known circuit arrangements of the free-wheeling circuit described here is substantially simpler and Weni ¬ ger components. Instead of the described first switching transistor 6 and the second switching transistor 16 also other types of switching transistors can be used.
Der Vorteil dieses Freilaufkreises besteht in seiner selbst¬ gesteuerten Wirkung. Sie rührt daher, dass bei Auftreten von Abschaltüberspannungen an der Spule 1 der Freilauftransistor, d. h. der erste Schalttransistor 6 sicher gesperrt wird und damit der Stromfluss auf den spannungsabhängigen Widerstand 7 kommutiert wird. The advantage of this free-wheeling circuit is its own ¬ controlled effect. It is due to the fact that in the event of Abschaltüberspannungen on the coil 1 of the freewheeling transistor, ie, the first switching transistor 6 is securely locked and thus the current flow is commutated to the voltage-dependent resistor 7.
Die Schaltschwellenkomponente 11, die in der Figur durch eine in Sperrrichtung gepolte Zenerdiode 11 mit vorgegebener Ze- nerspannung realisiert ist, hat für die Parallelschaltung 14 eine Schaltschwellenfunktion. Solange die von der Steuerspannungsquelle 2 zur Verfügung gestellte Steuerspannung größer als die Zenerspannung der Zenerdiode 11 ist, wird der durch die Parallelschaltung 14 gebildete kapazitive Energiespeicher geladen und der erste Schalttransistor 6 in den leitenden Zustand geschaltet. The switching threshold component 11, which is realized in the figure by a reverse-polarity zener diode 11 with a predetermined cell voltage, has a switching threshold function for the parallel circuit 14. As long as the control voltage provided by the control voltage source 2 is greater than the zener voltage of the Zener diode 11, the capacitive energy storage formed by the parallel circuit 14 is charged and the first switching transistor 6 is switched to the conducting state.
Wird die von der Steuerspannungsquelle 2 zur Verfügung ge¬ stellte Steuerspannung abgeschaltet oder bricht sie bis we- nigstens unter die Zenerspannung der Zenerdiode 11 ein, sperrt die Zenerdiode 11 ab dem Zeitpunkt dieses Unterschrei¬ tens und der durch die Parallelschaltung 14 gebildete kapazitive Energiespeicher wird von diesem Zeitpunkt an nicht nur nicht mehr geladen, sondern wird ab diesem Zeitpunkt entla- den. Der kapazitive Energiespeicher wird damit nicht erst entladen, wenn die Steuerspannung bis nahezu auf Null abgesunken ist, sondern schon dann, wenn die eingestellte Schaltschwelle unterschritten ist. Damit wird der erste Schalttransistor 6 schneller in den Sperrzustand geschaltet und damit wiederum der Freilaufkreis zum Abbau der durch die Spule 1 verursachten Abschaltüberspannung schneller aktiviert. Die die Schaltschwellenkomponente 11 bildende Zenerdiode 11 kann, entsprechend be- und geschaltet, auch in Form eines Thyristors mit einer Zenerdioden-Ansteuerung oder in Form einer Varistorschaltung realisiert sein. If the ge of the control voltage source 2 is available ¬ set control voltage is switched off or break it up GR nigstens below the zener voltage of the zener diode 11 a, 11 locks the Zener diode from the time this undershoot ¬ least and the capacitive energy store formed by the parallel circuit 14 is of Not only is this time not reloaded, but it will be unloaded from that point onwards. The capacitive energy storage is thus not discharged until the control voltage has dropped to almost zero, but even if the set threshold is exceeded. Thus, the first switching transistor 6 is switched faster in the blocking state and thus in turn the freewheeling circuit for reducing the caused by the coil 1 Abschaltüberspannung activated faster. The switching threshold component 11 forming Zener diode 11 can be switched on and switched, be realized in the form of a thyristor with a zener diode drive or in the form of a varistor circuit.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Freilaufkreis für eine induktive Last zum Abbauen von durch die induktive Last verursachte Abschaltüberspannungen beim Abschalten der induktiven Last, mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) der Freilaufkreis umfasst eine parallel zur Spule (1) lie¬ gende Reihenschaltung aus einer ersten Diode (5) und einem spannungsabhängigen Widerstand (7), 1. Freewheeling circuit for an inductive load for breaking down caused by the inductive load Abschaltüberspannungen when switching off the inductive load, having the following features: a) the freewheeling circuit comprises a parallel to the coil (1) lie ¬ ing series connection of a first diode (5) and a voltage-dependent resistor (7),
