EP2454116B1 - Device for high-voltage isolation of means for supplying power to electrical device connected to high-voltage potential - Google Patents

Device for high-voltage isolation of means for supplying power to electrical device connected to high-voltage potential Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2454116B1
EP2454116B1 EP10742219.8A EP10742219A EP2454116B1 EP 2454116 B1 EP2454116 B1 EP 2454116B1 EP 10742219 A EP10742219 A EP 10742219A EP 2454116 B1 EP2454116 B1 EP 2454116B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
primary
inductance means
isolating transformer
power supply
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EP10742219.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2454116A2 (en
Inventor
Martin Coyaud
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Faiveley Transport Tours SAS
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Faiveley Transport Tours SAS
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/20—Details of contact bow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/08—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure without magnetic core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/08—Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses
    • H01F2019/085—Transformer for galvanic isolation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for high voltage isolation of power supply means of an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential.
  • such a high voltage isolation device is used in the upper part of the roof of a railway rolling stock for the supply of an electronic device connected to a high voltage potential delivered by a catenary line.
  • a catenary line may have various voltages depending on the rail network, for example 1500 V or 3000 V when it is a catenary line DC or 15000 V or 25000 V when it comes of a catenary AC line.
  • the supply means of such an electrical device from a low voltage power supply, typically taken from the battery of the railway vehicle, must to be isolated.
  • An isolation transformer as described for example by the document EP 1 947 465 in the name of the Applicant, is thus provided, connected on the one hand to a low voltage electrical source and on the other hand to the power supply means of the electrical device.
  • a high voltage isolation device is also known in the document DE 102004042101 , comprising an isolating transformer for supplying power supply means to an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage isolation device of reduced mass and volume and whose interior space can be optimized.
  • the present invention relates to a device for high voltage isolation of power supply means for an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential, comprising an isolating transformer adapted to supply the power supply means, the transformer for isolation comprising a primary inductance means and a secondary inductance means disposed opposite one another at a predetermined fixed distance so as to magnetically couple the primary inductance means and the secondary inductance means .
  • the isolation transformer is a transformer without a magnetic core, at least one magnetic field insensitive element extending through said primary and secondary inductance means.
  • the invention provides for the use of a transformer without a magnetic core according to a fixed arrangement of the primary and secondary inductance means facing one another.
  • Such a transformer without a magnetic core is conventionally used for charging mobile devices of the mobile phone type, taking advantage of the relative mobility of the primary and secondary inductance means which can be integrated separately into a charging base. and the other in the mobile device and be placed vis-a-vis when the mobile device is placed on the charging base.
  • This space is thus occupied by one or more elements of the isolation device, insensitive to the magnetic field, which extend through the primary and secondary inductance means, thereby optimizing the space occupied by the various elements of the device. isolation.
  • the primary inductance means and the secondary inductance means consist respectively of a winding of one or more turns, said at least one element insensitive to the magnetic field being housed in a space extending to the center of the windings.
  • the interior arrangement of the high voltage insulation device is thus optimized to accommodate different types of equipment insofar as these are little or not sensitive to the magnetic field to which they are subjected when they are arranged between the means of primary and secondary inductance of the isolation transformer.
  • said at least one element is connected to the electrical device.
  • the high-voltage isolation device comprises a housing, the isolation transformer being housed in the housing and the primary and secondary inductance means being embedded in a dielectric material at the housing. inside of this case.
  • the predetermined fixed distance mounting of the primary and secondary inductance means can thus be obtained simply by embedding these inductance means directly in a dielectric material.
  • the supply means comprise regulating means adapted to regulate the amplitude of the voltage of the power supply in the supply means as a function of a predetermined threshold value, the means of control being adapted to control short-circuit means connected to a secondary resonant circuit of the isolation transformer.
  • the regulation of the output voltage of the isolation transformer is carried out at the level of the secondary resonant circuit of the device, thanks to the supply means integrating the regulation means.
  • Such a regulation avoids to implement feedback at the power supply of the primary resonant circuit of the isolation transformer.
  • This regulation at the secondary level of the isolation transformer can be achieved reliably if the absence of magnetic material or core coupling the primary and secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer makes it possible to obtain the temperature stability and in the time of this isolation transformer.
  • the isolation transformer is adapted to supply power supply means for an electronic device for measuring at least one electrical quantity, a transmission line for measuring signals of this electrical quantity. extending into the high voltage isolation device, through said primary inductance means and said secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer.
  • the isolation transformer without magnetic core, it is possible to pass through a means of inductance a signal transmission line between the electrical device and a device for receiving these signals for use.
  • the electronic device comprises means for measuring a voltage of a high-voltage electrical current, comprising a resistive voltage divider, at least one resistor of the resistive voltage divider extends through said resistive voltage divider.
  • primary inductance and said secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer.
  • the high voltage isolation device thus also makes it possible to house a resistor through the inductance means, thanks to the absence of magnetic material coupling these inductance means.
  • the invention also aims at the use of the high-voltage isolation device described above, in association with an electronic device for measuring the current and / or the voltage and / or the electrical energy delivered by a device. catenary line and consumed by a traction chain of a railway vehicle.
  • the isolation device illustrated in figure 1 comprises an isolation transformer 10 adapted to supply power supply means which will be described later and which are intended to supply an electrical device (not shown in FIG. figure 1 ) connected to a high voltage potential.
  • the isolation transformer 10 is a transformer without a magnetic core comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit.
  • Each primary or secondary circuit of the isolation transformer 10 consists of a series resonant circuit comprising an inductance means connected in series with a capacitance.
  • the isolation transformer 10 illustrated in FIG. figure 1 comprises a primary inductance means 11a and a secondary inductance means 11b.
  • the primary inductance means 11a is connected in series with a capacitance 12a of the primary circuit and the secondary inductance means 11b is connected in series with a capacitance 12b of the secondary circuit of the isolation transformer 10.
  • the primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b are arranged facing one another so as to be coupled magnetically without the presence of a magnetic core.
  • the distance D between the primary and secondary inductance means 11a, 11b is fixed and predetermined so as to achieve the magnetic coupling.
  • This distance D is chosen so as to respect the isolation constraints of the transformer 10, partial discharge and coupling between the two resonant circuits, that is to say the primary circuit 11a, 12a and the secondary circuit 11b, 12b .
  • This distance D separating the inductance means 11a, 11b is a few centimeters, and for example is between 2 and 10 cm, and preferably between 3 and 5 cm.
  • the primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b consist respectively of a winding, here of several turns.
  • this winding can be of any shape in a plane.
  • this coil is annular.
  • each winding 11a, 11b occupies a maximum area depending on the space available in the isolation device.
  • the width e of the turns of the winding in its plane is relatively small compared to the radius r of each winding 11a, 11b.
  • the width e of the turns is between 0.5 and 3 cm, and preferably equal to about 1 cm.
  • the radius r of the winding is between 3 and 10 cm, and preferably between 5 and 8 cm.
  • This free space can be used for the provision of one or more elements insensitive to the magnetic field created by the primary inductance means 11a and 11b secondary.
  • These elements examples of which will be described with reference to the figure 2 , can extend through the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b, that is to say in the illustrated embodiment, through the free space in the center of the windings 11a, 11b.
  • the isolation transformer 10 is connected, at the input of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a, to an electronic control circuit 20, for supplying this primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a from the input electrical energy.
  • the electrical control circuit 20 has as input a power supply 21 connected to a source of electrical energy (not shown).
  • This source of electrical energy can be arbitrary, and for example, in an application on board a railway vehicle, it can come from a DC voltage (low voltage) corresponding to the voltage on board the vehicle.
  • the electronic control circuit 20 comprises for this purpose an input filter 22 for filtering and rectifying in known manner the electrical energy supplying the electronic control circuit 20.
