EP2473657A1 - Fire-retardant cellulose fiber, use thereof, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Fire-retardant cellulose fiber, use thereof, and method for the production thereof

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Publication number
EP2473657A1
EP2473657A1 EP10754846A EP10754846A EP2473657A1 EP 2473657 A1 EP2473657 A1 EP 2473657A1 EP 10754846 A EP10754846 A EP 10754846A EP 10754846 A EP10754846 A EP 10754846A EP 2473657 A1 EP2473657 A1 EP 2473657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
cellulose
fibers
fiber
viscose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10754846A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2473657B1 (en
Inventor
Gert Kroner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lenzing AG
Original Assignee
Lenzing AG
Chemiefaser Lenzing AG
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

  • the present invention provides flame-retarded cellulosic regenerated fibers having improved functional properties for textile
  • Fibers by the viscose process are mainly known today as cellulosic regenerated fibers and are produced worldwide for standard applications in the textile and nonwovens sector with a single fiber titer of between 0.8 and 16 dtex.
  • flame-retardant finish of viscose fibers various chemicals are described in the literature. Above all, flame retardants based on halogens, silicon and phosphorus are used.
  • the patent US2678330 describes the use of a bis (2,3-dichloropropyl) chlorophosphonate for this purpose.
  • the publication GB1158231 mentions the use of a tris (1-bromo-3-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate.
  • the patent FR2138400 describes the use of liquid polybromobenzenes and more preferably hexabromobenzene. Since liquid flame retardants are only embedded in the structure of the fiber but do not bind to the cellulose component, the migration of these chemicals from the fiber is significantly higher than with solid substances. Especially after repeated drying at high temperatures (e.g., in the tunnel dryer), the flame retardancy of the fiber can be significantly reduced.
  • the Soviet patent SU661047 also describes the use of halogenated compounds such as hexachlorocyclohexane, halogenated benzenes and tris (dibromo-propyl) phosphate.
  • halogenated flame retardants was in recent years due to ecological Concerns greatly reduced and does not represent a sustainable solution for future developments.
  • Tris (dibromo-propyl) phosphate for example, even led by the Oeko-Tex® community as a prohibited flame retardant.
  • Viscose fibers whose flame retardant effect relies on the use of silicates - described e.g. in the patents W09313249 or CN1847476 - are ecologically harmless, but by no means meet the
  • Patent EP0836634 describes a flame-retarded regenerated fiber made by the lyocell process which would theoretically meet the above requirements. The production of there
  • Dispersions for the flame-retardant finish of viscose fibers are Dispersions for the flame-retardant finish of viscose fibers.
  • EP1882760 also describes the preparation of flame-retardant
  • Viscose fibers using flame retardant dispersions based on a 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide There is described as an important feature of the invention that the particle size may be a maximum of 10 pm and that the spinning mass must therefore be cleaned before spinning through filters with a maximum mesh size of 10 pm. However, it has been found that this criterion is not sufficient to produce fibers that describe the one described here
  • Particle size of 10 pm may be for viscose filaments, i. H.
  • Endless filaments sufficient, but far from meeting the requirements of modern staple fiber production with fiber finenesses of about 1 to 4 dtex; a 1, 3 dtex fiber has a diameter of about 10 pm.
  • Standard viscose fibers are now widely used in light-weight fashion textiles.
  • the low strength, especially when wet, the high elongation and the high surface shrinkage put the use of viscose but limits.
  • these textile properties do not permit use in segments which require frequent washing (especially in industrial washes) of the textiles.
  • a measure of the washability is the area shrinkage.
  • BISFA wet modulus measured according to the regulations of BISFA and therefore hereafter called BISFA wet modulus (BISFA, Testing Methods Viscose, Modal, Lyocell and Acetate Staple Fibers and Tows, 2004 Edition).
  • the fibers described in the prior art, or commercially available are all made by standard viscose methods. Although they show comparatively good mechanical fiber data for flame-retardant viscose fibers, since the phosphorus contents are very low.
  • Synthetic high performance fibers such as (aromatic) polyamides, aramids, polyimides and the like are already commonly used for such products.
  • these fibers have a low wearing comfort, since they are not able to absorb moisture sufficiently.
  • the prior art merely discloses
  • this object could be achieved by a flame-retardant regenerated cellulose fiber for textile applications, which as a flame-retardant substance, a spun, particulate,
  • Phosphorus compound preferably contains an organophosphorus compound and has a use value between 6 and 35, preferably between 8 and 35 and particularly preferably between 10 and 35.
  • Such a fiber could be produced for the first time by a modified viscose process according to the invention.
  • This flame retardant substance preferably has one
  • organophosphorus compound 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'-disulfide (Formula I) is preferably used.
  • This substance is among others under the trade names Exolit and Sandoflam in
  • the fiber according to the invention contains at least 2.8%, preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, particularly preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% phosphorus, in each case based on cellulose.
  • a flame-retarded fiber of the invention having a BISFA wet modulus B m of greater than or equal to 0.5 x (V " T) x 10 ⁇ at an elongation of 5% in the wet state, where T is the denier of a single fiber , expressed in dtex, B m is expressed in cN / tex.
  • the fiber according to the invention is present as a staple fiber, d. H. it becomes uniform throughout the manufacturing process
  • Usual cutting lengths for staple fibers for the textile sector are between about 20 and 150 mm. Only such a uniform length of all Fibers allow easy processing on today's in the textile chain usual machines with high productivity.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the fiber according to the invention for the production of a game.
  • a yarn is characterized by yarns made of fibers, which were previously available, by a significantly higher strength. Order for the respective
  • such yarn according to the invention in addition to the fibers according to the invention may also contain fibers of other origin, for example wool, flame-retardant wool, para- and meta-aramids, polybenzimidazole (PBI), p-phenyl-2,6-Bezobisoxazol (PBO ), Polyimide (P84®), polyamideimide (Kermel®), modacrylic, polyamides, flame-retarded polyamides, flame-retarded acrylic fibers, melamine fibers, polyesters, flame-retardant polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass fibers, cotton, silk,
  • fibers of other origin for example wool, flame-retardant wool, para- and meta-aramids, polybenzimidazole (PBI), p-phenyl-2,6-Bezobisoxazol (PBO ), Polyimide (P84®), polyamideimide (Kermel®
  • PANOX® oxidized thermally stabilized polyacrylonitrile
  • this fabric may also contain other fibers, for example and in particular wool,
  • PPS Polyphenylene sulfide
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PANOX® fibers Polyacrylonitrile (PANOX®) fibers and electrically conductive fibers, and mixtures of these fibers.
  • the sheet is preferably a woven, knitted or knitted fabric, but may in principle also be a nonwoven. Also for high quality nonwovens is the use of fibers with high BISFA wet modulus and high strength crucial.
  • the mixture of the fibers according to the invention with the other fibers is either by mixing before yarn production, the so-called
  • the fiber according to the invention can be replaced by an inventive
  • Endless filaments have been known in principle for many years and, for example, described in detail by K. Götze, Chemiefasern nach den Viskoseclar, 1967.
  • the textile properties of the resulting fibers and filaments are significantly affected by many parameters.
  • limits are set for many influencing factors by the design of the existing production plants, which can not be exceeded for technical or economic reasons, so that any variations of the parameters are often not possible and therefore the expert would not have caused this.
  • the spinning parameters must be adjusted accordingly due to the Zudöstechnik the flame-retardant FR-pigment.
  • the invention therefore also provides a process for producing a flame retarded regenerated cellulose fiber for textile applications by spinning a viscose with a content of 4 to 7% cellulose, 5 to 10% NaOH, 36 to 42% (based on cellulose) carbon disulfide and 1 to 5% (based on cellulose) of a modifier in a spin bath, stripping off the coagulated filaments, using a viscose whose spin gamma value is 50 to 68, preferably 55 to 58, and whose Spinning viscosity is 50 to 120 falling seconds; and that the
  • the final discharge takes place from the spinning bath at a speed between 5 and 60 m / min and
  • a pigmented organophosphorus compound is spun in the form of a pigment dispersion.
  • a viscose is used, to which the modifier is added only shortly before the spinning of the viscose.
  • Cellulosic molecules bound carbon disulfide molecules.
  • Spinning gamma value is determined according to Zellcheming leaflet draft by R. Stahn [1958] or leaflet III / F 2.
  • the term "falling ball” is understood to mean the viscosity determined by the falling ball method; it is expressed in terms of bullet seconds. The determination is given in K. Götze, Chemiefasern [1951], p. 175.
