EP2463100A1 - Machine for processing brackets, in particular bracket pressure machine - Google Patents

Machine for processing brackets, in particular bracket pressure machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2463100A1
EP2463100A1 EP11188178A EP11188178A EP2463100A1 EP 2463100 A1 EP2463100 A1 EP 2463100A1 EP 11188178 A EP11188178 A EP 11188178A EP 11188178 A EP11188178 A EP 11188178A EP 2463100 A1 EP2463100 A1 EP 2463100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
sheet
light sources
dryer
nozzles
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Granted
Application number
EP11188178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2463100B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Jung
Uwe Ernst
Rolf Müller
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
    • B41F23/0403—Drying webs
    • B41F23/0406—Drying webs by radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
    • B41F23/0403—Drying webs
    • B41F23/0406—Drying webs by radiation
    • B41F23/0413—Infrared dryers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet-processing machine, in particular sheet-fed printing machine, with a coating unit and one or more combination driers, which act on the freshly painted sheet both with radiant energy in the infrared range and with heated air.
  • Such combination dryers are known per se for drying dispersion paints. They have infrared radiators mostly in the form of thermal radiators, for example carbon radiators, which require preheating times of several seconds and are therefore permanently switched on during the execution of a print job. The switching on and off of such emitters in the cycle of the sheet transport of about 3 to 5 sheets / s is not possible with such emitters.
  • the sheet to be dried is typically blown with hot air at temperatures between 100 ° and 120 ° C. For this purpose, fresh air is used, which is optionally heated after preheating via a heat exchanger with electrical energy to temperatures above 100 ° C.
  • the thermal energy used in these combination dryers is converted only to a proportion well below 20% in evaporation enthalpy.
  • the hot air causes the dryer units and all machine parts in the environment to heat up (heat losses).
  • the hot, humid exhaust air is sucked off and blown out into the open air.
  • the infrared radiators themselves have an "overall efficiency" of about 10 to 40%, depending on how much the substrate and its ink coverage absorbs the electromagnetic energy in the wavelength range of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m in which the conventional IR radiation sources emit.
  • the thin aqueous dispersion lacquer layer itself absorbs only an insignificant proportion of the radiation power of the infrared radiators used for this purpose.
  • thermal radiators As ceramic tiles, heated metal bands, etc., to shift the emission wavelength in the long-wavelength part of the IR spectrum.
  • the operating temperature of such lamps is still between 500 ° C and 800 ° C, so that by forced and free convection a lot of energy is lost as waste heat from the outset.
  • the sheets must not come into contact with the hot surfaces of the components of the dryer, since paper begins to burn already from 200 ° C. It is also very difficult to keep the heat of the dryers away from other machine components. Abschottrise are practically ineffective. Therefore, sometimes complicated recooling of adjacent machine components are made, which should not be exposed to the heat of the dryer.
  • UV inks and UV coatings are printed and then dried with UV lamps "cold” ie reactive crosslinked.
  • the additional use of hot air is not required for these dryers. Instead, more cooling air is required to cool the UV light sources themselves.
  • WO 2005/093858 describes a flat UV light source, in which a matrix of ultraviolet light emitting diodes is used. These diodes are cooled by air passing through slit-shaped channels between the rows of diodes.
  • UV light sources are not suitable for drying aqueous dispersion coatings.
  • the object of the present invention to propose a combination dryer for the drying of preferably dispersion coatings, in which the energy used is utilized as effectively as possible or which has a particularly good overall efficiency.
  • This object is achieved according to the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, characterized in that the combination dryer contains or contain a plurality of round or polygonal air nozzles, between which narrow-band high-performance infrared light sources are arranged, of which the painted sheet with a total radiation density at least 25 kW / m 2 can be acted upon, wherein the temperature of the passing through the heated air is below 100 ° C, preferably below 80 ° C.
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that most expediently, the energy to be introduced into the dispersion lacquer layer for evaporation of the water almost Completely by matched to the absorption spectrum of the paint infrared radiation and simultaneously directed to the arc blowing air only serves to remove or propagate the released from the infrared radiation from the paint layer water vapor, for which air is relatively low temperature sufficient.
  • the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ can be increased by a factor of at least 2 up to a factor of 5 compared to the known combination driers mentioned at the outset, ie values of ⁇ > 250 W / m 2 K can be achieved. Due to the high air exchange and the strong overflow of the surface of the painted sheet there is no accumulation of water vapor or even a condensation of water vapor (misting), which otherwise could absorb the incident infrared light before it reaches the sheet surface.
  • the hot air used for this purpose is preferably in a temperature range between 40 ° and 80 ° C. This is sufficient for the air to absorb the water vapor escaping from the bow.
  • the wavelength of the infrared light sources is expedient to the absorption bands of the dispersion varnish d. H. tuned to the absorption bands of water at 1.93, 2.7, 4.7 and / or 6.3 microns.
  • the combination dryer sits over a cylinder of the coating unit, ie, the impression cylinder of the coating unit or a subsequent cylinder over which the sheet is transported in the direction of the delivery.
  • high performance blower such as B. side channel blower or turbo peripheral blower or high-pressure centrifugal fans used.
  • blowers are z. B. from the company Gardner Denver Schopfheim GmbH Schopfheim, BR Germany, or from the Fa. Dietz Motoren GmbH + Co. KG in Dettingen u. Teck, BR Germany. They produce a static pressure above 8,000 Pa and deliver air volumes of 1,000 to 2,000 m 3 / h, whereby the amount of air can be correspondingly increased by using several blowers.
  • the infrared light sources emitting on the absorption bands of water may be IR / diode lasers or diode laser arrays using both edge emitting high power diode lasers and surface emitting diode lasers or laser arrays, for example high power VCSEL laser arrays.
  • IR / diode lasers or diode laser arrays using both edge emitting high power diode lasers and surface emitting diode lasers or laser arrays, for example high power VCSEL laser arrays.
  • fiber-coupled diode lasers it is also possible to use fiber-coupled diode lasers.
  • the infrared emitters are useful semiconductor light sources, they can be format-dependent with an appropriate control and also in the clock of the sheet feed on and off, so that the light sources are turned off during a gap arc, what the efficiency of the dryer alone can improve by a factor of 2 In addition, can be realized with the inventive measures a dryer with significantly shorter length compared to combination dryers of the type mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 shows an offset printing machine 1 in a row construction with a feeder 2, in which the unprinted paper stack 3 is six printing units 8a to 8f for the four primary colors and optionally two other spot colors, a first coating unit 9a, following two dryer units 10a and 10b, a second Painting unit 9b and a boom 5 with the sheet delivery stack 6.
  • the unprinted paper stack 3 is six printing units 8a to 8f for the four primary colors and optionally two other spot colors
  • a first coating unit 9a following two dryer units 10a and 10b
  • a second Painting unit 9b a boom 5 with the sheet delivery stack 6.
  • four further dryer units 11a to 11d are arranged in the sheet transport direction one behind the other.
  • Such a printing press is offered, for example, under the name Speedmaster XL105-6-LYYLX3 by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
  • the four dryer units 11a to 11d are designed in the manner of plug-in modules, as in the DE 101 18 757 A1 is described. These dryer trays are so-called combination dryer, both with hot air and radiation energy, z. B. IR radiation, act on the sheet to be dried.
  • FIG. 2 is the rear part of the machine after FIG. 1 but now shown with a modified drying line with combination dryers according to the present invention.
  • the coating unit or printing cylinder 119b denoted here by 109b is followed by two transport cylinders 120 and 121, wherein the cylinder 120 is designed as a transferer in a known manner so that the lacquered sheet surface located there does not come into contact with the cylinder surface but via air cushions kept at a distance.
  • the sheet lies with its already dried back side.
  • the cylinders 120 and 121 convey the sheet to a circulating chain gripper system 105, of which the painted sheet in known Way conveyed over the stack 106 and stored there. With 126 a sheet baffle is designated, over which the sheet is pulled away from the chain grippers also by means of air cushions without contact.
  • a combination dryer 111a with a curved nozzle plate adapted to the cylinder radius is arranged at a distance of about 1 cm to about 4 cm (see following numerical embodiments 1 and 2).
  • the structure of this dryer will be described in the following figures.
  • a second combination dryer 111b is associated with the second transport cylinder 121 and mounted there at the same distance from the cylinder surface.
  • a second combination dryer 111c is mounted above the sheet guide plate 126 on the printing cylinder 119b of the coating unit 109b.
  • This combination dryer has a rectangular, flat shape. Otherwise, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and will not be explained again.
  • the combination dryer 111b is shown in more detail in section perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the transport cylinder 121. He has a concave, adapted to the curvature or the radius of the cylinder surface shape.
  • FIG. 5 As from the supervision in the clipping after FIG. 5 shown with removed plate 131, it has a plurality of staggered rows of nozzles 134 through which the air can pass.
  • a plurality of high power diode lasers 135 are inserted into the gaps between the nozzles.
  • the diode lasers 135 are designed as so-called "vertically stacked laser bars" (vertical stacks), ie, up to 30, typically 6, 12 or 20, individual bars are mounted on a heat sink.
  • FIG. 7 shows such composed of 12 bars stack.
  • the heat sink is denoted there by 113 and the zone from which the infrared radiation emerges, with 115.
  • Such diode lasers are known per se and are offered, for example, by the company. Dilas in Mainz, DE.
  • the heat sinks 113 of the diode laser 135 in turn are attached to webs 137 ( FIG. 4 ) extending between the nozzle plate 131 and the rear wall 132 of the dryer 111b.
  • the webs 137 like the rear wall 132, are made of aluminum and have good thermal conductivity. Together with this, they form a heat sink for the diode laser bars 135.
  • the coolant channels denoted by 124 through which a coolant flows to dissipate the heat loss produced by the diode lasers 135.
  • plastic tubes 127 are inserted into the nozzle bores of the plate 131. These plastic tubes 127 are connected to one another via a distribution system 128 and are supplied with blowing air from compressors, not shown here, such as the side channel compressors mentioned above, at a pressure of 8000 Pa. The temperature of this blowing air is about 50 ° C.
  • the blown air is heated by means of a water-air heat pump, not shown here, which is connected to the coolant circuit 124 and thus transforms the waste heat of the diode laser from about 25 ° C to a higher temperature level of 50 to 60 ° C and to a heat exchanger, not shown here emits through which the supply air flows.
  • a water-air heat pump not shown here
  • the air is already heated by the adiabatic compression in the side channel compressors by about 7 ° and the Waste heat of the compressor / blower can also be used for heating the blown air.
  • An additional electric heater for heating the blowing air as is common in conventional dryers, can therefore be omitted.
  • the warm blowing air remains thermally isolated from the diode lasers 135 in order not to impair their efficiency.
  • further radiation windows 139 are embedded in a plastic which is transparent to the wavelength of the diode laser, of which the plate 131 or the interior behind it is finished smoothly in order to prevent the penetration of moisture and dirt.
  • the plate 131 or the dryer as a whole forms a sheet guiding body with the exception of the nozzle holes smooth surface, wherein the emerging from the ends of the plastic tubes 127 air flow presses the sheet to be dried on the counter-pressure or transport cylinder 119 b / 121.
  • the number of diode lasers 135 and the distance of the nozzle bores 134 from the surface of the cylinder 121 and the sheet B thereon are selected so that the sheet passed under the dryer is fully intense with infrared radiation is acted upon, while at the same time the turbulent air flow emerging from the plastic tubes 137 blows away from the paint layer of the sheet B exiting water vapor.
  • the vapor-saturated exhaust air has a temperature of about 60 to 70 ° C and is collected on both sides of the dryer as well as transversely to the sheet transport direction via suction ducts 136a and 136b, where it is blown through not shown exhaust ducts either into the open or, in a further development of the invention the water vapor and any solvent contained therein, is condensed out in order to use the exhaust air again.
  • High power infrared diode lasers emitting on the absorption line of water at 1.93 ⁇ m are already known. They are manufactured, for example, by the above-mentioned company Dilas and are described in the article "High-power diode laser modules from 410 - 2200 nm "(authors Bernd Köhler et al.) of Dilas GmbH The single bars have an output power of 15 W, so that when using about 50 stacks of 12 bars each, an infrared power of 9 kW on the absorption line of Water can be achieved.
  • the electrical connections of the high-power diode laser 135 are placed on a socket, which are connected via appropriate cable to a power supply of the dryer control in the supply cabinet for the dryer on the press.
  • the dryer controller provides the output current or output voltage for the diode laser 135 synchronized to the machine angle.
  • the dryer control is in turn connected to the control of the printing press and receives from this in addition to the information about the current machine angle in real time more leading commands delivered.
  • the diode lasers 135 are only supplied with voltage when the lacquered sheet in the diverging cone of the diode laser moves under them.
  • the diode lasers are summarized in groups summarized, d. H.
  • diode lasers in the rows in which the arc "comes later" will be turned on accordingly later.
  • outer groups of the diode lasers can be switched on and off separately from the others. These outer diode lasers are turned off when printing paper smaller than the maximum size.
  • aqueous paper sheets of a grammage of 135 g / m 2 with a coating application of 4 g / m 2 at the printing speed of 4.9 m / s could be predried over the dryer section to a degree of drying of 55%.
  • a dryer of the same construction on the next but one sheet transport cylinder then the continuous sheet reached a degree of drying of 98%.
  • nozzle array 1672 nozzles in 22 rows of 76 nozzles each Diameter of the nozzles 2 mm Nozzle cross-section of a single nozzle 3.14 mm 2 Nozzles total cross section 5250 mm 2 Distance between the nozzles / nozzle rows 14 mm blowing temperature 50 ° C blowoff 120 m / s Air flow V_pkt 2270 m 3 / h Distance nozzle opening - paper sheet 1 cm Infrared radiation power at ⁇ 1.93 ⁇ m 20 kW Width of the dryer zone 105 cm Length of the dryer zone 30 cm irradiance 67 kW / m 2 V_pkt / A 7570 m 3 [air] / (m 2 h) Heat transfer coefficient ⁇ 620 W / m 2 K Ratio of radiation density / V_pkt / A 8.8 Wh / m 3
  • drying towers 10a and 10b arranged after the first coating unit 9a can also be used in FIG. 1 shown printing press with the dryers 111a and 111b according to the invention are equipped by z. B. the dryer is arranged there above the sheet transport cylinder 20a. With suitable dimensioning of the dryer z. B. according to Example 2, then the drying tower 10b completely eliminated.
  • diode laser arrays can be used which directly adjoin one another over the entire sheet width and alternate with corresponding rows of nozzles in the sheet running direction, as in FIG FIG. 6 outlined.
  • the infrared light output can also be guided via optical fibers to the dryer, where their ends are then fixed in the plate 131.
  • the high-power diode lasers can be arranged in the dryer supply cabinet of the printing press.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The machine has a sheet-fed printing press including a varnishing unit and one combination dryer for applying radiation energy and heated air to a newly varnished sheet. The combination drier includes several circular or polygonal air nozzles (134) and narrow-band high-power infrared light sources such as infrared (IR) laser diode (115) positioned between the air nozzles. The infrared light sources apply radiation at a radiation density of 25 kW/m 2>to the varnished sheet. The temperature of the heated air passing through the nozzles is below 100[deg] C. An independent claim is included for method for drying aqueous painted sheets.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine bogenverarbeitende Maschine, insbesondere Bogendruckmaschine, mit einem Lackierwerk und einem oder mehreren Kombinationstrocknern, die den frisch lackierten Bogen sowohl mit Strahlungsenergie im Infrarotbereich als auch mit erwärmter Luft beaufschlagen. Derartige Kombinationstrockner sind zur Trocknung von Dispersionslacken an sich bekannt. Sie besitzen Infrarotstrahler meist in der Form von thermischen Strahlern, beispielsweise Carbonstrahlern, die Vorheizzeiten von mehreren Sekunden benötigen und deshalb während der Durchführung eines Druckjobs permanent eingeschaltet sind. Das Ein- bzw. Ausschalten solcher Strahler im Takte des Bogentransports von ca. 3 bis 5 Bogen/s ist mit solchen Strahlern nicht möglich. Gleichzeitig wird der zu trocknende Bogen mit Heißluft typischerweise bei Temperaturen zwischen 100° und 120°C beblasen. Dazu wird Frischluft eingesetzt, die gegebenenfalls nach Vorwärmung über einen Wärmetauscher mit elektrischer Energie auf Temperaturen oberhalb von 100°C aufgeheizt wird.The invention relates to a sheet-processing machine, in particular sheet-fed printing machine, with a coating unit and one or more combination driers, which act on the freshly painted sheet both with radiant energy in the infrared range and with heated air. Such combination dryers are known per se for drying dispersion paints. They have infrared radiators mostly in the form of thermal radiators, for example carbon radiators, which require preheating times of several seconds and are therefore permanently switched on during the execution of a print job. The switching on and off of such emitters in the cycle of the sheet transport of about 3 to 5 sheets / s is not possible with such emitters. At the same time, the sheet to be dried is typically blown with hot air at temperatures between 100 ° and 120 ° C. For this purpose, fresh air is used, which is optionally heated after preheating via a heat exchanger with electrical energy to temperatures above 100 ° C.

