EP2465126A1 - Method for functionally checking a vacuum switch of a traction inverter - Google Patents

Method for functionally checking a vacuum switch of a traction inverter

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Publication number
EP2465126A1
EP2465126A1 EP10739369A EP10739369A EP2465126A1 EP 2465126 A1 EP2465126 A1 EP 2465126A1 EP 10739369 A EP10739369 A EP 10739369A EP 10739369 A EP10739369 A EP 10739369A EP 2465126 A1 EP2465126 A1 EP 2465126A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
vacuum switch
traction
mains
quadrant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10739369A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Norbert Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP10739369A priority Critical patent/EP2465126A1/en
Publication of EP2465126A1 publication Critical patent/EP2465126A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
    • G01R31/3275—Fault detection or status indication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/668—Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/008—Testing of electric installations on transport means on air- or spacecraft, railway rolling stock or sea-going vessels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G01R31/42—AC power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for functional testing of a vacuum switch of a traction converter.
  • FIG. 1 Such a traction converter is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • This traction converter has a quadrature controller 2 on the supply side and a self-commutated converter 4 on the load side, which is also referred to as a pulse converter, which are electrically connected in parallel on the DC voltage side by means of an intermediate circuit capacitor C z ⁇ .
  • a three-phase motor 6 is connected.
  • the four-quadrant actuator 2 is the AC side by means of a secondary winding 8 of a traction transformer 10 and a vacuum switch 12 with a contact wire 14 electrically connected. In each case one terminal of the secondary winding 8 of the traction transformer 10 is electrically conductively connected to an AC voltage terminal 16 or 18 of the four-quadrant actuator 2.
  • a single-phase AC mains voltage u N is converted into a predetermined DC link voltage U z ⁇ , from which a voltage system adapted to the requirements of the three-phase motor 6 is generated, for example a variable voltage and frequency rotary voltage system.
  • turn-off power semiconductor switches in particular insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) are used as converter valves T 1 to T 6 of the self-commutated power converter 4 and as power converters T 7 to T 10 of the four-quadrant controller 2.
  • Each turn-off power semiconductor switch Tl to T6 or T7 to TlO is a power diode Dl to D6 or D7 to DlO electrically connected in parallel.
  • the power flow direction relevant for the converter design is provided by the feeding network via the contact wire 14 and the traction transformer 10, the four-quadrant controller 2 and the self-commutated converter 4 to the three-phase motor 6.
  • a control device 20 is provided the single-phase AC mains voltage u N is supplied.
  • a control device 20 for example, a microcontroller can be provided ller, which is housed in the control and regulating device of the traction converter.
  • a Tratechnischsstromrichter shown in FIG 1 is from the publication entitled “Comparison of Multi-System Traction Converter for High-Power Locomotives” PESC Conference 2004 from 21.06. to 23.06.2004 in Aachen, in particular the figure 10 of this publication, known.
  • the network power value is set to a low harmonic content of the mains current
  • two four-quadrant controllers are provided on the network side, each connected in parallel via a transformer secondary winding on the mains side and working on a common DC voltage intermediate circuit. The control of these two four-quadrant actuators takes place by phasing the two four-quadrant actuators.
  • the vacuum switch 12 is a power switch 12 designed for high currents. This can not only switch on operating currents, but also keep and switch off high overload currents and short-circuit currents for faults for a given time.
  • the vacuum switch has its contacts under vacuum to avoid an arc. These vacuum switches are mainly used only for medium voltage systems. used with voltages up to about 4OkV and are suitable for very large switching frequencies with the greatest possible maintenance freedom. This vacuum switch can lose its functionality by spontaneous or creeping loss of vacuum. As a result of such a functionless vacuum switch, the entire traction converter can be affected in case of failure.
  • a tester In order to check the functionality of such a vacuum switch, a tester is known to be used.
  • the vacuum switch of the traction converter must be disconnected from the high voltage equipment and the tester connected.
  • Known testers operate with a test voltage of several kilovolts and must be equipped with a high-voltage transformer and a correspondingly designed insulation. In addition, the test itself extensive precautions must be observed.