  • the flame retardant phosphorus compound which is prepared as a pigment, according to the invention, the viscose spinning solution in the form of a
  • Pigment dispersion added.
  • the finished fiber contains at least 2.6%, preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, more preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% phosphorus, based on cellulose.
  • a flame retardant which is particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention is
  • Organophosphorus compound 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane] 2,2'-disulphide is an important component of the pigment dispersion.
  • the quality of the pigment dispersion has a significant influence on the fiber properties. This is determined by the average and maximum particle size of the pigments, the concentration of the dispersion in use, d. H. during the addition to the viscose spinning solution, as well as the type and amount of the dispersing aids.
  • Fig. 2 shows a size distribution of a still suitable pigment dispersion.
  • the pigment dispersion should contain between 10 and 50% of the flame retardant.
  • the influence of the dispersant is not described as fully as it would be appropriate. Many chemicals that have a superbly stabilized
  • Flame retardant provide, but have a negative impact on the spinning process, as they also have a modifying effect in the viscose, but not positively affect the fiber strength, in contrast to the modifiers used. As ideal
  • Dispersants for the flame retardant dispersion for the production of the fibers according to the invention which do not adversely affect the fiber strength, have been found to be particularly those selected from the group consisting of containing modified polycarboxylates, water-soluble polyesters,
  • the pigment dispersion should contain between 1, 5 and 13% of the dispersing aid.
  • Alkylpolyglykoletherphosphorklareester 6 parts by weight of 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide, 6 parts by weight of water and 0.55 parts by weight Alkylpolyglykoletherphosphorklareester be homogenized by means of a dissolver and in a stirred ball mill (Drais, type Perl Mill PML-V / H) with ZirkonoxidmahlSystemn at a temperature of 40-55 ° C.
  • the alkali cellulose nonwoven was fiberized, aged and sulfided.
  • the xanthate was dissolved with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a viscose with 5.6% cellulose, 6.8% NaOH and 39% CS 2 , based on cellulose.
  • the viscose was filtered 4 times and vented. The viscose was 1 h before spinning 3%, based on cellulose, ethoxylated amine, a
  • the nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 ⁇ m.
  • the spin bath contains 72 g / l sulfuric acid, 120 g / l sodium sulfate and 60 g / l zinc sulfate.
  • the spinning bath temperature was 38 ° C.
  • Regenerated plastic thread strand of pale yellow color was over a Galette (G 1) in a second bath, whose temperature was 95 ° C, out and stretched there between G 1 and a second galette (G 2) by 120%.
  • the final discharge was 42 m / min.
  • the tow was cut into stacks of 40 mm in length which were completely dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid
  • the nozzles used have a Düsenioch preparer of 50 pm.
  • the spin bath contains 73 g / l sulfuric acid, 120 g / l sodium sulfate and 58 g / l zinc sulfate.
  • Example 4 (comparative example) A fiber was made according to the teaching of CN 101037812. Since no information is given on the wet modulus in this publication, the conditions of the example with the highest wet strength (Example 2, 1, 52 cN / tex) of the obtained fiber were selected and
  • the nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 pm.
  • the spin bath contains 15 g / l of sulfuric acid, 330 g / l of sodium sulfate and 45 g / l of zinc sulfate.
  • a fiber was made according to CN1904156, with the process conditions specifically recommended there being set:
  • the nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 pm.
  • the spinning bath contains 1 15 g / l sulfuric acid, 350 g / l sodium sulfate and 1 1 g / l Zinksulfati
  • the spinning bath temperature was 49 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire-retardant regenerated cellulose fiber for textile uses which also satisfy the requirements for industrial laundry, for example. The invention further relates to the use of said fiber for producing yarns and sheet material as well as to a method for producing said fibers.

Description

Flammgehemmte cellulosische Faser, deren Verwendung sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung  Flame-retarded cellulosic fiber, its use and process for its preparation
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind flammgehemmte cellulosische Regeneratfasern mit verbesserten Gebrauchseigenschaften für textileThe present invention provides flame-retarded cellulosic regenerated fibers having improved functional properties for textile
Anwendungen, die beispielsweise auch den Anforderungen einer industriellen Wäsche genügen, deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Garnen und Flächengebilden sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Fasern. Stand der Technik: Applications that meet, for example, the requirements of industrial laundry, their use for the production of yarns and fabrics and a process for producing these fibers. State of the art:
Als cellulosische Regeneratfasern sind heute vor allem Fasern nach dem Viskoseverfahren bekannt und werden weltweit für Standardanwendungen im Textil- und Nonwovens-Bereich mit einem Einzelfasertiter zwischen 0,8 und 16 dtex hergestellt. Zur flammhemmenden Ausrüstung von Viskosefasern werden in der Literatur verschiedenste Chemikalien beschrieben. Dabei kommen vor allem Flammschutzmittel auf Basis von Halogenen, Silizium und Phosphor zum Einsatz.  Fibers by the viscose process are mainly known today as cellulosic regenerated fibers and are produced worldwide for standard applications in the textile and nonwovens sector with a single fiber titer of between 0.8 and 16 dtex. For the flame-retardant finish of viscose fibers various chemicals are described in the literature. Above all, flame retardants based on halogens, silicon and phosphorus are used.
In der Patentschrift US2678330 wird für diesen Zweck der Einsatz eines bis(2,3-dichloropropyl)chlorophosphonats beschrieben. Die Veröffentlichung GB1158231 erwähnt den Einsatz eines tris(1-bromo-3-chloro-2- propyl)phosphats. Die Patentschrift FR2138400 beschreibt den Einsatz von flüssigen Polybrombenzolen und besonders bevorzugt Hexabrombenzol. Da flüssige Flammschutzmittel nur in die Struktur der Faser eingebettet werden, aber keine Bindung zur Cellulosekomponente aufbauen, ist die Migration dieser Chemikalien aus der Faser deutlich höher als bei festen Substanzen. Vor allem nach mehrmaligem Trocknen bei hohen Temperaturen (z.B. im Tunneltrockner) kann die flammhemmende Eigenschaft der Faser deutlich reduziert sein. The patent US2678330 describes the use of a bis (2,3-dichloropropyl) chlorophosphonate for this purpose. The publication GB1158231 mentions the use of a tris (1-bromo-3-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate. The patent FR2138400 describes the use of liquid polybromobenzenes and more preferably hexabromobenzene. Since liquid flame retardants are only embedded in the structure of the fiber but do not bind to the cellulose component, the migration of these chemicals from the fiber is significantly higher than with solid substances. Especially after repeated drying at high temperatures (e.g., in the tunnel dryer), the flame retardancy of the fiber can be significantly reduced.
Auch das sowjetische Patent SU661047 beschreibt den Einsatz von halogenierten Verbindungen wie z.B. Hexachlorocyclohexan, halogenierten Benzolen und tris(dibromo-propyl)phosphat. Der Einsatz halogenhältiger Flammschutzmittel wurde in den letzten Jahren aufgrund ökologischer Bedenken stark reduziert und stellt auch für zukünftige Entwicklungen keine nachhaltige Lösung dar. Tris(dibromo-propyl)phosphat wird beispielsweise von der Oeko-Tex®-Gemeinschaft sogar als verbotenes Flammschutzmittel geführt. The Soviet patent SU661047 also describes the use of halogenated compounds such as hexachlorocyclohexane, halogenated benzenes and tris (dibromo-propyl) phosphate. The use of halogenated flame retardants was in recent years due to ecological Concerns greatly reduced and does not represent a sustainable solution for future developments. Tris (dibromo-propyl) phosphate, for example, even led by the Oeko-Tex® community as a prohibited flame retardant.
Viskosefasern, deren flammhemmender Effekt auf dem Einsatz von Silikaten beruht - beschrieben z.B. in den Patenten W09313249 oder CN1847476 - sind ökologisch unbedenklich, erfüllen aber bei weitem nicht die Viscose fibers whose flame retardant effect relies on the use of silicates - described e.g. in the patents W09313249 or CN1847476 - are ecologically harmless, but by no means meet the
Anforderungen der modernen Textilindustrie bezüglich der mechanischen Fasereigenschaften und der Waschbeständigkeit. Nach dem heutigen Stand des Wissens können nur komplett wasserunlösliche feste phosphorhältige Flammschutzmittel, die keine Halogene enthalten, alle gewünschten Requirements of the modern textile industry regarding the mechanical fiber properties and the washing resistance. According to the current state of knowledge, only completely water-insoluble solid phosphorus-containing flame retardants which do not contain halogens, all desired
Anforderungen bezüglich Ökologie, flammhemmendem Verhalten, textilen Daten und sonstigen Gebrauchseigenschaften erfüllen. Meet environmental, flame retardant, textile and other performance requirements.
