EP2455510A2 - Device for thermal coating of cylinder interiors for crankcases - Google Patents
Device for thermal coating of cylinder interiors for crankcases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2455510A2 EP2455510A2 EP11189585A EP11189585A EP2455510A2 EP 2455510 A2 EP2455510 A2 EP 2455510A2 EP 11189585 A EP11189585 A EP 11189585A EP 11189585 A EP11189585 A EP 11189585A EP 2455510 A2 EP2455510 A2 EP 2455510A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- suction
- suction device
- crankcase
- cylinder
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
- C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/137—Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/069—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies the hollow bodies having a closed end
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the thermal coating of cylinder surfaces in crankcases, with a adapted to the crankcase workpiece holder and with an insertable into the region of at least one of the cylinder inner surfaces coating tool.
- thermal spraying methods can be used.
- cylinder inner surfaces d. H. Cylinder-crankcase piston liners are suitable for thermal spray coating.
- the relatively thin spray coatings offer advantages, especially in aluminum cylinder crankcases, compared to conventionally used cast iron liners, as residual stresses are reduced, overall weight is reduced, and lower friction between pistons and piston liners during engine operation.
- high thermal and kinetic energy processes are used, e.g. As the plasma spraying, the arc wire spraying, laser spraying or flame spraying.
- additional reactive gases may be added to assist the process.
- the spraying materials used are introduced into the energy beam either as wire or as powder, and thrown onto or into the substrate. Suitable materials are pure substances, alloys or mixtures of different compositions.
- the material particles are sprayed with high kinetic energy onto the cylinder inner wall previously prepared with defined roughness, whereby the desired layer thickness of the coating is gradually achieved.
- a method for appropriate preparation of the cylinder inner wall before the coating is z. B. in the WO 2010/015229 A1 described.
- part of the particles bounces off the inner wall and settles on other component parts as an undesirable layer of dirt, or leaves the treatment system together with the exhaust gases. This contamination can negatively affect the process, the plant and the product.
- the invention is therefore based on the object safely remove the resulting during thermal spraying of cylinder crankcases gases and dusts from the workpiece.
- a vacuum source connected to the front side of the cylinder inner surface oppositely arranged suction device proposed with a directed towards the cylinder inner surface suction, wherein the suction opening a tool carrying the coating tool annularly surrounds.
- the gases and dusts accumulating during the thermal spraying of cylinder crankcases can be reliably removed from the workpiece, that is to say the cylinder inner surfaces of the crankcase.
- the tool shaft is guided sealed by the suction device.
- the tool shaft is rotatably mounted, and sealed by a rotary seal against the suction device.
- a component of the suction device is a ring surrounding the suction opening, which, facing away from the crankcase, is designed to be flat, and turned away from the crankcase.
- the suction device comprises an at least two-part suction housing, wherein the parts are separable and the tool shank is arranged in the parting plane.
- a further embodiment is characterized by a second suction device, wherein this second suction device is part of the workpiece holder.
- this second suction device is part of the workpiece holder.
- the first and the second suction device with a common, d. H. connected to the same vacuum source.
- the second suction device has a plurality of suction openings, of which each suction opening is assigned to one of the cylinders of the crankcase.
- the suction opening of the second suction device is located at the free end of a projecting into the crankcase, tubular Approach, wherein the outer contour of the approach is adapted to the inner contour of the crankcase.
- the workpiece holder is rotatable between a first and a second coating position such that in the first coating position one or more left-hand cylinder rows and in the second coating position one or more right-hand cylinder rows of a V-engine or a double V-engine are processed can be.
- thermal spraying here in addition to the so-called flame spraying in recent times often the so-called plasma spraying or arc spraying is used.
- powder and / or wire particles with high thermal and kinetic energy are thrown or sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to be coated and form there after the temperature dissipation of the desired application layer.
- a wear resistant and low friction tread is created.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 a first embodiment of the device for the thermal coating of cylinder inner surfaces 10 in cylinder crankcases 12 made of cast iron or an aluminum or magnesium alloy, as well as the cylinder crankcase 12 to be machined, here the crankcase of a four-cylinder in-line engine.
- the cylinder crankcase 12 to be machined is supported on a workpiece holder 16. Integrated into this is a first suction device 18.
- the suction device 18 has a separate suction opening 22 for each of the four lower cylinder openings 20 of the crankcase 12. Attached to the inner contour of the crankcase 12 essays 24 of the suction device protrude close to the cylinder inner surfaces 10 to be coated in the crankcase 12 into it, and are provided at its upper end with open to the cylinder inner surfaces 10 toward suction 22.
