EP2479769A1 - Medium-voltage cutting device including a vacuum tube - Google Patents

Medium-voltage cutting device including a vacuum tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2479769A1
EP2479769A1 EP11354078A EP11354078A EP2479769A1 EP 2479769 A1 EP2479769 A1 EP 2479769A1 EP 11354078 A EP11354078 A EP 11354078A EP 11354078 A EP11354078 A EP 11354078A EP 2479769 A1 EP2479769 A1 EP 2479769A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
contact
main
power cut
rocker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11354078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2479769B1 (en
Inventor
Patrice Grosjean
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2479769A1 publication Critical patent/EP2479769A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/125—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker
    • H01H33/126—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker being operated by the distal end of a sectionalising contact arm

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is an electric switch or circuit breaker, particularly suitable for medium voltage, and comprising a vacuum interrupter; the term “medium voltage” (MV) is used in its usual acceptance, ie for a voltage that is greater than 1000 volts AC and 1500 volts DC but does not exceed 52000 volts AC and 75000 volts AC. volts in direct current.
  • MV medium voltage
  • Such devices must ensure the shutdown and isolation of electrical circuits.
  • Their base element is a movable main contact on the electrical circuit so as to have a closed state and an open state of the circuit. Cutting the circuit can however be problematic because of the appearance of an arc crossing the movable contact even when it has been opened. Vacuum bulbs are therefore often added as a bypass to the main contact, so as to pass the current as soon as the main contact is open, which avoids the formation of an arc. When the vacuum bulb is opened in its turn, the circuit is cut reliably since the arc goes out immediately in the vacuum of the bulb.
  • the control mechanism by which the vacuum interrupter is open is advantageously actuated by the movable contact itself during part of its opening stroke so that the operator has only one command to perform and the opening of the Vacuum bulb is synchronized with that of the main circuit with a very small delay.
  • the documents US-A-5,168,139 , FR-A-2,731,434 and FR-A-2,937,786 describe vacuum bulbs or switches incorporating them.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to simplify such switches and / or circuit breakers, more generally electrical cutoff devices, in particular medium voltage.
  • the invention relates to a device that is particularly suitable for medium-voltage shutdown, having a bypass vacuum bulb on a main electrical circuit that can be opened or closed by a movable main contact, the vacuum interrupter having a rod passing through an envelope and carrying a movable contact of said vacuum interrupter, the switch further comprising a control mechanism of the vacuum interrupter actuated by the main contact and actuating the rod and comprising a rotary pendulum connecting the rod and the mobile main contact.
  • the balance is rigid and comprises two hinge regions around which it rotates respectively during the openings and closings of the main electrical circuit.
  • the known complex balance composed of two parts hinged together, is replaced by a unitary balance and mounted flexibly, without fixed points of articulation.
  • the use of a hinge that could be described as oscillating between two fixed points in the direction of rotation of the pendulum allows it to fully intercept the main moving contact in one direction and to be moved by it, but of retract in front of him in the other direction of movement.
  • the mechanism also comprises a rod return spring to an invariable state, which can be connected, for example, to a fixed structure of the switch or balance, or between the envelope and the rod of the vacuum bulb.
  • the balance is articulated to the rod at one of said articulation regions.
  • the control mechanism may then comprise, at the other of said articulation regions, a fixed axis, and a portion of the balance provided with an oblong slot in which the axis plays when the balance wheel rotates around said one of the regions of 'joint.
  • the rod is fixed rigidly to the balance and flexible; the hinge regions are then advantageously points of contact of the balance to fixed parts of the switch, the balance being connected only to the rod in a state not solicited by the moving main contact; said fixed parts of the cut-off device can belong to a sleeve fixed to the vacuum bulb and surrounding the rod, and are situated on either side of the rod.
  • Electrical conduction through the bypass to the vacuum interrupter can be provided by the pendulum, or possibly by a conductive switching tab electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, and extending to a free end superimposed approximately at a free end of the beam which intercepts the movable main contact, the movable main contact rubbing on the free end of the switching tab.
  • the rocker can also rub on the switch tab with a greater resistance than a force exerted by the return spring; this design makes it possible to establish two stable states of the switch at different positions of the beam in the absence of bias by the movable main contact.
  • the movable main contact can be rotating or sliding.
  • the switching device here a switch, comprises a main circuit consisting of an upstream fixed contact (1), a downstream fixed contact (2), a main movable contact (3) connected to the downstream fixed contact ( 2) by a hinge (4) and having a free end (5) for connecting with the free end of the upstream fixed contact (1) to establish a closed state of the circuit, shown in this figure 1 .
  • the vacuum bulb (6) forms a bypass of the main circuit.
  • It comprises an envelope (7), a fixed contact (8) electrically connected to the upstream fixed contact (1) through the envelope (7), a movable contact (9) present in the envelope (7), located at the end a rod (10) whose opposite end extends out of the casing (7) forming a hinge and also with a rocker (12), and the movable contact (9) touches the fixed contact (8) in the closed state of the vacuum interrupter (6), shown here.
  • the tightness of the interior of the casing (7) is preserved by a bellows (13) surrounding the rod (10), one end of which is sealed against an edge of the casing (7) and whose other end is tightened on the rod (10) close to the movable contact (9).