  • the operation of the known test device provides that the vacuum chamber is tested with a test voltage that is between full voltage breakdown voltage and the breakdown voltage of air at atmospheric pressure. This test voltage is applied to the open switch contacts and determines the internal breakdown voltage. In this way, it is determined whether the tested vacuum chamber still has a sufficient vacuum.
  • the invention is an object of the invention to provide a method for functional testing of the vacuum switch of a traction converter, which can be dispensed with the use of a tester. This object is achieved with the method steps according to claim 1 according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention consists in the fact that, when the vacuum switch is open, the four-quadrant controller is actuated such that it generates a voltage pulse as actuator voltage, the temporal position of which relative to the circulating mains AC voltage is set such that a predetermined test voltage drops at the vacuum switch. If the isolation capability of the vacuum switch is not met, a current flows from the supply network to the four-quadrant controller, which is detected by a measured value acquisition by the four-quadrant controller. If the vacuum switch is functional, no current flow can be detected. To generate such a voltage pulse, the energy of the intermediate circuit capacitor of the voltage intermediate circuit of the traction converter is used.
  • the advantage of the inventive method for functional testing of a vacuum switch of a traction converter is that no tester must be used more. That is, by means of the existing circuit parts of a traction converter, the functional test can be performed. Another advantage is that the vacuum switch no longer needs to be disconnected from the high voltage equipment. Thus, at any time at any time this functional test of the vacuum switch of a traction converter can be performed. The functional test can be automatic. Because of the low cost of functional testing of the vacuum switch of a traction converter, the error disclosure is greatly simplified and improved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known embodiment of a traction converter, wherein in the
  • FIG 2 shows an associated single-phase equivalent circuit diagram for network-side voltages and currents.
  • This single-phase equivalent circuit diagram has a voltage source 22 and a voltage source 24, which are electrically connected in parallel.
  • the voltage source 22 replaces the feeding network, wherein the voltage source 24 is the four-quadrant controller 2 with Gleichwoods workedem DC link capacitor C z ⁇ substitute.
  • From traction transformer 10 appears in the single-phase equivalent circuit diagram only its leakage inductance 26.
  • the open vacuum switch 12 is shown in the equivalent circuit diagram as a radio link 28. During operation of the traction converter, the vacuum switch 12 is closed, so that the two voltage sources 22 and 24 are electrically connected in parallel by means of the leakage inductance of the traction transformer 10.
  • mains AC voltage u N and actuator input voltage u St are phase-shifted by an angle to one another.
  • the inductance can be lower. This also reduces the angle between the mains AC voltage u N and the controller voltage u St.
  • a corresponding vector diagram is in the publication titled "Vierquadrantensteller - a net-friendly
  • the two contacts of the vacuum switch 12 are in the open state. That is, these two contacts are arranged spaced apart in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum switch 12.
  • this vacuum switch 12 is shown as a spark gap 28 in the single-phase equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG.
  • the test voltage for the vacuum switch 12 corresponds the differential voltage ⁇ u between mains AC voltage u N and the controller input voltage u Sf
  • this differential voltage .DELTA.u must reach a predetermined value of a breakdown voltage.
  • the amplitude of the differential voltage ⁇ u is adjustable by the temporal position of the actuator input voltage u St relative to the mains AC voltage u N. That is, the angle between the AC line voltage u N and the controller input voltage us t must reach a predetermined value.