Die bei diesen Kombinationstrocknern eingesetzte thermische Energie wird jedoch nur zu einem Anteil deutlich unterhalb von 20 % in Verdunstungsenthalpie umgesetzt. Denn zum einen bewirkt die Heißluft ein Aufheizen der Trockneraggregate und aller im Umfeld befindlichen Maschinenteile (Wärmeverluste). Zudem wird nach dem Trocknungsvorgang die feuchtheiße Abluft abgesaugt und ins Freie geblasen. Die Infrarotstrahler selbst haben einen "Gesamtwirkungsgrad" von ungefähr 10 bis 40 %, nämlich abhängig davon, wie stark der Bedruckstoff und seine Farbbelegung die elektromagnetische Energie in dem Wellenbereich von 0,5 bis 10 µm absorbiert, in dem die konventionellen IR-Strahlungsquellen emittieren. Die dünne wässrige Dispersionslackschicht absorbiert selbst nur einen nicht nennenswerten Anteil der Strahlungsleistung der zu diesem Zwecke eingesetzten Infrarotstrahler.However, the thermal energy used in these combination dryers is converted only to a proportion well below 20% in evaporation enthalpy. On the one hand, the hot air causes the dryer units and all machine parts in the environment to heat up (heat losses). In addition, after the drying process, the hot, humid exhaust air is sucked off and blown out into the open air. The infrared radiators themselves have an "overall efficiency" of about 10 to 40%, depending on how much the substrate and its ink coverage absorbs the electromagnetic energy in the wavelength range of 0.5 to 10 μm in which the conventional IR radiation sources emit. The thin aqueous dispersion lacquer layer itself absorbs only an insignificant proportion of the radiation power of the infrared radiators used for this purpose.