  • a switch tab (14) comprises a handle (15) extending parallel to the end of the fixed upstream contact (1) from the end of the bellows (13), which it touches, up to the free end ( 5) of the main movable contact (3), and an enlarged end, spatula-shaped (16), extending from the handle (15) perpendicular to it towards this free end (5) at a short distance from it.
  • the rocker (12) also comprises two portions (17, 18) forming an angle between them, the first of which, extending in front of the end of the casing (7), bears the articulation (11), a pin for attaching a spring (22) stretched between the rocker (12) and a point (23) of a fixed structure (19) of the switch, and a light (20) in which slides an axis (21) also belonging to the fixed structure (19); the second portion (18) extends in front of the switching tab (14), and their free ends are approximately aligned perpendicularly to the plane of the figure and the main circuit, in the state of closure of the light bulb. empty (6).
  • the switching tab (14) and the rocker (22) may be in frictional contact or not.
  • the opening of the electric circuit is effected by the rotation of the main movable contact (3) by a handle not shown, and the recovery with the upstream fixed contact (1) gradually ceases.
  • the main movable contact (3) reaches the end of the balance (12) before, so that the electric current is directed gradually through the shunt occupied by the vacuum bulb (6), which avoids the creation electric arc between the contacts (1, 3).
  • the electrical conduction is effected by contacts (8, 9), the rod (10), and the balance (12) if all the parts are conductive; it can also be effected through the contacts (8 and 9), the bellows (13) which must then be conductive, and the switching tab (14) if it rubs on the balance (12) or the movable contact principal (3).
  • the stage of figure 3 represents the opening of the switch: the main movable contact (3) is completely separated from the upstream fixed contact (1), and it has started to push back the balance (12), which is nevertheless retained at its opposite end by the spring (22), so that it tilts about the axis (21).
  • the rod (10) is pulled out and separates the movable contact (9) from the fixed contact (8).
  • the electric current is then cut in the vacuum bulb (6).
  • the end of the rocker (12) escapes from the main movable contact (3) ( figure 4 ), and can come back in place by closing the vacuum bulb (1) ( figure 5 ), the circuit remaining open.
  • the figure 7 illustrates the reclosing of the circuit.
  • the main movable contact (3) is brought back in a reverse movement, passes in front of the switching tab (14) by rubbing on it or not and intercepts the end of the beam (12) by rotating it in the opposite direction.
  • the contacts (8, 9) touch, the rod (10) however remains motionless and the rotation of the balance (12) continues around the articulation (11), which remains stationary.
  • the spring (22) is then stretched, and the rocker (12) moves in front of the axis (21), which slides in the oblong slot (20). This continues until the balance (12) escapes the interception of the free end (5).
  • the switch then returns to the state of the figure 1 .
  • the switching tab (14) is absent, as are the axis (21), the light (20), and the hinge (11).
  • the rocker (12) remains united to the rod - now (24) - of the vacuum bulb (6), which consists of a conductive rod having a certain flexibility and which is embedded in the balance (12).
  • a spring (25) is positioned around the rod (24) inside the bellows (13) and recalls the contacts (8, 9) in the closed position.
  • a sleeve (26) is finally established outside the envelope (7) of the vacuum bulb (6), around the rod (24) and stops at a short distance from the balance (12).
  • the opening of the circuit begins as before by a rotation of the main movable contact (3) ( figure 9 ), which is intercepted by the free end of the balance (12); the rocker (12) is moved by pulling the rod (24) against the spring (25), bending it somewhat because of the rotation caused by the main movable contact (3), and a pivot point (27) eventually appears by contact of one end of the beam (12) with a portion of the sleeve (26). But the balance (12) returns in place thanks to the elasticity of the rod (24) of the spring (25) when the main movable contact (3) has exceeded.
  • the reclosing of the circuit is illustrated in the figure 10 the main movable contact (3) tilts the rocker (12) in the opposite direction, again producing a bending of the rod (24) in the opposite direction, and another pivot point (28) is formed between the balance (12) and the sleeve (26) opposite the point (27) above on the sleeve (26).
  • the contacts (8, 9) can be slightly separated.
  • the main movable contact - now (30) - is movable in translation and rubs on the downstream fixed contact (29) during its displacement.
  • the vacuum bulb (6) and the control device are approximately identical to the first embodiment, except that the ends of the balance - now (31) - and the switching tab - now (32) - have proportions modified to take account of the interception with the main movable contact (30): it extends parallel to the rod (10), moves in this direction, and intercepts the balance (31) and the switching tab (32) by a projection (33) which it carries.
  • the figure 12 illustrates the beginning of the opening of the circuit.
  • One end (34) of the main movable contact (30) gradually leaves a flange (35) electrically connected to the upstream fixed contact (1), while the projection (33) slides against the end of the switching tab (32). ) and gradually transfers the current into the branch of the vacuum interrupter (6).
  • the figure 13 illustrates the disconnection of the main circuit and the opening of the vacuum interrupter which follows soon after, the projection (33) pushing the end of the pendulum (31).
  • the rocker (31) has been thus turned to escape the projection (33) and has returned to its position ( figure 14 ), or, ( figure 15 ) on the contrary not returned completely in place but keeps the contacts (8 and 9) open, thanks to a friction between him and the switching tab (32).
  • the main movable contact (30) rotates the balance (31) in the other direction and therefore forces, as in the first embodiment, a movement of the axis (21) in the light (20) consecutive tilting the balance (31) about the axis (30), the contacts (8 and 9) being kept closed, by stretching the spring (22).
  • the switch returns to the state of the figure 11 .

