EP2454054B1 - Parallax effect security element - Google Patents

Parallax effect security element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2454054B1
EP2454054B1 EP10740385.9A EP10740385A EP2454054B1 EP 2454054 B1 EP2454054 B1 EP 2454054B1 EP 10740385 A EP10740385 A EP 10740385A EP 2454054 B1 EP2454054 B1 EP 2454054B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security element
combined image
security
substrate
background
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10740385.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2454054A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi VINCENT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
Original Assignee
ArjoWiggins Security SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by ArjoWiggins Security SAS filed Critical ArjoWiggins Security SAS
Priority to PL10740385T priority Critical patent/PL2454054T3/en
Publication of EP2454054A1 publication Critical patent/EP2454054A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2454054B1 publication Critical patent/EP2454054B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/342—Moiré effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F3/03—Forms or constructions of security seals
    • G09F3/0305—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used
    • G09F3/0341—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having label sealing means
    • B42D2033/10—
    • B42D2035/16—
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B42D2035/24—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F2003/0276—Safety features, e.g. colour, prominent part, logo
    • G09F2003/0277—Tamper resistant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of security elements used for authentication and / or identification of articles, documents or various objects.
  • security elements applied on the surface or introduced in bulk or in windows in a security article, in particular a security article.
  • security document, or other object for example a label, packaging, especially for drugs, food, cosmetics, electronic parts or spare parts.
  • the security article may in particular be chosen from among a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.
  • a means of payment such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket
  • an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.
  • DE 10 2006 061905 discloses an optical system comprising a substrate, a revelation frame and images observable according to different angles of observation.
  • US 2007/0279697 discloses a security element having an optical system for producing a moire effect.
  • the object of the invention is, according to a first of its aspects, a security element according to claim 1 or 2.
  • the combined image may include at least two nested encoded images.
  • it comprises at least three nested coded images in order to accentuate the visual animation effect during successive observations of the coded images by changing the observation direction of the security element relative to the optical system.
  • the revelation of the coded images can be done by parallax effect.
  • the invention offers new possibilities to authenticate and / or identify an article or object carrying the security element, for example a security document.
  • the user can, by varying the inclination of the optical system, show a succession of images, which can create an animation effect for example.
  • the revelation frame may allow the human eye to visualize a different coded image at a time, the observer's brain being able to reconstitute for example a movement or observe hidden information.
  • the security element can provide anti-photocopying security.
  • the fineness of the revelation screen and / or the combined image especially less than 200 microns, can prevent reproduction by photocopying and also provide protection against the use of scanners.
  • the resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be directly related to the thickness of the substrate. It may be greater than or equal to 800 dpi, preferably greater than 2000 dpi and more preferably greater than 3000 dpi.
  • the revelation screen and / or the combined image can be as such of homogeneous appearance to the naked eye, given its fineness.
  • the revelation screen may appear to the naked eye as having an appearance, especially a uniform color.
  • the different images that the observer can see are other than images resulting from a phenomenon of spatial interference between two superimposed networks, in other words a moiré effect.
  • a phenomenon of spatial interference between two superimposed networks in other words a moiré effect.
  • Such an effect can result from an offset orientation of the superimposed arrays by a non-zero specific angle and can disappear when the arrays are exactly superimposed or are shifted by an angle different from the specific angle.
  • the invention preferably seeks to avoid such an effect.
  • the passage of the observation of one coded image to another when the observation angle varies can be carried out without gradual transition.
  • the observation in the presence of the background can allow the appearance of a contrast effect between the background, the combined image and the revelation frame.
  • It may be a color contrast resulting in particular from the use of a combined image, a revelation frame and a background of different colors.
  • It can also be a contrast image animated / fixed background, for example from the use of a background representing a still image, including a landscape or a still image similar to one of the images constituting the animation .
  • the background thus highlights the "animation effect" described below.
  • the bottom may be non-reflective.
  • the bottom may have at least one face facing the revelation screen or the combined image that is flat.
  • the background may be even brighter than the combined image and / or the revelation frame.
  • the coded images may be observable on the side of a single face of the substrate or on both sides of the faces of the substrate when the background is non-opaque.
  • the color of the observed coded images may correspond to the color of the combined image or result from the combination of the colors of the combined image and the background, for example.
  • the background can be printed, for example by offset printing, intaglio, laser, screen printing, among others.
  • the base may comprise dyes and / or luminescent pigments, in particular phosphorescent and / or fluorescent pigments, and / or interferential pigments, in particular iridescent pigments, and / or liquid crystal pigments and / or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, in particular in the form of printed or incorporated in the background.
  • dyes and / or luminescent pigments in particular phosphorescent and / or fluorescent pigments, and / or interferential pigments, in particular iridescent pigments, and / or liquid crystal pigments and / or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, in particular in the form of printed or incorporated in the background.
  • the background color may be visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • the bottom may comprise a luminescent agent, for example phosphorescent and / or fluorescent. It can thus be possible to observe a particular effect under a predefined lighting, for example UV or IR.
  • a luminescent agent for example phosphorescent and / or fluorescent. It can thus be possible to observe a particular effect under a predefined lighting, for example UV or IR.
  • the luminescent agent may be fluorescent or phosphorescent under UV and / or under IR.
  • the luminescent agent may for example be a luminescent pigment, especially a fluorescent or phosphorescent pigment.
  • the bottom may not be transparent but be at least partly, in particular totally, translucent or opaque.
  • the background may be opaque or not.
  • the background may for example be colored and not opaque.
  • the bottom may be at least partially metallized.
  • the bottom may include a metal layer with possible demetallizations.
  • the metal layer may have recesses or areas of zero thickness.
  • the metal layer may be discontinuous.
  • the metal layer may thus comprise a plurality of metallic patterns.
  • the metal may be chosen for example from silver, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, tin, gold, copper, and from alloys of metals, such as brass or bronze.
  • metal is also meant any dielectric material.
  • the dielectric structures with a mirror effect may consist of an alternation of high and low index layers, for example respectively of Hafnium dioxide and of silica, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
  • the metal can be deposited on the bottom by any depositing method known from the prior art.
  • the metal may be deposited by chemical deposition or a vacuum deposition technique.
  • the metal deposition may for example be carried out by sputtering.
  • the metal deposition can be carried out by any type of printing that can use metal inks, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.
  • Deposition of the metal can be performed with a desired pattern using a mask directly on the substrate.
  • the metal layer may alternatively be obtained with the desired pattern by partially demetallizing the previously metallized substrate according to dots or wefts having a suitable density.
  • Demetallization can be carried out for example by etching or by removal of metallic particles made nonadherent, in particular by means of a laser.
  • the metal layer may for example have a thickness greater than 150 ⁇ , especially between 200 and 1000 ⁇ .
  • the bottom belongs to the security element.
  • the bottom can be secured to the optical system of the security element, including the combined image or the revelation frame, by gluing, laminating, heat-activated coating, among others.
  • the background can still be printed on the revelation screen or on the combined image.
  • the bottom may have the same dimensions, including the same width and the same length, as those of the optical system, such as those of the combined image or the revelation frame.
  • the bottom can still have different dimensions.
  • the background may be wider and / or longer than the optical system, such as the revelation screen or the combined image.
  • the background may be partially or totally superimposed on the optical system, particularly the revelation screen or the combined image.
  • the bottom can be continuous or not.
  • the background may extend in whole or only in areas on the combined image or the revelation frame.
  • the invention can notably make it possible to secure security articles, particularly security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes or passports, with security elements having a relatively small thickness.
  • security articles particularly security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes or passports
  • security elements having a relatively small thickness.
  • the use of a relatively thin substrate, for example of thickness less than or equal to 30 microns, may require the use of printing systems or marking a very important definition, further increasing the degree of security.
  • the coded images can represent information hidden and revealed successively by changing the observation angle of the optical system.
  • the security element can be configured to allow the observation of the succession of several images when the viewing direction changes, which is also called "animation effect".
  • animation is to be understood in the broad sense. It can be several images of the same object, representing angles of different view, to bring a 3D effect or relief, rather than a motion effect.
  • the combined image may correspond to the decomposition of the movement of a pattern, for example text, alphanumeric signs, ideograms, an object, a person and / or an animal.
  • Coded images (also called more simply nested images) may represent successive steps in the movement of a pattern, for example an object, a person and / or an animal.
  • the revelation screen may have any contour of shape, for example circular, oval, star, polygonal, for example rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal or diamond, among others.
  • the outline of the revelation frame may for example represent a text, an alphanumeric sign, an ideogram, an object, a person and / or an animal.
  • the optical system may appear in a window of a security document, the window being at least partially transparent or translucent or formed by a lack of material, for example the local absence of paper above or below the system optical.
  • Examples of embodiment of windows in the security documents are for example described in GB 1 552 853 which discloses the creation of a window, in particular by means of transparency, laser cutting, abrasion or mechanical incision, EP 0 229 645 which describes the creation using masks of a window on one side or on both sides of a bijet paper, WO 2004/096482 which describes the creation of a laser cut window CA 2 471 379 which describes the creation of a transparent window and association with a security element and WO 2008/006983 which describes the creation of a transparent window on a bijet paper.
  • the window may be through and the security element may be at least partially located in the window.
  • the observation of the coded images can also be done on the front side and the back side of the window.
  • the bottom When the security element is incorporated in a window in an article, either in a through window or appearing alternately on the side of a first face of the article and on the side of a second face of the article, for example opposite at the first, the bottom may be arranged alternately on either side of the security element so that the nested images and / or the revelation frame are observable both from the first face of the article and from the second side of the article.
  • the combined image and / or the revelation screen may be carried on the substrate by a printing process, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.
  • the combined image and / or the revelation screen may be printed with colored or non-colored inks, visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light, opaque or luminescent, in particular fluorescent, thermochromic, photochromic, interferential, in particular iridescent, or optically variable depending on the angle of observation (goniochromatic), including liquid crystals, metallic or not, magnetic or not, among others.
  • the combined image and / or the revelation screen may also include metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example aluminum.
  • Metallizations and / or demetallizations can be used to prevent counterfeiting by printing. Metallizations and / or demetallizations can still be used when the security element is incorporated in a security document, in particular of the security thread type. When a magnetic ink is used, the drawn pattern may constitute a magnetic signature allowing additional authentication of the substrate by detecting said signature.
  • the combined image and / or the revelation screen can still be printed with liquid crystals, so that the coded images are for example visible only through a polarizer.
  • the optical system can be carried by a patch and / or a foil.
  • the patch and / or the foil may comprise metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example of aluminum, or all types of prints.
  • the optical system can still be carried by a safety wire, incorporated in surface, mass or window (s) in the security document.
  • the width of the security thread is for example between 3 and 20 mm, being for example equal to about 4 mm.
  • the substrate of the optical system may comprise or consist of a thermoplastic material, for example a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light-collecting film, for example of the "waveguide” type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LISA ® .
  • a polyolefin for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light-collecting film, for example of the "waveguide" type,
  • the substrate may comprise cellulosic fibers and in particular paper.
  • the substrate may be sufficiently translucent paper to allow revealing the coded images, including a tracing paper.
  • the substrate may also be rendered transparent by application of a generally oily composition which permanently renders it transparent, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material, as described in US Pat. US 2,021,141 , or for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent, as described in the patent US 1,479,437 .
  • a generally oily composition which permanently renders it transparent, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material, as described in US Pat. US 2,021,141 , or for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent, as described in the patent US 1,479,437 .
  • the substrate can also be made transparent by locally applying a wax by heat transfer, as described in the patent. US 5,118,526 .
  • the substrate prefferably uses a fibrous layer comprising a hot-melt material, for example polyethylene, as described in patent EP 0 203 499 , which under the local action of heat will see its transparency vary.
  • a hot-melt material for example polyethylene
  • the revelation frame may be located on the side of the second face of the substrate opposite to the combined image.
  • the revelation frame may cover the combined image on the side of the first face of the substrate and the optical system may have a reflective surface on the side of the second face.
  • This reflecting surface is for example formed by a metallization of the second face of the substrate. This is for example a metal deposit of 200 ⁇ thick or a refractive index sufficient to cause reflection.
  • the authentication and / or identification can be done by observation of the front or back side of the security element.
  • the background can be made with a sufficiently low opacity so that the coded images can be observed in recto-reflection, which coincides with example with the side of the revelation frame, but also on the back side.
  • the security element is integrated in a security document, for example in windows, it may be advantageous to render observable both the front and back sides of the security element.
  • the background, the revelation frame and the combined image are colored. This coloration is for example a solid or degraded color, especially a shades.
  • the bottom has a reflective effect and / or metallic, which can bring clarity or brightness to the security element.
  • the base is configured to have an optically variable effect, in particular an effect depending on the illumination or the angle of observation, this effect being obtained for example by means of one or more fluorescent or phosphorescent compounds or by to liquid crystals.
  • the optically variable effect can be further achieved by a diffractive structure, such as a hologram.
  • the background can represent a pattern, for example a word, an acronym, a code, a symbol, an image, an alphanumeric character or an ideogram.
  • the pattern can be observable in transmitted light, in particular from the back of a security document to which the security element is integrated, which can make it possible to provide additional security for the security document.
  • Such a pattern especially when observable in reflection, can make it possible to highlight a movement effect between two combined images of the security element.
  • the revelation frame and / or the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic.
  • at least one coded image of the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic.
  • the nested encoded images can still be made at least in part with thermochromic and / or photochromic inks. In this way, only a part of the coded images can for example be observable under predefined lighting and / or temperature conditions.
  • the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be made with different colors. In this way, it may be possible to obtain a colored animation effect when observing the coded images.
  • color to achieve the security element may make it possible to further secure an article incorporating such a security element.
  • Most printers use four color process with "black”, “cyan”, “magenta” and “yellow” colors.
  • a photocopier with a maximum resolution of 1200 dpi can reproduce a black combined image for which the width of a line of an encoded image is 21 ⁇ m or more.
  • this copier uses cyan, magenta, and yellow frames.
  • Such a resolution corresponds to a combined image for which the width of a line of an encoded image is 63 ⁇ m or more.
  • Increasing the resolution of the frame and the combined image and / or the use of color can thus increase the security level of the security element.
  • all nested coded images of the combined image may have the same color and the revelation frame a different color.
  • the nested encoded images of the combined image may have different colors and the revelation field may have a different color than the nested encoded or color-like images of at least one of the nested encoded images.
  • the background has a different color than the nested coded images and the revelation frame. different color from nested coded images and the revelation frame.
  • the revelation frame and / or the combined image may or may not be opaque.
  • the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be at least partially translucent or transparent and for example colored or absorbent at a given wavelength in the UV or IR.
  • the security element may also comprise two revelation frames associated respectively with two combined images, the orientation of the bands of one of the revelation frames being different from that of the other revelation frame.
  • the strips are non-rectilinear, their orientation is defined by the general direction in which they extend.
  • the security element may comprise two revealing frames juxtaposed or not, superimposed or not, with bands having different orientations or not.
  • One of the revelation frames may be wholly or partially surrounded by the other revelation frame.
  • the possible area of superposition of the revelation frames may reveal a grid pattern when the bands of the revelation frames have different orientations.
  • the thickness of the substrate is for example between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm, in particular between 6 ⁇ m and 1 mm, preferably between 6 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 100 ⁇ m, being for example between 30 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m. .mu.m. It can still be less than 50 microns, especially 25 microns.
  • the period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate.
  • a security element with a resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation field greater than or equal to 800 dpi, as well as a substrate thickness and a relation between the period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image and thickness of the substrate as above can provide an animation visible to the naked eye, despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, and enhance the safety of the device vis-à-vis photocopies of the latter.
  • the number of interleaved coded images is, for example, between 2 and 15, in particular between 2 and 5, preferably being greater than or equal to 3.
  • the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image may be between 2 ⁇ m and 1 mm, in particular between 10 .mu.m and 1 mm, preferably being substantially equal to the period of the revealing frame.