  • the four-quadrant controller 2 is driven in such a way that a voltage pulse is present as the controller input voltage u St. This voltage pulse is timed so that the traction transformer 10 does not saturate. Thereafter, it is checked whether a current flows from the feeding network of the four-quadrant controller 2. This check is carried out with the measured value detection of the four-quadrant controller 2. If no flowing current can be determined, the vacuum switch 12 has passed its functional test. However, if a flowing current can be detected, the vacuum switch is faulty and must be replaced. With this method according to the invention, the vacuum switch of a traction converter can be tested for functionality at any time and at any location without the need for a test device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for functionally checking a vacuum switch (12) of a traction inverter having at least one grid-side four quadrant chopper (2) and a load-side pulse inverter (4) electrically connected in parallel on the DC side by means of an intermediate circuit capacitor (Czκ), and having a traction transformer (10) having at least one secondary winding (8), the connections thereof being linked to AC side connections (16,18) of the four quadrant chopper (2), and the primary winding thereof being able to be connected to a connection by means of the vacuum switch (12) to an AC grid voltage (uN). According to the invention, the four quadrant chopper (2) is actuated when the vacuum switch is open (12) precisely when the AC grid voltage (uN) is temporally located relative to the chopper input voltage (USt), such that the amplitude of a differential voltage (Δu) between the AC grid voltage (uN) and the chopper input voltage (USt) corresponds to a predetermined test voltage, wherein a check is subsequently made whether current flows from the supplying grid to the four quadrant chopper (2). The functionality of a vacuum switch (12) of a traction inverter can thereby be performed at any time without a test device.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung eines Vakuumschalters eines TraktionsStromrichters Method for functional testing of a vacuum switch of a traction current converter
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung eines Vakuumschalters eines Traktionsstromrichters. The invention relates to a method for functional testing of a vacuum switch of a traction converter.
Ein derartiger Traktionsstromrichter ist in der FIG 1 näher dargestellt. Dieser Traktionsstromrichter weist netzseitig einen Vierquadrantensteller 2 und lastseitig einen selbstgeführten Stromrichter 4, der auch als Pulsstromrichter bezeichnet wird, auf, die gleichspannungsseitig mittels eines Zwischenkreiskondensators Czκ elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind. An den Ausgängen des Pulsstromrichters 4 ist ein Drehstrommotor 6 angeschlossen. Der Vierquadrantensteller 2 ist wechselspannungsseitig mittels einer Sekundärwicklung 8 eines Traktionstransformators 10 und eines Vakuumschalters 12 mit einem Fahrdraht 14 elektrisch leitend verbindbar. Jeweils ein Anschluss der Sekundärwicklung 8 des Traktionstransformators 10 ist mit einem Wechselspannungs-Anschluss 16 bzw. 18 des Vierquadrantenstellers 2 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Mittels diesem Vierquadrantensteller 2 wird eine einphasige Netz-Wechselspannung uN in eine vorbestimmte Zwischenkreis- Gleichspannung Uzκ umgeformt, aus der dann ein an die Bedürfnisse des Drehstrommotors 6 angepasstes Spannungssystem, beispielsweise ein Drehspannungssystem variabler Amplitude und Frequenz generiert wird. In dieser bekannten Ausführungsform des Traktionsstromrichters werden als Stromrichterventile Tl bis T6 des selbstgeführten Stromrichters 4 und als Stromrichter T7 bis TlO des Vierquadrantenstellers 2 jeweils abschaltbare Leistungshalbleiterschalter, insbesondere Insulated-Gate-Bipolar-Transis- toren (IGBT), verwendet. Jeden abschaltbaren Leistungshalbleiterschalter Tl bis T6 bzw. T7 bis TlO ist eine Leistungsdiode Dl bis D6 bzw. D7 bis DlO elektrisch parallel geschaltet. Die für die Umrichterauslegung relevante Leistungsflussrichtung ist vom speisenden Netz über den Fahrdraht 14 und den Traktionstransformator 10, den Vierquadrantensteller 2 und den selbstgeführten Stromrichter 4 zum Drehstrommotor 6. Zur Steuerung der Stromrichterventile T7 bis TlO des Vierquadran- tenstellers 2 ist eine Regelungseinrichtung 20 vorgesehen, der die einphasige Netz-Wechselspannung uN zugeführt ist. Als Regelungseinrichtung 20 kann beispielsweise ein Microcontro- ler vorgesehen sein, der in der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung des Traktionsstromrichters untergebracht ist. Such a traction converter is shown in more detail in FIG. This traction converter has a quadrature controller 2 on the supply side and a self-commutated converter 4 on the load side, which is also referred to as a pulse converter, which are electrically connected in parallel on the DC voltage side by means of an intermediate circuit capacitor C zκ . At the outputs of the pulse converter 4, a three-phase motor 6 is connected. The four-quadrant actuator 2 is the AC side by means of a secondary winding 8 of a traction transformer 10 and a vacuum switch 12 with a contact wire 14 electrically connected. In each case one terminal of the secondary winding 8 of the traction transformer 10 is electrically conductively connected to an AC voltage terminal 16 or 18 of the four-quadrant actuator 2. By means of this four-quadrant controller 2, a single-phase AC mains voltage u N is converted into a predetermined DC link voltage U zκ , from which a voltage system adapted to the requirements of the three-phase motor 6 is generated, for example a variable voltage and frequency rotary voltage system. In this known embodiment of the traction converter, turn-off power semiconductor switches, in particular insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), are used as converter valves T 1 to T 6 of the self-commutated power converter 4 and as power converters T 7 to T 10 of the four-quadrant controller 2. Each turn-off power semiconductor switch Tl to T6 or T7 to TlO is a power diode Dl to D6 or D7 to DlO electrically connected in parallel. The power flow direction relevant for the converter design is provided by the feeding network via the contact wire 14 and the traction transformer 10, the four-quadrant controller 2 and the self-commutated converter 4 to the three-phase motor 6. For controlling the converter valves T7 to T10 of the four-quadrant controller 2, a control device 20 is provided the single-phase AC mains voltage u N is supplied. As a control device 20, for example, a microcontroller can be provided ller, which is housed in the control and regulating device of the traction converter.