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a vacuum cartridge (6) branch-connected with line-side and load-side stationary contacts (1, 2) and a rotating/sliding main movable contact (3) of a main electric circuit. The cartridge has a rod (10) passing via an enclosure (7) and supporting a movable contact (9) of the cartridge. A vacuum cartridge operating mechanism is actuated by the main contact, and actuates the rod. The mechanism has a rigid rotating rocker arm (12) connecting the rod and the main contact. The arm has articulation regions around which the arm is rotated during opening and closing operations of circuit.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'objet de l'invention est un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur électrique, convenant notamment pour la moyenne tension, et comprenant une ampoule à vide ; le terme « moyenne tension » (MT) est utilisé dans son acceptation habituelle, à savoir que pour une tension qui est supérieure à 1000 volts en courant alternatif et à 1500 volts en courant continu mais qui ne dépasse pas 52000 volts en courant alternatif et 75000 volts en courant continu.The object of the invention is an electric switch or circuit breaker, particularly suitable for medium voltage, and comprising a vacuum interrupter; the term "medium voltage" (MV) is used in its usual acceptance, ie for a voltage that is greater than 1000 volts AC and 1500 volts DC but does not exceed 52000 volts AC and 75000 volts AC. volts in direct current.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

De tels appareils doivent assurer la coupure et l'isolement des circuits électriques. Leur élément de base est un contact principal mobile sur le circuit électrique de façon à posséder un état de fermeture et un état d'ouverture du circuit. La coupure du circuit peut toutefois être problématique à cause de l'apparition d'un arc traversant le contact mobile même quand il a été ouvert. Des ampoules à vide sont donc souvent ajoutées en dérivation au contact principal, de manière à y faire passer le courant dès que le contact principal est ouvert, ce qui évite la formation d'un arc. Quand l'ampoule à vide est ouverte à son tour, le circuit est coupé de façon fiable puisque l'arc s'éteint immédiatement dans le vide de l'ampoule.Such devices must ensure the shutdown and isolation of electrical circuits. Their base element is a movable main contact on the electrical circuit so as to have a closed state and an open state of the circuit. Cutting the circuit can however be problematic because of the appearance of an arc crossing the movable contact even when it has been opened. Vacuum bulbs are therefore often added as a bypass to the main contact, so as to pass the current as soon as the main contact is open, which avoids the formation of an arc. When the vacuum bulb is opened in its turn, the circuit is cut reliably since the arc goes out immediately in the vacuum of the bulb.

Le mécanisme de commande par lequel l'ampoule à vide est ouverte est avantageusement actionné par le contact mobile lui-même pendant une partie de sa course d'ouverture afin que l'opérateur ait une seule commande à effectuer et que l'ouverture de l'ampoule à vide soit synchronisée avec celle du circuit principal avec un très petit retard. Les documents US-A-5 168 139 , FR-A-2 721 434 et FR-A-2 937 786 décrivent des ampoules à vide ou des interrupteurs en comprenant.The control mechanism by which the vacuum interrupter is open is advantageously actuated by the movable contact itself during part of its opening stroke so that the operator has only one command to perform and the opening of the Vacuum bulb is synchronized with that of the main circuit with a very small delay. The documents US-A-5,168,139 , FR-A-2,731,434 and FR-A-2,937,786 describe vacuum bulbs or switches incorporating them.

Des mécanismes de commande variés ont déjà été proposés dans l'art antérieur, mais ils présentent une certaine complication qui implique un inconvénient économique et peut réduire leur fiabilité. Une des raisons est que le contact principal mobile effectue un trajet inverse en refermant le circuit électrique, et qu'il intercepte donc le dispositif de commande comme il l'avait fait pendant l'ouverture du circuit, ce qui n'est pas possible sans précaution puisque le dispositif de commande, généralement rappelé à un état invariable par un ressort, n'a pas un fonctionnement réversible. L'interception pendant la refermeture du circuit est donc empêchée par un escamotage du contact principal ou du dispositif de commande, par exemple en le construisant avec une articulation unidirectionnelle (comme dans le troisième document ci-dessus), qui complique l'interrupteur et peut nuire à sa fiabilité.Various control mechanisms have already been proposed in the prior art, but they present a certain complication which involves an economic disadvantage and can reduce their reliability. One of the reasons is that the moving main contact makes a reverse path by closing the electric circuit, and so it intercepts the control device as it had done during the opening of the circuit, which is not possible without precaution since the control device, generally recalled to a state invariable by a spring, does not have a reversible operation. The interception during the reclosing of the circuit is thus prevented by a retraction of the main contact or the control device, for example by constructing it with a unidirectional articulation (as in the third document above), which complicates the switch and can impair its reliability.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Un objet de l'invention est donc de simplifier de tels interrupteurs et/ou disjoncteurs, plus généralement de dispositifs de coupure électrique, notamment moyenne tension.An object of the invention is therefore to simplify such switches and / or circuit breakers, more generally electrical cutoff devices, in particular medium voltage.

Sous une forme générale, l'invention concerne un dispositif convenant notamment pour la coupure à des moyennes tensions, possédant une ampoule à vide en dérivation sur un circuit électrique principal pouvant être ouvert ou fermé par un contact principal mobile, l'ampoule à vide possédant une tige traversant une enveloppe et portant un contact mobile de ladite ampoule à vide, l'interrupteur comprenant encore un mécanisme de commande de l'ampoule à vide actionné par le contact principal et actionnant la tige et comprenant un balancier tournant reliant la tige et le contact principal mobile. Le balancier est rigide et comprend deux régions d'articulation autour desquelles il tourne respectivement pendant les ouvertures et les fermetures du circuit électrique principal.In a general form, the invention relates to a device that is particularly suitable for medium-voltage shutdown, having a bypass vacuum bulb on a main electrical circuit that can be opened or closed by a movable main contact, the vacuum interrupter having a rod passing through an envelope and carrying a movable contact of said vacuum interrupter, the switch further comprising a control mechanism of the vacuum interrupter actuated by the main contact and actuating the rod and comprising a rotary pendulum connecting the rod and the mobile main contact. The balance is rigid and comprises two hinge regions around which it rotates respectively during the openings and closings of the main electrical circuit.

