EP2446064B1 - Method for producing a hot press hardened component and use of a steel product for producing a hot press hardened component - Google Patents
Method for producing a hot press hardened component and use of a steel product for producing a hot press hardened component Download PDFInfo
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- EP2446064B1 EP2446064B1 EP10725185.2A EP10725185A EP2446064B1 EP 2446064 B1 EP2446064 B1 EP 2446064B1 EP 10725185 A EP10725185 A EP 10725185A EP 2446064 B1 EP2446064 B1 EP 2446064B1
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- steel
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- hot press
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a hot-press-hardened component and a use of a steel product for producing a hot-press-hardened component.
- hot-pressed components made of high-strength steels are used in areas of the body that can be exposed to particularly high loads in the event of a crash.
- steel blanks which are divided from cold or hot rolled steel strip, are heated to a deformation temperature which is generally above the austenitizing temperature of the respective steel and, when heated, are placed in the tool of a forming press.
- the sheet metal blank or the component formed from it is rapidly cooled by contact with the cool tool.
- the cooling rates are set so that the component Hardness structure results. It may be sufficient if the component cools down by active contact with the tool without active cooling. However, rapid cooling can also be supported by actively cooling the tool itself.
- the DE 15 33 381 B1 describes the use of a steel for the production of razor blades, in particular thin ribbon-shaped razor blades with a maximum thickness of 0.038 mm were rolled down.
- These blades are subjected to a heat treatment which involves an initial heating to a temperature between 1000 and 1150 ° C followed by cooling to room temperature, the cooling being carried out between water-cooled blocks.
- a subsequent further cooling to below 0 ° C and a related tempering at temperatures between 100 and 450 ° C for a short time should lead to a maximum Vickers hardness. Only after such heat treatment is the cutting edge of the cold blade processed.
- the object of the invention was to provide a method with which high-strength components protected against corrosive attacks can be manufactured more easily than with the known methods mentioned above.
- this object has been achieved in that, according to the invention, the work steps specified in claim 1 are carried out when producing a high-strength component from a flat steel product.
- the solution of the above-mentioned object according to the invention consists in that according to the invention a flat steel product is used for the production of a component.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that a certain class of known stainless steels is suitable for hot press hardening.
- the use according to the invention of such stainless steels for hot press hardening has the advantage that there is no risk of corrosion, neither during hot shaping nor during the hardening process, despite the high temperatures involved. Instead, the alloy components contained in the steel used according to the invention protect the processed steel product from corrosive attacks even during these process steps.
- high-strength components which are optimally protected against corrosion can be produced by hot press hardening without the protective measures which are always necessary in the case of low-alloy steels of the type previously used for hot press hardening.
- a first group of steels suitable for press hardening are the unstabilized ferrites, which include steel standardized under material number 1.4003. Ferritic steels can completely or partially convert to martensitic when quenching temperatures above the austenitizing temperature. These steels are particularly suitable for direct press hardening, but can also be formed in indirect processes.
- a sheet metal blank made from a suitable flat steel product is formed in one go into the respective component and subjected to the heat treatment required to set the desired hardness.
- Martensite Another group of stainless steels suitable for press hardening are Martensite. Above 900 to 1000 ° C, these steels have an austenitic structure with a high solubility for carbon. Martensite forms during their cooling.
- the steels known under material numbers 1.4021 and 1.4034 are typical representatives of this type of steel.
- Martensitic-ferritic steels in which the structure contains higher proportions of ferrite in addition to martensite, can also be press-hardened.
- This group of steels includes, for example, steel standardized under material number 1.4006.
- Typical martensitic steels have carbon contents of 0.08-1% by weight. They are hardened in air. However, their mechanical strength can be further increased by quenching with higher cooling rates.
- Martensitic steels with low C contents up to max. 0.06% are partially alloyed with up to 6% nickel. This composition means that austenite is partially formed after quenching and tempering. Steels of this type are referred to as “nickel martensitic” or “supermartensitic”. Such steels are particularly suitable for direct press hardening, but can also be formed in indirect processes.