Das Patent EP0836634 beschreibt eine flammgehemmte Regeneratfaser, die nach dem Lyocell-Prozess hergestellt wurde und die theoretisch die oben genannten Anforderungen erfüllen würde. Die Herstellung der dort Patent EP0836634 describes a flame-retarded regenerated fiber made by the lyocell process which would theoretically meet the above requirements. The production of there
verwendeten Phosphorverbindung ist jedoch nicht in einem großtechnischen Maßstab möglich und daher zu teuer, so dass diese Faser für die Praxis keine Alternative darstellt. However, the phosphorus compound used is not possible on a large scale and therefore too expensive, so that this fiber is not an alternative in practice.
Die Herstellung von flammgehemmten Viskosefasern basierend auf der Inkorporation eines phosphorhaltigen Pigments in einem The production of flame-retarded viscose fibers based on the incorporation of a phosphorus-containing pigment in one
Standardviskoseverfahren wird auch in den chinesischen Patenten Standard viscose is also used in Chinese patents
CN101215726, CN101037812 und CN1904156 beschrieben. Die in diesen Patenten beschriebenen Fasern genügen jedoch nicht den hohen  CN101215726, CN101037812 and CN1904156. However, the fibers described in these patents are not sufficient for the high
Anforderungen der modernen Textilindustrie und deren Kunden, wie später anhand von Versuchen gezeigt wird (Tabelle 1). Requirements of the modern textile industry and their customers, as will be shown later by tests (Table 1).
Die Patente DE4128638A1 oder DE 02004059221 A1 beschreiben The patents DE4128638A1 or DE 02004059221 A1 describe
Flammschutzmitteldispersionen auf Basis eines 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl- 1 ,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfids unter Verwendung verschiedener Dispergiermittelsysteme und erwähnen auch die Verwendung dieser Flame retardant dispersions based on a 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide using various Dispersant systems and also mention the use of these
Dispersionen zur flammhemmenden Ausrüstung von Viskosefasern. Dispersions for the flame-retardant finish of viscose fibers.
Auch die EP1882760 beschreibt die Herstellung flammgehemmter EP1882760 also describes the preparation of flame-retardant
Viskosefasern unter Verwendung von Flammschutzdispersionen auf Basis eines 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfids. Dort wird als wichtiges Merkmal der Erfindung beschrieben, dass die Partikelgröße maximal 10 pm betragen darf und dass die Spinnmasse daher vor dem Verspinnen durch Filter mit einer maximalen Maschenweite von 10 pm gereinigt werden muss. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass dieses Kriterium nicht ausreicht, um Fasern herzustellen, die den hier beschriebenen Viscose fibers using flame retardant dispersions based on a 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide. There is described as an important feature of the invention that the particle size may be a maximum of 10 pm and that the spinning mass must therefore be cleaned before spinning through filters with a maximum mesh size of 10 pm. However, it has been found that this criterion is not sufficient to produce fibers that describe the one described here
Anforderungen genügen. Die in EP1882760 beschriebene maximale Requirements met. The maximum described in EP1882760
Partikelgröße von 10 pm ist vielleicht für Viskosefilamente, d. h. Particle size of 10 pm may be for viscose filaments, i. H.
Endlosfilamente, ausreichend, entspricht aber bei weitem nicht mehr den Anforderungen einer modernen Stapelfaserproduktion mit Faserfeinheiten von ca. 1 bis 4 dtex; eine 1 ,3 dtex Faser hat einen Durchmesser von ca. 10 pm. Endless filaments, sufficient, but far from meeting the requirements of modern staple fiber production with fiber finenesses of about 1 to 4 dtex; a 1, 3 dtex fiber has a diameter of about 10 pm.
Standardviskosefasern werden heute in großem Ausmaß für leichte modische Textilien eingesetzt. Die geringe Festigkeit, vor allem im nassen Zustand, die hohe Dehnung und die hohe Flächenschrumpfung setzen dem Einsatz von Viskosefasern jedoch Grenzen. Diese textilen Eigenschaften erlauben beispielsweise keinen Einsatz in Segmenten, die ein oftmaliges Waschen (besonders in Industriewäschen) der Textilien erfordern. Ein Maß für die Waschtauglichkeit ist dabei die Flächenschrumpfung. Um die Standard viscose fibers are now widely used in light-weight fashion textiles. The low strength, especially when wet, the high elongation and the high surface shrinkage put the use of viscose but limits. For example, these textile properties do not permit use in segments which require frequent washing (especially in industrial washes) of the textiles. A measure of the washability is the area shrinkage. To the
Flächenschrumpfung leicht quantitativ erfassen zu können, wird ihr It is easy to be able to grasp surface shrinkage quantitatively
Zusammenhang mit dem Naßmodul, gemessen nach den Vorschriften der BISFA und daher im Folgenden kurz BISFA-Naßmodul genannt, ausgenutzt (BISFA, Testing methods viscose, modal, lyocell and acetate staple fibres and tows, 2004 Edition).  Related to the wet modulus, measured according to the regulations of BISFA and therefore hereafter called BISFA wet modulus (BISFA, Testing Methods Viscose, Modal, Lyocell and Acetate Staple Fibers and Tows, 2004 Edition).
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Flächenschrumpf (nach Wäsche) und dem BISFA-Naßmodul ist für Viskosefasern schon seit den 70er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts bekannt (Szegö, L, Faserforsch. Text. Techn.; 21 (10), 1970). Bei einem BISFA-Naßmodul von 2 kann von einem Waschschrumpf von 15-20% ausgegangen werden, bei einem BISFA- Naßmodul von 5 reduziert sich der Schrumpf bereits auf 4-7% (siehe Fig. 1). The connection between surface shrinkage (after washing) and the BISFA wet modulus has been known for viscose fibers since the 1970s (Szegö, L, Faserforsch, Text Techn., 21 (10), 1970). For a BISFA wet module of 2, you can choose from a Shrinkage of 15-20%, with a BISFA wet modulus of 5, the shrinkage is already reduced to 4-7% (see FIG. 1).
Die im Stand der Technik, beschriebenen oder kommerziell erhältlichen Fasern werden sämtlich durch Standardviskoseverfahren hergestellt. Sie zeigen zwar für flammgehemmte Viskosefasern vergleichsweise gute mechanische Faserdaten, da die Phosphorgehalte sehr niedrig sind. The fibers described in the prior art, or commercially available are all made by standard viscose methods. Although they show comparatively good mechanical fiber data for flame-retardant viscose fibers, since the phosphorus contents are very low.
Untersuchungen mit verschiedensten Flammschutzmittel auf der Basis von Phosphor haben jedoch gezeigt, dass erst ab einem Phosphorgehalt von über 2,8% eine ausreichende flammhemmende Wirkung erreicht wird. Die Investigations with various flame retardants on the basis of phosphorus have shown, however, that only from a phosphorus content of about 2.8%, a sufficient flame retardant effect is achieved. The
Flammhemmungsfähigkeit korreliert dabei sehr gut mit dem auf reinen Flammhemmungsfähigkeit correlates very well with that on pure
Phosphor umgerechneten Gehalt an Flammschutzmittel. Phosphorus converted content of flame retardants.
Allerdings konnte festgestellt werden, dass beispielsweise die Inkorporation von großen Mengen (15-25%) eines flammhemmenden Pigments zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der textilen Parameter der Viskosefaser führt. Daher gelten die bereits für die Standardviskosefasern erwähnten However, it has been found that, for example, the incorporation of large amounts (15-25%) of a flame-retardant pigment leads to a further deterioration of the textile parameters of the viscose fiber. Therefore, those already mentioned for the standard viscose fibers apply
Einschränkungen der Anwendungsbereiche erst recht für flammgehemmte Viskosefasern. Limitations of the application areas especially for flame-retardant viscose fibers.