Man hat schon versucht den Gesamtwirkungsgrad solcher Kombinationstrockner zu verbessern, indem über apparative Zusatzmaßnahmen Wärmeenergie aus der Abluft z. B. durch Wärmetauscher wiedergewonnen und zur Aufheizung der Frischluft verwendet wird. Damit lässt sich jedoch nur eine mäßige Energierückgewinnung von ca. 10 % der Leistung des Trockners realisieren.Attempts have already been made to improve the overall efficiency of such combination dryers by using additional equipment heat energy from the exhaust air z. B. recovered by heat exchangers and used to heat the fresh air. This, however, only a moderate energy recovery of about 10% of the performance of the dryer can be realized.

Des Weiteren wurde auch schon versucht durch den Einsatz bekannter Typen von thermischen Strahlern, wie z. B. Keramikkacheln, beheizte Metallbänder etc., die Emissionswellenlänge in den langwelligen Teil des IR-Spektrums zu verschieben. Die Betriebstemperatur solcher Strahler liegt jedoch immer noch zwischen 500°C und 800°C, so dass durch erzwungenen und freie Konvektion sehr viel Energie als Abwärme von vorneherein verloren geht. Zudem dürfen die Bögen nicht mit den heißen Oberflächen der Bauteile des Trockners in Berührung kommen, da Papier bereits ab 200°C zu brennen beginnt. Es ist außerdem sehr schwierig, die Wärme der Trockner von anderen Maschinenbauteilen fernzuhalten. Abschottmaßnahmen sind praktisch unwirksam. Deshalb werden zum Teil aufwändige Rückkühlungen an benachbarten Maschinenbauteilen vorgenommen, die nicht der Wärme des Trockners ausgesetzt werden sollen.Furthermore, it has also been tried by the use of known types of thermal radiators, such. As ceramic tiles, heated metal bands, etc., to shift the emission wavelength in the long-wavelength part of the IR spectrum. However, the operating temperature of such lamps is still between 500 ° C and 800 ° C, so that by forced and free convection a lot of energy is lost as waste heat from the outset. In addition, the sheets must not come into contact with the hot surfaces of the components of the dryer, since paper begins to burn already from 200 ° C. It is also very difficult to keep the heat of the dryers away from other machine components. Abschottmaßnahmen are practically ineffective. Therefore, sometimes complicated recooling of adjacent machine components are made, which should not be exposed to the heat of the dryer.

Der bescheidene Wirkungsgrad von Kombinationstrocknern liegt zum großen Teil darin begründet, dass es schwierig ist die Energie der Wärmequellen des Trockners an die Stelle zu bringen, wo sie benötigt wird, nämlich zur Verdunstung des Wassers in der Dispersionslackschicht. Als Ursache wird oft ein zu geringer Wärmeübergang der Heißluft auf die Bogenoberfläche angenommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde versucht durch Optimierung der Düsen und des Temperaturbereichs für die Heißluft den Wirkungsgrad zu erhöhen. So ist in der DE 10 2007 019 977 ein Heißlufttrockner beschrieben, bei dem die Ausströmtemperatur der Luft durch die Düsen mindestens 300°C betragen und der Abstand der Bögen zu den Düsen möglichst klein sein soll. Problematisch dabei ist jedoch, dass der zu trocknende Lack aufgrund des kurzen Abstands und der hohen Ausblasgeschwindigkeiten der heißen Luft praktisch weggeblasen wird und keine Möglichkeit hat, zu einer gleichmäßigen sauberen Lackschicht zu trocknen. Aus der DE 10 2006 059 025 sowie der US 2004/0060193 A1 und der US 6,293,196 ist es bekannt, Düsen vorzusehen, aus denen die Heißluft turbulent mit hoher Geschwindigkeit ausströmt, um eine bessere Wechselwirkung mit der Bogenoberfläche zu erreichen. Auch diese Maßnahmen bringen jedoch nur einen begrenzten Erfolg.The modest efficiency of combination dryers is largely due to the difficulty of putting the heat source energy of the dryer where it is needed, namely to the evaporation of water in the dispersion lacquer layer. The cause is often assumed to be a low heat transfer of the hot air to the sheet surface. Against this background, an attempt was made to increase the efficiency by optimizing the nozzles and the temperature range for the hot air. So is in the DE 10 2007 019 977 a hot air dryer described in which the outflow temperature of the air through the nozzles should be at least 300 ° C and the distance of the sheets to the nozzles should be as small as possible. The problem here is that the paint to be dried is virtually blown away due to the short distance and the high Ausblasgeschwindigkeiten the hot air and has no way to dry to a uniform clean paint layer. From the DE 10 2006 059 025 as well as the US 2004/0060193 A1 and the US 6,293,196 It is known to provide nozzles from which the hot air flows out in a turbulent manner at high speed in order to achieve a better interaction with the sheet surface. These measures, however, bring only limited success.

Des Weiteren sind Bogen verarbeitende Maschinen bekannt, bei denen UV-Farben und UV-Lacke verdruckt werden und die dann mit UV-Strahlern "kalt" getrocknet d. h. reaktiv vernetzt werden. Des zusätzlichen Einsatzes von Heißluft bedarf es bei diesen Trocknern nicht. Stattdessen ist eher Kühlluft gefordert, um die UV-Lichtquellen selbst zu kühlen. So ist in der WO 2005/093858 eine flächige UV-Lichtquelle beschrieben, in der eine Matrix von ultraviolettes Licht emittierenden Dioden eingesetzt ist. Diese Dioden werden durch Luft gekühlt, die durch schlitzförmige Kanäle zwischen den Diodenreihen hindurchtritt. Zum Trocknen von wässrigen Dispersionlacken sind solche UV-Lichtquellen jedoch nicht geeignet.Furthermore, sheet-processing machines are known in which UV inks and UV coatings are printed and then dried with UV lamps "cold" ie reactive crosslinked. The additional use of hot air is not required for these dryers. Instead, more cooling air is required to cool the UV light sources themselves. So is in the WO 2005/093858 describes a flat UV light source, in which a matrix of ultraviolet light emitting diodes is used. These diodes are cooled by air passing through slit-shaped channels between the rows of diodes. However, such UV light sources are not suitable for drying aqueous dispersion coatings.

In der EP 2 067 620 ist ein Verfahren zur getakteten Trocknung eines bedruckten Bogens auf der Basis von UV- oder IR-Halbleiterlichtquellen beschrieben. Das Verfahren beihet sich jedoch auf das Trocknen von Druckfarbe, die mit Absorbern für die Wellenlängen versehen sind, unter denen die Halbleiterlichtquellen emittieren. Zur Trocknung von wasserbasierten Lacken wird in dieser Schrift ein separater konventioneller Heißluft-Trocknerturm vorgeschlagen.In the EP 2 067 620 A method for clocked drying of a printed sheet based on UV or IR semiconductor light sources is described. However, the method is related to the drying of ink provided with absorbers for the wavelengths at which the semiconductor light sources emit. For drying water-based paints, a separate conventional hot-air drying tower is proposed in this document.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung einen Kombinationstrockner für die Trocknung von vorzugsweise Dispersionslacken vorzuschlagen, bei dem die eingesetzte Energie möglichst effektiv verwertet wird bzw. der einen besonders guten Gesamtwirkungsgrad besitzt. Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß den im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen dadurch gelöst, dass der bzw. die Kombinationstrockner eine Vielzahl von runden oder mehreckigen Luftdüsen enthält bzw. enthalten, zwischen denen schmalbandige Hochleistungsinfrarotlichtquellen angeordnet sind, von denen der lackierte Bogen mit einer Strahlungsdichte von insgesamt mindestens 25 kW/m2 beaufschlagbar ist, wobei die Temperatur der durch die Düsen hindurchtretenden erwärmten Luft unterhalb von 100°C, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 80°C, liegt.It is the object of the present invention to propose a combination dryer for the drying of preferably dispersion coatings, in which the energy used is utilized as effectively as possible or which has a particularly good overall efficiency. This object is achieved according to the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, characterized in that the combination dryer contains or contain a plurality of round or polygonal air nozzles, between which narrow-band high-performance infrared light sources are arranged, of which the painted sheet with a total radiation density at least 25 kW / m 2 can be acted upon, wherein the temperature of the passing through the heated air is below 100 ° C, preferably below 80 ° C.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass am zweckmäßigsten die in die Dispersionslackschicht einzutragende Energie zur Verdunstung des Wassers nahezu vollständig durch auf das Absorptionsspektrum des Lacks abgestimmte Infrarotstrahlung erfolgt und die gleichzeitig auf den Bogen gerichtete Blasluft lediglich dazu dient, den von der Infrarotstrahlung aus der Lackschicht freigesetzten Wasserdampf zu entfernen bzw. fortzublasen, wofür Luft mit relativ niedriger Temperatur ausreichend ist. Mit diesen Maßnahmen lässt sich der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient α gegenüber den eingangs genannten bekannten Kombinationstrocknern um einen Faktor von mindestens 2 bis zu einem Faktor von 5 steigern d. h. es lassen sich Werte von α > 250 W/m2 K erzielen. Aufgrund des hohen Luftaustausches und der starken Überströmung der Oberfläche des lackierten Bogens kommt es zu keiner Anreicherung von Wasserdampf oder gar einer Kondensation von Wasserdampf (Nebelbildung), was anderenfalls das eingestrahlte Infrarotlicht absorbieren könnte, bevor es die Bogenoberfläche erreicht.The present invention is based on the recognition that most expediently, the energy to be introduced into the dispersion lacquer layer for evaporation of the water almost Completely by matched to the absorption spectrum of the paint infrared radiation and simultaneously directed to the arc blowing air only serves to remove or propagate the released from the infrared radiation from the paint layer water vapor, for which air is relatively low temperature sufficient. With these measures, the heat transfer coefficient α can be increased by a factor of at least 2 up to a factor of 5 compared to the known combination driers mentioned at the outset, ie values of α> 250 W / m 2 K can be achieved. Due to the high air exchange and the strong overflow of the surface of the painted sheet there is no accumulation of water vapor or even a condensation of water vapor (misting), which otherwise could absorb the incident infrared light before it reaches the sheet surface.