  • the width of a constituent element of a coded image is preferably less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, better 100 ⁇ m.
  • the width of an opacifying strip of the revealing frame is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate, especially at 1 mm.
  • the revelation screen may comprise opacifying strips with parallel edges, possibly non-rectilinear.
  • the presence of opacifying tapes with non-rectilinear edges may make it more difficult for the counterfeiter to reproduce the optical system.
  • the revelation frame and / or the combined image may be devoid of a metal layer.
  • the security element may also comprise a revelation frame comprising at least a first fluorescent zone capable of fluorescently emitting, in a predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a first color, and a combined image comprising at least a second fluorescent zone capable of emitting fluorescence, in the predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a second color, different from the first, at least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, being at least partially opaque, at least in the predefined lighting condition, and the first and second fluorescent zones overlapping at least partially so that, in the predefined illumination condition, a light passing successively through the two fluorescent zones has a third color different from the first and second colors.
  • the security element may use the principle described in the international application WO 2006/051231 .
  • the predefined lighting condition can in particular correspond to ultraviolet lighting, especially near-visible wavelength or infrared lighting, depending on the fluorescent compounds used. At least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, may be substantially colorless in white light.
  • the security element may include a plurality of optical systems associated with different observation directions.
  • the security element may comprise an alternation of optical systems associated with two respective perpendicular directions, in particular optical systems whose respective revelation frames have perpendicular orientations.
  • the security element may be totally or partially covered with invisible material in "normal" illumination, ie when illuminated by daylight or an artificial light source.
  • This invisible material in normal illumination is for example a visible material, under a specific illumination, in particular a luminescent material, for example a fluorescent or phosphorescent material visible under UV or IR illumination.
  • the material may comprise nematic liquid crystals visible on a reflective background (the frame and / or the image and / or the background then being reflective) with a polarizing filter, in particular circular.
  • the total or partial coverage of the security element by such an invisible material in "normal” illumination can form additional security in the form of a pattern, for example a word, acronym, code, symbol, image, alphanumeric character or ideogram.
  • said invisible material in "normal” illumination does not cover the security element but is disposed between the frame and the image, being then partially but sufficiently observable.
  • the invention further relates, in another aspect, to a security article, including a security document, incorporating a security element as defined above.
  • a security article may incorporate paper fibers.
  • the front and back sides of the security element can advantageously be observable.
  • the substrate of the security article may advantageously constitute a background for the security element as described above.
  • the substrate may comprise, in particular at the region of superposition to the revelation frame and / or the combined image, properties similar to those described above for the bottom of the security element.
  • the security element may thus be devoid of background as described above because of the presence of the substrate of the security article.
  • the security article may also comprise a perforation in which the security element is placed at least partially, the latter corresponding, for example, to the juxtaposition of two sub-elements, in particular in the form of foils or patches, respectively comprising a frame of revelation and the corresponding combined image.
  • the sub-elements may at least partially cover the edges of the perforation, with or without thickness compensation.
  • the security article may also comprise a revelation frame or a combined image made in the form of prints and a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, at least partially covering the impressions formed, the sub-element comprising the combined image or the corresponding revelation frame.
  • the prints of the combined image may for example be made on the surface of the security article.
  • the or each sub-element may comprise a transparent or translucent substrate.
  • each sub-element in particular the patch or the foil, may be incorporated into the security article by gluing or by incorporation into the fibrous substrate of the article during its manufacture.
  • the invention also relates to an authentication method according to claim 15.
  • the observation can for example be made on the front and back side of the substrate.
  • the article or object, or even the security element, especially in the form of a wire, a patch or a security foil, may include one or more other security elements, as defined below.
  • security elements some are detectable to the naked eye, in daylight or artificial light, without the use of a particular device.
  • These security elements comprise for example fibers or small boards colored, fully or partially printed or metallized threads. These security elements are called first level.
  • security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR).
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.
  • security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device.
  • These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. The automatic detection of the signal makes it possible to authenticate, if necessary, the document.
  • These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of active materials, particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.
  • Security features within the security article may have first, second, and / or third level security features.
  • the security element comprises a fluorescent printing under UV illumination.
  • the first-level security provided by the security element according to the invention is thus complemented by second-level security, in particular a pattern, observed under UV illumination.
  • the optical system may comprise at least two combined images and a single frame allowing, during a change of the observation angle, to successively observe the nested images of the two combined images.
  • the two combined images may be arranged in such a way that a relative movement of one image combined with the other is perceived by a user upon a change in the viewing direction of the security element relative to the system. optical.
  • the substrate may comprise at least two distinct layers and the optical system may comprise at least two combined images, one of them being arranged facing one another, in particular on one external face of one of the layers of the substrate and the other combined image being disposed between the two layers.
  • the two layers of the substrate may have the same thickness. These two layers can be transparent.
  • Each combined image may comprise a plurality of nested encoded images.
  • Each combined image may comprise the same number of coded images and / or each combined image may have the same resolution, in particular one of the resolution values mentioned above and / or the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image of the first combined image may be equal to the distance between two constituent elements of the same coded image of the second combined image.
  • FIG. 1 a security element 1 made according to the invention, which comprises a non-opaque substrate 2, for example perfectly transparent, having a first face 2a carrying a plurality of coded images I 1 , I 2 , ..., I n imbricated , the constituent elements 3 of these images being for example in the form of continuous or discontinuous lines, most often discontinuous.
  • the set of coded images I 1 ,..., I n forms a combined image I, as can be seen in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the second face 2b of the substrate 2, opposite the first, carries a revelation screen 4 (also called decomposition filter) comprising opacifying strips 5 (or lines).
  • a revelation screen 4 also called decomposition filter
  • the revelation screen 4 is composed of a periodic pattern, in this case the opacifying strip 5, of constant p period, as can be seen on the figure 2 .
  • the periodicity is observed parallel to the direction of relative displacement X between the optical system and the observer to observe the different coded images.
  • the simplest embodiment of the revealing frame 4 is a succession of opacifying strips 5 of constant width at regular intervals, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the period p corresponds to the sum of the width of an opacifying strip 5 and of a transparent interval between two consecutive opacifying strips 5.
  • each of the opacifying strips 5 is oriented perpendicularly to the relative displacement axis X.
  • the revelation weft 4 may comprise other patterns than strips of constant width with straight and parallel edges, such as crenellations or corrugations, as illustrated respectively in FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B .
  • the security element 1 also comprises a bottom 30 such that the combined image I is situated between the bottom 30 and the substrate 2.
  • the bottom 30 may be made as described above.
  • the bottom 30 can be printed or metallized.
  • the bottom 30 can be attached to the combined image I for example by gluing.
  • the bottom 30 may comprise fluorescent and / or phosphorescent particles, and the observation can be done under predefined lighting, for example UV and / or IR.
  • the combined image (I), the background (30) and the revelation screen (4) may or may not be of different colors.
  • the combined image (I) and the revelation screen (4) may have the same color and the background (30) be of another color, especially darker.
  • the presence of the bottom 30 may make it possible to improve the observation of the coded images on the side of the face 2b of the substrate 2, in particular by the appearance of a contrast effect due, for example, to the color differences between the revealing frame 4 , the combined image I and the background 30.
  • N is the total number of coded images
  • the transparent intervals 8 of the revelation frame 4 may allow, if desired, to reveal a single image at a time.
  • a coded image then corresponds to the parts of the combined image present in the transparent intervals of the frame for a given angle of observation.
  • Each coded picture can be visible by shifting the observation of the width of a transparent interval 8.
  • figure 5 the appearance of the different images I 1 to I 4 , when the observation angle represented on the figure 1 , relative to the optical system, changes.
  • the animation corresponding to the coded images may be revealed in reflection, revealing frame side or combined image side, for example depending on the opacity of the background 30.
  • the period p is preferably less than or equal to approximately the thickness e of the substrate, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • a safety wire generally has a maximum thickness of 50 microns, which corresponds to a frame of less than or equal to 50 microns period.
  • the lines 3 composing the nested images will generally have a width of less than or equal to 12.5 ⁇ m.
  • the system for forming the combined image then having a minimum resolution of 2.54 ⁇ 10 -2 / 12.5 ⁇ 10 -6 , i.e., 2032 dots per inch (dpi or dpi).
  • the period p of the frame is less than 100 microns and the constituent elements in the form of lines 3 composing the coded images are less than 33 microns, in the case of three images by animation.
  • a width of 12.5 ⁇ m corresponds to about 2000 dpi, which is a limit for conventional printers that generally have a maximum definition of 600 dpi, or 1200 dpi, which is a factor of security, including copy protection or anti-photocopy.
  • a substrate whose thickness e is less than or equal to 30 ⁇ m, better 25 ⁇ m, for example between 20 and 30 ⁇ m, or even 20 and 25 ⁇ m, limits included or excluded.
  • a sufficiently fine revelation frame makes it possible to provide anti-photocopying security and the existence of several coded images having details to be viewed according to different observation directions also creates a protection against the use of scanners.
  • the nested images can be successively visible during a change of the viewing angle.
  • Resolutions over 2000 dpi, or 3000 dpi, can help secure the device.
  • the print definition may be accurate enough that the color mixing appears as homogeneous.
  • Figures 14A and 14B greatly enlarged, an exemplary security document 10 comprising a plurality of security elements 1 according to the invention.
  • the figure 14A represents the observation of the security document 10 after photocopying
  • the Figure 14B represents the observation of the document 10 before photocopying.
  • the invention provides a high anti-photocopy security.
  • the revelation screen may be fine enough to provide a homogeneous coloring effect during the observation, contrary to what is observed on the screen.
  • Figure 14B which is greatly enlarged.
  • the optical system can operate in transmitted or reflected light, it can be used for windows or wires introduced into windows, for example in a banknote.
  • the back side 2a of the substrate 2 is reflective or semi-reflective and the front face 2b has the combined image 1.
  • the reflecting face can be made by a metallization.
  • the reflecting face can for example define a text.
  • the revelation screen 4 may advantageously comprise one or more fluorescent and / or phosphorescent particles allowing the appearance of contrast effects under a predefined illumination, for example UV or IR.
  • the combined image I and / or the revelation screen 4 may be formed by printing, demetallization, laser marking, lithography or any other technique for fixing or displaying an image.
  • liquid-crystal inks for example to print the combined image I.
  • the animation, to be revealed, may then require in addition to the decomposition frame, the use of a filter polarizer, which may be present on the document or the substrate, or not.
  • the combined image I can be obtained by micro-photolithography of the wire and the revelation screen 4 can be achieved by means of offset printing. UV performed in a second step, when printing the document.
  • the revelation frame 4 may be associated, where appropriate, with a printing design of the document.
  • the pattern of the revelation screen 4 may be printed elsewhere than in superposition with the combined image I, on the document, on the same scale or on a different scale.
  • the printing of the revealing frame 4 may overflow the security element 1 and extend over the security document 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 11 .
  • This double coloration can be achieved by demetallization or photolithography, for example.
  • the revealing frame 4 comprises superimposed opacifying strips 5a and 5b respectively of a first color C 1 and a second color C 2 , the opacifying bands 5a of color C 1 being external.
  • the elements 3 of the combined image I are printed respectively with the two colors C 1 and C 2 superimposed, the color elements C 2 being external.
  • the order of color superposition can be the same on each side of the substrate 2.
  • One possibility for varying the observation direction of the optical system may be to deform the substrate, for example around a folding axis, as illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .
  • optical systems for example having the shape of small squares or rectangles of a few millimeters of sides, may be present on the same security thread 20, as illustrated in FIGS. figures 10 and 12 .
  • Rotating a quarter-turn of an optical system 1 out of two may make it possible to obtain a wire producing animations from relative movements of the wire in the two main axes Y 1 and Y 2 relative to the observer.
  • the document 10 may comprise at least two windows 31 and 32 for respectively observing each of the faces of the wire, in reflection.
  • the coded images are observable through the revealing frame 4 on the side of the window 31 and with the revealing frame as background, on the side of the window 32.
  • the document substrate in particular at the level of the windows 31 and 32, can also be at least partially transparent to allow observation of the coded images on both sides of the security document.
  • the security element in the form of a security thread can still be incorporated into a security document 10 which has an alternation of windows 31 and 32 on the front and back sides, as shown in FIG. figure 13C . It is thus possible to observe the coded images of both the front side and the back side of the security document 10 at the windows 31 and 32.
  • the security element 1 may comprise a bottom 30 such that the security frame 4 is between the face 2b of the substrate 2 and the bottom 30, as shown in FIG. figure 15 .
  • the combined image I can be between the bottom 30 and the face 2a of the substrate 2, as illustrated in FIG. figure 16 .
  • the revelation screen 4 is black in color
  • the combined image I is red in color
  • the background 30 is green in color, in particular being fluorescent.
  • the user can thus observe a revelation frame 4 of black color and a spiral of red color in contrast with the black color of the revelation frame and the green color of the bottom 30.
  • the user can thus observe a revealing frame appearing as a mixture of red and black, the red color of the coded images being able to be formed by pixels, and a spiral of red color in contrast with the green color of the background and the mix of black and red colors of the revelation frame.
  • FIG 17 another example of a security article 10 according to the invention comprising a security element as described previously without bottom 30.
  • the substrate 15 of the security article is superimposed on the combined image I of the security element 1 and advantageously plays the role of the background 30 described above.
  • the substrate 15 may comprise, at its portion 16 superimposed on the combined image I, fluorescent pigments making it possible to observe particular effects between the coded images and the portion 16 of the substrate 15 under UV and / or IR illumination.
  • fluorescent pigments making it possible to observe particular effects between the coded images and the portion 16 of the substrate 15 under UV and / or IR illumination.
  • the substrate 15 could be formed differently from elements described above for the background.
  • this exemplary embodiment illustrates the possibility of producing a revelation frame 4 and a combined image I so that the coded images can be observable in the two main directions of inclination of the security element 1, especially in the sense of width and length.
  • the revelation screen 4 can thus result from the combination of two frames 4a and 4b having bands extending along perpendicular axes, as can be seen in FIG. figure 18 .
  • the combined image I may result from the combination of combined images Ia and Ib which respectively correspond to the combined images associated with the frames 4a and 4b.
  • the animation effect obtained can thus be observed in at least two directions of inclination of the security element 1.
  • FIG 19 We have shown on the figure 19 an example of a security article 10 comprising a perforation 40 in which at least two sub-elements are placed, in particular in the form of foils or patches, 41 and 42 to form a security element 1 according to the invention.
  • Sub-element 41 comprises, for example, a revelation frame 4 and sub-element 42 comprises, for example, the corresponding combined image I.
  • the bottom 30 may for example be present on the surface of the sub-element 41.
  • the security article 10 comprises a combined image I made in the form of prints on the surface of the security article 10.
  • a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, 43 is placed on the prints constituting the combined image I, the sub-element 43 comprising the corresponding revelation screen 4, not shown.
  • the bottom is for example constituted by the substrate 44 of the security article 10 but it could be otherwise and the security element 1 could have its own bottom.
  • the security element 1 differs from that of the figure 1 in that it comprises two non-opaque, for example perfectly transparent, substrate layers 2 and two combined images I and I '.
  • the two substrate layers here have the same thickness, for example 25 microns.
  • the first combined image I is arranged between a substrate layer 2 and the bottom 30 and represents for example a pattern such as a cloud.
  • the second combined image I ' is disposed between the two substrate layers 2 and represents in the example in question a pattern such as a horse.
  • the period p of the revelation frame is in the example considered equal to the thickness of a substrate layer, that is to say to 25 microns.
  • the nested images I i and I ' i forming respectively the first and the second combined image are in the example of the figure 21 arranged in the same way so that when changing the viewing angle from the face 2a of the security element, the pattern represented by the second combined image I 'will move twice as slowly as the pattern represented by the first combined image I since only half as many nested images I ' i as nested images I i will have been visualized by the eye.
  • This example makes it possible to demonstrate the possibility with the invention of obtaining a movement effect between the patterns represented on the nested images.
  • Such an effect, which can still be described as "effect of depth" is for example similar to that provided by the "differential scrolling" of the first video games.
  • the example of figure 21 may be obtained by assembling, in particular by gluing, different substrate layers 2.
  • the example of the figure 21 is obtained from a laser-markable monolayer substrate in which at least the combined image I is formed in the substrate by exposure to laser radiation.
  • the combined image I ', the revelation screen and / or the background are in particular printed or labeled by laser irradiation.
  • the use of the laser makes it possible to mark said laser-marked substrate at the desired depth, and also to mark said substrate at at least two depths. (Thicknesses) different, for example to form in a monolayer substrate at least two of the revelation frame and the combined images.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated examples.
  • the security element can still be realized with other first, second or third level security, for example.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des éléments de sécurité servant à l'authentification et/ou l'identification d'articles, de documents ou d'objets divers.The present invention relates to the field of security elements used for authentication and / or identification of articles, documents or various objects.