Dies ist umso bedauerlicher, da flammgehemmte Fasern besonders vorteilhaft in Produkten eingesetzt werden könnten, die auch starken mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind, beispielsweise in This is all the more regrettable because flame-retardant fibers could be used particularly advantageously in products that are also exposed to strong mechanical stresses, for example in
Arbeitskleidung für besonders gefährliche Tätigkeiten wie bei Feuerwehren, Gießereien, Militär, Erdöl- und Chemieindustrie. Für solche Produkte werden üblicherweise bereits synthetische Hochleistungsfasern wie (aromatische) Polyamide, Aramide, Polyimide und ähnliches eingesetzt. Diese Fasern weisen jedoch einen geringen Tragekomfort auf, da sie nicht in der Lage sind, in ausreichendem Maße Feuchtigkeit aufzunehmen. Eine Mischung dieser Fasern mit cellulosischen Fasern, die das Eigenschaftsspektrum um einen erhöhten Tragekomfort ergänzen, ohne die sonstigen Eigenschaften zu sehr zu verschlechtern, wäre also wünschenswert. Zusammenfassend offenbart der Stand der Technik also lediglich Workwear for particularly dangerous activities such as fire departments, foundries, military, petroleum and chemical industries. Synthetic high performance fibers such as (aromatic) polyamides, aramids, polyimides and the like are already commonly used for such products. However, these fibers have a low wearing comfort, since they are not able to absorb moisture sufficiently. A mixture of these fibers with cellulosic fibers, which complement the range of properties by an increased wearing comfort, without the other properties to deteriorate too much, would be desirable. In summary, therefore, the prior art merely discloses
flammgehemmte Fasern, die entweder mit ökologisch bedenklichen Flame retardant fibers that are either ecologically questionable
Chemikalien hergestellt wurden, keine ausreichende Festigkeit, BISFA- Naßmodule und textile Gebrauchseigenschaften aufweisen, bereits aufgrund ihrer Herstellungsweise für textile Zwecke nicht verwendbar sind oder großtechnisch nicht hergestellt werden können. Einige Publikationen offenbaren genaugenommen nicht mehr als die Absicht der Verfasser, (auch) flammgemmte cellulosische Fasern herstellen zu wollen. Aufgabenstellung: Chemicals have been produced, not have sufficient strength, BISFA- wet modules and textile performance properties, are already unusable due to their method of preparation for textile purposes or can not be produced on an industrial scale. In fact, some publications reveal nothing more than the intention of the authors to (also) make flamed cellulosic fibers. Task:
Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik bestand die Aufgabe, eine  Compared to this prior art, the task was a
flammgehemmte cellulosische Faser zur Verfügung zu stellen, die den heutigen Anforderungen an einen ökonomisch und ökologisch to provide flame-retarded cellulosic fiber that meets today's demands for an economical and ecological
verantwortbaren Herstellungsprozess sowie den erhöhten textilmechanischen Ansprüchen genügt, wie sie beispielsweise bei einer industriellen Reinigung der daraus hergestellten Kleidungsstücke auftreten. responsible manufacturing process and the increased textile mechanical requirements, as they occur, for example, in an industrial cleaning of the garments made therefrom.
Die Anforderungen an eine flammgehemmte Faser für moderne textile Anwendungen können praxisnah durch das Produkt aus Phosphorgehalt (entspricht der Flammhemmungsfähigkeit) und Naßmodul, gemessen nach der Vorschrift der BISFA (korreliert mit dem Flächenschrumpf) beschrieben werden. Das Produkt von Phosphorgehalt und BISFA-Naßmodul soll daher im Folgenden als„Gebrauchswert" bezeichnet werden. Zusätzlich bestand die Aufgabe, ein geeignetes Herstellungsverfahren für diese Fasern zur Verfügung zu stellen. The requirements for a flame retardant fiber for modern textile applications can be practically described by the product of phosphorus content (corresponds to the flame retardancy) and wet modulus, measured according to the specification of BISFA (correlated with surface shrinkage). The product of phosphorus content and BISFA wet modulus should therefore be referred to below as "use value." In addition, the object was to provide a suitable production process for these fibers.
Überraschenderweise konnte diese Aufgabe gelöst werden durch eine flammgehemmte Regeneratcellulosefaser für textile Anwendungen, die als flammhemmende Substanz eine eingesponnene, partikelförmige, Surprisingly, this object could be achieved by a flame-retardant regenerated cellulose fiber for textile applications, which as a flame-retardant substance, a spun, particulate,
Phosphorverbindung, bevorzugt eine Organophosphorverbindung enthält und einen Gebrauchswert zwischen 6 und 35, bevorzugt zwischen 8 und 35 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 35 aufweist. Eine solche Faser konnte durch einen erfindungsgemäß abgewandelten Viskoseprozess erstmals hergestellt werden. Phosphorus compound, preferably contains an organophosphorus compound and has a use value between 6 and 35, preferably between 8 and 35 and particularly preferably between 10 and 35. Such a fiber could be produced for the first time by a modified viscose process according to the invention.
Diese flammhemmende Substanz hat vorzugsweise eine This flame retardant substance preferably has one
Partikelgrößenverteilung mit x50 kleiner 1 ,0 μιτι und x99 kleiner 5,0 μιτι. Particle size distribution with x 50 smaller 1, 0 μιτι and x 99 smaller 5.0 μιτι.
Als Organophosphorverbindung wird bevorzugt 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfids (Formel I) eingesetzt. Diese Substanz ist unter anderem unter den Handelsnamen Exolit und Sandoflam in As the organophosphorus compound, 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'-disulfide (Formula I) is preferably used. This substance is among others under the trade names Exolit and Sandoflam in
ausreichenden Mengen erhältlich und wird während des Sufficient quantities available and will be available during the
Herstellungsverfahrens und auch in der späteren Anwendung nicht aus den Fasern ausgewaschen:  Production process and also in the subsequent application not washed out of the fibers:
Die erfindungsgemäße Faser enthält in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mindestens 2,8%, bevorzugt zwischen 3,2% und 6,0 %, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 3,5% und 6,0 % Phosphor, jeweils bezogen auf Cellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the fiber according to the invention contains at least 2.8%, preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, particularly preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% phosphorus, in each case based on cellulose.
Geringere Phosphorgehalte als 2,8 % ergeben keine ausreichende Lower levels of phosphorus than 2.8% are insufficient
flammhemmende Wirkung. Höhere Phosphorgehalte als 6 % verschlechtern die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Fasern und sind darüber hinaus nicht mehr wirtschaftlich: flame retardant effect. Higher phosphorus contents than 6% worsen the mechanical properties of the fibers and, moreover, are no longer economical:
Besonders geeignet ist eine erfindungsgemäße flammgehemmte Faser, die einen BISFA-Naßmodul Bm von größer oder gleich 0,5· (V"T) ·10 Γ bei einer Dehnung von 5 % im nassen Zustand aufweist. T ist darin der Titer einer einzelnen Faser, ausgedrückt in dtex; Bm wird in cN/tex ausgedrückt. Particularly suitable is a flame-retarded fiber of the invention having a BISFA wet modulus B m of greater than or equal to 0.5 x (V " T) x 10Γ at an elongation of 5% in the wet state, where T is the denier of a single fiber , expressed in dtex, B m is expressed in cN / tex.
Bevorzugt liegt die erfindungsgemäße Faser als Stapelfaser vor, d. h. sie wird im Verlauf des Herstellungsverfahrens auf eine einheitliche Länge Preferably, the fiber according to the invention is present as a staple fiber, d. H. it becomes uniform throughout the manufacturing process
geschnitten. Übliche Schnittlängen für Stapelfasern für den textilen Bereich: liegen zwischen ca. 20 und 150 mm. Erst eine solche einheitliche Länge aller Fasern erlaubt eine problemlose Verarbeitung auf den heute in der textilen Kette üblichen Maschinen mit hoher Produktivität. cut. Usual cutting lengths for staple fibers for the textile sector: are between about 20 and 150 mm. Only such a uniform length of all Fibers allow easy processing on today's in the textile chain usual machines with high productivity.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Faser zur Herstellung eines Games. Ein solches Garn zeichnet sich gegenüber Garnen aus Fasern, die bisher verfügbar waren, durch eine deutlich höhere Festigkeit aus. Um für den jeweiligen The present invention also provides the use of the fiber according to the invention for the production of a game. Such a yarn is characterized by yarns made of fibers, which were previously available, by a significantly higher strength. Order for the respective
Anwendungszweck passende Eigenschaften aufzuweisen, kann ein solches erfindungsgemäßes Garn neben den erfindungsgemäßen Fasern auch noch Fasern anderer Herkunft enthalten, beispielsweise Wolle, flammgehemmte Wolle, para- und meta-Aramide, Polybenzimidazol (PBI), p-Phenyl-2,6- Bezobisoxazol (PBO), Polyimid (P84®), Polyamidimid (Kermel®), Modacryl, Polyamide, flammgehemmte Polyamide, flammgehemmte Acrylfasern, Melaminfasern, Polyester, flammgehemmte Polyester, Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Glasfasern, Baumwolle, Seide, Application of suitable properties, such yarn according to the invention in addition to the fibers according to the invention may also contain fibers of other origin, for example wool, flame-retardant wool, para- and meta-aramids, polybenzimidazole (PBI), p-phenyl-2,6-Bezobisoxazol (PBO ), Polyimide (P84®), polyamideimide (Kermel®), modacrylic, polyamides, flame-retarded polyamides, flame-retarded acrylic fibers, melamine fibers, polyesters, flame-retardant polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass fibers, cotton, silk,
Carbonfasern, oxidierte thermisch stabilisierte Polyacrylnitrilfasern (PANOX®) und elektrisch leitfähige Fasern, sowie Mischungen dieser Fasern.  Carbon fibers, oxidized thermally stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PANOX®) fibers and electrically conductive fibers, as well as blends of these fibers.
Ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Faser zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächengebildes. Neben den erfindungsgemäßen Fasern kann dieses Flächengebilde auch weitere Fasern enthalten, beispielsweise und insbesondere Wolle, Likewise provided by the present invention is the use of the fiber according to the invention for the production of a textile fabric. In addition to the fibers according to the invention, this fabric may also contain other fibers, for example and in particular wool,
flammgehemmte Wolle, para- und meta-Aramide, Polybenzimidazol (PBI), p- Phenyl-2,6-Bezobisoxazol (PBO), Polyimid (P84®), Polyamidimid (Kermel®), Modacryl, Polyamide, flammgehemmte Polyamide, flammgehemmte flame-retarded wool, para and meta-aramids, polybenzimidazole (PBI), p-phenyl-2,6-benzobrazole oxazole (PBO), polyimide (P84®), polyamide-imide (Kermel®), modacrylic, polyamides, flame-retarded polyamides, flame-retardant
Acrylfasern, Melaminfasern, Polyester, flammgehemmte Polyester, Acrylic fibers, melamine fibers, polyester, flame-retardant polyester,
Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Glasfasern, Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass fibers,
Baumwolle, Seide, Carbonfasern, oxidierte thermisch stabilisierte Cotton, silk, carbon fibers, oxidized thermally stabilized
Polyacrylnitrilfasern (PANOX®) und elektrisch leitfähige Fasern, sowie Mischungen dieser Fasern. Polyacrylonitrile (PANOX®) fibers and electrically conductive fibers, and mixtures of these fibers.
Das Flächengebilde ist bevorzugt ein Gewebe, Gewirke oder Gestrick, kann aber grundsätzlich auch ein Vlies sein. Auch für hochwertige Vliese ist die Verwendung von Fasern mit hohem BISFA-Nassmodul und hoher Festigkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Falle eines Gewebes oder Gestrickes ist die Mischung der erfindungsgemäßen Fasern mit den weiteren Fasern entweder durch das Mischen vor der Garnherstellung, die sogenannte The sheet is preferably a woven, knitted or knitted fabric, but may in principle also be a nonwoven. Also for high quality nonwovens is the use of fibers with high BISFA wet modulus and high strength crucial. In the case of a woven or knitted fabric, the mixture of the fibers according to the invention with the other fibers is either by mixing before yarn production, the so-called
Intimmischung, oder durch gemeinsame Verwendung jeweils reiner Garne der verschiedenen Faserarten beim Weben, Wirken bzw. Stricken möglich. Intimate mixing, or by jointly using each of pure yarns of different types of fibers in weaving, knitting or knitting possible.
Die erfindungsgemäße Faser kann durch einen erfindungsgemäß The fiber according to the invention can be replaced by an inventive
abgewandelten Viskoseprozess hergestellt werden, der ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist. Viskoseprozesse für Stapelfasern und modified viscose process are produced, which is also the subject of the present invention. Viscose processes for staple fibers and
Endlosfilamente sind prinzipiell seit vielen Jahren bekannt und beispielsweise ausführlich bei K. Götze, Chemiefasern nach dem Viskoseverfahren, 1967, beschrieben. Die textilen Eigenschaften der daraus erhaltenen Fasern und Filamente werden jedoch von vielen Parametern erheblich beeinflusst. Zudem werden für viele Einflussgrößen durch die Auslegung der bestehenden Produktionsanlagen Grenzen vorgegeben, die aus technischen oder wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht überschritten werden können, so dass beliebige Variationen der Parameter oft gar nicht möglich sind und daher der Fachmann hierzu gar nicht veranlasst wäre. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Fasern eine Cellulosekonzentration von 4-7% bei Verwendung eines Zellstoffs mit einem R-18 Gehalt von 93-98% und ein Alkaliverhältnis (= Cellulosekonzentration/ Natriumhydroxidkonzentration, jeweils in g/l) von 0,7 bis 1 ,5 die idealen Bedingungen darstellen. Jedoch müssen die Spinnparameter aufgrund der Zudösierung des flammhemmenden FR-Pigments entsprechend angepasst werden. Endless filaments have been known in principle for many years and, for example, described in detail by K. Götze, Chemiefasern nach den Viskoseverfahren, 1967. However, the textile properties of the resulting fibers and filaments are significantly affected by many parameters. In addition, limits are set for many influencing factors by the design of the existing production plants, which can not be exceeded for technical or economic reasons, so that any variations of the parameters are often not possible and therefore the expert would not have caused this. It has been found that for the production of the fibers according to the invention a cellulose concentration of 4-7% using a pulp with an R-18 content of 93-98% and an alkali ratio (= cellulose concentration / sodium hydroxide concentration, in g / l) of 0 , 7 to 1, 5 represent the ideal conditions. However, the spinning parameters must be adjusted accordingly due to the Zudösierung the flame-retardant FR-pigment.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer flammgehemmten regenerierten Cellulosefaser für textile Anwendungen durch Spinnen einer Viskose mit einem Gehalt von 4 bis 7 % Cellulose, 5 bis 10% NaOH, 36 bis 42% (bezogen auf Cellulose) Schwefelkohlenstoff sowie 1 bis 5% (bezogen auf Cellulose) eines Modifizierungsmittels in ein Spinnbad, Abziehen der koagulierten Fäden, wobei eine Viskose verwendet wird, deren Spinngammawert 50 bis 68, vorzugsweise 55 bis 58, und deren Spinnviskosität 50 bis 120 Kugelfallsekunden beträgt; und dass die The invention therefore also provides a process for producing a flame retarded regenerated cellulose fiber for textile applications by spinning a viscose with a content of 4 to 7% cellulose, 5 to 10% NaOH, 36 to 42% (based on cellulose) carbon disulfide and 1 to 5% (based on cellulose) of a modifier in a spin bath, stripping off the coagulated filaments, using a viscose whose spin gamma value is 50 to 68, preferably 55 to 58, and whose Spinning viscosity is 50 to 120 falling seconds; and that the
Temperatur des Spinnbades 34 bis 48°C beträgt, wobei Temperature of the spinning bath 34 to 48 ° C, wherein
a. das Alkaliverhältnis (= Cellulosekonzentration/Alkaligehalt) der spinnfertigen Viskose 0,7 bis 1 ,5 beträgt,  a. the alkali ratio (= cellulose concentration / alkali content) of ready-to-use viscose is 0.7 to 1.5
b. folgende Spinnbadkonzentrationen eingesetzt werden:  b. the following spin bath concentrations are used:
• H2S04 68 - 90 g/l • H 2 S0 4 68 - 90 g / l
• Na2S04 90 - 160 g/l • Na 2 S0 4 90 - 160 g / l
• ZnS04 30 - 65 g/l • ZnS0 4 30 - 65 g / l
c. der Endabzug aus dem Spinnbad mit einer Geschwindigkeit zwischen 5 und 60 m/min erfolgt und  c. the final discharge takes place from the spinning bath at a speed between 5 and 60 m / min and
d. als flammhemmende Substanz eine pigmentförmige Organophosphorverbindung in Form einer Pigmentdispersion eingesponnen wird.  d. as a flame-retardant substance a pigmented organophosphorus compound is spun in the form of a pigment dispersion.