Die zu diesem Zweck eingesetzte Warmluft liegt vorzugsweise in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 40° und 80°C. Dieser ist ausreichend dafür, dass die Luft den aus dem Bogen austretenden Wasserdampf aufnehmen kann.The hot air used for this purpose is preferably in a temperature range between 40 ° and 80 ° C. This is sufficient for the air to absorb the water vapor escaping from the bow.

Die Wellenlänge der Infrarotlichtquellen ist zweckmäßig auf die Absorptionsbanden des Dispersionslackes d. h. auf die Absorptionsbanden von Wasser bei 1,93, 2,7, 4,7 und/oder 6,3 µm abgestimmt.The wavelength of the infrared light sources is expedient to the absorption bands of the dispersion varnish d. H. tuned to the absorption bands of water at 1.93, 2.7, 4.7 and / or 6.3 microns.

Vorteilhafterweise sitzt der Kombinationstrockner über einem Zylinder des Lackwerks d. h. dem Gegendruckzylinder des Lackwerks oder einem nachfolgenden Zylinder, über den der Bogen in Richtung auf die Auslage transportiert wird. Zur Luftversorgung werden zweckmäßigerweise Hochleistungsgebläse, wie z. B. Seitenkanalverdichter oder Turbo-Peripheralgebläse oder Hochdruck-Radialventilatoren, eingesetzt. Solche Gebläse werden z. B. von der Firma Gardner Denver Schopfheim GmbH in Schopfheim, BR Deutschland, oder von der Fa. Dietz Motoren GmbH + Co. KG in Dettingen u. Teck, BR Deutschland. Sie erzeugen einen statischen Druck oberhalb von 8.000 Pa und liefern Luftmengen von 1.000 bis 2.000 m3/h, wobei die Luftmenge durch den Einsatz mehrerer Gebläse entsprechend erhöht werden kann. Benötigt werden mindestens ca. 3.000 m3 Luft/m2 Bogenfläche pro Stunde, zweckmäßig sind Werte im Bereich von 5.000 bis 15.000 m3 Luft/m2 Bogenfläche pro Stunde. Hierbei ist mit "Bogenfläche" die Fläche gemeint, mit der sich der Bogen in der Trocknerzone befindet, d. h. bei einer Formatbreite von 1,05 cm und einer Länge der Trocknerzone von 0,27 cm ist die der Strahlung und der Blasluft ausgesetzte Bogenfläche 1,05 x 0,27 m2 = 0,28 m2.Advantageously, the combination dryer sits over a cylinder of the coating unit, ie, the impression cylinder of the coating unit or a subsequent cylinder over which the sheet is transported in the direction of the delivery. For air supply expediently high performance blower, such. B. side channel blower or turbo peripheral blower or high-pressure centrifugal fans used. Such blowers are z. B. from the company Gardner Denver Schopfheim GmbH Schopfheim, BR Germany, or from the Fa. Dietz Motoren GmbH + Co. KG in Dettingen u. Teck, BR Germany. They produce a static pressure above 8,000 Pa and deliver air volumes of 1,000 to 2,000 m 3 / h, whereby the amount of air can be correspondingly increased by using several blowers. Required are at least about 3,000 m 3 air / m 2 arc area per hour, useful are values in the range of 5,000 to 15,000 m 3 air / m 2 arc area per hour. This is meant by "arc surface" the area, with when the sheet is in the dryer zone, ie at a die width of 1.05 cm and a dryer zone length of 0.27 cm, the area of the sheet exposed to radiation and blast air is 1.05 x 0.27 m 2 = 0.28 m 2 .

Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass es zweckmäßig ist, das Verhältnis der im Trockner auf den Bogen einwirkenden Infrarotlichtleistung bezogen auf den Luftdurchsatz in einem bestimmten Bereich zu halten. Unter Berücksichtigung sinnvoller Werte für die Blaslufttemperatur, Geometrie und Abstand des Düsenfeldes zum Bogen und der Ausblasgeschwindigkeit liegt das genannte Verhältnis zwischen 2 und 20 Wattstunden pro m3 Luft, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 und 12,5 Wattstunden/m3 Luft.It has been found that it is expedient to keep the ratio of the infrared light power acting on the sheet in the dryer relative to the air throughput within a certain range. Taking into account reasonable values for the blown air temperature, geometry and distance of the nozzle field to the arc and the blow-off speed, said ratio is between 2 and 20 watt-hours per m 3 of air, preferably between 2.5 and 12.5 watt-hours / m 3 of air.

Unterhalb der unteren Grenzwerte wird es schwierig, einen ausreichenden Trocknungsgrad zu erreichen und oberhalb des oberen Grenzwertes wird es schwierig, die Bogentemperatur ausreichend niedrig zu halten und die ausgetriebene Feuchtigkeit aufzunehmen und abzutransportieren.Below the lower limits, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient degree of dryness, and above the upper limit, it becomes difficult to keep the sheet temperature sufficiently low and to take up and carry away the expelled moisture.

Die auf die Absorptionsbanden von Wasser emittierenden Infrarotlichtquellen können IR-/Dioden-Laser oder Diodenlaserarrays sein, wobei sowohl kantenemittierende Hochleistungsdiodenlaser als auch oberflächenemittierende Diodenlaser oder -laserarrays, beispielsweise Hochleistungs-VCSEL-Laserarrays, Verwendung finden können. Daneben ist es auch möglich, fasergekoppelte Diodenlaser einzusetzen.The infrared light sources emitting on the absorption bands of water may be IR / diode lasers or diode laser arrays using both edge emitting high power diode lasers and surface emitting diode lasers or laser arrays, for example high power VCSEL laser arrays. In addition, it is also possible to use fiber-coupled diode lasers.

Aufgrund der geringen Ablufttemperaturen des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners und der hohen Beladung an Wasserdampf, der von den Diodenlaser ausgetrieben wurde, ist es auch relativ einfach, die Abluft unter den Taupunkt abzukühlen und auf diese Weise das Wasser und gegebenenfalls weitere Lösemittel auszukondensieren bzw. auszuwaschen (Ammoniak). Auf diese Weise lässt sich dann ein Kombinationstrockner ohne Emissionen aufbauen.Due to the low exhaust air temperatures of the dryer according to the invention and the high loading of water vapor, which was expelled from the diode laser, it is also relatively easy to cool the exhaust air below the dew point and condense in this way the water and optionally other solvents or wash out (ammonia) , In this way a combination dryer without emissions can be built up.

Wenn die Infrarotstrahler zweckmäßig Halbleiterlichtquellen sind, lassen sie sich mit einer entsprechenden Steuerung formatabhängig und auch im Takte der Bogenzuführung an- und abschalten, so dass die Lichtquellen während einer Bogenlücke ausgeschaltet werden, was die Effizienz des Trockners allein schon um einen Faktor 2 verbessern kann. Zudem lässt sich mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ein Trockner mit bedeutend kürzerer Baulänge realisieren im Vergleich zu Kombinationstrocknern der eingangs genannten Art.If the infrared emitters are useful semiconductor light sources, they can be format-dependent with an appropriate control and also in the clock of the sheet feed on and off, so that the light sources are turned off during a gap arc, what the efficiency of the dryer alone can improve by a factor of 2 In addition, can be realized with the inventive measures a dryer with significantly shorter length compared to combination dryers of the type mentioned.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Figuren 1 bis 7 der beigefügten Zeichnungen.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of embodiments with reference to FIG FIGS. 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Offsetdruckmaschine 1 in Reihenbauweise mit einem Anleger 2, in dem sich der unbedruckte Papierstapel 3 befindet, sechs Druckwerken 8a bis 8f für die vier Grundfarben und gegebenenfalls zwei weiteren Sonderfarben, einem ersten Lackierwerk 9a, darauf folgend zwei Trocknereinheiten 10a und 10b, einer zweiten Lackiereinheit 9b sowie einem Ausleger 5 mit dem Bogenauslagestapel 6. Im Bereich der Kettenführungen des Auslegers 5 sind vier weitere Trocknereinheiten 11a bis 11d in Bogentransportrichtung hintereinander angeordnet. FIG. 1 shows an offset printing machine 1 in a row construction with a feeder 2, in which the unprinted paper stack 3 is six printing units 8a to 8f for the four primary colors and optionally two other spot colors, a first coating unit 9a, following two dryer units 10a and 10b, a second Painting unit 9b and a boom 5 with the sheet delivery stack 6. In the area of the chain guides of the boom 5 four further dryer units 11a to 11d are arranged in the sheet transport direction one behind the other.