Le balancier complexe connu, composé de deux parties articulées entre elles, est donc remplacé par un balancier unitaire et monté avec souplesse, sans points d'articulations fixes. L'utilisation d'une articulation que l'on pourrait qualifier d'oscillante entre deux points fixes selon le sens de rotation du balancier lui permet d'intercepter pleinement le contact principal mobile dans un sens et d'être déplacé par lui, mais de s'escamoter devant lui dans l'autre sens de déplacement.The known complex balance, composed of two parts hinged together, is replaced by a unitary balance and mounted flexibly, without fixed points of articulation. The use of a hinge that could be described as oscillating between two fixed points in the direction of rotation of the pendulum allows it to fully intercept the main moving contact in one direction and to be moved by it, but of retract in front of him in the other direction of movement.

Dans la plupart des modes de réalisation, le mécanisme comprend également un ressort de rappel de la tige à un état invariable, qui peut être relié, par exemple, à une structure fixe de l'interrupteur ou balancier, ou entre l'enveloppe et la tige de l'ampoule à vide.In most embodiments, the mechanism also comprises a rod return spring to an invariable state, which can be connected, for example, to a fixed structure of the switch or balance, or between the envelope and the rod of the vacuum bulb.

Dans une conception importante, le balancier est articulé à la tige à une desdites régions d'articulation. Le mécanisme de commande peut alors comprendre, à l'autre desdites régions d'articulation, un axe fixe, et une portion du balancier munie d'une lumière oblongue dans laquelle l'axe joue quand le balancier tourne autour de ladite une des régions d'articulation. Dans une autre conception, la tige est fixée rigidement au balancier et flexible ; les régions d'articulation sont avantageusement alors des points de contact du balancier à des parties fixes de l'interrupteur, le balancier étant lié seulement à la tige à un état non sollicité par le contact principal mobile ; lesdites parties fixes du dispositif de coupure peuvent appartenir à un manchon fixé à l'ampoule à vide et entourant la tige, et sont situées de part et d'autre de la tige.In an important design, the balance is articulated to the rod at one of said articulation regions. The control mechanism may then comprise, at the other of said articulation regions, a fixed axis, and a portion of the balance provided with an oblong slot in which the axis plays when the balance wheel rotates around said one of the regions of 'joint. In another design, the rod is fixed rigidly to the balance and flexible; the hinge regions are then advantageously points of contact of the balance to fixed parts of the switch, the balance being connected only to the rod in a state not solicited by the moving main contact; said fixed parts of the cut-off device can belong to a sleeve fixed to the vacuum bulb and surrounding the rod, and are situated on either side of the rod.

La conduction électrique à travers la dérivation à l'ampoule à vide peut être procurée par le balancier, ou, éventuellement, par une patte de commutation conductrice, reliée électriquement au contact mobile de l'ampoule à vide, et s'étendant jusqu'à une extrémité libre superposée approximativement à une extrémité libre du balancier qui intercepte le contact principal mobile, le contact principal mobile frottant sur l'extrémité libre de la patte de commutation.Electrical conduction through the bypass to the vacuum interrupter can be provided by the pendulum, or possibly by a conductive switching tab electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, and extending to a free end superimposed approximately at a free end of the beam which intercepts the movable main contact, the movable main contact rubbing on the free end of the switching tab.

Quand cette patte existe, le balancier peut frotter aussi sur la patte de commutation avec une résistance plus grande qu'une force exercée par le ressort de rappel ; cette conception permet à volonté d'établir deux états stables de l'interrupteur à des positions différentes du balancier en l'absence de sollicitation par le contact principal mobile.When this leg exists, the rocker can also rub on the switch tab with a greater resistance than a force exerted by the return spring; this design makes it possible to establish two stable states of the switch at different positions of the beam in the absence of bias by the movable main contact.

Le contact principal mobile peut être tournant ou coulissant.The movable main contact can be rotating or sliding.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Certaines réalisations de l'invention seront maintenant décrites à titre purement illustratif en liaison aux figures suivantes :