Ein der FIG 1 dargestellter Traktionsstromrichter ist aus der Veröffentlichung mit dem Titel "Comparison of Multi-System Traction Converters for High-Power Locomotives" PESC-Konfe- renz 2004 vom 21.06. bis 23.06.2004 in Aachen, insbesondere der Figur 10 dieser Veröffentlichung, bekannt. Wird netzsei- tig Wert auf einen geringen Oberschwingungsanteil des Netzstromes gelegt, so wird netzseitig zwei Vierquadrantensteller vorgesehen, die jeweils über eine Transformator-Sekundärwick- lung netzseitig parallel geschaltet sind und auf einen gemeinsamen Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis arbeiten. Die Steuerung dieser beiden Vierquadrantensteller erfolgt durch pha- senversetzes Takten der beiden Vierquadrantensteller. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Oberschwingungen der Netzströme auf der Sekundärseite um 180° elektrisch gegeneinander verschoben sind und sich damit auf der Primärseite des Traktionstransformators durch Summenbildung weitgehend kompensieren. Ein derartiger Traktionsstromrichter ist ebenfalls aus der vorgenannten Veröffentlichung, insbesondere der Figur 8 bzw. Figur 12 dieser Veröffentlichung, bekannt. A Traktionsstromrichter shown in FIG 1 is from the publication entitled "Comparison of Multi-System Traction Converter for High-Power Locomotives" PESC Conference 2004 from 21.06. to 23.06.2004 in Aachen, in particular the figure 10 of this publication, known. If the network power value is set to a low harmonic content of the mains current, then two four-quadrant controllers are provided on the network side, each connected in parallel via a transformer secondary winding on the mains side and working on a common DC voltage intermediate circuit. The control of these two four-quadrant actuators takes place by phasing the two four-quadrant actuators. This ensures that the harmonics of the network currents are shifted by 180 ° against each other electrically on the secondary side and thus largely compensate on the primary side of the traction transformer by summation. Such a traction converter is also known from the aforementioned publication, in particular the figure 8 or Figure 12 of this publication.
Der Vakuumschalter 12 ist ein Leistungsschalter 12, der für hohe Ströme ausgelegt ist. Dieser kann nicht nur Betriebsströme einschalten, sondern auch bei Fehlern hohe Überlast- ströme und Kurzschlussströme für eine vorgegebene Zeit halten und ausschalten. Beim Vakuumschalter befinden sich seine Kontakte zur Vermeidung eines Lichtbogens unter Vakuum. Diese Vakuumschalter werden vorwiegend nur bei Mittelspannungsanla- gen mit Spannungen bis ca. 4OkV eingesetzt und sind für sehr große Schalthäufigkeiten bei weitestgehender Wartungsfreiheit geeignet. Dieser Vakuumschalter kann durch spontanen oder schleichenden Verlust des Vakuums seine Funktionsfähigkeit verlieren. In Folge eines derartigen funktionslosen Vakuumschalters kann im Fehlerfall der gesamte Traktionsstromrichter in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. The vacuum switch 12 is a power switch 12 designed for high currents. This can not only switch on operating currents, but also keep and switch off high overload currents and short-circuit currents for faults for a given time. The vacuum switch has its contacts under vacuum to avoid an arc. These vacuum switches are mainly used only for medium voltage systems. used with voltages up to about 4OkV and are suitable for very large switching frequencies with the greatest possible maintenance freedom. This vacuum switch can lose its functionality by spontaneous or creeping loss of vacuum. As a result of such a functionless vacuum switch, the entire traction converter can be affected in case of failure.
Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit eines derartigen Vakuumschalters überprüfen zu können, wird bekannterweise ein Prüfgerät verwendet. Der Vakuumschalter des Traktionsstromrichters muss dafür von der Hochspannungsausrüstung getrennt werden und das Prüfgerät angeschlossen werden. Bekannte Prüfgeräte arbeiten mit einer Prüfspannung von mehreren Kilovolt und müssen mit einem Hochspannungstransformator und einer entsprechend ausgelegten Isolation ausgerüstet sein. Außerdem sind bei der Prüfung selbst umfangreiche Vorsichtsmaßnahmen zu beachten. Die Arbeitsweise der bekannten Prüfeinrichtung sieht vor, dass die Vakuumkammer mit einer Prüfspannung getestet wird, die zwischen Durchschlagsspannung bei vollem Vakuum und der Durchschlagsspannung von Luft bei atmosphärischem Druck liegt. Diese PrüfSpannung wird an den geöffneten Schaltkontakten angelegt und die innere Durchschlagsspannung bestimmt. Auf diese Weise wird festgestellt, ob die geprüfte Vakuumkam- mer noch über ein ausreichendes Vakuum verfügt. In order to check the functionality of such a vacuum switch, a tester is known to be used. The vacuum switch of the traction converter must be disconnected from the high voltage equipment and the tester connected. Known testers operate with a test voltage of several kilovolts and must be equipped with a high-voltage transformer and a correspondingly designed insulation. In addition, the test itself extensive precautions must be observed. The operation of the known test device provides that the vacuum chamber is tested with a test voltage that is between full voltage breakdown voltage and the breakdown voltage of air at atmospheric pressure. This test voltage is applied to the open switch contacts and determines the internal breakdown voltage. In this way, it is determined whether the tested vacuum chamber still has a sufficient vacuum.
Diese Prüfung des Vakuumschalters bedeutet Aufwand und Stillstandszeiten des Traktionsantriebs. Unterbleibt die Prüfung, kann ein Versagen des Vakuumschalters hohe Folgeschäden nach sich ziehen. Da für die Funktionsprüfung des Vakuumschalters ein Prüfgerät benutzt werden muss, kann diese Funktionsprüfung nur in einem Eisenbahn- bzw. Straßenbahndepot vorgenommen werden. Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung des Vakuumschalters eines Traktionsstromrichters anzugeben, wodurch auf die Verwendung eines Prüfgerätes verzichtet werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Verfahrensschritten nach Anspruch 1 erfindungsgemäß gelöst. This test of the vacuum switch means effort and downtime of the traction drive. If the test fails, failure of the vacuum interrupter can result in serious consequential damage. Since a test device must be used for the functional test of the vacuum switch, this functional test can only be performed in a railway or tram depot. The invention is an object of the invention to provide a method for functional testing of the vacuum switch of a traction converter, which can be dispensed with the use of a tester. This object is achieved with the method steps according to claim 1 according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besteht darin, dass bei geöff- neten Vakuumschalter der Vierquadrantensteller derart angesteuert wird, dass dieser als Stellerspannung einen Spannungspuls generiert, dessen zeitliche Lage relativ zur umlaufenden Netz-Wechselspannung derart eingestellt wird, dass eine vorbestimmte PrüfSpannung am Vakuumschalter abfällt. Ist die Isolationsfähigkeit des Vakuumschalters nicht gegeben, fließt ein Strom vom speisenden Netz zum Vierquadrantensteller, der von einer Messwerterfassung des Vierquadrantenstel- lers erfasst wird. Ist der Vakuumschalter funktionstüchtig, kann kein Stromfluss festgestellt werden. Zur Generierung ei- nes derartigen Spannungspulses wird die Energie des Zwischen- kreiskondensators des Spannungszwischenkreises des Traktionsstromrichters verwendet. The method according to the invention consists in the fact that, when the vacuum switch is open, the four-quadrant controller is actuated such that it generates a voltage pulse as actuator voltage, the temporal position of which relative to the circulating mains AC voltage is set such that a predetermined test voltage drops at the vacuum switch. If the isolation capability of the vacuum switch is not met, a current flows from the supply network to the four-quadrant controller, which is detected by a measured value acquisition by the four-quadrant controller. If the vacuum switch is functional, no current flow can be detected. To generate such a voltage pulse, the energy of the intermediate circuit capacitor of the voltage intermediate circuit of the traction converter is used.