Eine derartige Druckmaschine wird beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung Speedmaster XL105-6-LYYLX3 von der Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG angeboten.Such a printing press is offered, for example, under the name Speedmaster XL105-6-LYYLX3 by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.

Die vier Trocknereinheiten 11a bis 11d sind nach Art von Einschubmodulen ausgebildet sein, wie das in der DE 101 18 757 A1 beschrieben ist. Bei diesen Trocknereinschüben handelt es sich um sogenannte Kombitrockner, die sowohl mit Heißluft als auch mit Strahlungsenergie, z. B. IR-Strahlung, auf den zu trocknenden Bogen einwirken.The four dryer units 11a to 11d are designed in the manner of plug-in modules, as in the DE 101 18 757 A1 is described. These dryer trays are so-called combination dryer, both with hot air and radiation energy, z. B. IR radiation, act on the sheet to be dried.

In Figur 2 ist der hintere Teil der Maschine nach Figur 1 nun aber mit einer modifizierten Trockenstrecke mit Kombinationstrocknern gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dargestellt. Auf das hier mit 109b bezeichnete Lackwerk bzw. dessen Druckzylinder 119b folgen zwei Transportzylinder 120 und 121, wobei der Zylinder 120 als Transferter in bekannter Weise so ausgebildet ist, dass die dort innen liegende lackierte Bogenoberfläche nicht mit der Zylinderoberfläche in Berührung kommt, sondern über Luftpolster auf Abstand gehalten wird. Auf der Oberfläche des Transportzylinders 121 hingegen liegt der Bogen mit seiner schon getrockneten Rückseite auf. Die Zylinder 120 und 121 befördern den Bogen zu einem umlaufenden Kettengreifersystem 105, von dem der lackierte Bogen in bekannter Weise über den Stapel 106 befördert und dort abgelegt wird. Mit 126 ist ein Bogenleitblech bezeichnet, über das der Bogen von den Kettengreifern ebenfalls mittels Luftpolstern berührungslos hinweggezogen wird.In FIG. 2 is the rear part of the machine after FIG. 1 but now shown with a modified drying line with combination dryers according to the present invention. The coating unit or printing cylinder 119b denoted here by 109b is followed by two transport cylinders 120 and 121, wherein the cylinder 120 is designed as a transferer in a known manner so that the lacquered sheet surface located there does not come into contact with the cylinder surface but via air cushions kept at a distance. On the other hand, on the surface of the transport cylinder 121, the sheet lies with its already dried back side. The cylinders 120 and 121 convey the sheet to a circulating chain gripper system 105, of which the painted sheet in known Way conveyed over the stack 106 and stored there. With 126 a sheet baffle is designated, over which the sheet is pulled away from the chain grippers also by means of air cushions without contact.

Bereits am Druckzylinder 119b ist ein Kombinationstrockner 111a mit einer an den Zylinderradius angepassten gekrümmten Düsenplatte in einem Abstand von ca. 1 cm bis ca. 4 cm (siehe nachfolgende nummerische Ausführungsbeispiele 1 und 2) angeordnet. Der Aufbau dieses Trockners wird in den nachfolgenden Figuren noch beschrieben. Ein zweiter Kombinationstrockner 111b ist dem zweiten Transportzylinder 121 zugeordnet und dort im gleichen Abstand zur Zylinderoberfläche montiert.Already at the pressure cylinder 119b, a combination dryer 111a with a curved nozzle plate adapted to the cylinder radius is arranged at a distance of about 1 cm to about 4 cm (see following numerical embodiments 1 and 2). The structure of this dryer will be described in the following figures. A second combination dryer 111b is associated with the second transport cylinder 121 and mounted there at the same distance from the cylinder surface.

In dem zweiten, alternativen Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 ist statt des Kombinationstrockners 111a am Druckzylinder 119b des Lackwerks 109b ein zweiter Kombinationstrockner 111c oberhalb des Bogenleitblechs 126 montiert. Dieser Kombinationstrockner besitzt eine rechteckige, ebene Form. Ansonsten sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden nicht nochmals erläutert.In the second, alternative embodiment according to FIG. 3 instead of the combination dryer 111a, a second combination dryer 111c is mounted above the sheet guide plate 126 on the printing cylinder 119b of the coating unit 109b. This combination dryer has a rectangular, flat shape. Otherwise, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and will not be explained again.

In der Figur 4 ist der Kombinationstrockner 111b detaillierter im Schnitt senkrecht zur Zylinderachse des Transportzylinders 121 dargestellt. Er besitzt eine konkave, an die Krümmung bzw. den Radius der Zylinderoberfläche angepasste Form.In the FIG. 4 the combination dryer 111b is shown in more detail in section perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the transport cylinder 121. He has a concave, adapted to the curvature or the radius of the cylinder surface shape.

Wie aus der Aufsicht in dem Ausschnitt nach Figur 5 bei abgenommener Platte 131 hervorgeht, weist er mehrere zueinander versetzte Reihen von Düsen 134, durch die die Luft hindurchtreten kann. Versetzt zu den Düsen 134 sind in einer Anordnung nach Art eines Schachbretts mehrere Hochleistungsdiodenlaser 135 in die Lücken zwischen den Düsen eingesetzt. Die Diodenlaser 135 sind als sogenannte "vertikal gestapelte Laserbarren" (vertical stacks) ausgeführt, d. h. es sind bis zu 30, typisch 6, 12 oder 20, Einzelbarren zusammengefasst auf einem Kühlkörper montiert. Figur 7 zeigt einen solchen aus 12 Barren zusammengesetzten Stapel. Der Kühlkörper ist dort mit 113 bezeichnet und die Zone, aus der die Infrarotstrahlung austritt, mit 115. Solche Diodenlaser sind an sich bekannt und werden beispielsweise von der Fa. Dilas in Mainz, DE angeboten.As from the supervision in the clipping after FIG. 5 shown with removed plate 131, it has a plurality of staggered rows of nozzles 134 through which the air can pass. Offset from the nozzles 134, in a chess board arrangement, a plurality of high power diode lasers 135 are inserted into the gaps between the nozzles. The diode lasers 135 are designed as so-called "vertically stacked laser bars" (vertical stacks), ie, up to 30, typically 6, 12 or 20, individual bars are mounted on a heat sink. FIG. 7 shows such composed of 12 bars stack. The heat sink is denoted there by 113 and the zone from which the infrared radiation emerges, with 115. Such diode lasers are known per se and are offered, for example, by the company. Dilas in Mainz, DE.

Die Kühlkörper 113 der Diodenlaser 135 wiederum sind an Stegen 137 befestigt (Figur 4), die sich zwischen der Düsenplatte 131 und der Rückwand 132 des Trockners 111b erstrecken. Die Stege 137 sind ebenso wie die Rückwand 132 aus Aluminium und gut thermisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Sie bilden mit dieser zusammen einen Kühlkörper für die Diodenlaserbarren 135. In der Rückwand 132 sind in der Figur 4 die Kühlmittelkanäle mit 124 bezeichnet, durch die zur Abführung der von den Diodenlasern 135 produzierten Verlustwärme ein Kühlmittel fließt.The heat sinks 113 of the diode laser 135 in turn are attached to webs 137 ( FIG. 4 ) extending between the nozzle plate 131 and the rear wall 132 of the dryer 111b. The webs 137, like the rear wall 132, are made of aluminum and have good thermal conductivity. Together with this, they form a heat sink for the diode laser bars 135. In the rear wall 132 are in the FIG. 4 the coolant channels denoted by 124, through which a coolant flows to dissipate the heat loss produced by the diode lasers 135.

Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Temperatur der am Kühlkörper montierten Diodenlaserbarren 135 im Temperaturbereich zwischen 20 und 25°C halten, bei dem die Strahlungsemission optimiert ist.In this way, the temperature of the mounted on the heat sink diode laser bar 135 in the temperature range between 20 and 25 ° C hold, in which the radiation emission is optimized.