  • les figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 et 7 illustrent une première réalisation de l'invention et diverses étapes de l'ouverture et de la fermeture du circuit ;
  • les figures 8, 9 et 10 illustrent de même une autre réalisation de l'invention;
  • et les figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 et 16 illustrent une troisième réalisation de l'invention.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described for purely illustrative purposes in connection with the following figures:
  • the Figures 1, 2 , 3, 4 , 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a first embodiment of the invention and various stages of opening and closing the circuit;
  • the figures 8 , 9 and 10 likewise illustrate another embodiment of the invention;
  • and the Figures 11, 12 , 13, 14 , 15 and 16 illustrate a third embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION PREFEREDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Tel que décrit en figure 1, le dispositif de coupure, ici un interrupteur, comprend un circuit principal composé d'un contact fixe amont (1), d'un contact fixe aval (2), d'un contact mobile principal (3) relié au contact fixe aval (2) par une articulation (4) et possédant une extrémité libre (5) pour venir en raccordement avec l'extrémité libre du contact fixe amont (1) pour établir un état de fermeture du circuit, représenté sur cette figure 1. L'ampoule à vide (6) forme une dérivation du circuit principal. Elle comprend une enveloppe (7), un contact fixe (8) relié électriquement au contact fixe amont (1) à travers l'enveloppe (7), un contact mobile (9) présent dans l'enveloppe (7), situé au bout d'une tige (10) dont l'extrémité opposée s'étend hors de l'enveloppe (7) en formant une articulation et aussi avec un balancier (12), et le contact mobile (9) touche le contact fixe (8) à l'état de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide (6), représenté ici. L'étanchéité de l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (7) est préservée par un soufflet (13) entourant la tige (10), dont une extrémité est scellée contre un bord de l'enveloppe (7) et dont l'autre extrémité est ajustée avec serrage sur la tige (10) près du contact mobile (9).As described in figure 1 , the switching device, here a switch, comprises a main circuit consisting of an upstream fixed contact (1), a downstream fixed contact (2), a main movable contact (3) connected to the downstream fixed contact ( 2) by a hinge (4) and having a free end (5) for connecting with the free end of the upstream fixed contact (1) to establish a closed state of the circuit, shown in this figure 1 . The vacuum bulb (6) forms a bypass of the main circuit. It comprises an envelope (7), a fixed contact (8) electrically connected to the upstream fixed contact (1) through the envelope (7), a movable contact (9) present in the envelope (7), located at the end a rod (10) whose opposite end extends out of the casing (7) forming a hinge and also with a rocker (12), and the movable contact (9) touches the fixed contact (8) in the closed state of the vacuum interrupter (6), shown here. The tightness of the interior of the casing (7) is preserved by a bellows (13) surrounding the rod (10), one end of which is sealed against an edge of the casing (7) and whose other end is tightened on the rod (10) close to the movable contact (9).

Une patte de commutation (14) comprend un manche (15) s'étendant parallèlement à l'extrémité du contact amont fixe (1) depuis l'extrémité du soufflet (13), qu'elle touche, jusque devant l'extrémité libre (5) du contact mobile principal (3), et une extrémité élargie, en forme de spatule (16), qui s'étend du manche (15) perpendiculairement à lui vers cette extrémité libre (5) à peu de distance d'elle. Le balancier (12) comprend lui aussi deux portions (17, 18) faisant un angle entre elles, dont la première, qui s'étend devant l'extrémité de l'enveloppe (7), porte l'articulation (11), un pion d'attache d'un ressort (22) tendu entre le balancier (12) et un point (23) d'une structure fixe (19) de l'interrupteur, et une lumière (20) dans laquelle coulisse un axe (21) appartenant aussi à la structure fixe (19) ; la seconde portion (18) s'étend devant la patte de commutation (14), et leurs extrémités libres sont à peu près alignées perpendiculairement au plan de la figure et du circuit principal, dans l'état représenté de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide (6). La patte de commutation (14) et le balancier (22) peuvent être en contact par frottement ou non.A switch tab (14) comprises a handle (15) extending parallel to the end of the fixed upstream contact (1) from the end of the bellows (13), which it touches, up to the free end ( 5) of the main movable contact (3), and an enlarged end, spatula-shaped (16), extending from the handle (15) perpendicular to it towards this free end (5) at a short distance from it. The rocker (12) also comprises two portions (17, 18) forming an angle between them, the first of which, extending in front of the end of the casing (7), bears the articulation (11), a pin for attaching a spring (22) stretched between the rocker (12) and a point (23) of a fixed structure (19) of the switch, and a light (20) in which slides an axis (21) also belonging to the fixed structure (19); the second portion (18) extends in front of the switching tab (14), and their free ends are approximately aligned perpendicularly to the plane of the figure and the main circuit, in the state of closure of the light bulb. empty (6). The switching tab (14) and the rocker (22) may be in frictional contact or not.

Tel qu'illustré en figure 2, l'ouverture du circuit électrique s'effectue par la rotation du contact mobile principal (3) par une manette non représentée, et le recouvrement avec le contact fixe amont (1) cesse peu à peu. Le contact mobile principal (3) atteint toutefois l'extrémité du balancier (12) auparavant, de sorte que le courant électrique est dirigé peu à peu à travers la dérivation occupée par l'ampoule à vide (6), ce qui évite la création d'arc électrique entre les contacts (1, 3). La conduction électrique s'effectue par des contacts (8, 9), la tige (10), et le balancier (12) si toutes les pièces sont conductrices ; elle peut aussi s'effectuer à travers les contacts (8 et 9), le soufflet (13) qui doit alors être conducteur, et la patte de commutation (14) si celle-ci frotte sur le balancier (12) ou le contact mobile principal (3).As illustrated in figure 2 , the opening of the electric circuit is effected by the rotation of the main movable contact (3) by a handle not shown, and the recovery with the upstream fixed contact (1) gradually ceases. The main movable contact (3), however, reaches the end of the balance (12) before, so that the electric current is directed gradually through the shunt occupied by the vacuum bulb (6), which avoids the creation electric arc between the contacts (1, 3). The electrical conduction is effected by contacts (8, 9), the rod (10), and the balance (12) if all the parts are conductive; it can also be effected through the contacts (8 and 9), the bellows (13) which must then be conductive, and the switching tab (14) if it rubs on the balance (12) or the movable contact principal (3).