  • a power supply 23 which can thus conventionally provide the intermediate voltages necessary for the operation of the internal elements of the electronic circuit 20.
  • This leveling and regulation makes it possible to have a determined and fixed value voltage whatever the variations of the supply voltage of the vehicle.
  • the isolation protects the power supply 21 in the event of insulation fault of the isolation device.
  • a fixed and stable frequency oscillator 24 for example based on quartz, provides a reference frequency F ref to an amplifier 25 mounted at the output of the power supply 23.
  • the amplifier 25 provides an alternating signal whose spectral content contains the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a of the isolation transformer 10.
  • the power signal at the output of the amplifier 25 thus comprises a significant component at the reference frequency F ref desired for the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a.
  • a square power signal can be generated using a complete transistor-controlled bridge with a duty cycle of 50%.
  • This electronic control circuit 20 supplying the primary circuit of the isolation transformer 10 is conventional and need not be described in more detail here.
  • the primary resonant circuit consisting of the capacitance 12a and the coil 11a has a tuning frequency F p close to the reference frequency F ref of the oscillator 24.
  • the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a is excited at the reference frequency F ref , that is to say close to its tuning frequency F p .
  • the form of the voltage thus appearing across the winding 11a is the sum of a sinusoid of large amplitude at the reference frequency F ref and the output signal of the amplifier 25.
  • a magnetic flux of frequency F ref is thus generated, its amplitude being conditioned by the overvoltage factor of the primary resonant circuit.
  • the primary current I p is maximum at the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a.
  • the flux generated by the winding 11a of the primary circuit is partially intercepted by the armature of the secondary circuit formed by the winding 11b.
  • the flux is not guided by a magnetic circuit, but is dependent on the distance D separating the windings 11a, 11b.
  • the electrically insulating material of the windings 11a, 11b has no effect on the magnetic flux generated by the winding 11a of the primary resonant circuit, whether this insulation is made by air or by a dielectric filler material as will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .
  • the secondary resonant circuit constituted by the coil 11b and the capacitance 12b has a tuning frequency F s close to the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit.
  • the magnetic flux of frequency F ref generated by the inductor 11a and intercepted by the inductance 11b of the secondary circuit has the effect of generating a voltage across the winding 11b of the secondary circuit.
  • the impedance of the secondary resonant circuit is very low because the circuit operates close to its tuning frequency F s .
  • a sinusoidal voltage source is then available at the output of the secondary resonant circuit, of reduced amplitude with respect to the voltage measured across the winding 11b and of frequency substantially equal to the reference frequency F ref .
  • This voltage thus constitutes the energy source of the supply means 30.
  • These supply means 30 comprise, in known manner, a rectifier 31 intended to rectify the current and the voltage supplied by the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10.
  • a filter 32 mounted at the output of the rectifier 31 makes it possible to deliver a filtered voltage at the output 33 of the supply means 30, to an electrical device to be powered.
  • the supply means 30 also include regulating means at a desired target voltage for the powered electrical device.
  • the supply means 30 comprise a regulation circuit 34 cooperating with the rectifier 31, controlled to regulate the current and the voltage supplied.
  • the regulation circuit 34 controls the amplitude of the rectified voltage at the output of the rectifier 31 by acting on the load presented at the output of the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b.
  • the regulation circuit 34 is adapted to regulate the amplitude of the voltage of the power supply in the supply means 30 as a function of a predetermined threshold value.
  • the regulation circuit 34 is adapted to control short-circuit means 35 connected at the output of the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10.
  • These short-circuit means 35 may be formed of transistors and are, in this embodiment, integrated in the trainer 31 controlled by the regulation circuit 34.
  • the regulation circuit 34 forms regulating means adapted to compare the amplitude of the rectified voltage at the output of the controlled rectifier 31 with the predetermined threshold value and to short-circuit the output at the secondary of the isolation transformer 10 in case exceeding the predetermined threshold value.
  • the current in the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b and the voltage delivered at the output of the capacitor 12b then increases slightly, by the improvement of the overvoltage coefficient due to the decrease of the load apparent resistive formed by the rectifier 31 and its load (that is to say, the output filter 32 connected at the output 33 to the powered electrical device).
  • the rectifier 31 is then no longer supplied with energy and the supply means 30 supply the energy output to the electrical device 33 thanks to the energy stored in the output filter 32.
  • the short-circuit means 35 are deactivated so that the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10 is again connected to the rectifier 31, the electric current being again delivered at the input of the supply means 30.
  • the regulation of the output voltage 33 of the supply means 30 is entirely performed at the secondary of the isolation transformer 10, without requiring the feedback conventionally implemented on the transformers, by cutting at the level of the primary power supply. isolation transformer.
  • This secondary regulation is made possible in particular due to the absence of a magnetic coupling material between the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b.
  • the value of the primary and secondary inductances is variable with the temperature, due to the variation of the permeability of the magnetic material with temperature.
  • the electronic measuring device is thus adapted to measure the current and / or the voltage delivered, and may further comprise calculating means making it possible, from this current and this voltage, to calculate the electrical energy consumed.
  • the invention is not limited to such an electronic measuring device but can be applied to any type of electrical or electronic device.
  • this electronic measuring device can be more or less sophisticated and may comprise, for example, in addition to measuring and counting means of electrical energy, remote reading means for remotely addressing energy consumption. thus measured.
  • figure 2 an electronic device for measuring voltage delivered by a catenary line (not shown in FIG. figure 2 ).
  • the isolation device 40 is mounted on the roof 41 of a railway vehicle.
  • This isolation device is in the form of a foot disposed between the roof 41 of the railway vehicle and a socket structure connected to the catenary line, and for example a high-voltage bar or a pantograph 42.
  • the isolation device 40 comprises by way of non-limiting example in this embodiment a base portion 43 of the isolation device and a top portion 44 of the isolation device 40, the base portion 43 being connected to the roof 41 of the railway vehicle and the crown portion 44 being connected to the high-voltage bar or pantograph 42.
  • An intermediate portion 47 extends between the base portion 43 and the crown portion 44.
  • This isolation device structure thus constitutes a housing in which the isolation transformer 10 previously described is housed.
  • the isolation transformer 10 and in particular the primary inductance 11a and secondary 11b are embedded in a dielectric material inside the housing 40.
  • this insulating material may be a silicone resin.
  • the elements thus extending between the windings 11a, 11b and through the latter must be insensitive to the magnetic field, that is to say they must not be influenced or slightly influenced by the presence of the magnetic field existing between the windings of the isolation transformer 10.
  • the measuring device 50 comprises an input line 48 making it possible to connect the measuring device 50 to other devices referenced to the potential of the catenary line, such as a current sensor, or else to a system of communication and / or geolocation GSM / GPS (acronym for English terms Global Systems for Mobile Communications / Global Positioning Systems).
  • the element passing through the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b is an element connected to the measuring device 50 fed by the supply means 30.
  • a voltage measuring device can be integrated inside the isolation device 40.
  • At least one resistor 52 of the resistive voltage divider is mounted through the primary inductance means 11a, 11b.
  • This resistor 52 is for example of elongated shape and extends along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the windings 11a, 11b, in the height of the head 47 of the isolation device 40.
  • the resistor 52 passes through both the primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b, in the free space in the center of the coils 11a, 11b.
  • this resistor 52 is preferably made of ceramic and the design of its resistive element is insensitive to the magnetic field.
  • any other element insensitive to the magnetic field could be placed in this free space between the windings 11a, 11b and in the center of these coils.
  • a transmission line 55 is furthermore provided for transmitting, in isolation, the measurements made at the level of the measuring device 50 to an equipment of the railway vehicle.
  • the transmission line 55 may very generally be an optical waveguide or another communication medium (transponder, radiofrequency transmitter / receiver).
  • the measuring device 50 comprises means for transmitting signals.
  • the transmission line 55 is connected to a receiver 56 of the signal which is then output 57 to equipment provided for this purpose of the railway vehicle.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'isolement haute tension de moyens d'alimentation d'un dispositif électrique connecté à un potentiel haute tension.The present invention relates to a device for high voltage isolation of power supply means of an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential.