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Funktions- prüfung eines Vakuumschalters eines Traktionsstromrichters besteht darin, dass kein Prüfgerät mehr verwendet werden muss. D.h., mittels der vorhandenen Schaltungsteile eines Traktionsstromrichters kann die Funktionsprüfung durchgeführt werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass der Vakuum- Schalter nicht mehr von der Hochspannungsausrüstung getrennt werden muss. Somit kann an jedem Ort zu jeder Zeit diese Funktionsprüfung des Vakuumschalters eines Traktionsstromrichters durchgeführt werden. Die Funktionsprüfung kann automatisch ablaufen. Wegen des geringen Aufwands der Funktions- prüfung des Vakuumschalters eines Traktionsstromrichters vereinfacht und verbessert sich die Fehleroffenbarung wesentlich. The advantage of the inventive method for functional testing of a vacuum switch of a traction converter is that no tester must be used more. That is, by means of the existing circuit parts of a traction converter, the functional test can be performed. Another advantage is that the vacuum switch no longer needs to be disconnected from the high voltage equipment. Thus, at any time at any time this functional test of the vacuum switch of a traction converter can be performed. The functional test can be automatic. Because of the low cost of functional testing of the vacuum switch of a traction converter, the error disclosure is greatly simplified and improved.
Zur näheren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, mit der die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens näher erläutert wird. FIG 1 zeigt eine bekannte Ausführungsform eines Traktionsstromrichters, wobei in der For a more detailed explanation of the invention, reference is made to the drawing, with which the operation of the method according to the invention is explained in more detail. 1 shows a known embodiment of a traction converter, wherein in the
FIG 2 ein zugehöriges einphasiges Ersatzschaltbild für netz- seitig Spannungen und Ströme dargestellt ist. 2 shows an associated single-phase equivalent circuit diagram for network-side voltages and currents.
Dieses einphasige Ersatzschaltbild weist eine Spannungsquelle 22 und eine Spannungsquelle 24 auf, die elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind. Die Spannungsquelle 22 ersetzt das speisende Netz, wobei die Spannungsquelle 24 den Vierquadrantensteller 2 mit gleichspannungsseitigem Zwischenkreis-Kondensator Czκ ersatzweise darstellt. Vom Traktionstransformator 10 erscheint im einphasigen Ersatzschaltbild nur seine Streuinduktivität 26. Der offene Vakuumschalter 12 wird im Ersatzschaltbild als Funkstrecke 28 dargestellt. Während des Be- triebes des Traktionsstromrichters ist der Vakuumschalter 12 geschlossen, so dass die beiden Spannungsquellen 22 und 24 mittels der Streuinduktivität des Traktionstransformators 10 elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind. Gemäß diesem Ersatzschaltbild im Normalbetrieb sind Netz-Wechselspannung uN und Stellereingangsspannung uSt um einen Winkel zueinander phasenverschoben. Mit steigender Stellertaktfrequenz kann die Induktivität geringer werden. Damit wird auch der Winkel zwischen Netz-Wechselspannung uN und Stellerspannung uSt kleiner. Ein entsprechendes Zeigerdiagramm ist in der Veröffentlichung mit dem Titel "Vierquadrantensteller - eine netzfreundlicheThis single-phase equivalent circuit diagram has a voltage source 22 and a voltage source 24, which are electrically connected in parallel. The voltage source 22 replaces the feeding network, wherein the voltage source 24 is the four-quadrant controller 2 with Gleichspannungsseitigem DC link capacitor C zκ substitute. From traction transformer 10 appears in the single-phase equivalent circuit diagram only its leakage inductance 26. The open vacuum switch 12 is shown in the equivalent circuit diagram as a radio link 28. During operation of the traction converter, the vacuum switch 12 is closed, so that the two voltage sources 22 and 24 are electrically connected in parallel by means of the leakage inductance of the traction transformer 10. In accordance with this equivalent circuit diagram in normal operation, mains AC voltage u N and actuator input voltage u St are phase-shifted by an angle to one another. With increasing actuator clock frequency, the inductance can be lower. This also reduces the angle between the mains AC voltage u N and the controller voltage u St. A corresponding vector diagram is in the publication titled "Vierquadrantensteller - a net-friendly