Zweckmäßig wird eine Viskose verwendet, der das Modifizierungsmittel erst kurz vor dem Verspinnen der Viskose zugegeben wird. Suitably, a viscose is used, to which the modifier is added only shortly before the spinning of the viscose.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen der Einhaltung einer bestimmten Spinnreife, für die der Spinngammawert charakteristisch ist, der Einhaltung einer bestimmten Viskosität, für die die Kugelfallwerte The inventively proposed measures of compliance with a certain spinning maturity, for which the Spinngammawert is characteristic of compliance with a certain viscosity, for which the falling ball values
charakteristisch sind, und der Einhaltung bestimmter Bedingungen im are characteristic, and the observance of certain conditions in the
Spinnbad, bewirken zusammen die angestrebten Fasereigenschaften. Unter dem Spinngammawert versteht man den Anteil der an 100 Spinning bath, together effect the desired fiber properties. Under the spinngamma value one understands the portion of at 100
Cellulosemolekülen gebundenen Schwefelkohlenstoffmoleküle. Der Cellulosic molecules bound carbon disulfide molecules. Of the
Spinngammawert wird bestimmt nach Zellcheming-Merkblattentwurf von R. Stahn [1958] bzw. Merkblatt lll/F 2. Unter Kugelfall versteht man die nach der Kugelfall-Methode bestimmte Viskosität; sie wird in Kugelfallsekunden ausgedrückt. Die Bestimmung ist in K. Götze, Chemiefasern [1951], S. 175 angegeben. Spinning gamma value is determined according to Zellcheming leaflet draft by R. Stahn [1958] or leaflet III / F 2. The term "falling ball" is understood to mean the viscosity determined by the falling ball method; it is expressed in terms of bullet seconds. The determination is given in K. Götze, Chemiefasern [1951], p. 175.
Die flammhemmende Phosphorverbindung, die als Pigment hergestellt wird, wird erfindungsgemäß der Viskosespinnlösung in Form einer The flame retardant phosphorus compound, which is prepared as a pigment, according to the invention, the viscose spinning solution in the form of a
Pigmentdispersion zugegeben. Dabei wird soviel von der flammhemmenden Substanz eingesponnen, dass die fertige Faser mindestens 2,6%, bevorzugt zwischen 3,2% und 6,0 %, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 3,5% und 6,0 % Phosphor, bezogen auf Cellulose enthält. Wie bereits weiter oben ausgeführt, ist eine besonders gut für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung geeignete flammhemmende Pigment dispersion added. There is so much of the flame retardant Spun substance that the finished fiber contains at least 2.6%, preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, more preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% phosphorus, based on cellulose. As stated above, a flame retardant which is particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention is
Organophosphorverbindung das 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid. Einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Fasereigenschaften hat insbesondere auch die Güte der Pigmentdispersion. Diese wird bestimmt durch die mittlere und maximale Teilchengröße der Pigmente, die Konzentration der Dispersion beim Einsatz, d. h. bei der Zugabe zur Viskosespinnlösung, sowie Art und Menge der Dispergierhilfsmittel. Organophosphorus compound 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane] 2,2'-disulphide. In particular, the quality of the pigment dispersion has a significant influence on the fiber properties. This is determined by the average and maximum particle size of the pigments, the concentration of the dispersion in use, d. H. during the addition to the viscose spinning solution, as well as the type and amount of the dispersing aids.
Entgegen der in Patent EP1882760 beschriebenen möglichen oberen Contrary to the possible upper described in patent EP1882760
Partikelgröße von 10 pm wurde gefunden, dass eine mittlere Partikelgröße (xso) kleiner 1 pm und eine maximale Partikelgröße (x99) kleiner 5 pm notwendig sind. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Größenverteilung einer noch geeigneten Pigmentdispersion. Particle size of 10 microns was found that an average particle size (xso) less than 1 pm and a maximum particle size (x 99 ) less than 5 pm are necessary. Fig. 2 shows a size distribution of a still suitable pigment dispersion.
Vorzugsweise sollte die Pigmentdispersion zwischen 10 und 50 % der flammhemmenden Substanz enthalten. In den meisten Dokumenten zum Stand der Technik wird der Einfluss des Dispergiermittels nicht so ausführlich beschrieben, wie es angemessen wäre. Viele Chemikalien, die eine hervorragend stabilisierte Preferably, the pigment dispersion should contain between 10 and 50% of the flame retardant. In most prior art documents, the influence of the dispersant is not described as fully as it would be appropriate. Many chemicals that have a superbly stabilized
Flammschutzmitteldispersion liefern, haben jedoch negative Auswirkungen auf den Spinnprozess, da sie zwar ebenfalls eine modifizierende Wirkung im Viskosefaden bewirken, aber die Faserfestigkeit im Gegensatz zu den verwendeten Modifikatoren nicht positiv beeinflussen. Als ideale Flame retardant provide, but have a negative impact on the spinning process, as they also have a modifying effect in the viscose, but not positively affect the fiber strength, in contrast to the modifiers used. As ideal
Dispergiermittel für die Flammschutzmitteldispersion zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Fasern, die die Faserfestigkeit nicht negativ beeinflussen, haben sich insbesondere solche herausgestellt, die aus der Gruppe, enthaltend modifizierte Polycarboxylate, wasserlösliche Polyester, Dispersants for the flame retardant dispersion for the production of the fibers according to the invention, which do not adversely affect the fiber strength, have been found to be particularly those selected from the group consisting of containing modified polycarboxylates, water-soluble polyesters,
Alkyletherphosphate, endgruppenverschlossene Nonylphenolethoxylate, Rizinusölalkoxylester und carboxymethylierte Alkoholpolyglycolether ausgewählt wurden. Vorzugsweise sollte die Pigmentdispersion zwischen 1 ,5 und 13 % des Dispergierhilfsmittels enthalten. Alkyl ether phosphates, end-capped nonylphenol ethoxylates, castor oil alkoxyl esters, and carboxymethylated alcohol polyglycol ethers. Preferably, the pigment dispersion should contain between 1, 5 and 13% of the dispersing aid.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Beispielen erläutert werden. Diese sind als mögliche Ausführungsformen der Erfindung zu verstehen. Keineswegs ist die Erfindung auf den Umfang dieser Beispiele eingeschränkt. The invention will now be explained by way of examples. These are to be understood as possible embodiments of the invention. By no means is the invention limited to the scope of these examples.
Beispiele: Examples:
Beispiel 1 : Example 1 :
6 Gewichts-Teile 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid, 6 Gewichts-Teile Wasser und 0,55 Gewichts- Teile Alkylpolyglykoletherphosphorsäureester werden mittels einem Dissolver homogenisiert und in einer Rührwerkskugelmühle (Drais, Typ Perl Mill PML- V/H) mit Zirkonoxidmahlkörpern bei einer Temperatur von 40-55 °C  6 parts by weight of 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide, 6 parts by weight of water and 0.55 parts by weight Alkylpolyglykoletherphosphorsäureester be homogenized by means of a dissolver and in a stirred ball mill (Drais, type Perl Mill PML-V / H) with Zirkonoxidmahlkörpern at a temperature of 40-55 ° C.
vermählen, bis die fertige Dispersion ein X99 < 1 ,50 pm aufweist. until the final dispersion has an X99 <1.50 pm.
Buchenzellstoff (R 8 = 97,5%) wurde mit Maischlauge, welche 240 g/l NaOH enthielt, bei 35°C unter Umrühren alkalisiert und zu einem Alkalicellulosevlies abgepresst. Das Alkalicellulosevlies wurde zerfasert, abgereift und sulfidiert. Das Xanthogenat wurde mit einer verdünnten Natronlauge zu einer Viskose mit 5,6% Cellulose, 6,8% NaOH und 39% CS2, bezogen auf Cellulose, gelöst. Die Viskose wurde 4mal filtriert und entlüftet. Der Viskose wurden 1 h vor dem Verspinnen 3%, bezogen auf Cellulose, ethoxyliertes Amin, eines eine Beech pulp (R 8 = 97.5%) was alkalized with mash liquor containing 240 g / l NaOH at 35 ° C with stirring and pressed to a Alkalellellulosevlies. The alkali cellulose nonwoven was fiberized, aged and sulfided. The xanthate was dissolved with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a viscose with 5.6% cellulose, 6.8% NaOH and 39% CS 2 , based on cellulose. The viscose was filtered 4 times and vented. The viscose was 1 h before spinning 3%, based on cellulose, ethoxylated amine, a
Mantelstruktur bewirkenden Modifizierungsmittels zudosiert. Die Viskose wurde auf einen Spinngammawert von 57 nachgereift. Die Viskosität betrug während des Verspinnens 80 Kugelfallsekunden. Die fertige Mantle structure causing modifier added. The viscose was ripened to a spinning gamma value of 57. The viscosity during spinning was 80 falling seconds. The finished one
Flammschutzmitteldispersion wird dieser spinnfertigen Viskose zugesetzt Die verwendeten Düsen weisen einen Düsenlochdurchmesser von 60 pm auf. Das Spinnbad enthält 72 g/l Schwefelsäure, 120 g/l Natriumsulfat und 60 g/l Zinksulfat. Flame retardant dispersion is added to this ready-to-spin viscose. The nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 μm. The spin bath contains 72 g / l sulfuric acid, 120 g / l sodium sulfate and 60 g / l zinc sulfate.