Arrière-planBackground

Afin de se prémunir de contrefaçons ou de falsifications et afin d'augmenter le niveau de sécurisation, il est connu d'utiliser des éléments de sécurité appliqués en surface ou introduits en masse ou en fenêtre(s) dans un article de sécurité, notamment un document de sécurité, ou autre objet, par exemple une étiquette, un emballage, notamment pour des médicaments, des aliments, des cosmétiques, des pièces électroniques ou des pièces détachées.In order to guard against counterfeiting or falsification and in order to increase the level of security, it is known to use security elements applied on the surface or introduced in bulk or in windows in a security article, in particular a security article. security document, or other object, for example a label, packaging, especially for drugs, food, cosmetics, electronic parts or spare parts.

L'article de sécurité peut notamment être choisi parmi un moyen de paiement, tel qu'un billet de banque, un chèque ou un ticket restaurant, un document d'identité telle qu'une carte d'identité, un visa, un passeport ou un permis de conduire, un ticket de loterie, un titre de transport ou encore un ticket d'entrée à des manifestations.The security article may in particular be chosen from among a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.

La révélation d'images animées par un effet de parallaxe est connue depuis un grand nombre d'années.The revelation of animated images by a parallax effect has been known for a great many years.

Plusieurs brevets reposant sur ce principe ont été déposés, par exemple US 5 098 302 , US 5 525 383 et US 6 286 873 , ainsi que la demande DE 10 2006 061905 , qui montre un élément de sécurité selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et 2.Several patents based on this principle have been filed, for example US 5,098,302 , US 5,525,383 and US 6,286,873 , as well as the demand DE 10 2006 061905 , which shows a security element according to the preamble of claim 1 and 2.

On connaît des procédés de création d'illusions de mouvement tels que décrits dans les documents US 5 901 484 et US 6 286 873 utilisant un support porteur de plusieurs images codées, correspondant par exemple à la décomposition du mouvement d'un objet ou d'un animal, et un film transparent porteur d'un réseau de traits parallèles, placé sur le support. Un mouvement relatif entre les images codées et le réseau de traits parallèles permet de créer l'illusion d'un mouvement.Methods for creating motion illusions as described in the documents are known US 5,901,484 and US 6,286,873 using a support carrier of several coded images, corresponding for example to the decomposition of the movement of an object or an animal, and a transparent film carrying a network of parallel lines, placed on the support. A relative movement between the coded images and the network of parallel lines creates the illusion of movement.

US 6 286 873 enseigne la possibilité d'observer des images codées de chaque côté d'un système optique comportant une trame de révélation et une image combinée, situées de part et d'autre d'un substrat. Ce document ne divulgue pas un élément de sécurité. US 6,286,873 teaches the possibility of observing coded images on each side of an optical system having a revelation frame and a combined image, located on either side of a substrate. This document does not disclose a security element.

DE 10 2006 061905 divulgue un système optique comportant un substrat, une trame de révélation et des images observables selon différents angles d'observation. DE 10 2006 061905 discloses an optical system comprising a substrate, a revelation frame and images observable according to different angles of observation.

On connaît encore par les publications US 3 241 429 , US 3 154 872 , US 4 645 301 , US 4 892 336 , WO 94/27254 , US 6 856 462 , US 2005/184504 , US 5 708 871 , WO 2005/052650 , WO 2005/058610 , US 2005/150964 et WO 2007/020048 divers autres systèmes optiques.We still know from publications US 3,241,429 , US 3,154,872 , US 4,645,301 , US 4,892,336 , WO 94/27254 , US 6,856,462 , US 2005/184504 , US 5,708,871 , WO 2005/052650 , WO 2005/058610 , US 2005/150964 and WO 2007/020048 various other optical systems.

Il est connu de réaliser des éléments de sécurité avec des réseaux lenticulaires associés à des impressions spécifiques, afin de produire des effets de mouvements. La société SECURENCY en commercialise sous la marque MOTION®.It is known to make security elements with lenticular arrays associated with specific impressions, in order to produce movement effects. The SECURENCY company markets under the MOTION ® brand.

US 2007/0279697 divulgue un élément de sécurité comportant un système optique permettant de produire un effet de moiré. US 2007/0279697 discloses a security element having an optical system for producing a moire effect.

Résumésummary

Il existe un besoin pour bénéficier d'éléments de sécurité comportant un système optique capable de produire des effets optiques pouvant contribuer à l'authentification ou l'identification d'un article ou objet, et dont l'incorporation éventuelle dans un article ou objet tel qu'un papier puisse se faire relativement aisément.There is a need to benefit from security elements having an optical system capable of producing optical effects that can contribute to the authentication or identification of an article or object, and the possible incorporation into an article or object such as that a paper can be done relatively easily.

L'invention a pour objet, selon un premier de ses aspects, un élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2.The object of the invention is, according to a first of its aspects, a security element according to claim 1 or 2.

L'image combinée peut comporter au moins deux images codées imbriquées. De préférence, elle comporte au moins trois images codées imbriquées afin d'accentuer l'effet visuel d'animation lors d'observations successives des images codées par changement de la direction d'observation de l'élément de sécurité relativement au système optique.The combined image may include at least two nested encoded images. Preferably, it comprises at least three nested coded images in order to accentuate the visual animation effect during successive observations of the coded images by changing the observation direction of the security element relative to the optical system.

La révélation des images codées peut se faire par effet de parallaxe.The revelation of the coded images can be done by parallax effect.

L'invention offre de nouvelles possibilités d'authentifier et/ou d'identifier un article ou objet portant l'élément de sécurité, par exemple un document de sécurité.The invention offers new possibilities to authenticate and / or identify an article or object carrying the security element, for example a security document.

L'utilisateur peut, en faisant varier l'inclinaison du système optique, faire apparaître une succession d'images, ce qui permet de créer un effet d'animation par exemple.The user can, by varying the inclination of the optical system, show a succession of images, which can create an animation effect for example.

La trame de révélation peut permettre à l'oeil humain de visualiser une image codée différente à la fois, le cerveau de l'observateur pouvant reconstituer par exemple un mouvement ou observer une information cachée.The revelation frame may allow the human eye to visualize a different coded image at a time, the observer's brain being able to reconstitute for example a movement or observe hidden information.

L'élément de sécurité peut apporter une sécurité anti-photocopie. En particulier, la finesse de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée, notamment inférieure à 200 µm, peut empêcher une reproduction par photocopie et assurer aussi une protection contre l'utilisation de scanners.The security element can provide anti-photocopying security. In particular, the fineness of the revelation screen and / or the combined image, especially less than 200 microns, can prevent reproduction by photocopying and also provide protection against the use of scanners.

La résolution de l'image combinée et/ou de la trame de révélation peut être directement liée à l'épaisseur du substrat. Elle peut être supérieure ou égale à 800 dpi, de préférence supérieure à 2000 dpi et plus préférentiellement supérieure à 3000 dpi.The resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be directly related to the thickness of the substrate. It may be greater than or equal to 800 dpi, preferably greater than 2000 dpi and more preferably greater than 3000 dpi.

La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peut être en tant que telle d'aspect homogène à l'oeil nu, compte tenu de sa finesse. En particulier, la trame de révélation peut apparaître à l'oeil nu comme ayant un aspect, notamment une couleur, uniforme.The revelation screen and / or the combined image can be as such of homogeneous appearance to the naked eye, given its fineness. In particular, the revelation screen may appear to the naked eye as having an appearance, especially a uniform color.

Dans l'invention, les différentes images que l'observateur peut voir sont autres que des images résultant d'un phénomène d'interférences spatiales entre deux réseaux superposés, autrement dit un effet de moiré. Un tel effet peut résulter d'une orientation décalée des réseaux superposés d'un angle spécifique non nul et peut disparaître lorsque les réseaux sont exactement superposés ou sont décalés d'un angle différent de l'angle spécifique. L'invention cherche de préférence à éviter un tel effet. Le passage de l'observation d'une image codée à une autre quand l'angle d'observation varie peut s'effectuer sans transition progressive.In the invention, the different images that the observer can see are other than images resulting from a phenomenon of spatial interference between two superimposed networks, in other words a moiré effect. Such an effect can result from an offset orientation of the superimposed arrays by a non-zero specific angle and can disappear when the arrays are exactly superimposed or are shifted by an angle different from the specific angle. The invention preferably seeks to avoid such an effect. The passage of the observation of one coded image to another when the observation angle varies can be carried out without gradual transition.

L'observation des images codées peut être facilitée et améliorée par la présence du fond.The observation of coded images can be facilitated and improved by the presence of the background.

En effet, l'observation en présence du fond peut permettre l'apparition d'un effet de contraste entre le fond, l'image combinée et la trame de révélation. Il peut s'agir d'un contraste de couleur issu en particulier de l'utilisation d'une image combinée, d'une trame de révélation et d'un fond de couleurs différentes. Il peut également s'agir d'un contraste image animée / fond fixe, par exemple issu de l'utilisation d'un fond représentant une image fixe, notamment un paysage ou une image fixe similaire à l'une des images constituant l'animation. Le fond met ainsi en relief « l'effet d'animation » décrit ci-après.Indeed, the observation in the presence of the background can allow the appearance of a contrast effect between the background, the combined image and the revelation frame. It may be a color contrast resulting in particular from the use of a combined image, a revelation frame and a background of different colors. It can also be a contrast image animated / fixed background, for example from the use of a background representing a still image, including a landscape or a still image similar to one of the images constituting the animation . The background thus highlights the "animation effect" described below.

Le fond peut être non réfléchissant. Le fond peut présenter au moins une face en regard de la trame de révélation ou de l'image combiné qui soit plane.The bottom may be non-reflective. The bottom may have at least one face facing the revelation screen or the combined image that is flat.

Le fond peut encore être plus clair que l'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation.The background may be even brighter than the combined image and / or the revelation frame.

Les images codées peuvent être observables du côté d'une seule face du substrat ou des deux côtés des faces du substrat lorsque le fond est non opaque.The coded images may be observable on the side of a single face of the substrate or on both sides of the faces of the substrate when the background is non-opaque.

La couleur des images codées observées peut correspondre à la couleur de l'image combinée ou résulter de la combinaison des couleurs de l'image combinée et du fond, par exemple.The color of the observed coded images may correspond to the color of the combined image or result from the combination of the colors of the combined image and the background, for example.

Le fond peut être imprimé, par exemple par impression offset, taille douce, laser, sérigraphie, entre autres.The background can be printed, for example by offset printing, intaglio, laser, screen printing, among others.

Le fond peut comporter des colorants et/ou des pigments luminescents, notamment phosphorescents et/ou fluorescents, et/ou des pigments interférentiels, notamment iridescents, et/ou des pigments à cristaux liquides et/ou des pigments photochromes ou thermochromes, notamment sous forme imprimée ou incorporée au fond.The base may comprise dyes and / or luminescent pigments, in particular phosphorescent and / or fluorescent pigments, and / or interferential pigments, in particular iridescent pigments, and / or liquid crystal pigments and / or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, in particular in the form of printed or incorporated in the background.

La couleur du fond peut être visible à l'oeil nu, sous lumière ultraviolette (UV) et/ou infrarouge (IR).The background color may be visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light.

Avantageusement, le fond peut comporter un agent luminescent, par exemple phosphorescent et/ou fluorescent. Il peut être ainsi possible d'observer un effet particulier sous un éclairage prédéfini, par exemple UV ou IR.Advantageously, the bottom may comprise a luminescent agent, for example phosphorescent and / or fluorescent. It can thus be possible to observe a particular effect under a predefined lighting, for example UV or IR.

L'agent luminescent peut être fluorescent ou phosphorescent sous UV et/ou sous IR. L'agent luminescent peut par exemple être un pigment luminescent, notamment un pigment fluorescent ou phosphorescent.The luminescent agent may be fluorescent or phosphorescent under UV and / or under IR. The luminescent agent may for example be a luminescent pigment, especially a fluorescent or phosphorescent pigment.

Le fond peut ne pas être transparent mais être au moins en partie, notamment totalement, translucide ou opaque.The bottom may not be transparent but be at least partly, in particular totally, translucent or opaque.

Le fond peut être opaque ou non. Le fond peut par exemple être coloré et non opaque.The background may be opaque or not. The background may for example be colored and not opaque.

Le fond peut être au moins partiellement métallisé. Le fond peut notamment comporter une couche de métal avec des démétallisations éventuelles.The bottom may be at least partially metallized. The bottom may include a metal layer with possible demetallizations.

La couche de métal peut comporter des évidements ou des zones d'épaisseur nulle. La couche de métal peut être discontinue. La couche de métal peut ainsi comporter une pluralité de motifs métalliques.The metal layer may have recesses or areas of zero thickness. The metal layer may be discontinuous. The metal layer may thus comprise a plurality of metallic patterns.

Le métal peut être choisi par exemple parmi l'argent, l'aluminium, le nickel, le cobalt, l'étain, l'or, le cuivre, et parmi les alliages de métaux, notamment tels que le laiton ou le bronze.The metal may be chosen for example from silver, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, tin, gold, copper, and from alloys of metals, such as brass or bronze.

Par métal, on entend également tout matériau diélectrique. Les structures diélectriques à effet miroir peuvent être constituées d'une alternance de couches de haut et de bas indice, par exemple respectivement du dioxyde d'Hafnium et du dioxyde de Silice, et peuvent notamment être obtenues par gravure ionique.By metal is also meant any dielectric material. The dielectric structures with a mirror effect may consist of an alternation of high and low index layers, for example respectively of Hafnium dioxide and of silica, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.

Le métal peut être déposé sur le fond par tout procédé de dépôt connu de l'art antérieur. En particulier, le métal peut être déposé par dépôt par voie chimique ou une technique de dépôt sous vide. Le dépôt de métal peut par exemple être réalisé par pulvérisation cathodique.The metal can be deposited on the bottom by any depositing method known from the prior art. In particular, the metal may be deposited by chemical deposition or a vacuum deposition technique. The metal deposition may for example be carried out by sputtering.

Le dépôt de métal peut être effectué par tout type d'impression pouvant utiliser des encres métalliques, par exemple offset, taille douce, laser, héliogravure ou sérigraphie.The metal deposition can be carried out by any type of printing that can use metal inks, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.

Le dépôt du métal peut être effectué avec un motif souhaité à l'aide d'un masque directement sur le substrat.Deposition of the metal can be performed with a desired pattern using a mask directly on the substrate.

La couche de métal peut en variante être obtenue avec le motif souhaité en démétallisant partiellement le substrat préalablement métallisé selon des points ou trames ayant une densité convenable. La démétallisation peut s'effectuer par exemple par attaque chimique ou par enlèvement de particules métalliques rendues non adhérentes, notamment au moyen d'un laser.The metal layer may alternatively be obtained with the desired pattern by partially demetallizing the previously metallized substrate according to dots or wefts having a suitable density. Demetallization can be carried out for example by etching or by removal of metallic particles made nonadherent, in particular by means of a laser.