- FIG. 2 In a further side view of the device and the crankcase, the adaptation of the geometry of the attachments 24 of the lower suction device 18 to the inner contour of the crankcase 12 can be seen more accurately.
- the essays 24 are cylindrical and straight. Often, however, cylinder crankcases are provided with undercuts in which straight designed essays can not be driven sufficiently far. In this case, it may be advantageous to construct the attachments 24 in two or more parts, so that they can be completely retracted even in the case of undercuts of the crankcase, and to be able to extend again after the process has been completed.
- the attachments 24 are designed such that the surrounding contour of the crank space remains a certain gap. Through this gap, a secondary flow is possible, also tolerances between the contour of the cap 24 and the surrounding contour of the crank chamber are compensated in this way.
- Both suction devices 18, 28 are connected to vacuum sources, not shown in the figures, wherein advantageously the same vacuum source supplies both suction devices 18, 28 with negative pressure.
- the suction opening of the suction device 28 is designed as a preferably circular ring opening 30 whose diameter is adapted to the contour of the individual cylinder opening 36 of the crankcase 12.
- the upper suction device 28 on the underside of a suction housing 32 a suction 34 surrounding the ring 34, the opening of which from the suction housing 32 toward the crankcase 12th having decreasing inner diameter. This can lead to improved flow guidance and an improved suction effect.
- the ring 34 is provided with a wreath placed thereon. This ring prevents particles from falling back into the cylinder opening 36.
- the suction device 28 is aligned in each case so that the suction opening 30 and the ring 34 are arranged exactly above a single cylinder opening 36 of the crankcase 12.
- a tool shaft 38 carrying a coating tool 39 for thermal spraying is guided coaxially with the respective cylinder inner surface 10 through the suction housing 32 in such a way that the tool shank 38 leads exactly centered both through the upper suction device 28 and the ring 34, as well as centrally into the respective cylinder of the crankcase 12 leads.
- the tool shaft 38 is sealed relative to the upper suction device 28, wherein it can be rotatable, as well as further vertically translationally displaceable.
- a maintenance of the negative pressure even with a rotation of the tool shaft 38 for uniform coating of the cylinder inner surfaces 10 or in a linear movement of the tool shaft 38 for insertion and removal of the coating tool 39 in and out of a cylinder, guaranteed.
- the cylindrical inner surface i. H. the prepared to measure or pre-machined bore of the cylinder crankcase processed so that a layer is applied by thermal spraying.
- thermal spraying creates a socket z.
- steel with traces of other elements in the form of a matrix with embedded oxide and very fine pores.
- the finished oversize of this layer should then be about 0.1 to 0.2 mm, whereby after honing this layer a very smooth surface with very fine pores is formed.
- the suction devices 18, 28 are mounted relative to each other displaceable. This makes it possible to move the coating tool 39 along a row of cylinders of a cylinder crankcase 12 to the next cylinder to be coated. In this case, either the upper suction device 28 including the coating tool 39 along the end face 11 of the crankcase 12 can be moved or the lower suction device 18 including the crankcase 12 are moved below the coating tool 39.
- the suction housing 32 is provided with an opening mechanism 40 for cleaning.
- the suction housing 32 is formed in two parts, wherein a vertical dividing plane 42 leads exactly centered through the upper suction opening 30, the ring 34 and the tool shank 38.
- a hinge 44 connecting the two parts of the suction housing 32 is provided on one side and on the other side a clamping closure 46 for opening and closing the upper suction device 28 for cleaning purposes.
- the suction housing 32 is a serving as a filter grid. This retains extracted particles so that they do not get into the area of the exhaust fan.
- the filter or grid can be removed after opening the upper suction device 28 to replace it or to clean it before reinserting.
- the articles 24 and the rings 34 are made of a material which largely prevents particle adhesion. Suitable for this is z. As a copper-nickel alloy.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 a second embodiment of the device for the thermal coating of cylinder inner surfaces 10 in crankcases 12, in which the upper suction device 28 of the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown, but the lower suction device 18 is configured such that the cylinder inner surfaces 10 of the various cylinder rows 48, 50 of a V-engine can be coated.
- the lower suction device 18 is integrated into the workpiece holder 16.
- the workpiece holder 16 is between a in FIG. 4 shown first coating position for coating the cylinder inner surfaces 10 of the left cylinder bank 48 and a second coating position for coating the cylinder inner surfaces 10 of the right cylinder row 50 of the V-motor rotatably and stored accordingly on a stationary frame.
- a passage valve 52 Centered in the workpiece holder 16 and in the flow path of the lower suction device 18 is a passage valve 52, which depending on the rotational position of the workpiece holder 16, the negative pressure in the corresponding cylinder row 48, 50, ie in the respective essays 24 directs.