Die Spinnbadtemperatur betrug 38°C. Der koagulierte und teilweise  The spinning bath temperature was 38 ° C. The coagulated and partly
regenerierte plastische Fadenstrang von blaßgelber Farbe wurde über eine Galette (G 1) in ein zweites Bad, dessen Temperatur 95 °C war, geführt und dort zwischen G 1 und einer zweiten Galette (G 2) um 120% verstreckt. Der Endabzug betrug 42 m/min. Das Spinnkabel wurde zu Stapeln von 40 mm Länge geschnitten, welche in verdünnter Schwefelsäure vollständig Regenerated plastic thread strand of pale yellow color was over a Galette (G 1) in a second bath, whose temperature was 95 ° C, out and stretched there between G 1 and a second galette (G 2) by 120%. The final discharge was 42 m / min. The tow was cut into stacks of 40 mm in length which were completely dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid
regeneriert, hierauf mit Heißwasser säurefrei gewaschen, mit verdünnter Natronlauge entschwefelt, abermals ausgewaschen, mit verdünnter regenerated, then washed free of acid with hot water, desulfurized with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, washed out again, with diluted
Natriumhypochloritlösung gebleicht, abermals ausgewaschen, aviviert, abgepresst und getrocknet wurden. Beispiel 2: Bleached sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed again, rinsed, pressed and dried. Example 2:
6 Gewichts-Teile 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid, 6 Gewichts-Teile Wasser und 0,63 Gewichts- Teile carboxymethylierter Alkoholpolyglycolether werden analog Beispiel 1 verarbeitet zu einer spinnfertigen Viskose (Zusammensetzung: Cellulose 5,9%, NaOH 6,7%, 41% CS2, bezogen auf Cellulose, 3,5 % ethoxyliertes Amin, bezogen auf Cellulose) und in ein wässriges Spinnbad versponnen. Die verwendeten Düsen weisen einen Düseniochdurchmesser von 50 pm auf. Das Spinnbad enthält 74 g/l Schwefelsäure, 132 g/l Natriumsulfat und 65 g/l Zinksulfat. 6 parts by weight of 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide, 6 parts by weight of water and 0.63 parts by weight of carboxymethylated alcohol polyglycol ethers are processed analogously to Example 1 to a ready-to-spinle viscose (composition: cellulose 5.9%, NaOH 6.7%, 41% CS 2 , based on cellulose, 3.5% ethoxylated amine, based on cellulose) and spun into an aqueous spinning bath. The nozzles used have a Düseniochdurchmesser of 50 pm. The spin bath contains 74 g / l sulfuric acid, 132 g / l sodium sulfate and 65 g / l zinc sulfate.
Beispiel 3: Example 3:
6 Gewichts-Teile 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 , 3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid, 6 Gewichts-Teile Wasser und 1 ,1 Gewichts- Teile ethoxylierte Phtalsäure werden analog Beispiel 1 verarbeitet zu einer spinnfertigen Viskose (Zusammensetzung: Cellulose 5,8%, NaOH 6,5%, 40% CS2, bezogen auf Cellulose, als Modifizierungsmittel eine Mischung aus 2% DMA+1 % PEG 2000, jeweils bezogen auf Cellulose) und in ein wässriges Spinnbad versponnen.  6 parts by weight of 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'disulfide, 6 parts by weight of water and 1, 1 parts by weight of ethoxylated phthalic acid are processed analogously to Example 1 to a ready-to-spinle viscose (composition: cellulose 5.8%, NaOH 6.5%, 40% CS2, based on cellulose, as modifier a mixture of 2% DMA + 1% PEG 2000, in each case based on cellulose) and in an aqueous Spunbath spun.
Die verwendeten Düsen weisen einen Düseniochdurchmesser von 50 pm auf. Das Spinnbad enthält 73 g/l Schwefelsäure, 120 g/l Natriumsulfat und 58 g/l Zinksulfat.  The nozzles used have a Düseniochdurchmesser of 50 pm. The spin bath contains 73 g / l sulfuric acid, 120 g / l sodium sulfate and 58 g / l zinc sulfate.
Beispiel 4 (Vergleichsbeispiel): Eine Faser wurde gemäß der Lehre der CN 101037812 hergestellt. Da in dieser Publikation keine Angaben zum Naßmodul gemacht werden, wurden die Bedingungen des dortigen Beispiels mit der höchsten Naßfestigkeit (Beispiel 2, 1 ,52 cN/tex) der erhaltenen Faser ausgewählt und Example 4 (comparative example) A fiber was made according to the teaching of CN 101037812. Since no information is given on the wet modulus in this publication, the conditions of the example with the highest wet strength (Example 2, 1, 52 cN / tex) of the obtained fiber were selected and
dementsprechend folgende Verfahrensbedingungen eingestellt: accordingly set the following process conditions:
Cellulose 8,86 %, NaOH 6,24%, 31% CS2, bezogen auf Cellulose. Ein Cellulose 8.86%, NaOH 6.24%, 31% CS 2 , based on cellulose. One
Modifikator wurde nicht zugegeben. Die Viskose wurde bei einer Viskosität von 42 Kugelfallsekunden versponnen. Modifier was not added. The viscose was spun at a viscosity of 42 falling ball seconds.
Die in dieser Publikation angegebenen hohen Phosphorgehalte konnten nicht nachvollzogen werden. Um zu akzeptablen Festigkeiten zu gelangen, wurden unter den angegebenen Bedingungen mehrere Optimierungsversuche mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an Flammschutzmittel durchgeführt. Erst bei der Reduzierung auf einen P-Gehalt von 2,1 % Gew.-%, bezogen auf Cellulose, konnten die angegebenen Eigenschaften erreicht werden.  The high levels of phosphorus reported in this publication could not be reconstructed. In order to achieve acceptable strengths, several optimization experiments with different levels of flame retardant were carried out under the given conditions. Only with the reduction to a P content of 2.1% wt .-%, based on cellulose, the stated properties could be achieved.
Die verwendeten Düsen weisen einen Düsenlochdurchmesser von 60 pm auf. Das Spinnbad enthält 1 15 g/l Schwefelsäure, 330 g/l Natriumsulfat und 45 g/l Zinksulfat. The nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 pm. The spin bath contains 15 g / l of sulfuric acid, 330 g / l of sodium sulfate and 45 g / l of zinc sulfate.
Beispiel 5 (Vergleichsbeispiel): Example 5 (Comparative Example)
Eine Faser wurde gemäß CN1904156 hergestellt, wobei die dort konkret empfohlenen Verfahrensbedingungen eingestellt wurden: A fiber was made according to CN1904156, with the process conditions specifically recommended there being set:
Cellulose 8,9 %, NaOH 5,2 %, 33%,CS2, bezogen auf Cellulose. Ein Cellulose 8.9%, NaOH 5.2%, 33%, CS 2 , based on cellulose. One
Modifikator wurde nicht zugegeben. Die Viskose wurde bei einer Viskosität von 55 Kugelfallsekunden versponnen. Modifier was not added. The viscose was spun at a viscosity of 55 falling ball seconds.
Auch die in dieser Publikation angegebenen hohen Phosphorgehalte konnten nicht nachvollzogen werden. Um zu akzeptablen Festigkeiten zu gelangen, wurden unter den angegebenen Bedingungen mehrere Optimierungsversuche mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an Flammschutzmittel durchgeführt. Auch in diesem Beispiel konnten erst bei der Reduzierung auf einen P-Gehalt von 2,1 % Gew.-%, bezogen auf Cellulose, die angegebenen Eigenschaften erreicht werden. The high levels of phosphorus reported in this publication could not be reconstructed either. In order to achieve acceptable strengths, several optimization experiments with different levels of flame retardant were carried out under the given conditions. Also in this example, the stated properties could only be achieved when reducing to a P content of 2.1% by weight, based on cellulose.