Einspeisung für Triebfahrzeuge mit Drehstromantrieb", Sonderdruck aus der DE-Zeitschrift "Elektrische Bahnen", Jahrgang 45, Heft 6, 1974, insbesondere dem Bild 10 dieses Sonderdrucks, dargestellt. Infeed for traction vehicles with three-phase drive ", special edition from the German magazine" electric railways ", year 45, Issue 6, 1974, in particular the image 10 of this reprint, shown.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung des Vakuumschalters 12 eines Traktionsstromrichters befinden sich die beiden Kontakte des Vakuumschalters 12 im geöffneten Zustand. D.h., diese beiden Kontakte sind zueinander beabstan- det in der Vakuumkammer des Vakuumschalters 12 angeordnet.In the method according to the invention for functional testing of the vacuum switch 12 of a traction converter, the two contacts of the vacuum switch 12 are in the open state. That is, these two contacts are arranged spaced apart in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum switch 12.
Aus diesem Grund ist dieser Vakuumschalter 12 im einphasigen Ersatzschaltbild gemäß FIG 2 als Funkenstrecke 28 dargestellt. Die PrüfSpannung für den Vakuumschalter 12 entspricht der Differenzspannung Δu zwischen Netz-Wechselspannung uN und Stellereingangsspannung uSf Um die Funktionsfähigkeit des Vakuumschalters 12 prüfen zu können, muss diese Differenzspannung Δu einen vorbestimmten Wert einer Durchschlagsspan- nung erreichen. Die Amplitude der Differenzspannung Δu ist durch die zeitliche Lage der Stellereingangsspannung uSt relativ zur Netz-Wechselspannung uN einstellbar. D.h., der Winkel zwischen der Netz-Wechselspannung uN und der Stellereingangsspannung ust muss einen vorbestimmten Wert erreichen. Liegt die Netz-Wechselspannung uN derart zeitlich relativ zur Stellereingangsspannung ustr dass die Differenzspannung Δu die Amplitude einer vorbestimmten Prüfspannung erreicht, wird der Vierquadrantensteller 2 derart angesteuert, dass als Stellereingangsspannung uSt ein Spannungspuls ansteht. Dieser Spannungspuls ist zeitlich so bemessen, dass der Traktionstransformator 10 nicht in Sättigung gerät. Danach wird überprüft, ob ein Strom vom speisenden Netz vom Vierquadrantensteller 2 fließt. Diese Überprüfung erfolgt mit der Messwerterfassung des Vierquadrantenstellers 2. Kann kein fließender Strom ermittelt werden, hat der Vakuumschalter 12 seine Funktionsprüfung bestanden. Kann jedoch ein fließender Strom er- fasst werden, so ist der Vakuumschalter fehlerhaft und muss ausgetauscht werden. Mit diesem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann zu jeder Zeit und an jedem Ort der Vakuumschalter eines Traktionsstromrichters auf Funktionsfähigkeit geprüft werden, ohne dass dabei ein Prüfgerät mehr benötigt wird. For this reason, this vacuum switch 12 is shown as a spark gap 28 in the single-phase equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG. The test voltage for the vacuum switch 12 corresponds the differential voltage Δu between mains AC voltage u N and the controller input voltage u Sf In order to check the operability of the vacuum switch 12, this differential voltage .DELTA.u must reach a predetermined value of a breakdown voltage. The amplitude of the differential voltage Δu is adjustable by the temporal position of the actuator input voltage u St relative to the mains AC voltage u N. That is, the angle between the AC line voltage u N and the controller input voltage us t must reach a predetermined value. If the network AC voltage u N is such relative to the controller input voltage u str that the differential voltage Δu reaches the amplitude of a predetermined test voltage, the four-quadrant controller 2 is driven in such a way that a voltage pulse is present as the controller input voltage u