Elle trouve notamment son application dans l'alimentation de nombreux dispositifs électriques, tels que des dispositifs électroniques composés de capteurs ou des appareils de coupure et de protection électrique.It finds particular application in the power of many electrical devices, such as electronic devices consisting of sensors or devices for cutting and electrical protection.

Plus particulièrement, un tel dispositif d'isolement haute tension est utilisé en partie supérieure de la toiture d'un matériel roulant ferroviaire pour l'alimentation d'un dispositif électronique connecté à un potentiel haute tension délivré par une ligne caténaire.More particularly, such a high voltage isolation device is used in the upper part of the roof of a railway rolling stock for the supply of an electronic device connected to a high voltage potential delivered by a catenary line.

Classiquement, une ligne caténaire peut présenter diverses tensions suivant le réseau ferroviaire, par exemple de 1500 V ou de 3000 V lorsqu'il s'agit d'une ligne caténaire à courant continu ou de 15000 V ou 25000 V lorsqu'il s'agit d'une ligne caténaire à courant alternatif.Conventionally, a catenary line may have various voltages depending on the rail network, for example 1500 V or 3000 V when it is a catenary line DC or 15000 V or 25000 V when it comes of a catenary AC line.

Les dispositifs électriques reliés à une ligne caténaire doivent alors être isolés à des niveaux de tension bien supérieurs pour présenter une marge de sécurité et une fiabilité satisfaisante lors du fonctionnement du véhicule ferroviaire.Electrical devices connected to a catenary line must then be isolated at much higher voltage levels to provide a margin of safety and satisfactory reliability during operation of the railway vehicle.

Dans la mesure où le dispositif électrique est référencé au potentiel de la ligne caténaire, les moyens d'alimentation d'un tel dispositif électrique, à partir d'une alimentation électrique basse tension, typiquement prise à partir de la batterie du véhicule ferroviaire, doivent être isolés.Insofar as the electrical device is referenced to the potential of the catenary line, the supply means of such an electrical device, from a low voltage power supply, typically taken from the battery of the railway vehicle, must to be isolated.

Un transformateur d'isolement, tel que décrit par exemple par le document EP 1 947 465 au nom de la Demanderesse, est ainsi prévu, relié d'une part à une source électrique basse tension et d'autre part aux moyens d'alimentation du dispositif électrique.An isolation transformer, as described for example by the document EP 1 947 465 in the name of the Applicant, is thus provided, connected on the one hand to a low voltage electrical source and on the other hand to the power supply means of the electrical device.

Toutefois, cette solution présente l'inconvénient de recourir à un transformateur d'isolement présentant un volume et une masse importants dans le dispositif d'isolement haute tension.However, this solution has the disadvantage of using an isolation transformer having a large volume and mass in the high voltage isolation device.

On connaît également un dispositif d'isolement haute tension dans le document DE 102004042101 , comportant un transformateur d'isolement pour alimenter des moyens d'alimentation d'un dispositif électrique connecté à un potentiel haute tension.A high voltage isolation device is also known in the document DE 102004042101 , comprising an isolating transformer for supplying power supply means to an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif d'isolement haute tension de masse et volume réduits et dont l'espace intérieur peut être optimisé.The object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage isolation device of reduced mass and volume and whose interior space can be optimized.

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un dispositif d'isolement haute tension de moyens d'alimentation d'un dispositif électrique connecté à un potentiel haute tension, comportant un transformateur d'isolement adapté à alimenter les moyens d'alimentation, le transformateur d'isolement comprenant un moyen d'inductance primaire et un moyen d'inductance secondaire disposés en regard l'un de l'autre, à une distance fixe prédéterminée de manière à coupler magnétiquement le moyen d'inductance primaire et le moyen d'inductance secondaire.For this purpose, the present invention relates to a device for high voltage isolation of power supply means for an electrical device connected to a high voltage potential, comprising an isolating transformer adapted to supply the power supply means, the transformer for isolation comprising a primary inductance means and a secondary inductance means disposed opposite one another at a predetermined fixed distance so as to magnetically couple the primary inductance means and the secondary inductance means .

Selon l'invention, le transformateur d'isolement est un transformateur sans noyau magnétique, au moins un élément insensible au champ magnétique s'étendant au travers desdits moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire.According to the invention, the isolation transformer is a transformer without a magnetic core, at least one magnetic field insensitive element extending through said primary and secondary inductance means.

Ainsi, l'invention prévoit d'utiliser un transformateur sans noyau magnétique selon un montage fixe des moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire, en regard l'un de l'autre.Thus, the invention provides for the use of a transformer without a magnetic core according to a fixed arrangement of the primary and secondary inductance means facing one another.

Un tel transformateur sans noyau magnétique est utilisé classiquement pour le chargement d'appareils mobiles, du type téléphone portable, en tirant partie de la mobilité relative des moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire qui peuvent être intégrés séparément l'un dans une base de chargement et l'autre dans l'appareil mobile et être placés en vis-à-vis lorsque l'appareil mobile est placé sur la base de chargement.Such a transformer without a magnetic core is conventionally used for charging mobile devices of the mobile phone type, taking advantage of the relative mobility of the primary and secondary inductance means which can be integrated separately into a charging base. and the other in the mobile device and be placed vis-a-vis when the mobile device is placed on the charging base.

Grâce à l'utilisation selon un montage fixe d'un transformateur sans noyau, il est possible de libérer un espace important dans le dispositif d'isolement haute tension, espace traditionnellement occupé par le matériau magnétique de couplage des moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire d'un transformateur à noyau.Thanks to the fixed-mounted use of a coreless transformer, it is possible to free up a large space in the device high voltage insulation, space traditionally occupied by the magnetic coupling material of the primary and secondary inductance means of a core transformer.

Cet espace est ainsi occupé par un ou plusieurs éléments du dispositif d'isolement, insensibles au champ magnétique, qui s'étendent en traversant les moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire, permettant ainsi d'optimiser la place occupée par les différents éléments du dispositif d'isolement.This space is thus occupied by one or more elements of the isolation device, insensitive to the magnetic field, which extend through the primary and secondary inductance means, thereby optimizing the space occupied by the various elements of the device. isolation.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le moyen d'inductance primaire et le moyen d'inductance secondaire sont constitués respectivement d'un bobinage d'une ou plusieurs spires, ledit au moins un élément insensible au champ magnétique étant logé dans un espace s'étendant au centre des bobinages.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the primary inductance means and the secondary inductance means consist respectively of a winding of one or more turns, said at least one element insensitive to the magnetic field being housed in a space extending to the center of the windings.

Ainsi, grâce à l'espace libéré par l'absence de noyau magnétique couplant les bobinages des moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire, il est possible de disposer des éléments divers traversant les bobinages en leur centre.Thus, thanks to the space freed by the absence of a magnetic core coupling the windings of the primary and secondary inductance means, it is possible to have various elements passing through the windings in their center.

L'aménagement intérieur du dispositif d'isolement haute tension est ainsi optimisé pour loger différents types d'équipement dans la mesure où ceux-ci sont peu ou pas sensibles au champ magnétique auquel ils sont soumis lorsqu'ils sont disposés entre les moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire du transformateur d'isolement.The interior arrangement of the high voltage insulation device is thus optimized to accommodate different types of equipment insofar as these are little or not sensitive to the magnetic field to which they are subjected when they are arranged between the means of primary and secondary inductance of the isolation transformer.

En pratique, ledit au moins un élément est connecté au dispositif électrique.In practice, said at least one element is connected to the electrical device.

Selon un mode de réalisation pratique de l'invention, le dispositif d'isolement haute tension comporte un boîtier, le transformateur d'isolement étant logé dans le boîtier et les moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire étant noyés dans un matériau diélectrique à l'intérieur de ce boîtier.According to a practical embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage isolation device comprises a housing, the isolation transformer being housed in the housing and the primary and secondary inductance means being embedded in a dielectric material at the housing. inside of this case.

Le montage à distance fixe prédéterminée des moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire peut ainsi être obtenu simplement, en noyant ces moyens d'inductance directement dans un matériau diélectrique.The predetermined fixed distance mounting of the primary and secondary inductance means can thus be obtained simply by embedding these inductance means directly in a dielectric material.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les moyens d'alimentation comportent des moyens de régulation adaptés à réguler l'amplitude de la tension de l'alimentation électrique dans les moyens d'alimentation en fonction d'une valeur seuil prédéterminée, les moyens de régulation étant adaptés à commander des moyens de court-circuit connectés en sorte d'un circuit résonnant secondaire du transformateur d'isolement.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the supply means comprise regulating means adapted to regulate the amplitude of the voltage of the power supply in the supply means as a function of a predetermined threshold value, the means of control being adapted to control short-circuit means connected to a secondary resonant circuit of the isolation transformer.