Die verwendeten Düsen weisen einen Düsenlochdurchmesser von 60 pm auf. Das Spinnbad enthält 1 15 g/l Schwefelsäure, 350 g/l Natriumsulfat und 1 1 g/l Zinksulfati Die Spinnbadtemperatur betrug 49°C. Tabelle 1 : Faserdaten: The nozzles used have a nozzle hole diameter of 60 pm. The spinning bath contains 1 15 g / l sulfuric acid, 350 g / l sodium sulfate and 1 1 g / l Zinksulfati The spinning bath temperature was 49 ° C. Table 1: Fiber data:
Der Vergleich der Fasereigenschaften zeigt deutlich, dass flammgehemmte Viskosefasern, die nach Standard-Viskosebedingungen gemäß den The comparison of the fiber properties clearly shows that flame-retarded viscose fibers, which according to standard viscose conditions according to the
Beispielen 4 bzw. 5 hergestellt wurden, deutlich schlechtere Gebrauchswerte als die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten aufweisen. Examples 4 and 5 were produced, significantly worse use values than those produced according to the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Flammgehemmte Regeneratcellulosefaser für textile Anwendungen, 1. Flame-retarded regenerated cellulose fiber for textile applications,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als flammhemmende Substanz eine eingesponnene, partikelförmige Phosphorverbindung enthält und einen Gebrauchswert zwischen 6 und 35, bevorzugt zwischen 8 und 35 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 35 aufweist.  characterized in that it contains as a flame-retardant substance a spun, particulate phosphorus compound and a use value between 6 and 35, preferably between 8 and 35 and particularly preferably between 10 and 35.
2. Flammgehemmte Faser gemäß Anspruch 1 , die mindestens 2,8%, 2. A flame-retarded fiber according to claim 1 which is at least 2.8%,
bevorzugt zwischen 3,2% und 6,0 %, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 3,5% und 6,0 % Phosphor, bezogen auf Cellulose enthält.  preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, particularly preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% phosphorus, based on cellulose.
3. Flammgehemmte Faser gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die 3. A flame-retarded fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the
Phosphorverbindung 2,2'-oxybis[5,5-dimethy!-1 ,3,2- dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid (I) ist.  Phosphorus compound is 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane] 2,2'-disulfide (I).
4. Flammgehemmte Faser gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, die einen BISFA- Naßmodui (Bm) 0,5·(^Τ) »10/T bei einer Dehnung von 5 % im nassen Zustand aufweist. A flame-retarded fiber according to claims 1 to 3, having a BISFA wet modulus (B m ) of 0.5 x (Τ) » 10 / T at a strain of 5% in the wet state.
5. Flammgehemmte Faser gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch 5. flame-retarded fiber according to claims 1 to 4, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass die flammhemmende Substanz eine  characterized in that the flame-retardant substance is a
Partikelgrößenverteilung mit x5o kleiner 1 ,0 pm und X99 kleiner 5,0 pm aufweist. Particle size distribution with x 5 o less than 1, 0 pm and X99 has less than 5.0 pm.
6. Flammgehemmte Faser gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch 6. flame-retarded fiber according to claims 1 to 5, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass die Flammschutzmitteldispersion ein  characterized in that the flame retardant dispersion a
Dispergiermittel, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend modifizierte Polycarboxylate, wasserlösliche Polyester, Alkyletherphosphate, endgruppenverschlossene Nonylphenolethoxylate, Rizinusölalkoxylester und carboxymethylierte Alkoholpolyglycolether enthält.  Dispersant selected from the group consisting of modified polycarboxylates, water-soluble polyesters, alkyl ether phosphates, end-capped nonylphenol ethoxylates, castor oil alkoxyl esters and carboxymethylated alcohol polyglycol ethers.
7. Verwendung der Fasern gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6 zur Herstellung eines Garnes. 7. Use of the fibers according to claims 1 to 6 for the production of a yarn.
8. Verwendung der Fasern gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6 zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächengebildes. 8. Use of the fibers according to claims 1 to 6 for the production of a textile fabric.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer flammgehemmten regenerierten 9. A process for producing a flame-retarded regenerated
Cellulosefaser für textile Anwendungen durch Spinnen einer Viskose mit einem Gehalt von 4 bis 7 % Cellulose, 5 bis 10% NaOH, 36 bis 42% (bezogen auf Cellulose) Schwefelkohlenstoff sowie 1 bis 5% (bezogen auf Cellulose) eines Modifizierungsmittels in ein Spinnbad, Abziehen der koagulierten Fäden wobei eine Viskose verwendet wird, deren  Cellulose fiber for textile applications by spinning a viscose containing 4 to 7% cellulose, 5 to 10% NaOH, 36 to 42% (by weight of cellulose) carbon disulfide and 1 to 5% (by weight of cellulose) of a modifier in a spinning bath, Peeling off the coagulated threads using a viscose whose
Spinngammawert 50 bis 68, und deren Spinnviskosität 50 bis 120  Spungammawert 50 to 68, and their spinning viscosity 50 to 120
Kugelfallsekunden beträgt; und dass die Temperatur des Spinnbades 34 bis 48°C beträgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  Falling ball seconds; and that the temperature of the spinning bath is 34 to 48 ° C, characterized in that
a. das Alkaliverhältnis (= Cellulosekonzentration/Alkaligehalt) der spinnfertigen Viskose 0,7 bis ,5 beträgt,  a. the alkali ratio (= cellulose concentration / alkali content) of ready-to-use viscose is 0.7 to 5
b. folgende Spinnbadkonzentrationen eingesetzt werden: b. the following spin bath concentrations are used:
• Na2SO4 90 - 160 g/l • Na 2 SO 4 90 - 160 g / l
• ZnSO4 30 - 65 g/l • ZnSO 4 30-65 g / l
c. der Endabzug aus dem Spinnbad mit einer Geschwindigkeit zwischen 15 und 60 m/min erfolgt und  c. the final discharge takes place from the spinning bath at a speed between 15 and 60 m / min and
d. als flammhemmende Substanz eine pigmentförmige Phosphorverbindung in Form einer Pigmentdispersion eingesponnen wird.  d. as a flame retardant substance, a pigmented phosphorus compound in the form of a pigment dispersion is spun.
10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei soviel von der flammhemmenden Substanz eingesponnen wird, dass die fertige Faser mindestens 2,8%, bevorzugt zwischen 3,2% und 6,0 %, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 3,5% und 6,0 % Phosphor, bezogen auf Cellulose enthält. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein so much of the flame retardant substance is spun that the finished fiber is at least 2.8%, preferably between 3.2% and 6.0%, particularly preferably between 3.5% and 6.0% Phosphorus, based on cellulose.
11. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei die Organophosphorverbindung 2,2'- oxybis[5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan]2,2'disulfid (I) ist. A process according to claim 9, wherein the organophosphorus compound is 2,2'-oxybis [5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan] 2,2'-disulfide (I).
12. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei die Pigmentdispersion zwischen 10 und 50% der flammhemmenden Substanz mit einer mittleren 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pigment dispersion between 10 and 50% of the flame retardant substance with a middle
Teilchengröße (x90) kleiner 1,0 und einer maximalen Teilchengröße (x99) kleiner 5,0 pm und zwischen 1 ,5 und 20 % des Dispergierhilfsmittels enthält. Particle size (x 90 ) less than 1.0 and a maximum particle size (x 99 ) less than 5.0 pm and between 1, 5 and 20% of the dispersing aid.
13. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12 unter Verwendung eines Dispergiermittels für Flammschutzmitteldispersion, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend modifizierte Polycarboxylate, wasserlösliche Polyester, 13. A process according to claim 12 using a flame retardant dispersion dispersant selected from the group consisting of modified polycarboxylates, water-soluble polyesters,
Alkyletherphosphate, endgruppenverschlossene Nonylphenolethoxylate, Rizinusölalkoxylester und carboxymethylierte Alkoholpolyglycolether.  Alkyl ether phosphates, end-capped nonylphenol ethoxylates, castor oil alkoxyl esters and carboxymethylated alcohol polyglycol ethers.
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WO2019081617A1 (en) 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Flame retardant cellulosic man-made fibres

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CN102482800B (en) 2015-04-22
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AT508687A1 (en) 2011-03-15
TW201129744A (en) 2011-09-01
TWI476309B (en) 2015-03-11
CN102482800A (en) 2012-05-30
US20120177919A1 (en) 2012-07-12
EP2473657B1 (en) 2014-04-30

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