- the passage valve 52 remains substantially unchanged in its position. The switching of the corresponding flow path through the lower suction device 18 takes place by rotation via an actuator from one to the other coating position.
- the passage valve 52 is disposed on the rotation axis 54 of the workpiece holder 16, so that the workpiece holder 16 rotates about the flow axis of the passage valve 52, and no connections must be changed or re-set in the context of the rotation of the workpiece holder.
- only one coating tool is provided for each cylinder crankcase, and the suction takes place only in the region of the cylinder inner surface surrounding this tool.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung für das thermische Beschichten von Zylinderinnenflächen bei Kurbelgehäusen, mit einer an das Kurbelgehäuse angepassten Werkstückaufnahme sowie mit einem in den Bereich mindestens einer der Zylinderinnenflächen einführbaren Beschichtungswerkzeug.The invention relates to a device for the thermal coating of cylinder surfaces in crankcases, with a adapted to the crankcase workpiece holder and with an insertable into the region of at least one of the cylinder inner surfaces coating tool.
Zum Auftragen von Beschichtungen auf Gussteiloberflächen können thermische Spritzverfahren eingesetzt werden. Besonders die Zylinderinnenflächen, d. h. Kolbenlaufflächen von Zylinderkurbelgehäusen sind für eine Beschichtung durch thermisches Spritzen geeignet. Die relativ dünnen Spritzschichten bieten vor allem bei Zylinderkurbelgehäusen aus Aluminium im Vergleich zu konventionell eingesetzten Laufbuchsen aus Gusseisen Vorteile, da Eigenspannungen reduziert werden, das Gewicht insgesamt verringert wird, und sich im Motorbetrieb günstigere Reibungswerte zwischen Kolben und Kolbenlaufflächen zeigen.For applying coatings on casting surfaces, thermal spraying methods can be used. Especially the cylinder inner surfaces, d. H. Cylinder-crankcase piston liners are suitable for thermal spray coating. The relatively thin spray coatings offer advantages, especially in aluminum cylinder crankcases, compared to conventionally used cast iron liners, as residual stresses are reduced, overall weight is reduced, and lower friction between pistons and piston liners during engine operation.
Zum Beschichten werden mit hoher thermischer und kinetischer Energie arbeitende Verfahren eingesetzt, z. B. das Plasmaspritzen, das Lichtbogendrahtspritzen, das Laserspritzen oder das Flammspritzen. Bei Durchführung des Beschichtungsverfahrens können zusätzlich reaktive Gase zur Unterstützung des Prozesses zugegeben werden. Die verwendeten Spritzmaterialien werden entweder als Draht oder als Pulver in den Energiestrahl eingeführt, und auf oder in das Substrat geschleudert. Als Werkstoffe kommen reine Stoffe, Legierungen oder Materialgemische unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung in Betracht. Beim thermischen Beschichten von Zylinderinnenflächen bei Kurbelgehäusen werden die Materialteilchen mit hoher kinetischer Energie auf die zuvor mit definierter Rauhigkeit vorbereitete Zylinderinnenwand gesprüht, wodurch nach und nach die gewünschte Schichtdicke der Beschichtung erreicht wird. Ein Verfahren zur entsprechenden Vorbereitung der Zylinderinnenwand vor der Beschichtung ist z. B. in der
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die beim thermischen Spritzen von Zylinderkurbelgehäusen anfallenden Gase und Stäube sicher aus dem Werkstück zu entfernen.The invention is therefore based on the object safely remove the resulting during thermal spraying of cylinder crankcases gases and dusts from the workpiece.
Hierzu wird bei einer Vorrichtung für das thermische Beschichten mit den eingangs angegebenen Merkmalen eine mit einer Unterdruckquelle verbundene, der Stirnseite der Zylinderinnenfläche gegenüberliegend angeordnete Absaugeinrichtung mit einer zu der Zylinderinnenfläche hin gerichteten Absaugöffnung vorgeschlagen, wobei die Absaugöffnung einen das Beschichtungswerkzeug tragenden Werkzeugschaft ringförmig umgibt.For this purpose, in a device for thermal coating with the features specified above, a vacuum source connected to the front side of the cylinder inner surface oppositely arranged suction device proposed with a directed towards the cylinder inner surface suction, wherein the suction opening a tool carrying the coating tool annularly surrounds.