Ainsi, la régulation de la tension de sortie du transformateur d'isolement est réalisée au niveau du circuit résonnant secondaire du dispositif, grâce aux moyens d'alimentation intégrant les moyens de régulation.Thus, the regulation of the output voltage of the isolation transformer is carried out at the level of the secondary resonant circuit of the device, thanks to the supply means integrating the regulation means.

Une telle régulation évite de mettre en oeuvre une rétroaction au niveau de l'alimentation du circuit résonnant primaire du transformateur d'isolement.Such a regulation avoids to implement feedback at the power supply of the primary resonant circuit of the isolation transformer.

Cette régulation au niveau du secondaire du transformateur d'isolement peut être réalisée de manière fiable dès lors que l'absence de matériau magnétique ou noyau couplant les moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire du transformateur d'isolement permet d'obtenir la stabilité en température et dans le temps de ce transformateur d'isolement.This regulation at the secondary level of the isolation transformer can be achieved reliably if the absence of magnetic material or core coupling the primary and secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer makes it possible to obtain the temperature stability and in the time of this isolation transformer.

Dans un mode d'application préféré, le transformateur d'isolement est adapté à alimenter des moyens d'alimentation d'un dispositif électronique de mesure d'au moins une grandeur électrique, une ligne de transmission de signaux de mesure de cette grandeur électrique s'étendant dans le dispositif d'isolement haute tension, au travers dudit moyen d'inductance primaire et dudit moyen d'inductance secondaire du transformateur d'isolement.In a preferred embodiment, the isolation transformer is adapted to supply power supply means for an electronic device for measuring at least one electrical quantity, a transmission line for measuring signals of this electrical quantity. extending into the high voltage isolation device, through said primary inductance means and said secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer.

Grâce au transformateur d'isolement sans noyau magnétique, il est possible de faire passer au travers des moyens d'inductance une ligne de transmission de signaux entre le dispositif électrique et un dispositif de réception de ces signaux en vue de leur utilisation.Thanks to the isolation transformer without magnetic core, it is possible to pass through a means of inductance a signal transmission line between the electrical device and a device for receiving these signals for use.

De manière avantageuse, lorsque le dispositif électronique comprend des moyens de mesure d'une tension d'un courant électrique à haute tension, comportant un diviseur de tension résistif, au moins une résistance du diviseur de tension résistif s'étend au travers dudit moyen d'inductance primaire et dudit moyen d'inductance secondaire du transformateur d'isolement.Advantageously, when the electronic device comprises means for measuring a voltage of a high-voltage electrical current, comprising a resistive voltage divider, at least one resistor of the resistive voltage divider extends through said resistive voltage divider. primary inductance and said secondary inductance means of the isolation transformer.

Le dispositif d'isolement haute tension selon l'invention permet ainsi également de loger une résistance au travers des moyens d'inductance, grâce à l'absence de matériau magnétique couplant ces moyens d'inductance.The high voltage isolation device according to the invention thus also makes it possible to house a resistor through the inductance means, thanks to the absence of magnetic material coupling these inductance means.

Selon un second aspect, l'invention vise également l'utilisation du dispositif d'isolement haute tension décrit précédemment, en association avec un dispositif électronique de mesure du courant et/ou de la tension et/ou de l'énergie électrique délivré par une ligne caténaire et consommé par une chaine de traction d'un véhicule ferroviaire.According to a second aspect, the invention also aims at the use of the high-voltage isolation device described above, in association with an electronic device for measuring the current and / or the voltage and / or the electrical energy delivered by a device. catenary line and consumed by a traction chain of a railway vehicle.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma bloc illustrant un dispositif d'isolement haute tension selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 2 est un schéma illustrant l'utilisation d'un dispositif d'isolement haute tension selon l'invention en association avec un dispositif électronique de mesure.
In the accompanying drawings, given as non-limiting examples:
  • the figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating a high voltage isolation device according to one embodiment of the invention; and
  • the figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the use of a high voltage isolation device according to the invention in association with an electronic measuring device.

On va décrire tout d'abord en référence à la figure 1 un dispositif d'isolement haute tension selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.We will first describe with reference to the figure 1 a high voltage isolation device according to one embodiment of the invention.

Dans son principe, le dispositif d'isolement illustré à la figure 1 comporte un transformateur d'isolement 10 adapté à alimenter des moyens d'alimentation qui se seront décrits ultérieurement et qui sont destinés à alimenter un dispositif électrique (non représenté à la figure 1) connecté à un potentiel haute tension.In principle, the isolation device illustrated in figure 1 comprises an isolation transformer 10 adapted to supply power supply means which will be described later and which are intended to supply an electrical device (not shown in FIG. figure 1 ) connected to a high voltage potential.

Le transformateur d'isolement 10 est un transformateur sans noyau magnétique comprenant un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire.The isolation transformer 10 is a transformer without a magnetic core comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit.

Chaque circuit primaire ou secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10 est constitué d'un circuit résonnant série comprenant un moyen d'inductance monté en série avec une capacité.Each primary or secondary circuit of the isolation transformer 10 consists of a series resonant circuit comprising an inductance means connected in series with a capacitance.

En pratique, le transformateur d'isolement 10 illustré à la figure 1 comprend un moyen d'inductance primaire 11a et un moyen d'inductance secondaire 11b.In practice, the isolation transformer 10 illustrated in FIG. figure 1 comprises a primary inductance means 11a and a secondary inductance means 11b.

Le moyen d'inductance primaire 11a est connecté en série à une capacité 12a du circuit primaire et le moyen d'inductance secondaire 11b est connecté en série à une capacité 12b du circuit secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10.The primary inductance means 11a is connected in series with a capacitance 12a of the primary circuit and the secondary inductance means 11b is connected in series with a capacitance 12b of the secondary circuit of the isolation transformer 10.

Le moyen d'inductance primaire 11a et le moyen d'inductance secondaire 11b sont disposés en regard l'un de l'autre de manière à être couplés magnétiquement sans la présence d'un noyau magnétique.The primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b are arranged facing one another so as to be coupled magnetically without the presence of a magnetic core.

La distance D séparant les moyens d'inductance primaire et secondaire 11a, 11b est fixe et prédéterminée de manière à réaliser le couplage magnétique.The distance D between the primary and secondary inductance means 11a, 11b is fixed and predetermined so as to achieve the magnetic coupling.

Cette distance D est choisie de manière à respecter les contraintes d'isolement du transformateur 10, de décharge partielle et de couplage entre les deux circuits résonnant, c'est-à-dire le circuit primaire 11a, 12a et le circuit secondaire 11b, 12b.This distance D is chosen so as to respect the isolation constraints of the transformer 10, partial discharge and coupling between the two resonant circuits, that is to say the primary circuit 11a, 12a and the secondary circuit 11b, 12b .

Cette distance D séparant les moyens d'inductance 11a, 11b est de quelques centimètres, et par exemple est comprise entre 2 et 10 cm, et de préférence entre 3 et 5 cm.This distance D separating the inductance means 11a, 11b is a few centimeters, and for example is between 2 and 10 cm, and preferably between 3 and 5 cm.

Comme bien illustré à la figure 1 dans ce mode de réalisation, le moyen d'inductance primaire 11a et le moyen d'inductance secondaire 11b sont constitués respectivement d'un bobinage, ici de plusieurs spires.As well illustrated at the figure 1 in this embodiment, the primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b consist respectively of a winding, here of several turns.

Bien entendu, ce bobinage peut être de formes quelconques dans un plan. Ici, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, ce bobinage est de forme annulaire.Of course, this winding can be of any shape in a plane. Here, by way of non-limiting example, this coil is annular.

Afin de favoriser le couplage magnétique et le transfert d'énergie dans le transformateur d'isolement, chaque bobinage 11a, 11b occupe une surface maximale en fonction de la place disponible dans le dispositif d'isolement.In order to promote magnetic coupling and energy transfer in the isolation transformer, each winding 11a, 11b occupies a maximum area depending on the space available in the isolation device.