L'étape de la figure 3 représente l'ouverture de l'interrupteur : le contact mobile principal (3) est complètement séparé du contact fixe amont (1), et il a commencé de repousser le balancier (12), qui est toutefois retenu à son extrémité opposée par le ressort (22), de sorte qu'il bascule autour de l'axe (21). La tige (10) est tirée et sépare le contact mobile (9) du contact fixe (8). Le courant électrique est alors coupé dans l'ampoule à vide (6). Quand la rotation du contact mobile principal (3) est poursuivie, l'extrémité du balancier (12) s'échappe du contact mobile principal (3) (figure 4), et peut revenir en place en refermant l'ampoule à vide (1) (figure 5), le circuit restant ouvert. Il est toutefois possible, d'après une variante représentée à la figure 6, qu'un frottement entre le balancier (12) et la patte de commutation (14) maintienne celui-là à la position où le contact mobile principal (3) l'a repoussée, en maintenant l'ampoule à vide (6) ouverte, ce qui peut améliorer le sectionnement.The stage of figure 3 represents the opening of the switch: the main movable contact (3) is completely separated from the upstream fixed contact (1), and it has started to push back the balance (12), which is nevertheless retained at its opposite end by the spring (22), so that it tilts about the axis (21). The rod (10) is pulled out and separates the movable contact (9) from the fixed contact (8). The electric current is then cut in the vacuum bulb (6). When the rotation of the main movable contact (3) is continued, the end of the rocker (12) escapes from the main movable contact (3) ( figure 4 ), and can come back in place by closing the vacuum bulb (1) ( figure 5 ), the circuit remaining open. However, it is possible, according to a variant shown in figure 6 , that a friction between the rocker (12) and the switching tab (14) maintains that one at the position where the main movable contact (3) pushed it, keeping the vacuum bulb (6) open , which can improve sectioning.

La figure 7 illustre la refermeture du circuit. Le contact mobile principal (3) est ramené d'un mouvement inverse, passe devant la patte de commutation (14) en frottant sur elle ou non et intercepte l'extrémité du balancier (12) en le faisant tourner dans le sens opposé. Quand les contacts (8, 9) se touchent, la tige (10) reste toutefois immobile et la rotation du balancier (12) se poursuit autour de l'articulation (11), qui reste immobile. Le ressort (22) est alors tendu, et le balancier (12) se déplace devant l'axe (21), qui coulisse dans la lumière (20) oblongue. Cela continue jusqu'à ce que le balancier (12) échappe à l'interception de l'extrémité libre (5). L'interrupteur revient alors à l'état de la figure 1.The figure 7 illustrates the reclosing of the circuit. The main movable contact (3) is brought back in a reverse movement, passes in front of the switching tab (14) by rubbing on it or not and intercepts the end of the beam (12) by rotating it in the opposite direction. When the contacts (8, 9) touch, the rod (10) however remains motionless and the rotation of the balance (12) continues around the articulation (11), which remains stationary. The spring (22) is then stretched, and the rocker (12) moves in front of the axis (21), which slides in the oblong slot (20). This continues until the balance (12) escapes the interception of the free end (5). The switch then returns to the state of the figure 1 .

Dans un autre mode de réalisation (figure 8), la patte de commutation (14) est absente, de même que l'axe (21), la lumière (20), et l'articulation (11). Le balancier (12) reste toutefois uni à la tige - maintenant (24) - de l'ampoule à vide (6), qui consiste en une tige conductrice possédant une certaine flexibilité et qui est encastrée dans le balancier (12). Un ressort (25) est positionné autour de la tige (24) à l'intérieur du soufflet (13) et rappelle les contacts (8, 9) en position fermée. Un manchon (26) est enfin établi hors de l'enveloppe (7) de l'ampoule à vide (6), autour de la tige (24) et s'arrête à peu de distance du balancier (12).In another embodiment ( figure 8 ), the switching tab (14) is absent, as are the axis (21), the light (20), and the hinge (11). The rocker (12), however, remains united to the rod - now (24) - of the vacuum bulb (6), which consists of a conductive rod having a certain flexibility and which is embedded in the balance (12). A spring (25) is positioned around the rod (24) inside the bellows (13) and recalls the contacts (8, 9) in the closed position. A sleeve (26) is finally established outside the envelope (7) of the vacuum bulb (6), around the rod (24) and stops at a short distance from the balance (12).

L'ouverture du circuit commence comme précédemment par une rotation du contact mobile principal (3) (figure 9), qui est intercepté par l'extrémité libre du balancier (12) ; le déplacement du balancier (12) s'effectue en tirant la tige (24) contre le ressort (25), en la courbant quelque peu à cause de la rotation que lui inflige le contact mobile principal (3), et un point de pivotement (27) finit par apparaître par contact d'une extrémité du balancier (12) avec une portion du manchon (26). Mais le balancier (12) revient en place grâce à l'élasticité de la tige (24) du ressort (25) quand le contact mobile principal (3) l'a dépassé.The opening of the circuit begins as before by a rotation of the main movable contact (3) ( figure 9 ), which is intercepted by the free end of the balance (12); the rocker (12) is moved by pulling the rod (24) against the spring (25), bending it somewhat because of the rotation caused by the main movable contact (3), and a pivot point (27) eventually appears by contact of one end of the beam (12) with a portion of the sleeve (26). But the balance (12) returns in place thanks to the elasticity of the rod (24) of the spring (25) when the main movable contact (3) has exceeded.