La couche de métal peut par exemple présenter une épaisseur supérieure à 150 Å, notamment comprise entre 200 et 1000 Å.The metal layer may for example have a thickness greater than 150 Å, especially between 200 and 1000 Å.

Avantageusement, le fond appartient à l'élément de sécurité.Advantageously, the bottom belongs to the security element.

Le fond peut être rendu solidaire du système optique de l'élément de sécurité, notamment de l'image combinée ou de la trame de révélation, par collage, contrecollage, enduction thermoréactivable, entre autres.The bottom can be secured to the optical system of the security element, including the combined image or the revelation frame, by gluing, laminating, heat-activated coating, among others.

Le fond peut encore être imprimé sur la trame de révélation ou sur l'image combinée.The background can still be printed on the revelation screen or on the combined image.

Le fond peut avoir les mêmes dimensions, notamment la même largeur et la même longueur, que celles du système optique, notamment que celles de l'image combinée ou de la trame de révélation. Le fond peut encore avoir des dimensions différentes. Par exemple, le fond peut être plus large et/ou plus long que le système optique, notamment que la trame de révélation ou l'image combinée.The bottom may have the same dimensions, including the same width and the same length, as those of the optical system, such as those of the combined image or the revelation frame. The bottom can still have different dimensions. For example, the background may be wider and / or longer than the optical system, such as the revelation screen or the combined image.

Le fond peut se superposer partiellement ou totalement au système optique, notamment à la trame de révélation ou à l'image combinée.The background may be partially or totally superimposed on the optical system, particularly the revelation screen or the combined image.

Le fond peut être continu ou non. Le fond peut s'étendre en totalité ou seulement par zones sur l'image combinée ou la trame de révélation.The bottom can be continuous or not. The background may extend in whole or only in areas on the combined image or the revelation frame.

L'invention peut notamment permettre de sécuriser des articles de sécurité notamment des documents de sécurité, incluant des fibres papetières, tels que des billets de banque ou passeports, avec des éléments de sécurité ayant une épaisseur relativement faible. L'utilisation d'un substrat relativement fin, par exemple d'épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 30 µm, peut nécessiter l'emploi de systèmes d'impression ou de marquage d'une définition très importante, augmentant encore le degré de sécurité.The invention can notably make it possible to secure security articles, particularly security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes or passports, with security elements having a relatively small thickness. The use of a relatively thin substrate, for example of thickness less than or equal to 30 microns, may require the use of printing systems or marking a very important definition, further increasing the degree of security.

Les images codées peuvent représenter des informations cachées et révélées successivement par changement de l'angle d'observation du système optique. L'élément de sécurité peut être configuré pour permettre l'observation de la succession de plusieurs images quand la direction d'observation change, ce qui est encore appelé « effet d'animation ». Dans le cadre de l'invention, le terme « animation » est à comprendre au sens large. Il peut s'agir de plusieurs images d'un même objet, représentant des angles de vue différents, afin d'apporter un effet 3D ou de relief, plutôt qu'un effet de mouvement. L'image combinée peut correspondre à la décomposition du mouvement d'un motif, par exemple d'un texte, de signes alphanumériques, d'idéogrammes, d'un objet, d'une personne et/ou d'un animal. Les images codées (encore appelées plus simplement images imbriquées) peuvent représenter des étapes successives du mouvement d'un motif, par exemple d'un objet, d'une personne et/ou d'un animal.The coded images can represent information hidden and revealed successively by changing the observation angle of the optical system. The security element can be configured to allow the observation of the succession of several images when the viewing direction changes, which is also called "animation effect". In the context of the invention, the term "animation" is to be understood in the broad sense. It can be several images of the same object, representing angles of different view, to bring a 3D effect or relief, rather than a motion effect. The combined image may correspond to the decomposition of the movement of a pattern, for example text, alphanumeric signs, ideograms, an object, a person and / or an animal. Coded images (also called more simply nested images) may represent successive steps in the movement of a pattern, for example an object, a person and / or an animal.

La trame de révélation peut avoir un contour de forme quelconque, par exemple circulaire, ovale, en étoile, polygonale, par exemple rectangulaire, carrée, hexagonale, pentagonale ou en losange, entre autres.The revelation screen may have any contour of shape, for example circular, oval, star, polygonal, for example rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal or diamond, among others.

Le contour de la trame de révélation peut par exemple représenter un texte, un signe alphanumérique, un idéogramme, un objet, une personne et/ou un animal.The outline of the revelation frame may for example represent a text, an alphanumeric sign, an ideogram, an object, a person and / or an animal.

Avantageusement, le système optique peut figurer dans une fenêtre d'un document de sécurité, la fenêtre étant au moins partiellement transparente ou translucide ou formée par un manque de matière, par exemple l'absence locale de papier au-dessus ou en dessous du système optique.Advantageously, the optical system may appear in a window of a security document, the window being at least partially transparent or translucent or formed by a lack of material, for example the local absence of paper above or below the system optical.

Des exemples de réalisation de fenêtres dans les documents de sécurité sont par exemple décrits dans GB 1 552 853 qui divulgue la création d'une fenêtre notamment par transparentisation, découpe laser, abrasion ou incision mécanique, EP 0 229 645 qui décrit la création à l'aide de masques d'une fenêtre sur une face ou sur les deux faces d'un papier bijet, WO 2004/096482 qui décrit la création d'une fenêtre par découpe laser, CA 2 471 379 qui décrit la création d'une fenêtre transparente et association avec un élément de sécurité et WO 2008/006983 qui décrit la création d'une fenêtre transparente sur un papier bijet.Examples of embodiment of windows in the security documents are for example described in GB 1 552 853 which discloses the creation of a window, in particular by means of transparency, laser cutting, abrasion or mechanical incision, EP 0 229 645 which describes the creation using masks of a window on one side or on both sides of a bijet paper, WO 2004/096482 which describes the creation of a laser cut window CA 2 471 379 which describes the creation of a transparent window and association with a security element and WO 2008/006983 which describes the creation of a transparent window on a bijet paper.

La fenêtre peut être traversante et l'élément de sécurité peut être au moins partiellement situé dans la fenêtre. L'observation des images codées peut aussi se faire du côté recto et du côté verso de la fenêtre.The window may be through and the security element may be at least partially located in the window. The observation of the coded images can also be done on the front side and the back side of the window.

Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est incorporé en fenêtre dans un article, soit dans une fenêtre traversante, soit apparaissant alternativement du côté d'une première face de l'article et du côté d'une deuxième face de l'article, par exemple opposée à la première, le fond peut être disposé alternativement de part et d'autre de l'élément de sécurité de sorte que les images imbriquées et/ou la trame de révélation soient observables à la fois depuis la première face de l'article et depuis la deuxième face de l'article.When the security element is incorporated in a window in an article, either in a through window or appearing alternately on the side of a first face of the article and on the side of a second face of the article, for example opposite at the first, the bottom may be arranged alternately on either side of the security element so that the nested images and / or the revelation frame are observable both from the first face of the article and from the second side of the article.

L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peuvent être portés sur le substrat par un procédé d'impression, par exemple offset, taille douce, laser, héliogravure ou sérigraphie. Par exemple, l'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peut être imprimée avec des encres colorées ou non, visibles à l'oeil nu, sous lumière ultraviolette (UV) et/ou infrarouge (IR), opaques ou luminescentes, notamment fluorescentes, thermochromes, photochromes, à effet interférentiel, notamment iridescentes, ou à effet optiquement variable selon l'angle d'observation (goniochromatiques), notamment comportant des cristaux liquides, métalliques ou non, magnétiques ou non, entre autres. L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peuvent encore comporter des métallisations et/ou démétallisations, par exemple en aluminium. Des métallisations et/ou des démétallisations peuvent être utilisées afin d'éviter la contrefaçon par impression. Des métallisations et/ou démétallisations peuvent encore être utilisées lorsque l'élément de sécurité est incorporé à un document de sécurité, notamment du type fil de sécurité. Lorsqu'une encre magnétique est utilisée, le motif dessiné peut constituer une signature magnétique permettant une authentification supplémentaire du substrat par détection de ladite signature.The combined image and / or the revelation screen may be carried on the substrate by a printing process, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing. For example, the combined image and / or the revelation screen may be printed with colored or non-colored inks, visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light, opaque or luminescent, in particular fluorescent, thermochromic, photochromic, interferential, in particular iridescent, or optically variable depending on the angle of observation (goniochromatic), including liquid crystals, metallic or not, magnetic or not, among others. The combined image and / or the revelation screen may also include metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example aluminum. Metallizations and / or demetallizations can be used to prevent counterfeiting by printing. Metallizations and / or demetallizations can still be used when the security element is incorporated in a security document, in particular of the security thread type. When a magnetic ink is used, the drawn pattern may constitute a magnetic signature allowing additional authentication of the substrate by detecting said signature.

L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peut encore être imprimée avec des cristaux liquides, de telle sorte que les images codées ne soient par exemple visibles qu'au travers d'un polariseur.The combined image and / or the revelation screen can still be printed with liquid crystals, so that the coded images are for example visible only through a polarizer.

Le système optique peut être porté par un patch et/ou un foil. Le patch et/ou le foil peut comporter des métallisations et/ou des démétallisations, par exemple en aluminium, ou tous types d'impressions. Le système optique peut encore être porté par un fil de sécurité, incorporé en surface, en masse ou en fenêtre(s) dans le document de sécurité. La largeur du fil de sécurité est par exemple comprise entre 3 et 20 mm, étant par exemple égale à 4 mm environ.The optical system can be carried by a patch and / or a foil. The patch and / or the foil may comprise metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example of aluminum, or all types of prints. The optical system can still be carried by a safety wire, incorporated in surface, mass or window (s) in the security document. The width of the security thread is for example between 3 and 20 mm, being for example equal to about 4 mm.

Le substrat du système optique peut comporter ou être constitué par une matière thermoplastique, par exemple une polyoléfine, par exemple du polyéthylène (PE), du polychlorure de vinyle (PVC), du polyester, du polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET), du polycarbonate (PC), du polyester carbonate (PEC), du polyéthylène téréphtalate glycol (PETG), de l'acrylonitryle butadiène styrène (ABS) ou un film collecteur de lumière par exemple du type « guide d'ondes », par exemple un film luminescent à base de polycarbonate commercialisé par la société BAYER sous la dénomination LISA®.The substrate of the optical system may comprise or consist of a thermoplastic material, for example a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light-collecting film, for example of the "waveguide" type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LISA ® .

Le substrat peut comporter des fibres cellulosiques et notamment du papier. En particulier, le substrat peut être un papier suffisamment translucide pour permettre de révéler les images codées, notamment un papier calque.The substrate may comprise cellulosic fibers and in particular paper. In particular, the substrate may be sufficiently translucent paper to allow revealing the coded images, including a tracing paper.

Le substrat peut également être transparentisé par application d'une composition généralement grasse qui le transparentise de façon permanente, par exemple une composition faite d'huile et de matériau minéral transparent, comme décrit dans le brevet US 2 021 141 , ou par exemple une composition sous forme d'une cire combinée à un solvant, comme décrit dans le brevet US 1 479 437 .The substrate may also be rendered transparent by application of a generally oily composition which permanently renders it transparent, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material, as described in US Pat. US 2,021,141 , or for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent, as described in the patent US 1,479,437 .

On peut aussi transparentiser le substrat en appliquant localement une cire par transfert à chaud, comme décrit dans le brevet US 5 118 526 .The substrate can also be made transparent by locally applying a wax by heat transfer, as described in the patent. US 5,118,526 .

On peut encore utiliser pour le substrat une couche fibreuse comportant une matière thermofusible, par exemple du polyéthylène, comme décrit dans le brevet EP 0 203 499 , qui sous l'action locale de la chaleur verra sa transparence varier.It is also possible for the substrate to use a fibrous layer comprising a hot-melt material, for example polyethylene, as described in patent EP 0 203 499 , which under the local action of heat will see its transparency vary.

La trame de révélation peut être située du côté de la deuxième face du substrat à l'opposé donc de l'image combinée. En variante, la trame de révélation peut recouvrir l'image combinée du côté de la première face du substrat et le système optique peut comporter une surface réfléchissante du côté de la deuxième face.The revelation frame may be located on the side of the second face of the substrate opposite to the combined image. Alternatively, the revelation frame may cover the combined image on the side of the first face of the substrate and the optical system may have a reflective surface on the side of the second face.

Cette surface réfléchissante est par exemple formée par une métallisation de la deuxième face du substrat. Il s'agit par exemple d'un dépôt de métal de 200 Å d'épaisseur ou d'un indice de réfraction suffisant pour provoquer une réflexion.This reflecting surface is for example formed by a metallization of the second face of the substrate. This is for example a metal deposit of 200 Å thick or a refractive index sufficient to cause reflection.

L'authentification et/ou l'identification peut se faire par observation de la face recto ou verso de l'élément de sécurité.The authentication and / or identification can be done by observation of the front or back side of the security element.

Notamment lorsque la trame de révélation et l'image combinée sont présentes respectivement de part et d'autre du substrat, on peut réaliser le fond avec une opacité suffisamment faible de sorte que les images codées peuvent être observées en réflexion côté recto, lequel coïncide par exemple avec le côté de la trame de révélation, mais également du côté verso. Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est intégré à un document de sécurité, par exemple en fenêtres, il peut être avantageux de rendre observables à la fois les côtés recto et verso de l'élément de sécurité.In particular, when the revelation screen and the combined image are present respectively on either side of the substrate, the background can be made with a sufficiently low opacity so that the coded images can be observed in recto-reflection, which coincides with example with the side of the revelation frame, but also on the back side. When the security element is integrated in a security document, for example in windows, it may be advantageous to render observable both the front and back sides of the security element.

Le fond, la trame de révélation et l'image combinée sont colorés. Cette coloration est par exemple une couleur unie ou dégradée, notamment un camaïeu. Selon une autre variante de l'invention, le fond présente un effet réfléchissant et/ou métallique, ce qui peut permettre d'apporter de la clarté ou de la luminosité à l'élément de sécurité.The background, the revelation frame and the combined image are colored. This coloration is for example a solid or degraded color, especially a shades. According to another variant of the invention, the bottom has a reflective effect and / or metallic, which can bring clarity or brightness to the security element.

Selon une autre variante, le fond est configuré pour présenter un effet optiquement variable, notamment un effet dépendant de l'illumination ou de l'angle d'observation, cet effet étant par exemple obtenu grâce à un ou plusieurs composés fluorescents ou phosphorescents ou grâce à des cristaux liquides. L'effet optiquement variable peut encore être obtenu grâce à une structure diffractive, tel qu'un hologramme.According to another variant, the base is configured to have an optically variable effect, in particular an effect depending on the illumination or the angle of observation, this effect being obtained for example by means of one or more fluorescent or phosphorescent compounds or by to liquid crystals. The optically variable effect can be further achieved by a diffractive structure, such as a hologram.

Le fond peut représenter un motif, par exemple un mot, un sigle, un code, un symbole, une image, un caractère alphanumérique ou un idéogramme. Le motif peut être observable en lumière transmise, notamment à partir du verso d'un document de sécurité auquel l'élément de sécurité est intégré, ce qui peut permettre de constituer une sécurisation supplémentaire du document de sécurité.The background can represent a pattern, for example a word, an acronym, a code, a symbol, an image, an alphanumeric character or an ideogram. The pattern can be observable in transmitted light, in particular from the back of a security document to which the security element is integrated, which can make it possible to provide additional security for the security document.

Un tel motif, notamment lorsqu'il est observable en réflexion, peut permettre de mettre en évidence un effet de mouvement entre deux images combinées de l'élément de sécurité.Such a pattern, especially when observable in reflection, can make it possible to highlight a movement effect between two combined images of the security element.