Par ailleurs, la largeur e des spires du bobinage dans son plan est relativement faible par rapport au rayon r de chaque bobinage 11a, 11b.Moreover, the width e of the turns of the winding in its plane is relatively small compared to the radius r of each winding 11a, 11b.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la largeur e des spires (ou diamètre dans le cas d'une spire unique) est comprise entre 0,5 et 3 cm, et de préférence égale à 1 cm environ.By way of non-limiting example, the width e of the turns (or diameter in the case of a single turn) is between 0.5 and 3 cm, and preferably equal to about 1 cm.

Le rayon r du bobinage est compris entre 3 et 10 cm, et de préférence entre 5 et 8 cm.The radius r of the winding is between 3 and 10 cm, and preferably between 5 and 8 cm.

Ainsi, un espace libre important est créé au centre de chaque bobinage 11a, 11b.Thus, a large free space is created in the center of each winding 11a, 11b.

Comme cela sera décrit plus précisément en référence à la figure 2, un espace libre est ainsi disponible entre les bobinages 11a, 11b et au centre de ces bobinages 11a, 11b.As will be described more precisely with reference to the figure 2 , a free space is thus available between the windings 11a, 11b and in the center of these windings 11a, 11b.

Cet espace libre peut être mis à profit pour la disposition d'un ou plusieurs éléments insensibles au champ magnétique créé par les moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b. Ces éléments, dont des exemples seront décrits en référence à la figure 2, peuvent s'étendre au travers des moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b, c'est-à-dire dans le mode de réalisation illustré, en traversant l'espace libre au centre des bobinages 11a, 11b.This free space can be used for the provision of one or more elements insensitive to the magnetic field created by the primary inductance means 11a and 11b secondary. These elements, examples of which will be described with reference to the figure 2 , can extend through the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b, that is to say in the illustrated embodiment, through the free space in the center of the windings 11a, 11b.

Le transformateur d'isolement 10 est connecté, en entrée du circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a, à un circuit électronique de commande 20, destiné à alimenter ce circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a à partir de l'énergie électrique appliquée en entrée.The isolation transformer 10 is connected, at the input of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a, to an electronic control circuit 20, for supplying this primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a from the input electrical energy.

En pratique, le circuit électrique de commande 20 comporte en entrée une alimentation 21 reliée à une source d'énergie électrique (non représentée).In practice, the electrical control circuit 20 has as input a power supply 21 connected to a source of electrical energy (not shown).

Cette source d'énergie électrique peut être quelconque, et par exemple, dans une application embarquée sur un véhicule ferroviaire, elle peut provenir d'une tension continue (basse tension) correspondant à la tension à bord du véhicule.This source of electrical energy can be arbitrary, and for example, in an application on board a railway vehicle, it can come from a DC voltage (low voltage) corresponding to the voltage on board the vehicle.

Le circuit électronique de commande 20 comporte à cet effet un filtre d'entrée 22 destiné à filtrer et redresser de façon connue l'énergie électrique alimentant le circuit électronique de commande 20.The electronic control circuit 20 comprises for this purpose an input filter 22 for filtering and rectifying in known manner the electrical energy supplying the electronic control circuit 20.

Elle est ensuite mise à niveau et/ou régulée et/ou isolée par une alimentation 23 qui peut fournir ainsi classiquement les tensions intermédiaires nécessaires au fonctionnement des éléments internes du circuit électronique 20.It is then leveled and / or regulated and / or isolated by a power supply 23 which can thus conventionally provide the intermediate voltages necessary for the operation of the internal elements of the electronic circuit 20.

Cette mise à niveau et régulation permet de disposer d'une tension de valeur déterminée et fixe quelles que soient les variations de la tension d'alimentation du véhicule.This leveling and regulation makes it possible to have a determined and fixed value voltage whatever the variations of the supply voltage of the vehicle.

Par ailleurs, l'isolement permet de protéger l'alimentation 21 en cas de défaut d'isolement du dispositif d'isolement.Furthermore, the isolation protects the power supply 21 in the event of insulation fault of the isolation device.

En outre, un oscillateur 24 à fréquence fixe et stable, par exemple à base de quartz, fournit une fréquence de référence Fref à un amplificateur 25 monté en sortie de l'alimentation 23.In addition, a fixed and stable frequency oscillator 24, for example based on quartz, provides a reference frequency F ref to an amplifier 25 mounted at the output of the power supply 23.

L'amplificateur 25 fournit un signal alternatif dont le contenu spectral contient la fréquence d'accord Fp du circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a du transformateur d'isolement 10.The amplifier 25 provides an alternating signal whose spectral content contains the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a of the isolation transformer 10.

Le signal de puissance en sortie de l'amplificateur 25 comporte ainsi une composante significative à la fréquence de référence Fref désirée pour le circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a.The power signal at the output of the amplifier 25 thus comprises a significant component at the reference frequency F ref desired for the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a.

En pratique, un signal carré de puissance peut être généré à l'aide d'un pont complet à transistor commandé avec un rapport cyclique de 50%.In practice, a square power signal can be generated using a complete transistor-controlled bridge with a duty cycle of 50%.

Ce circuit électronique de commande 20 alimentant le circuit primaire du transformateur d'isolement 10 est classique et n'a pas besoin d'être décrit plus en détail ici.This electronic control circuit 20 supplying the primary circuit of the isolation transformer 10 is conventional and need not be described in more detail here.

Le circuit résonnant primaire, constitué de la capacité 12a et du bobinage 11a possède une fréquence d'accord Fp voisine de la fréquence de référence Fref de l'oscillateur 24.The primary resonant circuit consisting of the capacitance 12a and the coil 11a has a tuning frequency F p close to the reference frequency F ref of the oscillator 24.

Lors du fonctionnement de l'amplificateur 25 contrôlé par l'oscillateur 24, le circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a est excité à la fréquence de référence Fref, c'est-à-dire au voisinage proche de sa fréquence d'accord Fp.During operation of the amplifier 25 controlled by the oscillator 24, the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a is excited at the reference frequency F ref , that is to say close to its tuning frequency F p .

Une surtension significative, dépendant entre autre du facteur de qualité du circuit résonnant constitué par le montage en série du bobinage 11a et de la capacité 12a, apparaît aux bornes du bobinage 11a.A significant overvoltage, depending inter alia on the quality factor of the resonant circuit constituted by the series connection of the winding 11a and the capacitance 12a, appears across the winding 11a.

La forme de la tension apparaissant ainsi aux bornes du bobinage 11a est la somme d'une sinusoïde d'amplitude importante à la fréquence de référence Fref et du signal de sortie de l'amplificateur 25.The form of the voltage thus appearing across the winding 11a is the sum of a sinusoid of large amplitude at the reference frequency F ref and the output signal of the amplifier 25.

Un flux magnétique de fréquence Fref est ainsi généré, son amplitude étant conditionnée par le facteur de surtension du circuit résonnant primaire.A magnetic flux of frequency F ref is thus generated, its amplitude being conditioned by the overvoltage factor of the primary resonant circuit.

De manière connue, le courant primaire Ip est maximal à la fréquence d'accord Fp du circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a.In known manner, the primary current I p is maximum at the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a.

Le flux généré par le bobinage 11a du circuit primaire est intercepté partiellement par l'induit du circuit secondaire constitué par le bobinage 11b.The flux generated by the winding 11a of the primary circuit is partially intercepted by the armature of the secondary circuit formed by the winding 11b.

Comme décrit précédemment, le flux n'est pas guidé par un circuit magnétique, mais est dépendant de la distance D séparant les bobinages 11a, 11b.As described above, the flux is not guided by a magnetic circuit, but is dependent on the distance D separating the windings 11a, 11b.

Le matériau isolant électriquement les bobinages 11a, 11b n'a pas d'effet sur le flux magnétique généré par le bobinage 11a du circuit résonnant primaire, que cet isolement soit réalisé par de l'air ou par un matériau diélectrique de remplissage comme cela sera décrit ultérieurement en référence à la figure 2.The electrically insulating material of the windings 11a, 11b has no effect on the magnetic flux generated by the winding 11a of the primary resonant circuit, whether this insulation is made by air or by a dielectric filler material as will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .

Le circuit résonnant secondaire constitué du bobinage 11b et de la capacité 12b possède une fréquence d'accord Fs voisine de la fréquence d'accord Fp du circuit résonnant primaire.The secondary resonant circuit constituted by the coil 11b and the capacitance 12b has a tuning frequency F s close to the tuning frequency F p of the primary resonant circuit.

Ses caractéristiques sont choisies de manière à être identiques à celles du circuit résonnant primaire 11a, 12a.Its characteristics are chosen so as to be identical to those of the primary resonant circuit 11a, 12a.

Ainsi, le flux magnétique de fréquence Fref généré par l'inductance 11a et intercepté par l'inductance 11b du circuit secondaire a pour conséquence de générer une tension aux bornes du bobinage 11b du circuit secondaire.Thus, the magnetic flux of frequency F ref generated by the inductor 11a and intercepted by the inductance 11b of the secondary circuit has the effect of generating a voltage across the winding 11b of the secondary circuit.

A la fréquence de référence Fref, l'impédance du circuit résonnant secondaire est très faible car le circuit fonctionne proche de sa fréquence d'accord Fs.At the reference frequency F ref , the impedance of the secondary resonant circuit is very low because the circuit operates close to its tuning frequency F s .

On dispose alors d'une source de tension sinusoïdale en sortie du circuit résonnant secondaire, d'amplitude réduite par rapport à la tension mesurée aux bornes du bobinage 11b et de fréquence sensiblement égale à la fréquence de référence Fref.A sinusoidal voltage source is then available at the output of the secondary resonant circuit, of reduced amplitude with respect to the voltage measured across the winding 11b and of frequency substantially equal to the reference frequency F ref .

Cette tension constitue ainsi la source d'énergie des moyens d'alimentation 30.This voltage thus constitutes the energy source of the supply means 30.

Ces moyens d'alimentation 30 comportent de manière connue un redresseur 31 destiné à redresser le courant et la tension fournis par le circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b du transformateur d'isolement 10.These supply means 30 comprise, in known manner, a rectifier 31 intended to rectify the current and the voltage supplied by the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10.

Par ailleurs, un filtre 32 monté en sortie du redresseur 31 permet de délivrer une tension filtrée en sortie 33 des moyens d'alimentation 30, à destination d'un dispositif électrique à alimenter.Furthermore, a filter 32 mounted at the output of the rectifier 31 makes it possible to deliver a filtered voltage at the output 33 of the supply means 30, to an electrical device to be powered.

De préférence, comme décrit ici, les moyens d'alimentation 30 comportent également des moyens de régulation à une tension de consigne souhaitée pour le dispositif électrique alimenté.Preferably, as described herein, the supply means 30 also include regulating means at a desired target voltage for the powered electrical device.

En pratique, les moyens d'alimentation 30 comportent un circuit de régulation 34 coopérant avec le redresseur 31, commandé pour réguler le courant et la tension fournis.In practice, the supply means 30 comprise a regulation circuit 34 cooperating with the rectifier 31, controlled to regulate the current and the voltage supplied.

Plus précisément, le circuit de régulation 34 contrôle l'amplitude de la tension redressée en sortie du redresseur 31 en agissant sur la charge présentée à la sortie du circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b.More precisely, the regulation circuit 34 controls the amplitude of the rectified voltage at the output of the rectifier 31 by acting on the load presented at the output of the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b.

Ainsi, le circuit de régulation 34 est adapté à réguler l'amplitude de la tension de l'alimentation électrique dans les moyens d'alimentation 30 en fonction d'une valeur seuil prédéterminée.Thus, the regulation circuit 34 is adapted to regulate the amplitude of the voltage of the power supply in the supply means 30 as a function of a predetermined threshold value.

Lorsque la tension dépasse cette valeur seuil prédéterminée, le circuit de régulation 34 est adapté à commander des moyens de court-circuit 35 connectés en sortie du circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b du transformateur d'isolement 10.When the voltage exceeds this predetermined threshold value, the regulation circuit 34 is adapted to control short-circuit means 35 connected at the output of the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10.

Ces moyens de court-circuit 35 peuvent être formés de transistors et sont, dans ce mode de réalisation, intégrés dans le dresseur 31 commandé par le circuit de régulation 34.These short-circuit means 35 may be formed of transistors and are, in this embodiment, integrated in the trainer 31 controlled by the regulation circuit 34.

Ainsi, le circuit de régulation 34 forme des moyens de régulation adaptés à comparer l'amplitude de la tension redressée en sortie du redresseur commandé 31 avec la valeur seuil prédéterminée et à court-circuiter la sortie au secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10 en cas de dépassement de la valeur seuil prédéterminée.Thus, the regulation circuit 34 forms regulating means adapted to compare the amplitude of the rectified voltage at the output of the controlled rectifier 31 with the predetermined threshold value and to short-circuit the output at the secondary of the isolation transformer 10 in case exceeding the predetermined threshold value.

Lorsque la sortie au secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10 est court-circuitée, le courant dans le circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b et la tension délivrée en sortie de la capacité 12b augmente alors légèrement, par l'amélioration du coefficient de surtension dû à la diminution de la charge résistive apparente constituée par le redresseur 31 et sa charge (c'est-à-dire ici le filtre de sortie 32 relié en sortie 33 au dispositif électrique alimenté).When the secondary output of the isolation transformer 10 is short-circuited, the current in the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b and the voltage delivered at the output of the capacitor 12b then increases slightly, by the improvement of the overvoltage coefficient due to the decrease of the load apparent resistive formed by the rectifier 31 and its load (that is to say, the output filter 32 connected at the output 33 to the powered electrical device).

Le redresseur 31 n'est alors plus alimenté en énergie et les moyens d'alimentation 30 fournissent l'énergie en sortie 33 au dispositif électrique grâce à l'énergie stockée dans le filtre de sortie 32.The rectifier 31 is then no longer supplied with energy and the supply means 30 supply the energy output to the electrical device 33 thanks to the energy stored in the output filter 32.

Grâce au montage série des moyens d'inductance 11b et de la capacité 12b du circuit résonnant secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10, il est possible d'utiliser des moyens de court-circuit 35 connectés au secondaire du transformateur sans surveiller la tension fournie par le circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b du transformateur d'isolement 10.Thanks to the series assembly of the inductance means 11b and the capacity 12b of the secondary resonant circuit of the isolation transformer 10, it is possible to use short-circuit means 35 connected to the secondary of the transformer without monitoring the voltage supplied by the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10.

A contrario, lorsque la tension redressée en sortie du redresseur commandé 31 est inférieure à une valeur seuil prédéterminée, les moyens de court-circuit 35 sont désactivés de telle sorte que le circuit résonnant secondaire 11b, 12b du transformateur d'isolement 10 est de nouveau connecté au redresseur 31, le courant électrique étant de nouveau délivré en entrée des moyens d'alimentation 30.On the other hand, when the rectified voltage at the output of the controlled rectifier 31 is lower than a predetermined threshold value, the short-circuit means 35 are deactivated so that the secondary resonant circuit 11b, 12b of the isolation transformer 10 is again connected to the rectifier 31, the electric current being again delivered at the input of the supply means 30.

Ainsi, la régulation de la tension en sortie 33 des moyens d'alimentation 30 est intégralement réalisée au secondaire du transformateur d'isolement 10, sans nécessiter la rétroaction classiquement mise en oeuvre sur les transformateurs, par découpage au niveau de l'alimentation au primaire du transformateur d'isolement.Thus, the regulation of the output voltage 33 of the supply means 30 is entirely performed at the secondary of the isolation transformer 10, without requiring the feedback conventionally implemented on the transformers, by cutting at the level of the primary power supply. isolation transformer.

Cette régulation au secondaire est rendue possible notamment du fait de l'absence d'un matériau magnétique de couplage entre les moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b.This secondary regulation is made possible in particular due to the absence of a magnetic coupling material between the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b.

En effet, dans un transformateur mettant en oeuvre un matériau magnétique pour favoriser le couplage magnétique des bobinages, la valeur des inductances primaire et secondaire est variable avec la température, du fait de la variation de la perméabilité du matériau magnétique avec la température.Indeed, in a transformer using a magnetic material to promote the magnetic coupling of the coils, the value of the primary and secondary inductances is variable with the temperature, due to the variation of the permeability of the magnetic material with temperature.