La refermeture du circuit est illustrée à la figure 10 : le contact mobile principal (3) fait basculer le balancier (12) dans le sens opposé, produisant de nouveau une flexion de la tige (24), en sens inverse, et il se forme un autre point de pivotement (28) entre le balancier (12) et le manchon (26), opposé au point (27) précédent sur le manchon (26). Les contacts (8, 9) peuvent être légèrement séparés.The reclosing of the circuit is illustrated in the figure 10 the main movable contact (3) tilts the rocker (12) in the opposite direction, again producing a bending of the rod (24) in the opposite direction, and another pivot point (28) is formed between the balance (12) and the sleeve (26) opposite the point (27) above on the sleeve (26). The contacts (8, 9) can be slightly separated.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation (figure 11), le contact mobile principal - maintenant (30) - est mobile en translation et frotte sur le contact fixe aval (29) au cours de son déplacement. L'ampoule à vide (6) et le dispositif de commande sont à peu près identiques à la première réalisation, si ce n'est que les extrémités du balancier - maintenant (31) - et de la patte de commutation - maintenant (32) - ont des proportions modifiées pour tenir compte de l'interception avec le contact mobile principal (30) : celui-ci s'étend parallèlement à la tige (10), se déplace dans cette direction, et il intercepte le balancier (31) et la patte de commutation (32) par une saillie (33) qu'il porte.In another embodiment ( figure 11 ), the main movable contact - now (30) - is movable in translation and rubs on the downstream fixed contact (29) during its displacement. The vacuum bulb (6) and the control device are approximately identical to the first embodiment, except that the ends of the balance - now (31) - and the switching tab - now (32) - have proportions modified to take account of the interception with the main movable contact (30): it extends parallel to the rod (10), moves in this direction, and intercepts the balance (31) and the switching tab (32) by a projection (33) which it carries.

La figure 12 illustre le début de l'ouverture du circuit. Une extrémité (34) du contact mobile principal (30) quitte peu à peu une collerette (35) reliée électriquement au contact fixe amont (1), tandis que la saillie (33) glisse contre l'extrémité de la patte de commutation (32) et transfère peu à peu le courant dans la dérivation de l'ampoule à vide (6). La figure 13 illustre la déconnexion du circuit principal et l'ouverture de l'ampoule à vide qui s'ensuit peu après, la saillie (33) poussant l'extrémité du balancier (31). Quand l'ouverture du circuit est complète, le balancier (31) a été ainsi tourné pour échapper à la saillie (33) et est revenu en place (figure 14), ou bien, (figure 15) n'est au contraire pas revenu complètement en place mais maintient les contacts (8 et 9) ouverts, grâce à un frottement réalisé entre lui et la patte de commutation (32). Quand le circuit est refermé, le contact mobile principal (30) tourne le balancier (31) dans l'autre sens et force donc, comme dans la première réalisation, un mouvement de l'axe (21) dans la lumière (20) consécutif au basculement du balancier (31) autour de l'axe (30), les contacts (8 et 9) étant maintenus fermés, en tendant le ressort (22). Quand la saillie (33) a dépassé le balancier (31) dans le sens de fermeture, l'interrupteur revient à l'état de la figure 11.The figure 12 illustrates the beginning of the opening of the circuit. One end (34) of the main movable contact (30) gradually leaves a flange (35) electrically connected to the upstream fixed contact (1), while the projection (33) slides against the end of the switching tab (32). ) and gradually transfers the current into the branch of the vacuum interrupter (6). The figure 13 illustrates the disconnection of the main circuit and the opening of the vacuum interrupter which follows soon after, the projection (33) pushing the end of the pendulum (31). When the opening of the circuit is complete, the rocker (31) has been thus turned to escape the projection (33) and has returned to its position ( figure 14 ), or, ( figure 15 ) on the contrary not returned completely in place but keeps the contacts (8 and 9) open, thanks to a friction between him and the switching tab (32). When the circuit is closed, the main movable contact (30) rotates the balance (31) in the other direction and therefore forces, as in the first embodiment, a movement of the axis (21) in the light (20) consecutive tilting the balance (31) about the axis (30), the contacts (8 and 9) being kept closed, by stretching the spring (22). When the protrusion (33) has passed the balance (31) in the closing direction, the switch returns to the state of the figure 11 .

Claims (14)