Il peut être avantageux, notamment de réaliser la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée chacune avec au moins deux couleurs superposées, de façon à ce que côté verso les images codées soient observées d'une première couleur et côté recto d'une deuxième couleur.It may be advantageous, in particular to produce the revelation screen and / or the image, each combined with at least two superimposed colors, so that on the reverse side the coded images are observed of a first color and a front side of a color. second color.

La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être monochromatiques ou polychromatiques. En particulier, au moins une image codée de l'image combinée peut être monochromatique ou polychromatique. Les images codées imbriquées peuvent encore être réalisées au moins en partie avec des encres thermochromiques et/ou photochromiques. De la sorte, seule une partie des images codées peut par exemple être observable dans des conditions d'éclairage et/ou de température prédéfinies.The revelation frame and / or the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic. In particular, at least one coded image of the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic. The nested encoded images can still be made at least in part with thermochromic and / or photochromic inks. In this way, only a part of the coded images can for example be observable under predefined lighting and / or temperature conditions.

L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peuvent être réalisées avec des couleurs différentes. De la sorte, il peut être possible d'obtenir un effet d'animation coloré lors de l'observation des images codées.The combined image and / or the revelation frame can be made with different colors. In this way, it may be possible to obtain a colored animation effect when observing the coded images.

L'utilisation de couleur pour réaliser l'élément de sécurité peut permettre de sécuriser encore davantage un article intégrant un tel élément de sécurité. La plupart des imprimantes utilisent la quadrichromie avec les couleurs « noir », « cyan », « magenta » et «jaune ». Une photocopieuse de résolution maximale égale à 1200 dpi peut reproduire une image combinée noire pour laquelle la largeur d'un trait d'une image codée est de 21 µm ou plus. Cependant, pour reproduire les couleurs, notamment les couleurs différentes du noir, du cyan, du magenta ou du jaune, cette photocopieuse utilise des trames de cyan, de magenta et de jaune. La résolution effective maximale de cette photocopieuse en reproduction d'une image combinée est ainsi estimée à environ 1200 / 3 = 400 dpi. Une telle résolution correspond à une image combinée pour laquelle la largeur d'un trait d'une image codée est 63 µm ou plus. L'augmentation de la résolution de la trame et de l'image combinée et/ou l'utilisation de couleur peut ainsi permettre d'augmenter le niveau de sécurisation de l'élément de sécurité.The use of color to achieve the security element may make it possible to further secure an article incorporating such a security element. Most printers use four color process with "black", "cyan", "magenta" and "yellow" colors. A photocopier with a maximum resolution of 1200 dpi can reproduce a black combined image for which the width of a line of an encoded image is 21 μm or more. However, to reproduce colors, such as the different colors of black, cyan, magenta, or yellow, this copier uses cyan, magenta, and yellow frames. The maximum effective resolution of this copier in reproduction of a combined image is thus estimated at about 1200/3 = 400 dpi. Such a resolution corresponds to a combined image for which the width of a line of an encoded image is 63 μm or more. Increasing the resolution of the frame and the combined image and / or the use of color can thus increase the security level of the security element.

Par exemple, toutes les images codées imbriquées de l'image combinée peuvent avoir la même couleur et la trame de révélation une couleur différente. En variante, les images codées imbriquées de l'image combinée peuvent avoir des couleurs différentes et la trame de révélation une couleur différente de celles des images codées imbriquées ou semblable à la couleur d'au moins une des images codées imbriquées.For example, all nested coded images of the combined image may have the same color and the revelation frame a different color. Alternatively, the nested encoded images of the combined image may have different colors and the revelation field may have a different color than the nested encoded or color-like images of at least one of the nested encoded images.

Le fond a une couleur différente de celles des images codées imbriquées et de la trame de révélation. couleur différente de celles des images codées imbriquées et de la trame de révélation.The background has a different color than the nested coded images and the revelation frame. different color from nested coded images and the revelation frame.

La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être ou non opaques. En particulier, la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être au moins partiellement translucides ou transparentes et par exemple colorées ou absorbant à une longueur d'onde donnée dans l'UV ou IR.The revelation frame and / or the combined image may or may not be opaque. In particular, the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be at least partially translucent or transparent and for example colored or absorbent at a given wavelength in the UV or IR.

L'élément de sécurité peut encore comporter deux trames de révélation associées respectivement à deux images combinées, l'orientation des bandes d'une des trames de révélation étant différente de celle de l'autre trame de révélation. Lorsque les bandes sont non rectilignes, leur orientation est définie par la direction générale dans laquelle elles s'étendent.The security element may also comprise two revelation frames associated respectively with two combined images, the orientation of the bands of one of the revelation frames being different from that of the other revelation frame. When the strips are non-rectilinear, their orientation is defined by the general direction in which they extend.

L'élément de sécurité peut comporter deux trames de révélation juxtaposées ou non, superposées ou non, comportant des bandes ayant des orientations différentes ou non. Une des trames de révélation peut être totalement ou partiellement entourée par l'autre trame de révélation. La zone éventuelle de superposition des trames de révélation peut faire apparaître une forme de quadrillage lorsque les bandes des trames de révélation ont des orientations différentes.The security element may comprise two revealing frames juxtaposed or not, superimposed or not, with bands having different orientations or not. One of the revelation frames may be wholly or partially surrounded by the other revelation frame. The possible area of superposition of the revelation frames may reveal a grid pattern when the bands of the revelation frames have different orientations.

L'épaisseur du substrat est comprise par exemple entre 10 µm et 1 mm, notamment entre 6 µm et 1 mm, de préférence entre 6 µm et 300 µm, de préférence entre 10 et 100 µm, étant par exemple comprise entre 30 µm et 50 µm. Elle peut encore être inférieure à 50 µm, notamment à 25 µm. La période de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée est de préférence inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur du substrat.The thickness of the substrate is for example between 10 μm and 1 mm, in particular between 6 μm and 1 mm, preferably between 6 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 10 and 100 μm, being for example between 30 μm and 50 μm. .mu.m. It can still be less than 50 microns, especially 25 microns. The period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate.

Un élément de sécurité avec une résolution de l'image combinée et/ou de la trame de révélation supérieure ou égale à 800 dpi, ainsi qu'une épaisseur de substrat et une relation entre période de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée et épaisseur du substrat tel que ci-dessus peut permettre d'obtenir une animation visible à l'oeil nu, malgré la finesse de la trame et de l'image combinée, et renforcer la sécurité du dispositif vis-à-vis de photocopies de ce dernier.A security element with a resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation field greater than or equal to 800 dpi, as well as a substrate thickness and a relation between the period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image and thickness of the substrate as above can provide an animation visible to the naked eye, despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, and enhance the safety of the device vis-à-vis photocopies of the latter.

Le nombre d'images codées imbriquées est compris par exemple entre 2 et 15, notamment entre 2 et 5, étant de préférence supérieur ou égal à 3. La distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée peut être comprise entre 2 µm et 1 mm, notamment entre 10 µm et 1 mm, étant de préférence sensiblement égale à la période de la trame de révélation. La largeur d'un élément constitutif d'une image codée est de préférence inférieure ou égale à 500 µm, mieux 100 µm. La largeur d'une bande opacifiante de la trame de révélation est de préférence inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur du substrat, notamment à 1 mm.The number of interleaved coded images is, for example, between 2 and 15, in particular between 2 and 5, preferably being greater than or equal to 3. The distance between two elements constituting the same coded image may be between 2 μm and 1 mm, in particular between 10 .mu.m and 1 mm, preferably being substantially equal to the period of the revealing frame. The width of a constituent element of a coded image is preferably less than or equal to 500 μm, better 100 μm. The width of an opacifying strip of the revealing frame is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate, especially at 1 mm.

La trame de révélation peut comporter des bandes opacifiantes à bords parallèles, éventuellement non rectilignes. La présence de bandes opacifiantes à bords non rectilignes peut rendre plus difficile la reproduction du système optique par un contrefacteur.The revelation screen may comprise opacifying strips with parallel edges, possibly non-rectilinear. The presence of opacifying tapes with non-rectilinear edges may make it more difficult for the counterfeiter to reproduce the optical system.

La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être dépourvues de couche de métal.The revelation frame and / or the combined image may be devoid of a metal layer.

L'élément de sécurité peut encore comporter une trame de révélation comportant au moins une première zone fluorescente capable d'émettre par fluorescence, dans une condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière visible d'une première couleur, et une image combinée comportant au moins une deuxième zone fluorescente capable d'émettre par fluorescence, dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière visible d'une deuxième couleur, différente de la première, l'une au moins des première et deuxième zones fluorescentes, notamment les deux, étant au moins partiellement opaques, au moins dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, et les première et deuxième zones fluorescentes se superposant au moins partiellement de manière à ce que, dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière traversant successivement les deux zones fluorescentes présente une troisième couleur différente des première et deuxième couleurs. En particulier, l'élément de sécurité peut utiliser le principe décrit dans la demande internationale WO 2006/051231 . La condition d'éclairage prédéfinie peut notamment correspondre à un éclairage ultraviolet, notamment de longueur d'onde proche du visible ou à un éclairage infrarouge, selon les composés fluorescents utilisés. L'une au moins des première et deuxième zones fluorescentes, notamment les deux, peuvent être sensiblement incolores en lumière blanche.The security element may also comprise a revelation frame comprising at least a first fluorescent zone capable of fluorescently emitting, in a predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a first color, and a combined image comprising at least a second fluorescent zone capable of emitting fluorescence, in the predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a second color, different from the first, at least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, being at least partially opaque, at least in the predefined lighting condition, and the first and second fluorescent zones overlapping at least partially so that, in the predefined illumination condition, a light passing successively through the two fluorescent zones has a third color different from the first and second colors. In particular, the security element may use the principle described in the international application WO 2006/051231 . The predefined lighting condition can in particular correspond to ultraviolet lighting, especially near-visible wavelength or infrared lighting, depending on the fluorescent compounds used. At least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, may be substantially colorless in white light.

L'élément de sécurité peut comporter une pluralité de systèmes optiques associés à des directions d'observations différentes. Par exemple, l'élément de sécurité peut comporter une alternance de systèmes optiques associés à deux directions perpendiculaires respectives, notamment des systèmes optiques dont les trames de révélation respectives ont des orientations perpendiculaires.The security element may include a plurality of optical systems associated with different observation directions. For example, the security element may comprise an alternation of optical systems associated with two respective perpendicular directions, in particular optical systems whose respective revelation frames have perpendicular orientations.

L'élément de sécurité peut être recouvert totalement ou en partie d'un matériau invisible en illumination « normale », c'est-à-dire lorsqu'illuminé par la lumière du jour ou une source de lumière artificielle. Ce matériau invisible en illumination normale est par exemple un matériau visible, sous une illumination spécifique, notamment un matériau luminescent, par exemple un matériau fluorescent ou phosphorescent visible sous une illumination UV ou IR.The security element may be totally or partially covered with invisible material in "normal" illumination, ie when illuminated by daylight or an artificial light source. This invisible material in normal illumination is for example a visible material, under a specific illumination, in particular a luminescent material, for example a fluorescent or phosphorescent material visible under UV or IR illumination.

En variante, le matériau peut comprendre des cristaux liquides nématiques visibles sur un fond réfléchissant (la trame et/ou l'image et/ou le fond étant alors réfléchissants) avec un filtre polarisant, notamment circulaire.Alternatively, the material may comprise nematic liquid crystals visible on a reflective background (the frame and / or the image and / or the background then being reflective) with a polarizing filter, in particular circular.

La couverture totale ou partielle de l'élément de sécurité par un tel matériau invisible en illumination « normale » peut former une sécurisation supplémentaire sous forme d'un motif, par exemple d'un mot, sigle, code, symbole, image, caractère alphanumérique ou idéogramme.The total or partial coverage of the security element by such an invisible material in "normal" illumination can form additional security in the form of a pattern, for example a word, acronym, code, symbol, image, alphanumeric character or ideogram.

En variante, ledit matériau invisible en illumination « normale » ne recouvre pas l'élément de sécurité mais est disposé entre la trame et l'image, étant alors observable partiellement mais de façon suffisante.Alternatively, said invisible material in "normal" illumination does not cover the security element but is disposed between the frame and the image, being then partially but sufficiently observable.

L'emploi d'un matériau invisible en illumination « normale » peut ainsi conférer une sécurisation supplémentaire de deuxième niveau à l'élément de sécurité, un élément de sécurité de deuxième niveau étant défini plus bas.The use of an invisible material in "normal" illumination can thus provide additional security of the second level to the security element, a second level security element being defined below.

L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un article de sécurité, notamment un document de sécurité, incorporant un élément de sécurité tel que défini ci-dessus. Un tel article de sécurité peut incorporer des fibres papetières. Les faces recto et verso de l'élément de sécurité peuvent avantageusement être observables.The invention further relates, in another aspect, to a security article, including a security document, incorporating a security element as defined above. Such a security article may incorporate paper fibers. The front and back sides of the security element can advantageously be observable.

Le substrat de l'article de sécurité peut avantageusement constituer un fond pour l'élément de sécurité tel que décrit précédemment.The substrate of the security article may advantageously constitute a background for the security element as described above.

En particulier, le substrat peut comporter, notamment au niveau de la région de superposition à la trame de révélation et/ou à l'image combinée, des propriétés analogues à celles décrites précédemment pour le fond de l'élément de sécurité.In particular, the substrate may comprise, in particular at the region of superposition to the revelation frame and / or the combined image, properties similar to those described above for the bottom of the security element.

L'élément de sécurité peut ainsi être dépourvu de fond tel que décrit précédemment du fait de la présence du substrat de l'article de sécurité.The security element may thus be devoid of background as described above because of the presence of the substrate of the security article.

L'article de sécurité peut encore comporter une perforation dans laquelle est placé au moins partiellement l'élément de sécurité, ce dernier correspondant par exemple à la juxtaposition de deux sous-éléments, notamment sous forme de foils ou patchs, comportant respectivement une trame de révélation et l'image combinée correspondante.The security article may also comprise a perforation in which the security element is placed at least partially, the latter corresponding, for example, to the juxtaposition of two sub-elements, in particular in the form of foils or patches, respectively comprising a frame of revelation and the corresponding combined image.

Les sous-éléments peuvent recouvrir au moins partiellement les bords de la perforation, avec ou sans compensation d'épaisseur.The sub-elements may at least partially cover the edges of the perforation, with or without thickness compensation.

L'article de sécurité peut encore comporter une trame de révélation ou une image combinée réalisée sous forme d'impressions et un sous-élément, notamment sous forme de foil ou patch, recouvrant au moins partiellement les impressions formées, le sous-élément comportant l'image combinée ou la trame de révélation correspondante. Les impressions de l'image combinée peuvent par exemple être réalisées sur la surface de l'article de sécurité.The security article may also comprise a revelation frame or a combined image made in the form of prints and a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, at least partially covering the impressions formed, the sub-element comprising the combined image or the corresponding revelation frame. The prints of the combined image may for example be made on the surface of the security article.

Le ou chaque sous-élément peut comporter un substrat transparent ou translucide.The or each sub-element may comprise a transparent or translucent substrate.

Le ou chaque sous-élément, notamment le patch ou le foil, peut être incorporé à l'article de sécurité par collage ou par incorporation au substrat fibreux de l'article lors de sa fabrication.The or each sub-element, in particular the patch or the foil, may be incorporated into the security article by gluing or by incorporation into the fibrous substrate of the article during its manufacture.

L'invention a encore pour objet un procédé d'authentification selon la revendication 15. L'observation peut par exemple se faire côtés recto et verso du substrat.The invention also relates to an authentication method according to claim 15. The observation can for example be made on the front and back side of the substrate.

L'article ou objet, ou encore l'élément de sécurité notamment sous forme de fil, de patch ou de foil de sécurité, peut comporter un ou plusieurs autres éléments de sécurité, tels que définis ci-après.The article or object, or even the security element, especially in the form of a wire, a patch or a security foil, may include one or more other security elements, as defined below.