- the use of a stainless steel product according to the invention allows for the manufacture of hot press hardened components and the resulting procedure a significantly simplified manufacture of components compared to the state of the art of hot press hardening, the mechanical properties and corrosion protection of which are ideally suited for demanding applications such as the construction of automobile bodies.
- a component which is hot-press-hardened according to the invention is produced from a steel product which consists of a stainless steel which, as compulsory components (in% by weight), C: 0.010-1.200%, P: up to 0.1%, S: up to 0, 1%, Si: 0.10 - 1.5%, Cr: 10.5 - 20.0% and the balance contains iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the martensite hardness of the steel can be controlled by the amount of carbon contained in a steel used according to the invention, which is in the range of 0.01-1.2% by weight.
- Optimal properties of the component produced according to the invention by hot press hardening result in this regard if the steel used according to the invention contains 0.01-1.0% by weight of C, in particular 0.01-0.5% by weight.
- Levels of 0.1 - 1.5% by weight of Si act as an antioxidant and increase the strength of the steel.
- the high Cr content of steels used according to the invention contributes significantly to corrosion resistance, particularly in high-temperature use. It leads at room temperature as well as at high temperatures Formation of a Cr oxide layer on the surface, so that the steel product processed according to the invention does not require additional corrosion protection either during the heat treatment or in later practical use.
- the Cr content in the material is more dimensionally stable at high temperatures, such as are present when the invention is heated to the respective austenitizing temperature TA, than with the corrosion-sensitive MnB grades conventionally used for hot press hardening. Accordingly, it is easier to process steel products used according to the invention at high temperatures.
- the transport from the heating device to the insertion into the respective pressing tool can also take place without the risk of an oxidation of the surface in ambient air which affects the processing result.
- An optimally balanced ratio of alloy costs and positive effects of the Cr content of a steel used according to the invention is obtained if its Cr content is between 11 and 19% by weight, in particular 11-15% by weight.
- the P and S contents are each limited to 0.1% by weight in order to prevent negative effects of these elements on the mechanical properties of the steel processed according to the invention.
- the steel used according to the invention can optionally include one or more elements from the group "Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi "H” with the proviso that the relevant elements - if present - each is present in the following contents (figures in% by weight) Mn: 0.10 - 3.0%, Mo: 0.05 - 2.50%, Ni: 0.05 - 8.50%, Cu : 0.050 - 3.00%, N: 0.01 - 0.2%, Ti: up to 0.02%, Nb: up to 0.1%, B: up to 0.1%, V: up to 0.2%, Al: 0.001 - 1.5%, Ca: 0.0005 - 0.003%, As: 0.003 - 0.015%, Sn: 0.003 - 0.01%, Sb: 0.002 - 0.01%, Pb: up to 0.01%, Bi: up to 0.01% and H: up
- Mn in contents of 0.10-3.0% by weight supports the desired austenite formation at high temperatures, so that the hardness structure sought according to the invention is formed.
- Molybdenum in a content of 0.05 - 2.50% by weight helps to improve the corrosion resistance.
- Nickel can be present in a stainless steel used according to the invention in a content of 0.05-8.50% by weight, in particular 0.05-7.0% by weight, in order to likewise increase the corrosion resistance and the austenite formation to support high temperatures, such as are achieved in the procedure according to the invention during the heat treatment preceding the press molding. This effect occurs with sufficient effectiveness even at contents of up to 1.5% by weight of nickel, so that the upper limit of the Ni content range can be limited to this value in a practical embodiment of the invention.
- Cu can also be used in a steel used according to the invention to support the formation of the hardness structure desired austenite formation in contents of 0.050 - 3.00 wt .-% are added.
- the martensite hardness of the steel used according to the invention can also be controlled via nitrogen contents of 0.01-0.2% by weight, in particular 0.01-0.02% by weight.