Mit einer solchen Vorrichtung lassen sich die beim thermischen Spritzen von Zylinderkurbelgehäusen anfallenden Gase und Stäube sicher aus dem Werkstück, also den Zylinderinnenflächen des Kurbelgehäuses, entfernen.With such a device, the gases and dusts accumulating during the thermal spraying of cylinder crankcases can be reliably removed from the workpiece, that is to say the cylinder inner surfaces of the crankcase.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung ist der Werkzeugschaft abgedichtet durch die Absaugeinrichtung hindurchgeführt. Vorzugsweise ist der Werkzeugschaft rotierend gelagert, und über eine Drehdichtung gegenüber der Absaugeinrichtung abgedichtet.According to one embodiment of the device, the tool shaft is guided sealed by the suction device. Preferably, the tool shaft is rotatably mounted, and sealed by a rotary seal against the suction device.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist Bestandteil der Absaugeinrichtung ein die Absaugöffnung umgebender Ring, der dem Kurbelgehäuse zugewandt flach, und dem Kurbelgehäuse abgewandt ansteigend gestaltet ist.According to a further embodiment, a component of the suction device is a ring surrounding the suction opening, which, facing away from the crankcase, is designed to be flat, and turned away from the crankcase.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst die Absaugeinrichtung ein mindestens zweiteiliges Absauggehäuse, wobei die Teile trennbar sind und der Werkzeugschaft in der Trennebene angeordnet ist.According to a further embodiment, the suction device comprises an at least two-part suction housing, wherein the parts are separable and the tool shank is arranged in the parting plane.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung ist gekennzeichnet durch eine zweite Absaugeinrichtung, wobei diese zweite Absaugeinrichtung Bestandteil der Werkstückaufnahme ist. Vorzugsweise sind die erste und die zweite Absaugeinrichtung mit einer gemeinsamen, d. h. derselben Unterdruckquelle verbunden.A further embodiment is characterized by a second suction device, wherein this second suction device is part of the workpiece holder. Preferably, the first and the second suction device with a common, d. H. connected to the same vacuum source.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die zweite Absaugeinrichtung eine Mehrzahl an Absaugöffnungen auf, von denen jede Absaugöffnung einem der Zylinder des Kurbelgehäuses zugeordnet ist.According to a further embodiment, the second suction device has a plurality of suction openings, of which each suction opening is assigned to one of the cylinders of the crankcase.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung befindet sich die Absaugöffnung der zweiten Absaugeinrichtung am freien Ende eines in das Kurbelgehäuse hineinragenden, rohrförmigen Ansatzes, wobei die Außenkontur des Ansatzes an die Innenkontur des Kurbelgehäuses angepasst ist.According to a further embodiment, the suction opening of the second suction device is located at the free end of a projecting into the crankcase, tubular Approach, wherein the outer contour of the approach is adapted to the inner contour of the crankcase.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Werkstückaufnahme derart zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Beschichtungsposition rotierbar, dass in der ersten Beschichtungsposition eine oder mehrere linke Zylinderreihen, und in der zweiten Beschichtungsposition eine oder mehrere rechte Zylinderreihen eines V-Motors oder eines Doppel-V-Motors bearbeitet werden können.According to a further embodiment, the workpiece holder is rotatable between a first and a second coating position such that in the first coating position one or more left-hand cylinder rows and in the second coating position one or more right-hand cylinder rows of a V-engine or a double V-engine are processed can be.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, wobei auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen wird. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in einer ersten Ausführungsform einen vertikalen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung, angesetzt an das Kurbelgehäuse eines Reihenmotors;
- Fig. 2
- einen im Vergleich zu
Fig. 1 um 90° gedrehten, zweiten vertikalen Querschnitt der ersten Ausführungsform; - Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf die erste Ausführungsform;
- Fig. 4
- in einer zweiten Ausführungsform einen vertikalen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung, angesetzt in einer ersten Beschichtungsposition an das Kurbelgehäuse eines V-Motors;
- Fig. 5
- eine der
Fig. 4 vergleichbare Seitenansicht der zweiten Ausführungsform, in einer zweiten Beschichtungsposition.
- Fig. 1
- in a first embodiment, a vertical cross-section through the device, attached to the crankcase of a straight-line engine;
- Fig. 2
- one compared to
Fig. 1 rotated 90 °, second vertical cross section of the first embodiment; - Fig. 3
- a plan view of the first embodiment;
- Fig. 4
- in a second embodiment, a vertical cross section through the device, set in a first coating position to the crankcase of a V-engine;
- Fig. 5
- one of the
Fig. 4 Comparable side view of the second embodiment, in a second coating position.