Für die Zuleitung der Blasluft, die dafür sorgt, dass der aus der Lackschicht des bestrahlten Bogens B austretende Wasserdampf weggeblasen wird und nicht zu einer vorzeitigen Absorption der Infrarotstrahlung über der Bogenoberfläche führt, sind in die Düsenbohrungen der Platte 131 Kunststoffröhrchen 127 gesteckt. Diese Kunststoffröhrchen 127 sind über ein Verteilsystem 128 miteinander verbunden und werden von hier nicht dargestellten Kompressoren, wie beispielsweise den eingangs erwähnten Seitenkanalverdichtern, bei einem Druck von 8000 Pa mit Blasluft versorgt. Die Temperatur dieser Blasluft beträgt etwa 50°C. Damit ist sie ausreichend warm, um den zwischen dem Trockner und dem bestrahlten Bogen entstehenden Wasserdampf aufnehmen und abführen zu können, andererseits wiederum nicht zu heiß, was anderenfalls nur zu einer überflüssigen Verschwendung von Wärmeenergie führen würde. Die moderate Temperatur der Blasluft stellt außerdem sicher, dass sich im Bereich des Trockners 111b selbst kein Kondenswasser bildet.For the supply of the blowing air, which ensures that the steam exiting from the lacquer layer of the irradiated sheet B is blown away and does not lead to premature absorption of the infrared radiation above the sheet surface, plastic tubes 127 are inserted into the nozzle bores of the plate 131. These plastic tubes 127 are connected to one another via a distribution system 128 and are supplied with blowing air from compressors, not shown here, such as the side channel compressors mentioned above, at a pressure of 8000 Pa. The temperature of this blowing air is about 50 ° C. Thus, it is sufficiently warm to absorb and dissipate the resulting between the dryer and the irradiated sheet water vapor, on the other hand again not too hot, which would otherwise only lead to an unnecessary waste of heat energy. The moderate temperature of the blown air also ensures that no condensation forms in the area of the dryer 111b itself.

Aufgewärmt wird die Blasluft mit Hilfe einer hier nicht dargestellten Wasser-Luftwärmepumpe, die an den Kühlmittelkreislauf 124 angeschlossen ist und somit die Abwärme der Diodenlaser von etwa 25°C auf ein höheres Temperaturniveau von 50 bis 60°C transformiert und an einen hier nicht dargestellten Wärmetauscher abgibt, durch den die Zuluft strömt. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass sich die Luft bereits durch die adiabatische Kompression in den Seitenkanalverdichtern um ca. 7° erwärmt und sich die Abwärme der Verdichter/Gebläse ebenfalls für die Aufwärmung der Blasluft nutzen lässt. Eine zusätzliche elektrische Heizeinrichtung zur Aufwärmung der Blasluft, wie sie in konventionellen Trocknern üblich ist, kann deshalb entfallen.The blown air is heated by means of a water-air heat pump, not shown here, which is connected to the coolant circuit 124 and thus transforms the waste heat of the diode laser from about 25 ° C to a higher temperature level of 50 to 60 ° C and to a heat exchanger, not shown here emits through which the supply air flows. It should be noted that the air is already heated by the adiabatic compression in the side channel compressors by about 7 ° and the Waste heat of the compressor / blower can also be used for heating the blown air. An additional electric heater for heating the blowing air, as is common in conventional dryers, can therefore be omitted.

Da die Blasluft mittels der aus einem Kunststoffmaterial geringer Wärmeleitung bestehenden Röhren 127 durch die Rückwand 132 und die Platte 131 geführt ist, bleibt die warme Blasluft thermisch von den Diodenlasern 135 isoliert, um ihren Wirkungsgrad nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Vor den Diodenlasern 135 sind weiterhin Strahlungsfenster 139 aus einem für die Wellenlänge der Diodenlaser transparenten Kunststoff eingelassen, von denen die Platte 131 bzw. der dahinter liegende Innenraum glatt abgeschlossen wird, um das Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit und Schmutz zu verhindern. Auf diese Weise bildet die Platte 131 bzw. der Trockner insgesamt einen Bogenleitkörper mit - abgesehen von den Düsenbohrungen - glatter Oberfläche, wobei der aus den Enden der Kunststoffröhren 127 austretende Luftstrom den zu trocknenden Bogen auf den Gegendruck- bzw. Transportzylinder 119b/121 drückt.Since the blown air is guided through the rear wall 132 and the plate 131 by means of the pipes 127 made of a plastic material of low heat conduction, the warm blowing air remains thermally isolated from the diode lasers 135 in order not to impair their efficiency. In front of the diode lasers 135, further radiation windows 139 are embedded in a plastic which is transparent to the wavelength of the diode laser, of which the plate 131 or the interior behind it is finished smoothly in order to prevent the penetration of moisture and dirt. In this way, the plate 131 or the dryer as a whole forms a sheet guiding body with the exception of the nozzle holes smooth surface, wherein the emerging from the ends of the plastic tubes 127 air flow presses the sheet to be dried on the counter-pressure or transport cylinder 119 b / 121.

Bei gegebenem Divergenzwinkel, unter dem die Diodenlaser 135 abstrahlen, sind die Anzahl der Diodenlaser 135 und der Abstand der Düsenbohrungen 134 von der Oberfläche des Zylinders 121 bzw. dem darauf liegenden Bogen B so gewählt, dass der unter dem Trockner vorbeigeförderte Bogen vollflächig intensiv mit Infrarotstrahlung beaufschlagt wird, während gleichzeitig die aus den Kunststoffröhren 137 austretende turbulente Luftströmung den aus der Lackschicht des Bogens B austretenden Wasserdampf wegbläst. Die dampfgesättigte Abluft besitzt eine Temperatur von ca. 60 bis 70°C und wird an beiden Seiten des Trockners sowie quer zur Bogentransportrichtung über Absaugkanäle 136a und 136b gesammelt, wo sie über nicht dargestellte Abluftkanäle entweder ins Freie geblasen wird oder, in einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung der Wasserdampf und eventuell darin enthaltene Lösungsmittelanteile, auskondensiert wird, um die Abluft wieder verwenden zu können.At a given divergence angle at which the diode lasers 135 radiate, the number of diode lasers 135 and the distance of the nozzle bores 134 from the surface of the cylinder 121 and the sheet B thereon are selected so that the sheet passed under the dryer is fully intense with infrared radiation is acted upon, while at the same time the turbulent air flow emerging from the plastic tubes 137 blows away from the paint layer of the sheet B exiting water vapor. The vapor-saturated exhaust air has a temperature of about 60 to 70 ° C and is collected on both sides of the dryer as well as transversely to the sheet transport direction via suction ducts 136a and 136b, where it is blown through not shown exhaust ducts either into the open or, in a further development of the invention the water vapor and any solvent contained therein, is condensed out in order to use the exhaust air again.

Hochleistungsinfrarotdiodenlaser, die auf der Absorptionslinie von Wasser bei 1,93 µm emittieren, sind bereits bekannt. Sie werden beispielsweise von der oben genannten Fa. Dilas hergestellt und sind beschrieben in dem Artikel "Highpower diode laser modules from 410 - 2200 nm" (Autoren Bernd Köhler et al.) der Dilas GmbH. Die Einzelbarren besitzen eine Ausgangsleistung von 15 W, so dass sich beim Einsatz von ca. 50 Stapeln zu je 12 Barren eine Infrarotleistung von 9 kW auf der Absorptionslinie von Wasser erzielen lässt.High power infrared diode lasers emitting on the absorption line of water at 1.93 μm are already known. They are manufactured, for example, by the above-mentioned company Dilas and are described in the article "High-power diode laser modules from 410 - 2200 nm "(authors Bernd Köhler et al.) of Dilas GmbH The single bars have an output power of 15 W, so that when using about 50 stacks of 12 bars each, an infrared power of 9 kW on the absorption line of Water can be achieved.

Die elektrischen Anschlüsse der Hochleistungsdiodenlaser 135 sind auf eine Anschlussbuchse gelegt, die über entsprechende Kabel mit einem Netzteil der Trocknersteuerung im Versorgungsschrank für den Trockner an der Druckmaschine verbunden sind. Die Trocknersteuerung stellt den Ausgangsstrom bzw. die Ausgangsspannung für die Diodenlaser 135 synchronisiert auf den Maschinenwinkel zur Verfügung. Dazu ist die Trocknersteuerung wiederum mit der Steuerung der Druckmaschine verbunden und erhält von dieser neben der Information über den momentanen Maschinenwinkel in Echtzeit weitere führende Befehle geliefert. Entsprechend werden die Diodenlaser 135 nur dann mit Spannung versorgt, wenn sich der lackierte Bogen im Divergenzkegel der Diodenlaser unter jenen hindurchbewegt. Dazu sind die Diodenlaser gruppenweise zusammengefasst schaltbar, d. h. die Diodenlaser in den Reihen, in denen der Bogen "später vorbeikommt", werden entsprechend auch später eingeschaltet. Zudem lassen sich äußere Gruppen der Diodenlaser getrennt von den übrigen an- und abschalten. Diese äußeren Diodenlaser werden abgeschaltet, wenn Papier mit kleinerem als das Maximalformat verdruckt wird.The electrical connections of the high-power diode laser 135 are placed on a socket, which are connected via appropriate cable to a power supply of the dryer control in the supply cabinet for the dryer on the press. The dryer controller provides the output current or output voltage for the diode laser 135 synchronized to the machine angle. For this purpose, the dryer control is in turn connected to the control of the printing press and receives from this in addition to the information about the current machine angle in real time more leading commands delivered. Accordingly, the diode lasers 135 are only supplied with voltage when the lacquered sheet in the diverging cone of the diode laser moves under them. For this purpose, the diode lasers are summarized in groups summarized, d. H. the diode lasers in the rows in which the arc "comes later" will be turned on accordingly later. In addition, outer groups of the diode lasers can be switched on and off separately from the others. These outer diode lasers are turned off when printing paper smaller than the maximum size.