De façon générale, parmi les éléments de sécurité, certains sont détectables à l'oeil nu, en lumière du jour ou en lumière artificielle, sans utilisation d'un appareil particulier. Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des fibres ou planchettes colorées, des fils imprimés ou métallisés totalement ou partiellement. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de premier niveau.In general, among the security elements, some are detectable to the naked eye, in daylight or artificial light, without the use of a particular device. These security elements comprise for example fibers or small boards colored, fully or partially printed or metallized threads. These security elements are called first level.

D'autres types d'éléments de sécurité sont détectables seulement à l'aide d'un appareil relativement simple, tel qu'une lampe émettant dans l'ultra-violet (UV) ou l'infrarouge (IR). Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des fibres, des planchettes, des bandes, des fils ou des particules. Ces éléments de sécurité peuvent être visibles à l'oeil nu ou non, étant par exemple luminescents sous un éclairage d'une lampe de Wood émettant dans une longueur d'onde de 365 nm. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de deuxième niveau.Other types of security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR). These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.

D'autres types d'éléments de sécurité encore nécessitent pour leur détection un appareil de détection plus sophistiqué. Ces éléments de sécurité sont par exemple capables de générer un signal spécifique lorsqu'ils sont soumis, de manière simultanée ou non, à une ou plusieurs sources d'excitation extérieure. La détection automatique du signal permet d'authentifier, le cas échéant, le document. Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des traceurs se présentant sous la forme de matières actives, de particules ou de fibres, capables de générer un signal spécifique lorsque ces traceurs sont soumis à une excitation optronique, électrique, magnétique ou électromagnétique. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de troisième niveau.Other types of security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device. These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. The automatic detection of the signal makes it possible to authenticate, if necessary, the document. These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of active materials, particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.

Les éléments de sécurité présents au sein de l'article de sécurité peuvent présenter des caractéristiques de sécurité de premier, de deuxième et/ou de troisième niveau.Security features within the security article may have first, second, and / or third level security features.

Selon une variante particulière de l'invention, l'élément de sécurité comporte une impression fluorescente sous illumination UV. La sécurité de premier niveau apportée par l'élément de sécurité selon l'invention est ainsi complétée par une sécurité de deuxième niveau, notamment un motif, observée sous illumination UV.According to a particular variant of the invention, the security element comprises a fluorescent printing under UV illumination. The first-level security provided by the security element according to the invention is thus complemented by second-level security, in particular a pattern, observed under UV illumination.

Le système optique peut comporter au moins deux images combinées et une trame unique permettant, lors d'un changement de l'angle d'observation, d'observer successivement les images imbriquées des deux images combinées . Les deux images combinées peuvent être disposées de manière à ce qu'un mouvement relatif d'une image combinée à l'autre soit perçu par un utilisateur lors d'un changement de la direction d'observation de l'élément de sécurité relativement au système optique.The optical system may comprise at least two combined images and a single frame allowing, during a change of the observation angle, to successively observe the nested images of the two combined images. The two combined images may be arranged in such a way that a relative movement of one image combined with the other is perceived by a user upon a change in the viewing direction of the security element relative to the system. optical.

Le substrat peut comporter au moins deux couches distinctes et le système optique peut comporter au moins deux images combinées, l'une d'entre elles étant disposée en regard, notamment sur, une face externe d'une des couches du substrat et l'autre image combinée étant disposée entre les deux couches.The substrate may comprise at least two distinct layers and the optical system may comprise at least two combined images, one of them being arranged facing one another, in particular on one external face of one of the layers of the substrate and the other combined image being disposed between the two layers.

Les deux couches du substrat peuvent présenter la même épaisseur. Ces deux couches peuvent être transparentes.The two layers of the substrate may have the same thickness. These two layers can be transparent.

Chaque image combinée peut comprendre une pluralité d'images codées imbriquées.Each combined image may comprise a plurality of nested encoded images.

Chaque image combinée peut comprendre le même nombre d'images codées et/ou chaque image combinée peut avoir la même résolution, notamment une des valeurs de résolution mentionnées ci-dessus et/ou la distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée de la première image combinée peut être égale à la distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée de la deuxième image combinée.Each combined image may comprise the same number of coded images and / or each combined image may have the same resolution, in particular one of the resolution values mentioned above and / or the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image of the first combined image may be equal to the distance between two constituent elements of the same coded image of the second combined image.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en oeuvre non limitatifs de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 représente en coupe, de façon schématique et partielle, un exemple de système optique réalisé conformément à un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente, en vue de face, à échelle agrandie, un exemple de trame de révélation,
  • la figure 3 illustre la décomposition de l'image combinée en images codées,
  • la figure 4 illustre la formation d'une image codée,
  • la figure 5 représente une succession d'images codées telle qu'elle peut être observée quand l'angle d'observation varie,
  • les figures 6A à 6H représentent d'autres exemples de trames de révélation,
  • les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues similaires à la figure 1, de variantes de réalisation de systèmes optiques, dont la variante de la figure 7 n'est pas réalisée conformément à l'invention,
  • la figure 9 illustre la possibilité de faire varier l'inclinaison en déformant le substrat,
  • la figure 10 représente un élément de sécurité comportant plusieurs systèmes optiques correspondant à des directions d'observation respectives différentes,
  • les figures 11 et 12 représentent deux exemples de documents de sécurité équipés d'éléments de sécurité selon l'invention,
  • les figures 13A, 13B et 13C représentent des exemples de documents de sécurité intégrant des éléments de sécurité selon l'invention,
  • les figures 14A et 14B représentent un exemple de document de sécurité comportant des éléments de sécurité selon l'invention, respectivement après photocopie et avant photocopie,
  • les figures 15 et 16 illustrent des variantes d'observation d'éléments de sécurité selon l'invention,
  • la figure 17 illustre un autre exemple d'article de sécurité selon l'invention,
  • la figure 18 illustre une variante de réalisation de la trame de révélation et de l'image combinée,
  • les figures 19 et 20 illustrent des variantes de réalisation d'articles de sécurité selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 21 illustre une autre variante de réalisation d'articles de sécurité selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents in section, schematically and partially, an example of an optical system produced according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents, in front view, on an enlarged scale, an example of a revelation frame,
  • the figure 3 illustrates the decomposition of the combined image into coded images,
  • the figure 4 illustrates the formation of a coded image,
  • the figure 5 represents a succession of coded images as can be observed when the observation angle varies,
  • the Figures 6A to 6H represent other examples of revelation frames,
  • the Figures 7 and 8 are views similar to the figure 1 , variant embodiments of optical systems, the variant of which figure 7 is not made according to the invention,
  • the figure 9 illustrates the possibility of varying the inclination by deforming the substrate,
  • the figure 10 represents a security element comprising a plurality of optical systems corresponding to different respective viewing directions,
  • the Figures 11 and 12 represent two examples of security documents equipped with security elements according to the invention,
  • the Figures 13A, 13B and 13C represent examples of security documents incorporating security elements according to the invention,
  • the Figures 14A and 14B represent an example of a security document comprising security elements according to the invention, respectively after photocopying and before photocopying,
  • the Figures 15 and 16 illustrate variants of observation of security elements according to the invention,
  • the figure 17 illustrates another example of a security article according to the invention,
  • the figure 18 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the revelation frame and the combined image,
  • the Figures 19 and 20 illustrate alternative embodiments of security articles according to the invention, and
  • the figure 21 illustrates another alternative embodiment of security articles according to the invention.

On a représenté à la figure 1 un élément de sécurité 1 réalisé conformément à l'invention, qui comporte un substrat 2 non opaque, par exemple parfaitement transparent, ayant une première face 2a portant une pluralité d'images codées I1, I2, ..., In imbriquées, les élément constitutifs 3 de ces images se présentant par exemple sous la forme de traits continus ou discontinus, le plus souvent discontinus. L'ensemble des images codées I1, ..., In forme une image combinée I, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3.We have shown figure 1 a security element 1 made according to the invention, which comprises a non-opaque substrate 2, for example perfectly transparent, having a first face 2a carrying a plurality of coded images I 1 , I 2 , ..., I n imbricated , the constituent elements 3 of these images being for example in the form of continuous or discontinuous lines, most often discontinuous. The set of coded images I 1 ,..., I n forms a combined image I, as can be seen in FIG. figure 3 .

La deuxième face 2b du substrat 2, opposée à la première, porte une trame de révélation 4 (encore appelée filtre de décomposition) comportant des bandes opacifiantes 5 (ou traits).The second face 2b of the substrate 2, opposite the first, carries a revelation screen 4 (also called decomposition filter) comprising opacifying strips 5 (or lines).

La trame de révélation 4 est composée d'un motif périodique, en l'espèce la bande opacifiante 5, de période p constante, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2. La périodicité est observée parallèlement au sens du déplacement relatif X entre le système optique et l'observateur permettant d'observer les différentes images codées.The revelation screen 4 is composed of a periodic pattern, in this case the opacifying strip 5, of constant p period, as can be seen on the figure 2 . The periodicity is observed parallel to the direction of relative displacement X between the optical system and the observer to observe the different coded images.

La réalisation la plus simple de la trame de révélation 4 est une succession de bandes opacifiantes 5 de largeur constante à intervalles réguliers, comme illustré à la figure 2. La période p correspond à la somme de la largeur d'une bande opacifiante 5 et d'un intervalle transparent entre deux bandes opacifiantes 5 consécutives. Dans l'exemple illustré, chacune des bandes opacifiantes 5 est orientée perpendiculairement à l'axe de déplacement relatif X.The simplest embodiment of the revealing frame 4 is a succession of opacifying strips 5 of constant width at regular intervals, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 . The period p corresponds to the sum of the width of an opacifying strip 5 and of a transparent interval between two consecutive opacifying strips 5. In the illustrated example, each of the opacifying strips 5 is oriented perpendicularly to the relative displacement axis X.

La trame de révélation 4 peut comporter d'autres motifs que des bandes de largeur constante à bords rectilignes et parallèles, comme des créneaux ou des ondulations, tel qu'illustré respectivement aux figures 6A et 6B.The revelation weft 4 may comprise other patterns than strips of constant width with straight and parallel edges, such as crenellations or corrugations, as illustrated respectively in FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B .

L'élément de sécurité 1 comporte encore un fond 30 tel que l'image combinée I se situe entre le fond 30 et le substrat 2.The security element 1 also comprises a bottom 30 such that the combined image I is situated between the bottom 30 and the substrate 2.

Le fond 30 peut être réalisé tel que décrit précédemment. En particulier, le fond 30 peut être imprimé ou métallisé. Le fond 30 peut être fixé à l'image combinée I par exemple par collage.The bottom 30 may be made as described above. In particular, the bottom 30 can be printed or metallized. The bottom 30 can be attached to the combined image I for example by gluing.

Le fond 30 peut comporter des particules fluorescentes et/ou phosphorescentes, et l'observation peut se faire sous un éclairage prédéfini, par exemple UV et/ou IR.The bottom 30 may comprise fluorescent and / or phosphorescent particles, and the observation can be done under predefined lighting, for example UV and / or IR.

L'image combinée (I), le fond (30) et la trame de révélation (4) peuvent être ou non de couleurs différentes. L'image combinée (I) et la trame de révélation (4) peuvent avoir la même couleur et le fond (30) être d'une autre couleur, notamment plus foncée.The combined image (I), the background (30) and the revelation screen (4) may or may not be of different colors. The combined image (I) and the revelation screen (4) may have the same color and the background (30) be of another color, especially darker.

La présence du fond 30 peut permettre d'améliorer l'observation des images codées du côté de la face 2b du substrat 2, notamment par l'apparition d'un effet de contraste dû par exemple aux différences de couleurs entre la trame de révélation 4, l'image combinée I et le fond 30.The presence of the bottom 30 may make it possible to improve the observation of the coded images on the side of the face 2b of the substrate 2, in particular by the appearance of a contrast effect due, for example, to the color differences between the revealing frame 4 , the combined image I and the background 30.

Si N est le nombre total d'images codées, une relation possible entre la période p de la trame de révélation, la largeur w de la zone transparente entre deux bandes opacifiantes 5 de la trame 4 et le nombre N est : N = p / w .

Figure imgb0001
If N is the total number of coded images, a possible relation between the period p of the revelation frame, the width w of the transparent area between two opacifying bands 5 of the frame 4 and the number N is: NOT = p / w .
Figure imgb0001

Les intervalles transparents 8 de la trame de révélation 4 peuvent permettre, si on le souhaite, de révéler une seule image à la fois. Une image codée correspond alors aux parties de l'image combinée présentes dans les intervalles transparents de la trame pour un angle d'observation donné. Chaque image codée peut être visible en décalant l'observation de la largeur d'un intervalle transparent 8.The transparent intervals 8 of the revelation frame 4 may allow, if desired, to reveal a single image at a time. A coded image then corresponds to the parts of the combined image present in the transparent intervals of the frame for a given angle of observation. Each coded picture can be visible by shifting the observation of the width of a transparent interval 8.

Tous les éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée sont disposés, dans l'exemple décrit, avec la même période p que des bandes opacifiantes de la trame de révélation 4, selon l'axe X.All the constituent elements of the same coded image are arranged, in the example described, with the same period p as opacifying bands of the revelation frame 4, along the X axis.

On a illustré à la figure 3 un exemple de formation d'une image combinée 1 en additionnant une pluralité d'images codées, par exemple quatre images codées I1 à I4.We illustrated at the figure 3 an example of forming a combined image 1 by adding a plurality of coded images, for example four coded images I 1 to I 4 .

On a illustré à la figure 4 la réalisation d'une image codée Ii à partir d'une image originelle J à laquelle on soustrait l'image de la trame de révélation 4.We illustrated at the figure 4 the production of an encoded image I i from an original image J to which the image of the revelation frame 4 is subtracted.

On a représenté à la figure 5 l'aspect des différentes images I1 à I4, quand l'angle d'observation a représenté sur la figure 1, relativement au système optique, change. L'animation correspondant aux images codées peut être révélée en réflexion, côté trame de révélation ou côté image combinée, par exemple en fonction de l'opacité du fond 30.We have shown figure 5 the appearance of the different images I 1 to I 4 , when the observation angle represented on the figure 1 , relative to the optical system, changes. The animation corresponding to the coded images may be revealed in reflection, revealing frame side or combined image side, for example depending on the opacity of the background 30.

Par ailleurs, bien qu'une seule trame de révélation serve à la création de l'image combinée, plusieurs trames de révélation différentes peuvent être utilisées pour révéler les images codées.On the other hand, although only one revelation frame is used to create the combined image, several different revelation frames can be used to reveal the encoded images.

Par exemple, toutes les trames de révélation conservant la même période et le même motif que la trame initiale, dans le sens perpendiculaire à la translation, mais avec une largeur d'intervalle transparent différente, peuvent être utilisées, comme illustré aux figures 6C à 6E. Cela peut permettre de visualiser plusieurs images codées en même temps, ce qui peut apporter de la clarté à l'animation, au détriment de la définition.For example, all the revelation frames retaining the same period and the same pattern as the initial field, in the direction perpendicular to the translation, but with a different transparent gap width, can be used, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 6C to 6E . This can make it possible to visualize several coded images at the same time, which can bring clarity to the animation, to the detriment of the definition.

Des trames de révélation ayant une période multiple de la période p de la trame initiale fonctionnent aussi, ce qui équivaut à artificiellement augmenter le nombre N d'images codées au détriment de la définition des images, comme illustré aux figures 6F à 6G.Revelation frames having a period multiple of the period p of the initial frame also work, which amounts to artificially increasing the number N of coded images to the detriment of the definition of the images, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 6F to 6G .

Bien entendu, diverses actions sur la période p et sur la largeur de l'intervalle transparent 8 peuvent être simultanément réalisées, comme illustré à la figure 6H.Of course, various actions over the period p and over the width of the transparent interval 8 can be simultaneously performed, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 6H .