St. This voltage pulse is timed so that the traction transformer 10 does not saturate. Thereafter, it is checked whether a current flows from the feeding network of the four-quadrant controller 2. This check is carried out with the measured value detection of the four-quadrant controller 2. If no flowing current can be determined, the vacuum switch 12 has passed its functional test. However, if a flowing current can be detected, the vacuum switch is faulty and must be replaced. With this method according to the invention, the vacuum switch of a traction converter can be tested for functionality at any time and at any location without the need for a test device.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung eines Vakuumschalters (12) eines Traktionsstromrichters mit wenigstens einem netzseiti- gen Vierquadrantensteller (2) und einem lastseitigen Pulsstromrichter (4), die mittels eines Zwischenkreiskondensators (CZκ) gleichspannungsseitig elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind, und mit einem Traktionstransformator (10) mit wenigstens einer Sekundärwicklung (8), deren Anschlüsse mit wech- selspannungsseitigen Anschlüssen (16,18) des Vierquadranten- stellers (2) verknüpft sind und dessen Primärwicklung mit einem Anschluss mittels des Vakuumschalters (12) mit einer Netz-Wechselspannung (uN) verbindbar ist, wobei der Vierquadrantensteller (2) bei geöffneten Vakuumschalters (12), genau dann angesteuert wird, wenn die ermittelte Netz-Wechselspannung (UN) derart zeitlich relativ zur Stellereingangsspannung (uSt) liegt, dass eine zwischen Netz-Wechselspannung (uN) und Stellereingangsspannung (uSt) ermittelte Differenzspannung (Δu) amplitudenmäßig einer vorbestimmten Prüfspannung ent- spricht, wobei anschließend überprüft wird, ob ein Strom vom speisenden Netz zum Vierquadrantensteller (2) fließt. 1. A method for functional testing of a vacuum switch (12) of a traction converter with at least one Netzseiti- Vier Vierquadrantensteller (2) and a load-side pulse converter (4), which are electrically connected in parallel on the DC side by means of an intermediate circuit capacitor (C Z κ), and with a traction transformer ( 10) with at least one secondary winding (8), the connections of which are connected to the voltage side connections (16,18) of the Vierquadranten- stellers (2) and whose primary winding with a connection by means of the vacuum switch (12) with a mains AC voltage (u N ), wherein the four-quadrant controller (2) is controlled when the vacuum switch (12) is open, when the determined mains AC voltage (U N ) is temporally relative to the controller input voltage (u St ) such that one between mains AC voltage (u N ) and actuator input voltage (u St ) detected difference voltage (Δu) amplitude ig corresponds to a predetermined test voltage, in which case it is checked whether a current flows from the supplying network to the four-quadrant controller (2).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die generierte Stellereingangsspan- nung (uSt) ein Spannungspuls ist. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the generated Stellereingangsspan- voltage (u S t) is a voltage pulse.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die generierte Stellereingangsspannung (uSt) frei einstellbar ist. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the generated actuator input voltage (u St ) is freely adjustable.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die zeitliche Lage der generierten Stellereingangsspannung (uSt) relativ zur Netz-Wechselspan¬ nung (UN) einstellbar ist. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the temporal position of the generated actuator input voltage (u St ) relative to the mains Wechselspan ¬ voltage (U N ) is adjustable.
EP10739369A 2009-08-10 2010-08-05 Method for functionally checking a vacuum switch of a traction inverter Withdrawn EP2465126A1 (en)

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EP10739369A EP2465126A1 (en) 2009-08-10 2010-08-05 Method for functionally checking a vacuum switch of a traction inverter
PCT/EP2010/061395 WO2011018405A1 (en) 2009-08-10 2010-08-05 Method for functionally checking a vacuum switch of a traction inverter

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EP2284855B1 (en) 2017-03-29

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