Nachstehend werden zwei konkret dimensionierte Ausführungsbeispiele für den erfindungsgemäßen Trockner in einer Druckmaschine mit dem Bogenformat 74 x 105 cm angegeben:Two concrete dimensioned embodiments of the dryer according to the invention in a printing machine with the sheet size 74 x 105 cm are given below:

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Düsenfeldnozzle array 95 Düsen in 5 Reihen zu je 19 Düsen95 nozzles in 5 rows of 19 nozzles each Durchmesser der DüsenDiameter of the nozzles 8 mm8 mm Düsenquerschnitt einer EinzeldüseNozzle cross-section of a single nozzle 50 mm2 50 mm 2 DüsengesamtquerschnittNozzles total cross section 4750 m2 4750 m 2 Abstand der Düsen/DüsenreihenDistance between the nozzles / nozzle rows 5,6/5 cm5,6 / 5 cm Blaslufttemperaturblowing temperature 50°C50 ° C Ausblasgeschwindigkeitblowoff 175 m/s175 m / s Luftvolumenstrom V_pktAir flow V_pkt 3000 m3/h3000 m 3 / h Abstand Düsenöffnung - PapierbogenDistance nozzle opening - paper sheet 4 cm4 cm Infrarotstrahlungsleistung bei λ = 1,93 µmInfrared radiation power at λ = 1.93 μm 9 kW9 kW Breite der TrocknerzoneWidth of the dryer zone 105 cm105 cm Länge der TrocknerzoneLength of the dryer zone 27 cm27 cm Strahlungsdichteirradiance 35 kW/m2 35 kW / m 2 V_pkt/AV_pkt / A 10600 m3 [Luft]/(m2 h)10600 m 3 [air] / (m 2 h) Wärmeübergangskoeffizient αHeat transfer coefficient α 500 W/(m2 K)500 W / (m 2 K) Verhältnis Strahlungsdichte / V_pkt/ARatio of radiation density / V_pkt / A 3,3 Wh/m3 3.3 Wh / m 3

Mit diesem Trockner ließen sich wässrig lackierte Papierbögen einer Grammatur von 135 g/m2 mit einem Lackauftrag von 4 g/m2 bei der Druckgeschwindigkeit von 4,9 m/s über die Trocknerstrecke bis zu einem Trocknungsgrad von 55 % vortrocknen. Mit einem Trockner gleichen Aufbaus auf dem übernächsten Bogentransportzylinder erreichte dann der durchlaufende Bogen einen Trocknungsgrad von 98 %.With this dryer, aqueous paper sheets of a grammage of 135 g / m 2 with a coating application of 4 g / m 2 at the printing speed of 4.9 m / s could be predried over the dryer section to a degree of drying of 55%. With a dryer of the same construction on the next but one sheet transport cylinder then the continuous sheet reached a degree of drying of 98%.

Eine Erhöhung der Blaslufttemperatur von 50°C auf 70°C ließ den Trocknungsgrad auf 60 % ansteigen, so dass auch in diesem Falle zur vollständigen Trocknung ein zweiter Trockner eingesetzt wurde. Die Bogentemperatur nach Durchlaufen beider Trockner betrug im ersten Falle 38°C, im zweiten Falle 43°C. Besondere Maßnahmen zur Kühlung des Bogens nach dem Trocknen waren deshalb nicht erforderlich.An increase in the blown air temperature from 50 ° C to 70 ° C caused the degree of dryness to increase to 60%, so that in this case too, a second dryer was used for complete drying. The sheet temperature after passing through both dryers was 38 ° C. in the first case and 43 ° C. in the second case. Special measures for cooling the sheet after drying were therefore not required.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Düsenfeldnozzle array 1672 Düsen in 22 Reihen zu je 76 Düsen1672 nozzles in 22 rows of 76 nozzles each Durchmesser der DüsenDiameter of the nozzles 2 mm2 mm Düsenquerschnitt einer EinzeldüseNozzle cross-section of a single nozzle 3,14 mm2 3.14 mm 2 DüsengesamtquerschnittNozzles total cross section 5250 mm2 5250 mm 2 Abstand der Düsen/DüsenreihenDistance between the nozzles / nozzle rows 14 mm14 mm Blaslufttemperaturblowing temperature 50°C50 ° C Ausblasgeschwindigkeitblowoff 120 m/s120 m / s Luftvolumenstrom V_pktAir flow V_pkt 2270 m3/h2270 m 3 / h Abstand Düsenöffnung - PapierbogenDistance nozzle opening - paper sheet 1 cm1 cm Infrarotstrahlungsleistung bei λ = 1,93 µmInfrared radiation power at λ = 1.93 μm 20 kW20 kW Breite der TrocknerzoneWidth of the dryer zone 105 cm105 cm Länge der TrocknerzoneLength of the dryer zone 30 cm30 cm Strahlungsdichteirradiance 67 kW/m2 67 kW / m 2 V_pkt/AV_pkt / A 7570 m3 [Luft]/(m2 h)7570 m 3 [air] / (m 2 h) Wärmeübergangskoeffizient αHeat transfer coefficient α 620 W/m2 K620 W / m 2 K Verhältnis Strahlungsdichte / V_pkt/ARatio of radiation density / V_pkt / A 8,8 Wh/m3 8.8 Wh / m 3

Mit diesem Trockner konnte bei einmaligem Durchlauf durch den Trockner ein Trocknungsgrad von 95 % erreicht werden, wobei die Bogentemperatur nach dem Durchlauf des Trockners 42°C betrug. Ein weiterer Trockner war in diesem Falle nicht erforderlich.With this dryer it was possible to achieve a degree of drying of 95% with a single pass through the dryer, the sheet temperature after passing through the dryer being 42 ° C. Another dryer was not required in this case.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind weitere Ausgestaltungen möglich. So ist z. B. der Trockner 111c ganz ähnlich wie der Trockner 111b aufgebaut, mit dem Unterschied, dass er nicht konkav geformt ist, sondern eben ist.In the context of the invention, further embodiments are possible. So z. B. the dryer 111c very similar to the dryer 111b constructed, with the difference that it is not concave-shaped, but is flat.

Natürlich können auch die nach dem ersten Lackwerk 9a angeordneten Trocknertürme 10a und 10b der in Figur 1 dargestellten Druckmaschine mit den erfindungsgemäßen Trocknern 111a bzw. 111b ausgerüstet werden, indem z. B. der Trockner dort oberhalb des Bogentransportzylinders 20a angeordnet wird. Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung des Trockners z. B. nach Beispiel 2 kann dann der Trocknerturm 10b ganz entfallen.Of course, the drying towers 10a and 10b arranged after the first coating unit 9a can also be used in FIG. 1 shown printing press with the dryers 111a and 111b according to the invention are equipped by z. B. the dryer is arranged there above the sheet transport cylinder 20a. With suitable dimensioning of the dryer z. B. according to Example 2, then the drying tower 10b completely eliminated.

Des Weiteren können statt der versetzt abwechselnd zwischen den Düsen angeordneten Diodenlaserbarren Diodenlaserarrays verwendet werden, die über die gesamte Bogenbreite direkt aneinander anschließen und sich mit entsprechenden Düsenreihen in Bogenlaufrichtung abwechseln, wie das in Figur 6 skizziert ist.Furthermore, instead of the diode laser bars alternately arranged alternately between the nozzles, diode laser arrays can be used which directly adjoin one another over the entire sheet width and alternate with corresponding rows of nozzles in the sheet running direction, as in FIG FIG. 6 outlined.