b) dem spannungsabhängigen Widerstand (7) ist ein erster b) the voltage-dependent resistor (7) is a first
Schalttransistor (6) parallel geschaltet,  Switching transistor (6) connected in parallel,
c) zur Ansteuerung des ersten Schalttransistors (6) liegt ei¬ ne Parallelschaltung (14) aus einem ersten ohmschen Widerstand (12) und einem Kondensator (13) an dessen Steuereingang (G) , und c) for driving the first switching transistor (6) is ei ¬ ne parallel circuit (14) of a first ohmic resistor (12) and a capacitor (13) at the control input (G), and
d) die Parallelschaltung (14) liegt gleichzeitig über eined) the parallel circuit (14) is simultaneously over a
Reihenschaltung bestehend aus einer zweiten Diode (8) und einer ohmschen Widerstandskomponente (9) an einer Steuerspeisespannungsquelle (2), Series connection consisting of a second diode (8) and a resistive component (9) at a control supply voltage source (2),
dadurch ge kenn ze i chnet , dass die ohmsche Wider- Standskomponente (9) als Reihenschaltung bestehend aus einem ersten ohmschen Widerstand (10) und einer Schaltschwellenkomponente (11) realisiert ist. characterized in that the ohmic resistance component (9) is implemented as a series circuit consisting of a first ohmic resistance (10) and a switching threshold component (11).
2. Freilaufkreis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge kenn- ze i chnet , dass die Schaltschwellenkomponente (11) durch eine Zenerdiode, einen Thyristor mit einer Zenerdioden- Ansteuerung oder eine Varistorschaltung realisiert ist. 2. Freewheeling circuit according to claim 1, characterized ge kenn- ze i chnet that the switching threshold component (11) by a Zener diode, a thyristor with a Zener diode control or a varistor circuit is realized.
3. Freilaufkreis nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e - kennze ichnet , dass der Parallelschaltung (14) ein zweiter Schalttransistor (16) parallel geschaltet ist, und dass bei Auftreten einer Abschaltüberspannung an der induktiven Last (1) der zweite Schalttransistor (16) durchgesteuert und dadurch der erste Schalttransistor (6) gesperrt ist. 3. Freewheeling circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - a second switching transistor (16) is connected in parallel with the parallel circuit (14), and that when a switch-off overvoltage occurs at the inductive load (1), the second switching transistor (16) controlled and thereby the first switching transistor (6) is locked.
4. Freilaufkreis nach Anspruch 3, dadurch ge kennze i chnet , dass der Ansteuerkreis des zweiten Schalttran¬ sistors (16) eine Reihenschaltung aus einem dritten ohmschen Widerstand (17), einer zweiten Zenerdiode (18) und einer dritten Diode (19) enthält, wobei die zweite Zenerdiode (18) und die dritte Diode (19) entgegengesetzt gepolt geschaltet sind . 4. freewheeling circuit according to claim 3, characterized ge ize i chnet that the drive circuit of the second Schalttran ¬ sistor (16) is a series circuit of a third ohmic Resistor (17), a second Zener diode (18) and a third diode (19), wherein the second Zener diode (18) and the third diode (19) are connected in opposite polarity.
EP10743100.9A 2009-09-29 2010-08-10 Free-wheeling circuit Active EP2483984B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102009043415A DE102009043415B3 (en) 2009-09-29 2009-09-29 Freewheeling circuit
PCT/EP2010/061621 WO2011038969A2 (en) 2009-09-29 2010-08-10 Free-wheeling circuit

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KR (1) KR101691900B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103109431B (en)
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DE102009043415B3 (en) 2010-10-14
WO2011038969A2 (en) 2011-04-07
IN2012DN01648A (en) 2015-06-05
US8830649B2 (en) 2014-09-09
CN103109431A (en) 2013-05-15
BR112012006975A2 (en) 2016-04-05
BR112012006975B1 (en) 2020-11-17
KR20120091134A (en) 2012-08-17
KR101691900B1 (en) 2017-01-02
CN103109431B (en) 2015-05-20
EP2483984B1 (en) 2014-10-01
US20120188675A1 (en) 2012-07-26
WO2011038969A3 (en) 2013-04-18

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