Zur Lösung bestimmter technischer Probleme, insbesondere tribologischer Probleme, ist es häufig erwünscht, Oberflächen eines Trägermaterials mit einem Werkstoff zu beschichten, der ganz bestimmte, an die jeweiligen Einsatzbedingungen optimal angepasste Eigenschaften hat. Derartige Beschichtungen haben im Vergleich zu Lösungen, bei denen mehrere Komponenten entweder mechanisch oder durch Klebe- oder Lötverbindungen zusammengefügt werden, den Vorteil einer äußerst kompakten Bauweise kombiniert mit einer verhältnismäßig großen Kontaktoberfläche der angrenzenden Werkstoffe, wodurch sich eine derartige Verbindungstechnik insbesondere für thermisch hoch beanspruchte Komponenten anbietet. Über die Beschichtung ergibt sich ein sehr guter Stoffschluss, so dass thermische Energie besonders gut abgeführt werden kann.To solve certain technical problems, in particular tribological problems, it is often desirable to coat surfaces of a substrate with a material that has very specific, optimally adapted to the particular conditions of use properties. Such coatings, in comparison to solutions in which several components are joined together either mechanically or by adhesive or solder joints, the advantage of an extremely compact design combined with a relatively large contact surface of the adjacent materials, whereby such a connection technology, especially for high thermal stress Components offers. The coating results in a very good adhesion, so that thermal energy can be dissipated particularly well.
Im Bereich der metallischen Werkstoffe werden solche Beschichtungen häufig durch sogenanntes "thermisches Spritzen" aufgebracht, wobei hier neben dem sogenannten Flammspritzen in jüngerer Zeit häufig das sogenannte Plasmaspritzen oder das Lichtbogenspritzen zur Anwendung kommt. Dabei werden Pulver- und/oder Drahtpartikel mit hoher thermischer und kinetischer Energie auf die Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Substrats geschleudert bzw. gespritzt und bilden dort nach der Temperaturabführung die gewünschte Auftragsschicht.In the field of metallic materials such coatings are often applied by so-called "thermal spraying", here in addition to the so-called flame spraying in recent times often the so-called plasma spraying or arc spraying is used. Here, powder and / or wire particles with high thermal and kinetic energy are thrown or sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to be coated and form there after the temperature dissipation of the desired application layer.
Neben einer genauen Einhaltung der Prozessparameter zur Vermeidung von sogenannten Aufbauporositäten, d.h. der Einlagerung von nicht mehr auffüllbaren Hohlräumen oder von sogenanntem "Overspray", bei dem ein Teil der nicht aufgeschmolzenen Teilchen nicht am Substrat haften bleibt sondern abprallt, kommt es für eine zuverlässige Nutzung dieses Herstellungsverfahrens entscheidend auf die mechanische Verklammerung zwischen Beschichtung und Substrat an, um ein ausreichend hohes Niveau der Schichthaftung zu erreichen. Es besteht in einem solchen Fall das Bedürfnis, die Substratoberfläche mit einer Oberflächenstruktur vorbestimmter Geometrie auszubilden, damit die Schicht sich über die gesamte zu beschichtende Oberfläche gleichmäßig mechanisch verzahnt. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass es vielfach nicht ausreicht, die Substratoberfläche beispielsweise durch Sandstrahlen oder Wasserstrahlen aufzurauen und/oder zu aktivieren.In addition to a strict adherence to the process parameters to avoid so-called buildup corundums, i. the incorporation of no longer fillable cavities or of so-called "overspray", in which a part of the unfused particles does not adhere to the substrate but bounces off, it is crucial for a reliable use of this manufacturing process on the mechanical interlocking between the coating and substrate to to achieve a sufficiently high level of coating adhesion. In such a case, there is a need to form the substrate surface with a surface structure of predetermined geometry so that the layer uniformly mechanically interlocks over the entire surface to be coated. It has been found that in many cases it is not sufficient to roughen and / or activate the substrate surface, for example by sand blasting or water jets.
Wenn beispielsweise ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse mit geeigneten Beschichtungen versehen wird, die durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebracht werden, entsteht eine verschleißfeste und reibungsarme Lauffläche.For example, when a cylinder crankcase is provided with suitable coatings applied by thermal spraying, a wear resistant and low friction tread is created.