Pour pouvoir visualiser toutes les images codées jusqu'à un angle d'inclinaison d'environ 45°, la période p est de préférence inférieure ou égale à approximativement l'épaisseur e du substrat, comme représentée sur la figure 1.In order to be able to view all the coded images up to an inclination angle of about 45 °, the period p is preferably less than or equal to approximately the thickness e of the substrate, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .

Un fil de sécurité présente généralement une épaisseur maximale de 50 µm, ce qui correspond à une trame de période inférieure ou égale à 50 µm.A safety wire generally has a maximum thickness of 50 microns, which corresponds to a frame of less than or equal to 50 microns period.

Dans le cas où l'on prévoit quatre images imbriquées, les traits 3 composant les images imbriquées présenteront en général une largeur inférieure ou égale à 12,5 µm. le système permettant de former l'image combinée ayant alors une résolution minimale de 2,54.10-2 / 12,5.10-6, c'est-à-dire de 2032 points par pouce (ppp ou dpi).In the case where four nested images are provided, the lines 3 composing the nested images will generally have a width of less than or equal to 12.5 μm. the system for forming the combined image then having a minimum resolution of 2.54 × 10 -2 / 12.5 × 10 -6 , i.e., 2032 dots per inch (dpi or dpi).

La trame peut alors se présenter sous la forme d'une succession de traits de 3 x 12,5 = 37,5 µm de largeur et séparés par une distance de 12,5 µm.The weft can then be in the form of a succession of lines of 3 × 12.5 = 37.5 μm in width and separated by a distance of 12.5 μm.

Par exemple, si un substrat d'environ 100 µm d'épaisseur e est utilisé, la période p de la trame est inférieure à 100 µm et les éléments constitutifs sous forme de traits 3 composant les images codées sont inférieurs à 33 µm, dans le cas de trois images par animation.For example, if a substrate of about 100 μm thick e is used, the period p of the frame is less than 100 microns and the constituent elements in the form of lines 3 composing the coded images are less than 33 microns, in the case of three images by animation.

Une largeur de 12,5 µm correspond à environ 2000 dpi, ce qui représente une limite pour les imprimantes conventionnelles qui ont généralement une définition maximum de 600 dpi, voire 1200 dpi, ce qui constitue un facteur de sécurité, notamment de sécurité anti-copie ou anti-photocopie.A width of 12.5 μm corresponds to about 2000 dpi, which is a limit for conventional printers that generally have a maximum definition of 600 dpi, or 1200 dpi, which is a factor of security, including copy protection or anti-photocopy.

Il peut ainsi être avantageux d'avoir un substrat dont l'épaisseur e est inférieure ou égale à 30 µm, mieux 25 µm, par exemple comprise entre 20 et 30 µm, voire 20 et 25 µm, bornes incluses ou exclues.It may thus be advantageous to have a substrate whose thickness e is less than or equal to 30 μm, better 25 μm, for example between 20 and 30 μm, or even 20 and 25 μm, limits included or excluded.

Une trame de révélation suffisamment fine permet d'apporter une sécurité anti-photocopie et l'existence de plusieurs images codées ayant des détails à visualiser selon des directions d'observations différentes crée aussi une protection contre l'utilisation de scanners.A sufficiently fine revelation frame makes it possible to provide anti-photocopying security and the existence of several coded images having details to be viewed according to different observation directions also creates a protection against the use of scanners.

Par ailleurs, l'oeil humain ne percevant pas les détails inférieurs à approximativement 200 µm, une trame de révélation suffisamment fine apparaît d'aspect homogène, par exemple grise lors de l'utilisation de bandes opacifiantes noires. Malgré la finesse de la trame de révélation, l'animation peut être conservée, comportant des images codées d'échelle supérieure au millimètre, qui contrastent avec l'aspect homogène de la trame.Furthermore, since the human eye does not perceive details less than approximately 200 μm, a sufficiently fine revelation screen appears with a homogeneous appearance, for example gray when black opacifying strips are used. Despite the fineness of the revelation frame, the animation can be preserved, with coded images of scale greater than one millimeter, which contrast with the homogeneous appearance of the frame.

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, on pourrait penser que les valeurs de résolution précédemment mentionnées sont trop importantes pour permettre l'observation d'un effet optique, cette impression étant corroborée par le fait que l'oeil ne peut distinguer les lignes de la trame et voit celle-ci comme un aplat homogène.As explained above, one might think that the resolution values mentioned above are too important to allow the observation of an optical effect, this impression being corroborated by the fact that the eye can not distinguish the lines of the frame and sees this one as a flat solid.

On peut considérer que le pouvoir de résolution de l'oeil humain est d'une minute d'arc, correspondant pour une distance d'observation de 30 cm, acceptable dans le cas d'un document de sécurité à une valeur de 2 x tan (1/120) x 30.10-2 = 87.10-6 m soit 87 µm.It can be considered that the resolving power of the human eye is one minute of arc, corresponding for an observation distance of 30 cm, acceptable in the case of a security document at a value of 2 x tan (1/120) x 30.10 -2 = 87.10 -6 m, ie 87 μm.

Malgré la finesse de la trame et de l'image combinée, les images imbriquées peuvent être successivement visibles lors d'un changement de l'angle d'observation.Despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, the nested images can be successively visible during a change of the viewing angle.

Des résolutions de plus de 2000 dpi, voire 3000 dpi, peuvent permettre de sécuriser davantage le dispositif.Resolutions over 2000 dpi, or 3000 dpi, can help secure the device.

Aussi, quel que soit la ou les couleurs utilisées pour la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée, la définition d'impression peut être suffisamment précise pour que le mélange des couleurs apparaisse comme homogène.Also, regardless of the color or colors used for the revealing frame and / or the combined image, the print definition may be accurate enough that the color mixing appears as homogeneous.

A titre d'exemple, on a illustré sur les figures 14A et 14B, fortement agrandies, un exemple de document de sécurité 10 comportant une pluralité d'éléments de sécurité 1 selon l'invention.For example, we have illustrated on Figures 14A and 14B , greatly enlarged, an exemplary security document 10 comprising a plurality of security elements 1 according to the invention.

La figure 14A représente l'observation du document de sécurité 10 après photocopie, et la figure 14B représente l'observation du document 10 avant photocopie. Comme on peut le constater, l'invention fournit une sécurité anti-photocopie élevée. En outre, la trame de révélation peut être suffisamment fine pour apporter un effet de coloration homogène lors de l'observation, contrairement à ce que l'on observe sur la figure 14B qui est fortement agrandie.The figure 14A represents the observation of the security document 10 after photocopying, and the Figure 14B represents the observation of the document 10 before photocopying. As can be seen, the invention provides a high anti-photocopy security. In addition, the revelation screen may be fine enough to provide a homogeneous coloring effect during the observation, contrary to what is observed on the screen. Figure 14B which is greatly enlarged.

Comme le système optique peut fonctionner en lumière transmise ou réfléchie, il peut être utilisé pour des fenêtres ou des fils introduits en fenêtres, par exemple dans un billet de banque.Since the optical system can operate in transmitted or reflected light, it can be used for windows or wires introduced into windows, for example in a banknote.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de repérer la trame de révélation par rapport à l'image combinée dans le sens du déplacement relatif X. Mais en fonction du motif de la trame, un repérage peut être nécessaire dans le sens perpendiculaire à ce déplacement. Par exemple, pour une trame de révélation linéaire telle qu'illustrée à la figure 2, aucun repérage n'est nécessaire ; par contre, pour une trame ondulée, un repérage plus ou moins précis, en fonction de l'amplitude et de la fréquence des ondulations, peut s'avérer souhaitable. L'invention offre ainsi une possibilité de sécurisation modulable en fonction de la protection demandée et de la difficulté de mise en oeuvre.It is not necessary to locate the revelation frame with respect to the combined image in the direction of the relative displacement X. But depending on the pattern of the frame, a registration may be necessary in the direction perpendicular to this displacement. For example, for a linear revelation frame as illustrated in figure 2 no identification is necessary; on the other hand, for a corrugated frame, a more or less precise location, depending on the amplitude and the frequency of the corrugations, may be desirable. The invention thus offers a possibility of modular security depending on the protection requested and the difficulty of implementation.

Illustrée à la figure 7, la face verso 2a du substrat 2 est réfléchissante ou semi-réfléchissante et la face recto 2b comporte l'image combinée 1. La face réfléchissante peut être réalisée par une métallisation. La face réfléchissante peut par exemple définir un texte.Illustrated at figure 7 , the back side 2a of the substrate 2 is reflective or semi-reflective and the front face 2b has the combined image 1. The reflecting face can be made by a metallization. The reflecting face can for example define a text.

Il est possible de visualiser les images codées I1 ..., ...IN par réflexion sur la face réfléchissante 2a. Cette variante a comme particularité de permettre la réalisation des images codées avec une définition deux fois moins importante, mais nécessite un repérage entre les images codées et la trame de révélation, car la trame de révélation recouvre extérieurement les traits de l'image combinée. Chaque bande opacifiante 5 peut recouvrir les éléments constitutifs 3 de plusieurs images codées.It is possible to display the coded images I 1 ..., ... I N by reflection on the reflecting face 2a. This variant has the particular feature of allowing the coded images to be produced with a definition that is less than half the size, but requires a registration between the coded images and the revelation frame, because the revelation frame covers the lines of the combined image on the outside. Each opacifying band 5 can cover the constituent elements 3 of several coded images.

La trame de révélation 4 peut avantageusement comporter une ou plusieurs particules fluorescentes et/ou phosphorescentes permettant l'apparition d'effets de contraste sous un éclairage prédéfini, par exemple UV ou IR.The revelation screen 4 may advantageously comprise one or more fluorescent and / or phosphorescent particles allowing the appearance of contrast effects under a predefined illumination, for example UV or IR.

L'image combinée I et/ou la trame de révélation 4 peut être formée par impression, démétallisation, marquage laser, lithographie ou toute autre technique permettant de fixer ou faire apparaître une image.The combined image I and / or the revelation screen 4 may be formed by printing, demetallization, laser marking, lithography or any other technique for fixing or displaying an image.

Pour améliorer la sécurité, on peut utiliser des encres à cristaux liquides, par exemple pour imprimer l'image combinée I. L'animation, pour être révélée, peut alors nécessiter en plus de la trame de décomposition, l'emploi d'un filtre polariseur, qui peut être présent sur le document ou le substrat, ou non.To improve security, it is possible to use liquid-crystal inks, for example to print the combined image I. The animation, to be revealed, may then require in addition to the decomposition frame, the use of a filter polarizer, which may be present on the document or the substrate, or not.

Pour les éléments de sécurité formés d'un fil introduit en fenêtre(s) dans un document de sécurité, l'image combinée I peut être obtenue par micro-photolithographie du fil et la trame de révélation 4 peut être réalisée grâce à une impression offset UV effectuée dans un deuxième temps, lors de l'impression du document.For the security elements formed of a wire introduced in window (s) in a security document, the combined image I can be obtained by micro-photolithography of the wire and the revelation screen 4 can be achieved by means of offset printing. UV performed in a second step, when printing the document.

La trame de révélation 4 peut être associée, le cas échéant, à un design d'impression du document.The revelation frame 4 may be associated, where appropriate, with a printing design of the document.

Le motif de la trame de révélation 4 peut être imprimé ailleurs qu'en superposition avec l'image combinée I, sur le document, à la même échelle ou à une échelle différente.The pattern of the revelation screen 4 may be printed elsewhere than in superposition with the combined image I, on the document, on the same scale or on a different scale.

L'impression de la trame de révélation 4 peut déborder de l'élément de sécurité 1 et s'étendre sur le document de sécurité 10, comme illustré à la figure 11.The printing of the revealing frame 4 may overflow the security element 1 and extend over the security document 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 11 .

Il est possible d'utiliser plusieurs couleurs, par exemple une première couleur pour la trame de révélation 4 et une ou plusieurs autres couleurs pour l'image combinée I, par exemple autant de couleurs différentes qu'il y a d'images codées.It is possible to use several colors, for example a first color for the revelation screen 4 and one or more other colors for the combined image I, for example as many different colors as there are coded images.

Il est encore possible de superposer deux couleurs sur la trame de révélation 4 et l'image combinée I, comme illustré à la figure 8, ce qui permet d'avoir l'animation d'une couleur en cas d'observation du système optique du côté de la trame et d'une autre couleur en cas d'observation du système optique du côté de l'image combinée.It is still possible to superimpose two colors on the revelation screen 4 and the combined image I, as illustrated in FIG. figure 8 which allows to have the animation of a color in case of observation of the optical system of the side of the frame and another color in case of observation of the optical system on the side of the combined image.

Cette double coloration peut être réalisée par démétallisation ou photolithographie, par exemple.This double coloration can be achieved by demetallization or photolithography, for example.

Sur la figure 10, la trame de révélation 4 comporte des bandes opacifiantes superposées 5a et 5b respectivement d'une première couleur C1 et d'une deuxième couleur C2, les bandes opacifiantes 5a de couleur C1 étant extérieures. Les éléments 3 de l'image combinée I sont imprimés respectivement avec les deux couleurs C1 et C2 superposées, les éléments de couleur C2 étant extérieurs. Ainsi, l'ordre de superposition des couleurs peut être le même de chaque côté du substrat 2.On the figure 10 , the revealing frame 4 comprises superimposed opacifying strips 5a and 5b respectively of a first color C 1 and a second color C 2 , the opacifying bands 5a of color C 1 being external. The elements 3 of the combined image I are printed respectively with the two colors C 1 and C 2 superimposed, the color elements C 2 being external. Thus, the order of color superposition can be the same on each side of the substrate 2.

Une possibilité pour faire varier la direction d'observation du système optique peut être de déformer le substrat, par exemple autour d'un axe de pliage, comme illustré à la figure 9.One possibility for varying the observation direction of the optical system may be to deform the substrate, for example around a folding axis, as illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .

Plusieurs systèmes optiques, ayant par exemple la forme de petits carrés ou rectangles de quelques millimètres de cotés, peuvent être présents sur un même fil de sécurité 20, comme illustré aux figures 10 et 12.Several optical systems, for example having the shape of small squares or rectangles of a few millimeters of sides, may be present on the same security thread 20, as illustrated in FIGS. figures 10 and 12 .

La rotation d'un quart de tour d'un système optique 1 sur deux peut permettre d'obtenir un fil produisant des animations à partir de déplacements relatifs du fil dans les deux axes principaux Y1 et Y2 par rapport à l'observateur.Rotating a quarter-turn of an optical system 1 out of two may make it possible to obtain a wire producing animations from relative movements of the wire in the two main axes Y 1 and Y 2 relative to the observer.

Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est un fil intégré en fenêtre(s), comme illustré aux figures 13A et 13B, le document 10 peut comporter au moins deux fenêtres 31 et 32 permettant d'observer respectivement chacune des faces du fil, en réflexion.When the security element is an integrated wire in window (s), as shown in Figures 13A and 13B the document 10 may comprise at least two windows 31 and 32 for respectively observing each of the faces of the wire, in reflection.

Les images codées sont observables à travers la trame de révélation 4 du côté de la fenêtre 31 et avec la trame de révélation comme arrière-plan, du côté de la fenêtre 32.The coded images are observable through the revealing frame 4 on the side of the window 31 and with the revealing frame as background, on the side of the window 32.

Le substrat du document, notamment au niveau des fenêtres 31 et 32, peut également être au moins partiellement transparent pour permettre l'observation des images codées des deux côtés du document de sécurité.The document substrate, in particular at the level of the windows 31 and 32, can also be at least partially transparent to allow observation of the coded images on both sides of the security document.