Dispositif de coupure de courant, convenant notamment pour des moyennes tensions, possédant une ampoule à vide (6) en dérivation sur un circuit électrique principal (1, 2, 3 ; 1, 30, 29) pouvant être ouvert ou fermé par un contact principal mobile (3), l'ampoule à vide (6) possédant une tige (10, 24) traversant une enveloppe (7) et portant un contact mobile (9) de ladite ampoule à vide (6), le dispositif comprenant encore un mécanisme de commande de l'ampoule à vide (6), actionné par le contact principal (3) et actionnant la tige (10 ; 24) et comprenant un balancier tournant (12, 31) reliant la tige (10, 24) et le contact principal mobile (3, 30), caractérisé en ce que le balancier (12, 31) est rigide et comprend deux régions d'articulation (12 , 21 ; 27, 28) autour desquelles il tourne respectivement pendant les ouvertures et les fermetures du circuit électrique principal (1, 2, 3 ; 1, 30, 29).Power cut-off device, particularly suitable for medium voltages, having a vacuum interrupter (6) branched to a main electric circuit (1, 2, 3; 1, 30, 29) which can be opened or closed by a main contact mobile (3), the vacuum bulb (6) having a rod (10, 24) passing through a casing (7) and carrying a movable contact (9) of said vacuum bulb (6), the device further comprising a mechanism for controlling the vacuum interrupter (6), actuated by the main contact (3) and actuating the rod (10; 24) and comprising a rotating balance (12, 31) connecting the rod (10, 24) and the contact mobile main (3, 30), characterized in that the rocker (12, 31) is rigid and comprises two hinge regions (12, 21; 27, 28) around which it rotates respectively during the openings and the closures of the circuit main electrical system (1, 2, 3; 1, 30, 29). Dispositif de coupure de courant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le mécanisme de commande comprend un ressort (22, 25) de rappel de la tige (10, 24) à un état invariable.A power cut-off device according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a spring (22, 25) for returning the rod (10, 24) to an invariable state. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le ressort (22) est relié à une structure fixe (19) du dispositif et au balancier (12).A power cut-off device according to claim 2, wherein the spring (22) is connected to a fixed structure (19) of the device and to the rocker (12). Dispositif de coupure de courant selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le ressort (25) est disposé entre l'enveloppe et la tige de l'ampoule à vide (6).A power cut-off device according to claim 2, wherein the spring (25) is disposed between the casing and the stem of the vacuum bulb (6). Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le balancier (12, 31) est articulé à la tige (10, 24), à une desdites régions d'articulation.Power cut-off device according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the rocker (12, 31) is articulated to the rod (10, 24), to one of said hinge regions. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le mécanisme de commande comprend, à l'autre desdites régions d'articulation, un axe (21) fixe, et une portion du balancier munie d'une lumière (20) oblongue dans laquelle l'axe joue quand le balancier tourne autour de ladite une des régions d'articulation.A power cut-off device according to claim 5, wherein the control mechanism comprises, at the other of said articulation regions, a fixed axis (21) and a portion of the beam provided with an oblong slot (20) in which axis plays when the rocker rotates around said one of the articulation regions. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la tige (10) est fixée rigidement au balancier et flexible.A power cutoff device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rod (10) is rigidly attached to the pendulum and flexible. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 7, dans lequel les régions d'articulation sont des points de contact du balancier à des parties fixes (27, 28) du dispositif, le balancier étant lié seulement à la tige à un état non sollicité par le contact principal mobile.A power cut-off device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 7, wherein the hinge regions are points of contact of the balance to fixed parts (27, 28) of the device, the balance being connected only to the rod to a state not solicited by the movable main contact. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon la revendication 8, dans lequel lesdites parties fixes du dispositif de coupure de courant appartiennent à un manchon (26) fixé à l'ampoule à vide et entourant la tige, et sont situées de part et d'autre de la tige.A power cut-off device according to claim 8, wherein said fixed portions of the current cut-off device belong to a sleeve (26) attached to the vacuum interrupter and surrounding the rod, and are located on either side of the the stem. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel le contact entre le balancier et le contact principal mobile est réalisé soit par frottement soit par un système de pinces articulées.A power cut-off device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the contact between the beam and the movable main contact is made either by friction or by a system of articulated grippers. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant en outre une patte de commutation conductrice (14), reliée électriquement au contact mobile de l'ampoule à vide, et s'étendant jusqu'à une extrémité libre superposée approximativement à une extrémité libre du balancier qui intercepte le contact principal mobile, le contact principal mobile frottant sur l'extrémité libre de la patte de commutation.A power cutoff device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a conductive switching tab (14) electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter and extending to a free end superimposed approximately at a free end of the beam which intercepts the movable main contact, the movable main contact rubbing on the free end of the switching tab. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon les revendications 2 et 10, dans lequel le balancier frotte aussi sur la patte de commutation, avec une résistance plus grande qu'une force exercée par le ressort de rappel.A power cutoff device according to claims 2 and 10, wherein the rocker also rubs on the switch tab, with a greater resistance than a force exerted by the return spring. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel le contact principal mobile est tournant.A power cutoff device according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the movable main contact is rotating. Dispositif de coupure de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel le contact principal mobile est coulissant.A power cutoff device according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the movable main contact is slidable.
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EP2879146A1 (en) 2013-11-29 2015-06-03 Schneider Electric Industries SAS A linkage for actuating a disconnector switch blade for synchronising a sbs with disconnector switch of rmu
EP2927926A1 (en) 2014-04-03 2015-10-07 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Medium voltage switchgear comprising two switches per phase
EP3046128A1 (en) 2015-01-15 2016-07-20 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Shunt breaking system
EP3046129A1 (en) 2015-01-15 2016-07-20 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Shunt breaking system
EP3073504A1 (en) 2015-03-27 2016-09-28 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Switch of a three-phase network
FR3034251A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-09-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sas SWITCH OF A THREE-PHASE NETWORK
WO2021083609A1 (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum switch device for a circuit having a main and auxiliary current path
US11948765B2 (en) 2021-03-24 2024-04-02 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Switching system of an electrical device

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CN102623234B (en) 2015-12-16
FR2970809A1 (en) 2012-07-27
RU2578174C2 (en) 2016-03-20
US20120187090A1 (en) 2012-07-26
AU2012200370B2 (en) 2014-05-01
CN102623234A (en) 2012-08-01
BR102012001647B1 (en) 2020-05-19
US9058948B2 (en) 2015-06-16
ES2525080T3 (en) 2014-12-17
BR102012001647A2 (en) 2015-07-21
EP2479769B1 (en) 2014-10-22
FR2970809B1 (en) 2013-02-22
RU2012102335A (en) 2013-07-27
AU2012200370A1 (en) 2012-08-09

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