In den
Das zu bearbeitende Zylinderkurbelgehäuse 12 stützt sich auf einer Werkstückaufnahme 16 ab. In diese integriert ist eine erste Absaugeinrichtung 18. Die Absaugeinrichtung 18 weist für jede der hier vier unteren Zylinderöffnungen 20 des Kurbelgehäuses 12 eine separate Absaugöffnung 22 auf. An die Innenkontur des Kurbelgehäuses 12 angepasste Aufsätze 24 der Absaugeinrichtung ragen bis nahe zu den zu beschichtenden Zylinderinnenflächen 10 in das Kurbelgehäuse 12 hinein, und sind an ihrem oberen Ende mit zu den Zylinderinnenflächen 10 hin offenen Absaugöffnungen 22 versehen. In
In den
Die Aufsätze 24 sind derart gestaltet, dass zur umgebenden Kontur des Kurbelraums ein gewisser Spalt verbleibt. Durch diesen Spalt hindurch ist eine Sekundärströmung möglich, außerdem werden auf diese Weise Toleranzen zwischen der Kontur des Aufsatzes 24 und der umgebenden Kontur des Kurbelraums ausgeglichen.The
Am anderen Ende, hier also oberhalb des Kurbelgehäuses 12 und damit dort, wo beim späteren Verbrennungsmotor der Zylinderkopf sitzt, befindet sich eine an einer Halterung 26 festgelegte zweite Absaugeinrichtung 28 mit hier lediglich einer Absaugöffnung 30, die also nur zu einer der Zylinderöffnungen 36 hin offen ist.At the other end, in this case above the
Abweichend von diesem Ausführungsbeispiel können aber auch mehrere Zylinder des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses 12 gleichzeitig behandelt, d. h. darin gearbeitet und daraus abgesaugt werden.Deviating from this embodiment, however, a plurality of cylinders of the
Beide Absaugeinrichtungen 18, 28 sind mit in den Figuren nicht gezeigten Unterdruckquellen verbunden, wobei vorteilhafterweise die gleiche Unterdruckquelle beide Absaugeinrichtungen 18, 28 mit Unterdruck versorgt.Both
Die Absaugöffnung der Absaugeinrichtung 28 ist als vorzugsweise kreisrunde Ringöffnung 30 ausgestaltet, deren Durchmesser an die Kontur der einzelnen Zylinderöffnung 36 des Kurbelgehäuses 12 angepasst ist. Zur besseren Abdichtung des Übergangs zwischen der oberen Absaugeinrichtung 28 und der Zylinderöffnung 36 weist die obere Absaugeinrichtung 28 an der Unterseite eines Absauggehäuses 32 einen die Absaugöffnung 30 umgebenden Ring 34 auf, dessen Öffnung einen vom Absauggehäuse 32 in Richtung Kurbelgehäuse 12 abnehmenden Innendurchmesser aufweist. Dies kann zu verbesserter Strömungsführung und einem verbesserten Saugeffekt führen. Von zusätzlichem Vorteil ist es, wenn der Ring 34 mit einem darauf aufgesetzten Kranz versehen ist. Dieser Kranz verhindert, dass Partikel wieder in die Zylinderöffnung 36 zurückfallen.The suction opening of the
Durch entsprechende Prozesssteuerung wird die Absaugeinrichtung 28 jeweils so ausgerichtet, dass die Absaugöffnung 30 und der Ring 34 exakt über einer einzelnen Zylinderöffnung 36 des Kurbelgehäuses 12 angeordnet sind. Ein ein Beschichtungswerkzeug 39 zum thermischen Spritzen tragender Werkzeugschaft 38 ist derart koaxial zu der jeweiligen Zylinderinnenfläche 10 durch das Absauggehäuse 32 hindurch geführt, dass der Werkzeugschaft 38 exakt mittig sowohl durch die obere Absaugeinrichtung 28 und den Ring 34 führt, als auch zentrisch in den jeweiligen Zylinder des Kurbelgehäuses 12 führt.By appropriate process control, the
Vorzugsweise ist der Werkzeugschaft 38 gegenüber der oberen Absaugeinrichtung 28 abgedichtet, wobei er drehbar, sowie ferner vertikal translativ verschiebbar sein kann. Dadurch ist eine Aufrechterhaltung des Unterdrucks, auch bei einer Rotation des Werkzeugschafts 38 zur gleichmäßigen Beschichtung der Zylinderinnenflächen 10 oder bei einer linearen Bewegung des Werkzeugschafts 38 zum Ein- und Ausführen des Beschichtungswerkzeuges 39 in und aus einem Zylinder, gewährleistet.Preferably, the