Ainsi, bien que la mise en oeuvre de ce mode de régulation secondaire soit possible avec un transformateur à noyau magnétique, elle est peu avantageuse car le noyau magnétique augmente le couplage et diminue les fuites.Thus, although the implementation of this secondary regulation mode is possible with a magnetic core transformer, it is not very advantageous because the magnetic core increases the coupling and reduces leakage.

Le fonctionnement du circuit en résonnance accordé est rendu difficile.The operation of the tuned resonance circuit is made difficult.

Ainsi, lors du court-circuit mis en oeuvre dans la régulation décrite précédemment, le courant dans le circuit secondaire et la tension délivrée en sortie augmenteraient très fortement, ce qui n'est pas le cas ici avec un transformateur d'isolement sans noyau.Thus, during the short circuit implemented in the regulation described above, the current in the secondary circuit and the output voltage would increase very strongly, which is not the case here with a coreless isolation transformer.

On va décrire à présent en référence à la figure 2 la mise en oeuvre d'un tel dispositif d'isolement en association avec un dispositif électronique de mesure, dans une application à un véhicule ferroviaire.We will now describe with reference to the figure 2 the implementation of such an isolation device in association with an electronic measuring device, in an application to a railway vehicle.

On souhaite fréquemment dans ce type d'application mesurer une grandeur électrique d'un signal électrique délivré par une ligne caténaire haute tension et consommé par une chaine de traction d'un véhicule ferroviaire.It is frequently desired in this type of application to measure an electrical quantity of an electrical signal delivered by a high-voltage catenary line and consumed by a traction chain of a railway vehicle.

En particulier, il est connu de mesurer le courant et/ou la tension délivrée par une ligne caténaire à un véhicule ferroviaire.In particular, it is known to measure the current and / or the voltage delivered by a catenary line to a railway vehicle.

Il est également souhaitable de pouvoir mesurer l'énergie électrique délivrée par cette ligne caténaire afin de connaître la consommation électrique en temps réel du véhicule ferroviaire circulant sur une voie.It is also desirable to be able to measure the electrical energy delivered by this catenary line in order to know the real-time power consumption of the rail vehicle traveling on a track.

Le dispositif électronique de mesure est ainsi adapté à mesurer le courant et/ou la tension délivrée, et peut en outre comporter des moyens de calcul permettant, à partir de ce courant et cette tension, de calculer l'énergie électrique consommée.The electronic measuring device is thus adapted to measure the current and / or the voltage delivered, and may further comprise calculating means making it possible, from this current and this voltage, to calculate the electrical energy consumed.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à un tel dispositif électronique de mesure mais peut s'appliquer à tout type de dispositif électrique ou électronique.Of course, the invention is not limited to such an electronic measuring device but can be applied to any type of electrical or electronic device.

Par ailleurs, ce dispositif électronique de mesure peut être plus ou moins perfectionné et peut comporter par exemple, outre des moyens de mesure et de comptage d'énergie électrique, des moyens de télé-relevé permettant d'adresser à distance la consommation d'énergie ainsi mesurée.Moreover, this electronic measuring device can be more or less sophisticated and may comprise, for example, in addition to measuring and counting means of electrical energy, remote reading means for remotely addressing energy consumption. thus measured.

On a illustré à titre d'exemple non limitatif à la figure 2, un dispositif électronique de mesure de tension délivrée par une ligne caténaire (non représentée à la figure 2).By way of non-limiting example, figure 2 , an electronic device for measuring voltage delivered by a catenary line (not shown in FIG. figure 2 ).

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'isolement 40 est monté sur la toiture 41 d'un véhicule ferroviaire.In this embodiment, the isolation device 40 is mounted on the roof 41 of a railway vehicle.

Ce dispositif d'isolement se présente sous la forme d'un pied disposé entre la toiture 41 du véhicule ferroviaire et une structure de prise de courant reliée à la ligne caténaire, et par exemple une barre haute tension ou un pantographe 42.This isolation device is in the form of a foot disposed between the roof 41 of the railway vehicle and a socket structure connected to the catenary line, and for example a high-voltage bar or a pantograph 42.

Le dispositif d'isolement 40 comporte à titre d'exemple non limitatif dans ce mode de réalisation une partie formant base 43 du dispositif d'isolement et une partie formant sommet 44 du dispositif d'isolement 40, la partie formant base 43 étant connectée à la toiture 41 du véhicule ferroviaire et la partie formant sommet 44 étant reliée à la barre haute tension ou pantographe 42.The isolation device 40 comprises by way of non-limiting example in this embodiment a base portion 43 of the isolation device and a top portion 44 of the isolation device 40, the base portion 43 being connected to the roof 41 of the railway vehicle and the crown portion 44 being connected to the high-voltage bar or pantograph 42.

Une partie intermédiaire 47, appelée tête du dispositif d'isolement 40, s'étend entre la partie formant base 43 et la partie formant sommet 44.An intermediate portion 47, called the head of the isolation device 40, extends between the base portion 43 and the crown portion 44.

Cette structure de dispositif d'isolement constitue ainsi un boîtier dans lequel le transformateur d'isolement 10 décrit précédemment est logé.This isolation device structure thus constitutes a housing in which the isolation transformer 10 previously described is housed.

Afin d'assurer la fonction d'isolement, le transformateur d'isolement 10, et notamment les moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b sont noyés dans un matériau diélectrique à l'intérieur du boîtier 40.In order to ensure the isolation function, the isolation transformer 10, and in particular the primary inductance 11a and secondary 11b are embedded in a dielectric material inside the housing 40.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, ce matériau isolant peut être une résine en silicone.By way of non-limiting example, this insulating material may be a silicone resin.

Les éléments communs à la figure 1 portent les mêmes références numériques et ne seront pas redécrits ici.The elements common to the figure 1 have the same numerical references and will not be rewritten here.

Comme expliqué précédemment, du fait de l'utilisation d'un transformateur d'isolement 10 sans noyau, plusieurs éléments peuvent s'étendre au travers des moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b du transformateur d'isolement 10.As previously explained, due to the use of a coreless isolation transformer, several elements can extend through the primary inductance 11a and secondary 11b of the isolation transformer 10.

Les éléments s'étendant ainsi entre les bobinages 11a, 11b et au travers de ces derniers doivent être insensibles au champ magnétique, c'est-à-dire ne pas être influencés ou peu influencés par la présence du champ magnétique existant entre les bobinages du transformateur d'isolement 10.The elements thus extending between the windings 11a, 11b and through the latter must be insensitive to the magnetic field, that is to say they must not be influenced or slightly influenced by the presence of the magnetic field existing between the windings of the isolation transformer 10.

On a illustré ici à la figure 2 en sortie des moyens d'alimentation 30 un dispositif électronique de mesure 50. Ce dispositif de mesure 50 est référencé au potentiel de la caténaire et alimenté par les moyens d'alimentation 30.We have illustrated here at figure 2 at the output of the supply means 30 an electronic measuring device 50. This measuring device 50 is referenced to the potential of the catenary and supplied by the supply means 30.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif de mesure 50 comporte une ligne d'entrée 48 permettant de connecter le dispositif de mesure 50 à d'autres dispositifs référencés au potentiel de la ligne caténaire, tel qu'un capteur de courant, ou encore à un système de communication et/ou géolocalisation GSM/GPS (acronyme des termes anglo-saxons Global Systems for Mobile communications/ Global Positioning Systems).In this embodiment, the measuring device 50 comprises an input line 48 making it possible to connect the measuring device 50 to other devices referenced to the potential of the catenary line, such as a current sensor, or else to a system of communication and / or geolocation GSM / GPS (acronym for English terms Global Systems for Mobile Communications / Global Positioning Systems).

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'élément traversant les moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et secondaire 11b est un élément connecté au dispositif de mesure 50 alimenté par les moyens d'alimentation 30.In this embodiment, the element passing through the primary inductance means 11a and secondary 11b is an element connected to the measuring device 50 fed by the supply means 30.

Par ailleurs, un dispositif de mesure de tension peut être intégré à l'intérieur du dispositif d'isolement 40.Moreover, a voltage measuring device can be integrated inside the isolation device 40.