L'élément de sécurité sous forme d'un fil de sécurité peut encore être incorporé dans un document de sécurité 10 qui présente une alternance de fenêtres 31 et 32 côté recto et côté verso, comme illustré sur la figure 13C. Il est ainsi possible d'observer les images codées à la fois du côté recto et du côté verso du document de sécurité 10 au niveau des fenêtres 31 et 32.The security element in the form of a security thread can still be incorporated into a security document 10 which has an alternation of windows 31 and 32 on the front and back sides, as shown in FIG. figure 13C . It is thus possible to observe the coded images of both the front side and the back side of the security document 10 at the windows 31 and 32.

On a illustré sur les figures 15 et 16 des variantes d'observation d'éléments de sécurité 1 selon l'invention.We have illustrated on Figures 15 and 16 observation variants of security elements 1 according to the invention.

L'élément de sécurité 1 peut comporter un fond 30 tel que la trame de sécurité 4 soit entre la face 2b du substrat 2 et le fond 30, comme illustré sur la figure 15. En variante, l'image combinée I peut être entre le fond 30 et la face 2a du substrat 2, comme illustré sur la figure 16.The security element 1 may comprise a bottom 30 such that the security frame 4 is between the face 2b of the substrate 2 and the bottom 30, as shown in FIG. figure 15 . As a variant, the combined image I can be between the bottom 30 and the face 2a of the substrate 2, as illustrated in FIG. figure 16 .

Dans ces exemples de réalisation, la trame de révélation 4 est de couleur noire, l'image combinée I est de couleur rouge et le fond 30 est de couleur verte, étant notamment fluorescent. De la sorte, l'observation, notamment sous éclairage UV, de l'élément de sécurité 1 engendre un effet de contraste important résultant notamment du choix des couleurs de la trame de révélation, de l'image combinée et du fond.In these exemplary embodiments, the revelation screen 4 is black in color, the combined image I is red in color and the background 30 is green in color, in particular being fluorescent. In this way, the observation, in particular under UV light, of the security element 1 generates a significant contrast effect resulting in particular from the choice of the colors of the revelation frame, the combined image and the background.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 15, l'utilisateur peut ainsi observer une trame de révélation 4 de couleur noire et une spirale de couleur rouge en contraste avec la couleur noire de la trame de révélation et la couleur verte du fond 30.In the example of the figure 15 , the user can thus observe a revelation frame 4 of black color and a spiral of red color in contrast with the black color of the revelation frame and the green color of the bottom 30.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 16, l'utilisateur peut ainsi observer une trame de révélation apparaissant comme un mélange de rouge et de noir, la couleur rouge des images codées pouvant être formée par des pixels, et une spirale de couleur rouge en contraste avec la couleur verte du fond et le mélange des couleurs noire et rouge de la trame de révélation.In the example of the figure 16 , the user can thus observe a revealing frame appearing as a mixture of red and black, the red color of the coded images being able to be formed by pixels, and a spiral of red color in contrast with the green color of the background and the mix of black and red colors of the revelation frame.

On a représenté sur la figure 17 un autre exemple d'article de sécurité 10 selon l'invention comportant un élément de sécurité tel que décrit précédemment dépourvu de fond 30.We have shown on the figure 17 another example of a security article 10 according to the invention comprising a security element as described previously without bottom 30.

Dans cet exemple, le substrat 15 de l'article de sécurité est superposé à l'image combinée I de l'élément de sécurité 1 et joue avantageusement le rôle du fond 30 décrit précédemment.In this example, the substrate 15 of the security article is superimposed on the combined image I of the security element 1 and advantageously plays the role of the background 30 described above.

En particulier, le substrat 15 peut comporter au niveau de sa partie 16 superposée à l'image combinée I des pigments fluorescents permettant d'observer des effets particuliers entre les images codées et la partie 16 du substrat 15 sous éclairage UV et/ou IR. Bien entendu, d'autres variantes de réalisations sont possibles. Le substrat 15 pourrait être formé différemment à partir d'éléments décrits plus haut pour le fond.In particular, the substrate 15 may comprise, at its portion 16 superimposed on the combined image I, fluorescent pigments making it possible to observe particular effects between the coded images and the portion 16 of the substrate 15 under UV and / or IR illumination. Of course, other variants of embodiments are possible. The substrate 15 could be formed differently from elements described above for the background.

On a représenté sur la figure 18 une variante de réalisation d'une trame de révélation 4 et d'une image combinée I pouvant être utilisées dans un élément de sécurité 1 selon l'invention.We have shown on the figure 18 an alternative embodiment of a revelation frame 4 and a combined image I that can be used in a security element 1 according to the invention.

En particulier, cet exemple de réalisation illustre la possibilité de réaliser une trame de révélation 4 et une image combinée I de telle sorte que les images codées puissent être observables dans les deux sens principaux d'inclinaison de l'élément de sécurité 1, notamment dans le sens de la largeur et de la longueur.In particular, this exemplary embodiment illustrates the possibility of producing a revelation frame 4 and a combined image I so that the coded images can be observable in the two main directions of inclination of the security element 1, especially in the sense of width and length.

La trame de révélation 4 peut ainsi résulter de la combinaison de deux trames 4a et 4b présentant des bandes s'étendant selon des axes perpendiculaires, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 18. De la même façon, l'image combinée I peut résulter de la combinaison d'images combinées Ia et Ib qui correspondent respectivement aux images combinées associées aux trames 4a et 4b.The revelation screen 4 can thus result from the combination of two frames 4a and 4b having bands extending along perpendicular axes, as can be seen in FIG. figure 18 . In the same way, the combined image I may result from the combination of combined images Ia and Ib which respectively correspond to the combined images associated with the frames 4a and 4b.

L'effet d'animation obtenu peut ainsi être observable dans au moins deux sens d'inclinaison de l'élément de sécurité 1.The animation effect obtained can thus be observed in at least two directions of inclination of the security element 1.

On a représenté sur la figure 19 un exemple d'article de sécurité 10 comportant une perforation 40 dans laquelle sont placés au moins partiellement deux sous-éléments, notamment sous forme de foils ou patchs, 41 et 42 pour former un élément de sécurité 1 selon l'invention.We have shown on the figure 19 an example of a security article 10 comprising a perforation 40 in which at least two sub-elements are placed, in particular in the form of foils or patches, 41 and 42 to form a security element 1 according to the invention.

Le sous-élément 41 comporte par exemple une trame de révélation 4 et le sous-élément 42 comporte par exemple l'image combinée I correspondante. Le fond 30 peut par exemple être présent sur la surface du sous-élément 41.Sub-element 41 comprises, for example, a revelation frame 4 and sub-element 42 comprises, for example, the corresponding combined image I. The bottom 30 may for example be present on the surface of the sub-element 41.

Dans la variante illustrée à la figure 20, l'article de sécurité 10 comporte une image combinée I réalisée sous la forme d'impressions à la surface de l'article de sécurité 10. De plus, un sous-élément, notamment sous forme de foil ou patch, 43 est placé sur les impressions constituant l'image combinée I, le sous-élément 43 comportant la trame de révélation 4 correspondante, non représentée. Le fond est par exemple constitué par le substrat 44 de l'article de sécurité 10 mais il pourrait en être autrement et l'élément de sécurité 1 pourrait comporter son propre fond.In the variant illustrated in figure 20 , the security article 10 comprises a combined image I made in the form of prints on the surface of the security article 10. In addition, a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, 43 is placed on the prints constituting the combined image I, the sub-element 43 comprising the corresponding revelation screen 4, not shown. The bottom is for example constituted by the substrate 44 of the security article 10 but it could be otherwise and the security element 1 could have its own bottom.

Dans les exemples des figures 19 et 20, les trames de révélations 4 et/ou les images combinées I pourraient être réalisées différemment, étant par exemple incorporées ou situées au-dessus ou en dessous des sous-éléments 41, 42 et 43.In the examples of Figures 19 and 20 the revelation frames 4 and / or the combined images I could be made differently, for example being incorporated or located above or below the sub-elements 41, 42 and 43.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 21, l'élément de sécurité 1 diffère de celui de la figure 1 en ce qu'il comporte deux couches de substrat 2 non opaques, par exemple parfaitement transparentes et deux images combinées I et I'. Les deux couches de substrat ont ici la même épaisseur, par exemple 25 µm.In the example of the figure 21 , the security element 1 differs from that of the figure 1 in that it comprises two non-opaque, for example perfectly transparent, substrate layers 2 and two combined images I and I '. The two substrate layers here have the same thickness, for example 25 microns.

La première image combinée I est disposée entre une couche de substrat 2 et le fond 30 et représente par exemple un motif tel qu'un nuage.The first combined image I is arranged between a substrate layer 2 and the bottom 30 and represents for example a pattern such as a cloud.

La deuxième image combinée I' est disposée entre les deux couches de substrat 2 et représente dans l'exemple considéré un motif tel qu'un cheval.The second combined image I 'is disposed between the two substrate layers 2 and represents in the example in question a pattern such as a horse.

La période p de la trame de révélation est dans l'exemple considéré égale à l'épaisseur d'une couche de substrat, c'est-à-dire à 25 µm.The period p of the revelation frame is in the example considered equal to the thickness of a substrate layer, that is to say to 25 microns.

Les images imbriquées Ii et I'i formant respectivement la première et la deuxième image combinée sont dans l'exemple de la figure 21 disposées de la même manière de telle sorte que lors d'un changement d'angle d'observation depuis la face 2a de l'élément de sécurité, le motif représenté par la deuxième image combinée I' se déplacera deux fois plus lentement que le motif représenté par la première image combinée I étant donné que deux fois moins d'images imbriquées I'i que d'images imbriquées Ii auront été visualisées par l'oeil. Cet exemple permet de mettre en évidence la possibilité avec l'invention d'obtenir un effet de mouvement entre les motifs représentés sur les images imbriquées. Un tel effet, qui peut encore être qualifié d' « effet de profondeur » est par exemple similaire à celui procuré par le « scrolling différentiel » des premiers jeux vidéos.The nested images I i and I ' i forming respectively the first and the second combined image are in the example of the figure 21 arranged in the same way so that when changing the viewing angle from the face 2a of the security element, the pattern represented by the second combined image I 'will move twice as slowly as the pattern represented by the first combined image I since only half as many nested images I ' i as nested images I i will have been visualized by the eye. This example makes it possible to demonstrate the possibility with the invention of obtaining a movement effect between the patterns represented on the nested images. Such an effect, which can still be described as "effect of depth" is for example similar to that provided by the "differential scrolling" of the first video games.

L'exemple de la figure 21 peut être obtenu par assemblage, notamment par collage, des différentes couches de substrat 2. Selon un autre procédé, l'exemple de la figure 21 est obtenu à partir d'un substrat monocouche marquable au laser dans lequel au moins l'image combinée I est formée dans le substrat par exposition à un rayonnement laser. L'image combinée I', la trame de révélation et/ou le fond sont notamment imprimés ou marqués par irradiation laser.The example of figure 21 may be obtained by assembling, in particular by gluing, different substrate layers 2. According to another method, the example of the figure 21 is obtained from a laser-markable monolayer substrate in which at least the combined image I is formed in the substrate by exposure to laser radiation. The combined image I ', the revelation screen and / or the background are in particular printed or labeled by laser irradiation.

L'utilisation du laser permet de marquer ledit substrat marquable au laser à la profondeur désirée, et également de marquer ledit substrat à au moins deux profondeurs (épaisseurs) différentes, par exemple pour former dans un substrat monocouche au moins deux des éléments parmi la trame de révélation et les images combinées.The use of the laser makes it possible to mark said laser-marked substrate at the desired depth, and also to mark said substrate at at least two depths. (Thicknesses) different, for example to form in a monolayer substrate at least two of the revelation frame and the combined images.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples illustrés. L'élément de sécurité peut encore être réalisé avec d'autres sécurités de premier, deuxième ou troisième niveau, par exemple.The invention is not limited to the illustrated examples. The security element can still be realized with other first, second or third level security, for example.

L'expression "comportant un" doit être comprise comme étant synonyme de "comportant au moins un".The expression "having one" should be understood as being synonymous with "having at least one".

Claims (15)

  1. A security element (1), comprising:
    - an optical system, comprising:
    - a transparent or translucent substrate (2),
    - on the side of a first face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of interleaved coded images (I1,.., IN),
    - an exposure screen (4) overlaid on the combined image (I), making it possible to observe the coded images (I1, ... IN) upon a change of the direction of observation of the security element (1) in relation to the optical system,
    the exposure screen (4) being:
    situated on the side of a second face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite from the first face, the optical system then comprising a background (30) disposed in such a way that the exposure screen (4) is between the background (30) and the substrate (2) or that the combined image (I) is between the background (30) and the substrate (2), characterized in that the exposure screen (4), the combined image (I) and the background (30) have different colors.
  2. A security element (1), comprising:
    - an optical system, comprising:
    - a transparent or translucent substrate (2),
    - on the side of a first face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of interleaved coded images (I1,.., IN),
    - an exposure screen (4) overlaid on the combined image (I), making it possible to observe the coded images (I1, ... IN) upon a change of the direction of observation of the security element (1) in relation to the optical system,
    the exposure screen (4) being:
    situated on the side of a second face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite from the first face, the optical system then comprising a background (30) disposed in such a way that the exposure screen (4) is between the background (30) and the substrate (2) or that the combined image (I) is between the background (30) and the substrate (2), characterized in that the exposure screen (4) and the combined image (I) have the same color and the background (30) having a different color.
  3. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2, the background (30) comprising luminescent dyes and/or luminescent pigments and/or interferential pigments and/or liquid-crystal pigments and/or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, in printed form or incorporated into the background (30).
  4. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, the background (30) comprising a luminescent agent, especially fluorescent or phosphorescent.
  5. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the background comprising a metal layer.
  6. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the background (30) being totally overlaid on the exposure screen (4) or on the combined image (I).
  7. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, the background (30) being continuous.
  8. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, the exposure screen and/or the combined image being of homogeneous aspect to the naked eye.
  9. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, the exposure screen and/or the combined image having a resolution greater than or equal to 800 dpi.
  10. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the exposure screen (4) and/or the combined image (I) being devoid of metal layer.
  11. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, taking the form of a security thread, of a film or of a patch.
  12. The security element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising two exposure screens (4a, 4b) respectively associated with two combined images (Ia, Ib), the orientation of the strips of one of the exposure screens being different from that of the other exposure screen.
  13. A security article (10), especially a security document, incorporating a security element such as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.
  14. The security article as claimed in the preceding claim, the recto and verso faces of the security element being observable.
  15. A method for authenticating a security element such as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the step consisting in observing the security element while varying the direction of observation and in concluding as to the authenticity of an article or object associated with the security element at least as a function of the coded images observed.
EP10740385.9A 2009-07-17 2010-07-19 Parallax effect security element Not-in-force EP2454054B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL10740385T PL2454054T3 (en) 2009-07-17 2010-07-19 Parallax effect security element

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0955000A FR2948216B1 (en) 2009-07-17 2009-07-17 SECURITY ELEMENT WITH PARALLAX EFFECT
PCT/IB2010/053284 WO2011007342A1 (en) 2009-07-17 2010-07-19 Parallax effect security element

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EP2454054A1 EP2454054A1 (en) 2012-05-23
EP2454054B1 true EP2454054B1 (en) 2013-05-29

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US (1) US8848971B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2454054B1 (en)
BR (1) BR112012000901A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2768177C (en)
ES (1) ES2425795T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2948216B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2454054T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2011007342A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
US8848971B2 (en) 2014-09-30
FR2948216B1 (en) 2011-11-25
FR2948216A1 (en) 2011-01-21
PL2454054T3 (en) 2013-10-31
EP2454054A1 (en) 2012-05-23
ES2425795T3 (en) 2013-10-17
CA2768177A1 (en) 2011-01-20
BR112012000901A2 (en) 2016-11-22
US20120189159A1 (en) 2012-07-26
CA2768177C (en) 2017-05-09
WO2011007342A1 (en) 2011-01-20

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