Mit dem Werkzeug 39 wird die zylindrische Innenoberfläche, d. h. die auf Maß vorbereitete bzw. vorbearbeitete Bohrung des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses derart bearbeitet, dass eine Schicht durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebracht wird. Durch diesen Materialauftrag durch sogenanntes thermisches Spritzen entsteht eine Buchse z. B. aus Stahl mit Spuren von anderen Elementen, und zwar in Form einer Matrix mit eingelagerten Oxidnestern und sehr feinen Poren. Das fertige Aufmaß dieser Schicht soll dann bei etwa 0,1 bis 0,2 mm liegen, wobei nach dem Honen dieser Schicht eine sehr glatte Oberfläche mit sehr feinen Poren entsteht.With the
Die Absaugeinrichtungen 18, 28 sind relativ zueinander verschiebbar gelagert. Dies ermöglicht es, das Beschichtungswerkzeug 39 entlang einer Zylinderreihe eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses 12 zu dem nächsten zu beschichtenden Zylinder zu bewegen. Dabei kann entweder die obere Absaugeinrichtung 28 inklusive des Beschichtungswerkzeuges 39 entlang der Stirnseite 11 des Kurbelgehäuses 12 verfahren werden oder die untere Absaugeinrichtung 18 inklusive des Kurbelgehäuses 12 unterhalb des Beschichtungswerkzeugs 39 verschoben werden.The
Insbesondere der
In dem Absauggehäuse 32 befindet sich ein als Filter dienendes Gitter. Dieses hält abgesaugte Partikel zurück, so dass diese nicht mit in den Bereich des Absauggebläses gelangen. Das Filter bzw. Gitter lässt sich nach dem Öffnen der oberen Absaugeinrichtung 28 herausnehmen, um es auszuwechseln oder vor dem Wiedereinsetzen zu säubern.In the
Die Aufsätze 24 und die Ringe 34 bestehen aus einem Material, welches Partikelanhaftungen weitgehend verhindert. Hierfür geeignet ist z. B. eine Kupfer-Nickel-Legierung.The
In
Mittig integriert in die Werkstückaufnahme 16 und in den Strömungsverlauf der unteren Absaugeinrichtung 18 ist ein Durchlassventil 52, welches je nach Drehlage der Werkstückaufnahme 16 den Unterdruck in die entsprechende Zylinderreihe 48, 50, also in die jeweiligen Aufsätze 24 leitet. Dabei bleibt das Durchlassventil 52 in seiner Stellung im Wesentlichen unverändert. Das Schalten des entsprechenden Strömungsverlaufs durch die untere Absaugeinrichtung 18 erfolgt durch Rotation über einen Aktuator aus der einen in die andere Beschichtungsposition.Centered in the
Das Durchlassventil 52 ist auf der Rotationsachse 54 der Werkstückaufnahme 16 angeordnet, sodass die Werkstückaufnahme 16 um die Strömungsachse des Durchlassventils 52 rotiert, und keine Anschlüsse im Rahmen der Rotation der Werkstückaufnahme geändert oder neu gelegt werden müssen.The
Bei den voranstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist für jedes Zylinderkurbelgehäuse nur jeweils ein Beschichtungswerkzeug vorgesehen, und die Absaugung erfolgt nur im Bereich der dieses Werkzeug umgebenden Zylinderinnenfläche. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es aber ebenso möglich, zugleich mehr als nur einen Zylinder des Kurbelgehäuses zu beschichten und hierbei die beschriebene Absaugung durchzuführen.In the embodiments described above, only one coating tool is provided for each cylinder crankcase, and the suction takes place only in the region of the cylinder inner surface surrounding this tool. In the context of the invention, it is also possible to coat more than one cylinder of the crankcase at the same time and in this case to perform the suction described.