Il est associé à un diviseur de tension résistif permettant de mesurer la tension délivrée par la ligne caténaire au travers de la barre haute tension ou pantographe 42.It is associated with a resistive voltage divider for measuring the voltage delivered by the catenary line through the high voltage bar or pantograph 42.

Comme bien illustré à la figure 2, au moins une résistance 52 du diviseur de tension résistif est montée au travers des moyens d'inductance primaire 11a, 11b.As well illustrated at the figure 2 at least one resistor 52 of the resistive voltage divider is mounted through the primary inductance means 11a, 11b.

Cette résistance 52 est par exemple de forme allongée et s'étend selon un axe perpendiculaire au plan des bobinages 11a, 11b, dans la hauteur de la tête 47 du dispositif d'isolement 40.This resistor 52 is for example of elongated shape and extends along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the windings 11a, 11b, in the height of the head 47 of the isolation device 40.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la résistance 52 traverse à la fois les moyens d'inductance primaire 11a et les moyens d'inductance secondaire 11b, dans l'espace libre ménagé au centre des bobinages 11a, 11b.In this embodiment, the resistor 52 passes through both the primary inductance means 11a and the secondary inductance means 11b, in the free space in the center of the coils 11a, 11b.

Afin d'assurer l'insensibilité au champ magnétique de cette résistance 52, elle est de préférence réalisée en céramique et le dessin de son élément résistif est insensible au champ magnétique.In order to ensure the insensitivity to the magnetic field of this resistor 52, it is preferably made of ceramic and the design of its resistive element is insensitive to the magnetic field.

Bien entendu, tout autre élément insensible au champ magnétique pourrait être placé dans cet espace libre entre les bobinages 11a, 11b et au centre de ces bobinages.Of course, any other element insensitive to the magnetic field could be placed in this free space between the windings 11a, 11b and in the center of these coils.

Ici, une ligne de transmission 55 est en outre prévue pour transmettre, de manière isolée, les mesures réalisées au niveau du dispositif de mesure 50 à un équipement du véhicule ferroviaire.Here, a transmission line 55 is furthermore provided for transmitting, in isolation, the measurements made at the level of the measuring device 50 to an equipment of the railway vehicle.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la ligne de transmission 55 peut être très généralement un guide d'onde optique ou un autre media de communication (transpondeur, émetteur/récepteur radiofréquence).In this embodiment, the transmission line 55 may very generally be an optical waveguide or another communication medium (transponder, radiofrequency transmitter / receiver).

A cet effet, le dispositif de mesure 50 comporte des moyens d'émission de signaux.For this purpose, the measuring device 50 comprises means for transmitting signals.

A contrario, la ligne de transmission 55 est reliée à un récepteur 56 du signal qui est ensuite fourni en sortie 57 à un équipement prévu à cet effet du véhicule ferroviaire.Conversely, the transmission line 55 is connected to a receiver 56 of the signal which is then output 57 to equipment provided for this purpose of the railway vehicle.

Le passage de cette ligne de transmission 55 au travers de la tête 47 du dispositif d'isolement 40 profite également de l'espace libre existant entre les bobinages 11a, 11b et en leur centre.The passage of this transmission line 55 through the head 47 of the isolation device 40 also takes advantage of the free space between the coils 11a, 11b and in their center.

Claims (10)

  1. A high-voltage isolator for the isolation of means (30) for supplying power to an electrical device (50) connected to a high-voltage potential, which isolator comprises an isolating transformer (10) suitable for supplying said power supply means (30), said isolating transformer (10) comprising a primary inductance means (11a) and a secondary inductance means (11b) placed facing each other a predetermined fixed distance (D) apart so as to magnetically couple said primary inductance means (11a) and said secondary inductance means (11b), characterized in that said isolating transformer (10) is an air-core transformer, at least one element (52, 55) insensitive to the magnetic field extending across said primary (11a) and secondary (11b) inductance means.
  2. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said primary inductance means (11a) and said secondary inductance means (11b) consist of respective winding (11a, 11b) of one or more turns, said at least one element (52, 55) insensitive to the magnetic field being housed in a space lying at the center of said windings (11a, 11b).
  3. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one element (52, 55) is connected to said electrical device (50).
  4. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said high-voltage isolator (40) includes a casing (43, 44, 47), said isolating transformer (10) being housed in said casing (43, 44, 47) and said primary (11a) and secondary (11b) inductance means being embedded in a dielectric inside said casing (43, 44, 47).
  5. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the power supply means (30) include regulating means (34) suitable for regulating the amplitude of the power supply voltage in said power supply means (30) as a function of a predetermined threshold, said regulating means (34) being suitable for controlling short-circuit means (35) connected at the output of a secondary resonant circuit (11b, 12b) of said isolating transformer (10).
  6. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that said power supply means (30) comprise, as input a rectifier (31) connected to the secondary resonant circuit (11b, 12b) of said isolating transformer (10), said regulating device (34) being suitable for comparing the amplitude of the rectified voltage as output by said rectifier (31) with said predetermined threshold value.
  7. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an isolating transformer (10) suitable for supplying power supply means (30) of an electronic measurement device (50) for measuring at least one electrical quantity, characterized in that a transmission line (55) for transmitting signals corresponding to the measurement of said electrical quantity extend, in the high-voltage isolator (40), across both said primary inductance means (11a) and said secondary inductance means (11b) of the isolating transformer (10).
  8. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, comprising an isolating transformer (10) suitable for supplying power supply means (30) of an electronic device (50) for measuring a voltage of a high-voltage electrical current, including a resistive voltage divider, characterized in that at least one resistor (52) of said resistive voltage divider extends across both said primary inductance means (11a) and said secondary inductance means (11b) of the isolating transformer (10).
  9. The high-voltage isolator as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said at least one resistor (52) is a ceramic resistor, the design of the resistive element of said resistor (52) being insensitive to the magnetic field.
  10. The use of the high-voltage isolator (40) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9 in combination with an electronic device (50) for measuring the current and/or the voltage and/or the electrical power delivered by a catenary line and consumed by a traction system of a railroad vehicle.
EP10742219.8A 2009-07-17 2010-07-07 Device for high-voltage isolation of means for supplying power to electrical device connected to high-voltage potential Active EP2454116B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0954971A FR2948075B1 (en) 2009-07-17 2009-07-17 DEVICE FOR HIGH VOLTAGE ISOLATION OF POWER SUPPLY MEANS OF AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE CONNECTED TO A HIGH VOLTAGE POTENTIAL
PCT/FR2010/051435 WO2011007081A2 (en) 2009-07-17 2010-07-07 Device for high-voltage isolation of means for supplying power to electrical device connected to high-voltage potential

Publications (2)

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EP2454116A2 EP2454116A2 (en) 2012-05-23
EP2454116B1 true EP2454116B1 (en) 2017-10-25

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CA (1) CA2768087A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2948075B1 (en)
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CN110436926A (en) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-12 西南交通大学 A kind of high conductivity pantograph carbon slide and preparation method thereof

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EP2857849B1 (en) 2013-10-01 2016-11-02 Sécheron SA Electrical voltage measuring apparatus

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CH543162A (en) * 1972-03-22 1973-10-15 Landis & Gyr Ag Coupling transformer
US5214392A (en) * 1988-11-08 1993-05-25 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd. Multilayered ceramic type electromagnetic coupler apparatus
EP0853300A3 (en) * 1996-12-17 1999-06-16 Schunk Bahntechnik Gmbh Current collector monitoring method
DE102004042101B4 (en) * 2004-08-30 2008-04-10 Deutsche Bahn Ag Energy supply and signal transmission for measuring technology at high voltage potential
FR2911541B1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2009-05-15 Faiveley Transp Sa DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE CURRENT CONSUMED BY A TRACTION CHAIN OF A RAIL VEHICLE.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110436926A (en) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-12 西南交通大学 A kind of high conductivity pantograph carbon slide and preparation method thereof
CN110436926B (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-04-06 西南交通大学 High-conductivity pantograph carbon slide plate and preparation method thereof

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FR2948075A1 (en) 2011-01-21
WO2011007081A3 (en) 2011-12-29
CA2768087A1 (en) 2011-01-20
EP2454116A2 (en) 2012-05-23
WO2011007081A2 (en) 2011-01-20
FR2948075B1 (en) 2011-08-19

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