Schließlich kann die Infrarotlichtleistung auch über Lichtleitfasern zum Trockner geführt werden, wo ihre Enden dann in der Platte 131 fixiert sind. In dem Falle lassen sich die HochleistungsDiodenlaser im Trockner-Versorgungsschrank der Druckmaschine anordnen.Finally, the infrared light output can also be guided via optical fibers to the dryer, where their ends are then fixed in the plate 131. In this case, the high-power diode lasers can be arranged in the dryer supply cabinet of the printing press.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
OffsetdruckmaschineOffset
22
Anlegerinvestor
33
Stapelstack
55
Auslegerboom
66
BogenauslagestapelSheet delivery stack
8a-f8a-f
Druckwerkprinting unit
9a, b9a, b
LackierwerkPainting works
10a, b10a, b
Trocknereinheitdryer unit
11a-d11a-d
Trocknereinheitdryer unit
20a, b20a, b
Transportzylindertransport cylinder
105105
KettengreifersystemChain gripper system
106106
Stapelstack
109b109b
Lackwerkcoating unit
111a, b111a, b
Kombinationstrocknercombination dryer
113113
Kühlkörperheatsink
119b119b
Druckzylinderpressure cylinder
120120
Transportzylindertransport cylinder
121121
Transportzylindertransport cylinder
124124
KühlmittelkanäleCoolant channels
126126
Bogenleitblechsheet guide plate
127127
KunststoffröhrchenPlastic tubes
128128
Luftverteilerair distributor
131131
Platteplate
132132
Rückwandrear wall
134134
Luftdüsenair nozzles
135135
(Hochleistungs-)Diodenlaser(High Performance) diode laser
136a-b136a-b
Absaugkanalsuction
137137
StegeStege
139139
Strahlungsfensterradiation window
BB
Bogenbow

Claims (12)

Bogen verarbeitende Maschine, insbesondere Bogendruckmaschine, mit einem Lackierwerk und einem oder mehreren Kombinationstrocknern, die den frisch lackierten Bogen sowohl mit Strahlungsenergie als auch mit erwärmter Luft beaufschlagen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der bzw. die Kombinationstrockner (111a-c) eine Vielzahl von runden oder mehreckigen Luftdüsen (134) enthält bzw. enthalten, zwischen denen schmalbandige Hochleistungsinfrarotlichtquellen (135) angeordnet sind, von denen der lackierte Bogen mit einer Strahlungsdichte von insgesamt mindestens 25 kW/m2 beaufschlagbar ist, wobei die Temperatur der durch die Düsen hindurchtretenden erwärmten Luft unterhalb von 100°C, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 80°C, liegt.Sheet-processing machine, in particular sheet-fed printing machine, with a coating unit and one or more combination dryers, which act on the freshly painted sheet both with radiant energy and with heated air,
characterized,
in that the combination dryer (s) (111a-c) contains a plurality of round or polygonal air nozzles (134) between which narrow-band high-power infrared light sources (135) are arranged, of which the painted sheet has a total radiation density of at least 25 kW / m 2 is acted upon, wherein the temperature of the heated air passing through the nozzles below 100 ° C, preferably below 80 ° C, is located. Maschine nach Anspruch 1,
wobei die Düsen (134) über einem bogenführenden Zylinder (119b, 121) oder einem Bogenleitblech (126) im Abstand von weniger als 50 Millimetern, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 40 Millimetern, angeordnet ist/sind.Machine according to claim 1,
wherein the nozzles (134) over a sheet-guiding cylinder (119b, 121) or a sheet guide plate (126) at a distance of less than 50 millimeters, preferably between 10 and 40 millimeters, is arranged / are. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2,
wobei die Düsen (134) mit einem oder mehreren Hochdruckgebläsen verbunden sind, die bei einer Bogengeschwindigkeit von 5 m/s eine turbulente Luftströmung von insgesamt mindestens 3.000 m3 Luft/m2 Bogenfläche x h über dem Bogen (B) erzeugen.Machine according to one of claims 1 and 2,
wherein the nozzles (134) are connected to one or more high-pressure blowers which generate a turbulent air flow of at least 3,000 m 3 air / m 2 arc surface xh over the sheet (B) at a sheet speed of 5 m / s. Maschine nach Anspruch 3,
wobei die Menge und/oder Leistung der Hochleistungsinfrarotlichtquellen und die Menge und/oder Leistung der Hochdruckgebläse so eingestellt ist, dass das Verhältnis der Infrarotstrahlungsenergie pro Kubikmeter eingesetzter Blasluft zwischen 2 Wattstunden pro m3 Luft und 20 Wattstunden pro m3 Luft, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 und 12,5 Wh/m3 liegt.Machine according to claim 3,
wherein the quantity and / or power of the high-power infrared light sources and the quantity and / or power of the high-pressure fans are adjusted such that the ratio of the infrared radiation energy per cubic meter of blown air used is between 2 watt hours per m 3 air and 20 watt hours per m 3 air, preferably between 2, 5 and 12.5 Wh / m 3 . Maschine nach Anspruch 1,
wobei die Emissionswellenlängen der Infrarotlichtquellen (135) auf einer oder mehreren Wellenlängen der Absorptionsbanden von Wasser bei 1,93, 2,7, 4,7 und/oder 6,3 µm liegen.Machine according to claim 1,
wherein the emission wavelengths of the infrared light sources (135) at one or more wavelengths of the absorption bands of water are 1.93, 2.7, 4.7 and / or 6.3 μm. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
wobei die Infrarotlichtquellen (135) Halbleiterlichtquellen, vorzugsweise IR-Diodenlaser oder Diodenlaserarrays sind.Machine according to one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the infrared light sources (135) are semiconductor light sources, preferably IR diode lasers or diode laser arrays. Maschine nach Anspruch 6,
wobei die Infrarotlichtquellen (135) mit einer Steuerung verbunden sind, von der die IR-Lichtquellen formatabhängig und/oder im Takte der Bogenförderbewegung ein- und ausschaltbar sind.Machine according to claim 6,
wherein the infrared light sources (135) are connected to a controller, from which the IR light sources can be switched on and off depending on the format and / or in the course of the sheet conveying movement. Maschine nach Anspruch 2,
wobei der bogenführende Zylinder (119b, 121) oder das Bogenleitblech (126) gekühlt sind und die Abwärme aus dem jeweiligen Kühlkreislauf einem in Bogentransportrichtung vor dem bzw. den Trockner(n) angeordneten bogenführenden Zylinder(n) zwecks Vorwärmung der zu trocknenden Bögen zugeführt ist.Machine according to claim 2,
wherein the sheet-guiding cylinder (119b, 121) or the sheet guide plate (126) are cooled and the waste heat from the respective cooling circuit is fed to a sheet transporting cylinder (s) disposed in the sheet transporting direction in front of the drier (s) for preheating the sheets to be dried , Maschine nach Anspruch 6,
wobei die Infrarotlichtquellen (135) auf einem oder mehreren Kühlkörpern (137, 132) montiert sind, der an einen Kühlmittelkreislauf (124) angeschlossen ist und der Kühlmittelkreislauf Teil einer Wärmepumpe ist, die zur Erwärmung der Blasluft dient.Machine according to claim 6,
wherein the infrared light sources (135) are mounted on one or more heat sinks (137, 132) connected to a coolant loop (124) and the coolant loop is part of a heat pump for heating the blown air. Verfahren zur Trocknung von wässrig lackierten Bögen (B) in einer Bogen verarbeitenden Maschine (1) mit einem oder mehreren Kombinationstrocknern (111a-c), wobei die zu trocknenden Bögen mit Infrarotstrahlung aus schmalbandigen Infrarotlichtquellen (135) beaufschlagt werden, deren Wellenlänge(n) bei einer oder mehrerer der Absorptionsbanden von Wasser liegt, die Strahlungsdichte der Infrarotstrahlung mindestens 25 kW/m2 beträgt und die Bögen gleichzeitig mit einer Luftströmung von mindestens
3.000 m3 Luft/m2 Bogenfläche x h beblasen werden, wobei die Temperatur der Blasluft auf weniger als 100°C, vorzugsweise weniger als 80°C, eingestellt ist.Method for drying aqueous-lacquered sheets (B) in a sheet-processing machine (1) with one or more combination dryers (111a-c), the sheets to be dried being exposed to infrared radiation from narrow-band infrared light sources (135) whose wavelength (s) is at one or more of the absorption bands of water, the radiation density of the infrared radiation is at least 25 kW / m 2 and the arcs simultaneously with an air flow of at least
3,000 m 3 air / m 2 arc surface xh be blown, wherein the temperature of the blowing air to less than 100 ° C, preferably less than 80 ° C, is set. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
wobei die Temperatur der Blasluft zwischen 40°C und 60°C liegt und die Anordnung und Anzahl der Blasluftdüsen so getroffen ist, dass der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient α des Trocknungsvorgangs größer als 250 W/m2 K ist.Method according to claim 10,
wherein the temperature of the blast air is between 40 ° C and 60 ° C and the arrangement and number of Blasluftdüsen is such that the heat transfer coefficient α of the drying process is greater than 250 W / m 2 K. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 11,
wobei das Verhältnis der eingesetzten Infrarot-Strahlungsenergie zur Menge der eingesetzten Blasluft zwischen 2 Wh pro m3 Luft und 20 Wh/m3 Luft, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 und 12,5 Wh/m3 Luft gewählt wird..Method according to one of claims 10 to 11,
wherein the ratio of the infrared radiation energy used to the amount of blowing air used is chosen between 2 Wh per m 3 of air and 20 Wh / m 3 of air, preferably between 2.5 and 12.5 Wh / m 3 of air.
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WO2023041262A1 (en) 2021-09-14 2023-03-23 Koenig & Bauer Ag Sheet-fed printing press having a dryer for drying sheets printed by a non-impact printing device
US11897251B2 (en) 2021-09-14 2024-02-13 Koenig & Bauer Ag Sheet-fed printing press having a dryer for drying sheets printed by a non-impact printing device

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US8707578B2 (en) 2014-04-29
CN102555440A (en) 2012-07-11
US20120137537A1 (en) 2012-06-07
CN102555440B (en) 2016-08-17
JP5992161B2 (en) 2016-09-14
EP2463100B1 (en) 2013-07-17
JP2012121327A (en) 2012-06-28

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