- 1010
- ZylinderinnenflächeCylinder inner surface
- 1111
- Stirnseitefront
- 1212
- Kurbelgehäusecrankcase
- 1616
- WerkstückaufnahmeWorkpiece holder
- 1818
- untere Absaugeinrichtunglower suction device
- 2020
- untere Zylinderöffnunglower cylinder opening
- 2222
- untere Absaugöffnunglower suction opening
- 2424
- AufsätzeEssays
- 2626
- Halterungbracket
- 2828
- obere Absaugeinrichtungupper suction device
- 3030
- Absaugöffnung / RingöffnungSuction opening / ring opening
- 3232
- Absauggehäuseextraction housing
- 3434
- Ringring
- 3636
- Zylinderöffnungcylinder opening
- 3838
- Werkzeugschafttool shank
- 3939
- Beschichtungswerkzeugcoating tool
- 4040
- Öffnungsmechanismusopening mechanism
- 4242
- Trennebeneparting plane
- 4444
- Scharnierhinge
- 4646
- SpannverschlussLever Release
- 4848
- linke Zylinderreiheleft cylinder bank
- 5050
- rechte Zylinderreiheright cylinder bank
- 5252
- DurchlassventilGate valve
- 5454
- Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
Claims (10)
eine mit einer Unterdruckquelle verbundene, der Stirnseite (11) der Zylinderinnenfläche (10) gegenüberliegend angeordnete Absaugeinrichtung (28) mit einer zu der Zylinderinnenfläche (10) hin gerichteten Absaugöffnung (30), wobei die Absaugöffnung (30) einen das Beschichtungswerkzeug (39) tragenden Werkzeugschaft (38) ringförmig umgibt.Apparatus for the thermal coating of cylinder inner surfaces (10) in crankcases (12), with a workpiece holder (16) adapted to the crankcase (12) and with a coating tool (39) insertable into the region of at least one of the cylinder inner surfaces (10), characterized by
a with a vacuum source connected to the end face (11) of the cylinder inner surface (10) oppositely arranged suction device (28) directed towards the cylinder inner surface (10) suction opening (30), wherein the suction opening (30) carrying a coating tool (39) Tool shank (38) surrounds annular.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010060652A DE102010060652A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2010-11-18 | Device for the thermal coating of cylinder inner surfaces in crankcases |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2455510A2 true EP2455510A2 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2455510A3 EP2455510A3 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2455510B1 EP2455510B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11189585.0A Active EP2455510B1 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2011-11-17 | Device for thermal coating of cylinder interiors for crankcases |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2455510B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010060652A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE030617T2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2986805A1 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2013-08-16 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Coating barrel of casing cylinders by thermal spraying, comprises alternatively aspiring gas fluid of torch at top of barrel for relative displacement from top to bottom of barrel and aspiring gas fluid of torch at bottom of barrel |
WO2016015922A1 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau Gmbh | Metallic coating device and method, and holding unit for the device |
EP3048182B1 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2018-11-21 | Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau GmbH | Installation and method for producing a metallic coating on a workpiece |
DE102017213359A1 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Coating lance head, coating lance and masking plate for thermal coating, and a corresponding coating system and method |
DE102017213360A1 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process box for shielding predetermined surfaces of an object in a thermal coating and corresponding method |
DE102017127581A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-23 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Apparatus and method for coating a cylinder inner surface of a cylinder chamber of an engine block |
DE102019104017A1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating a cylinder bore |
DE102019124664A1 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process box for a coating system |
Families Citing this family (8)
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DE102012109203B3 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-11-21 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Apparatus and method for coating cylinder bores of an engine block |
DE102012021859B4 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2018-10-18 | Daimler Ag | Process for the thermal coating of cylinder surfaces |
DE102013014174A1 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating cylinder walls |
DE102014106106B4 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2021-09-30 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Coating device and method for coating a workpiece surface |
DE102015104492B4 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2024-05-08 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Coating device for coating a workpiece surface of a workpiece |
DE102016225059A1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for coating a cylinder wall and device for coating a cylinder wall |
DE102017217069A1 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-03-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Rotary unit for a coating lance device for thermally coating an interior, and such a coating lance device |
CN109367232A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-22 | 苏州匹丝软件设计有限公司 | A kind of printing machine strip lateral pull guage heat bakes film device |
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DE19936393A1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-08 | Volkswagen Ag | Method and device for applying or introducing a material onto or into a surface |
JP2005179723A (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method of forming sprayed coating, and device of forming sprayed coating |
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2010
- 2010-11-18 DE DE102010060652A patent/DE102010060652A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-11-17 EP EP11189585.0A patent/EP2455510B1/en active Active
- 2011-11-17 HU HUE11189585A patent/HUE030617T2/en unknown
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WO2010015229A1 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Honsel Ag | Method and tool for producing a surface having a predetermined roughness |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2986805A1 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2013-08-16 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Coating barrel of casing cylinders by thermal spraying, comprises alternatively aspiring gas fluid of torch at top of barrel for relative displacement from top to bottom of barrel and aspiring gas fluid of torch at bottom of barrel |
WO2016015922A1 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau Gmbh | Metallic coating device and method, and holding unit for the device |
US10286417B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2019-05-14 | Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau Gmbh | Metallic coating device and method, and holding unit for the device |
EP3048182B1 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2018-11-21 | Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau GmbH | Installation and method for producing a metallic coating on a workpiece |
DE102017213359A1 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Coating lance head, coating lance and masking plate for thermal coating, and a corresponding coating system and method |
DE102017213360A1 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process box for shielding predetermined surfaces of an object in a thermal coating and corresponding method |
DE102017127581A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-23 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Apparatus and method for coating a cylinder inner surface of a cylinder chamber of an engine block |
DE102019104017A1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating a cylinder bore |
DE102019124664A1 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process box for a coating system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102010060652A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
HUE030617T2 (en) | 2017-05-29 |
EP2455510A3 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2455510B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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