- Ti in contents of up to 0.02% by weight minimizes the risk of cracking during the casting of the stainless steel required in the course of the production of a steel product processed according to the invention.
- Contents of up to 0.1% by weight of niobium also contribute to improving the formability of the steel during the production of the steel product used according to the invention.
- B in contents of up to 0.1% by weight, in particular 0.05% by weight also has a positive effect on the avoidance of cracks during the strip casting of a steel processed according to the invention and reduces the risk of surface ripping in conventional continuous casting.
- the martensite hardness of the steel processed according to the invention can also be controlled by adding boron.
- V in contents of up to 0.2% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight, like Nb improves the formability during the casting of the steel used according to the invention.
- Al in contents of 0.001-1.50% by weight, in particular 0.001-0.03% by weight, and Ca in contents of 0.0005-0.003% by weight contribute to optimizing the degree of purity Steel used according to the invention during its casting in strip or continuous casting.
- Sn in contents of 0.003-0.01% by weight, Sb in contents of 0.002-0.01% by weight, Pb in contents of up to 0.01% by weight .-% and Bi in contents of up to 0.01% by weight are added to steel according to the invention in order to avoid crack formation during strip casting or to avoid surface defects when hot-rolling cast steel used according to the invention.
- the contents of H in a steel processed according to the invention are finally limited to up to 0.0025% by weight in order to prevent the formation of so-called “delayed cracking", i.e. to avoid a delayed, hydrogen-induced crack formation under the conditions prevailing in practical use.
- the steel product used according to the invention and assembled in the manner explained above can be a flat steel product produced by hot or cold rolling, that is to say, for example, a blank obtained from a hot or cold-rolled stainless steel sheet or strip.
- a semi-finished product as a steel product which has been preformed from a corresponding flat steel product before it is processed in a manner according to the invention.
- the steel product used according to the invention can be a so-called “tailored blank” made up of at least two interconnected Steel flat product blanks can be formed, which differ from each other in terms of their thickness or physical properties.
- differently loaded sections of the component produced and procured according to the invention can be assigned optimally adapted materials to the loads that occur.
- only a partial section of the flat steel product used according to the invention consists of a stainless steel of the composition specified according to the invention, while another section is produced from a conventional low-alloy and rust-sensitive steel, if this takes into account the respective local conditions and loads is indicated under which the component produced according to the invention is used in practice.
- the formation of the hardness structure in the component obtained according to the invention after hot press hardening can be controlled by the level of the austenitizing temperature reached in each case.
- the steel product processed according to the invention is heated in the course of step b) to an austenitizing temperature which is above the Ac3 temperature of the stainless steel (Ac3 temperature: temperature at which the conversion into Austenite is complete).
- Ac3 temperature temperature at which the conversion into Austenite is complete.
- the rapid cooling of the hot-press-hardened component according to the invention required to form the hardness structure can take place in a known manner in the pressing tool itself, which is provided with a suitable cooling device for this purpose.
- the cooling can also take place in a separate working step after the hot press molding, if it is ensured that the component still has a sufficiently high temperature after the end of the hot press process.
- both the heating of the steel product before hot press molding and the cooling after hot press molding can be restricted to certain sections of the steel product if zones with different mechanical properties are to be produced on the finished component.
- the flat steel product is preferably heated in a closed oven. However, heating by induction or conduction is also conceivable.
- a component that is highly resilient at any point can be produced in accordance with the invention by heating and cooling the shaped steel part in such a way that a hardness structure is formed over its entire volume.
- cooling speeds of a maximum of 25 K / s, in particular a maximum of 20 K / s are sufficient in the procedure according to the invention, and particularly good work results are obtained when the cooling speed is at a maximum of 15 K / s is limited.
- the cooling rate should be at least 0.1 K / s, in particular at least 0.2 - 1.3 K / s. Cooling rates above 25 K / s have shown that there is an unintentionally rapid hardening, which leads to limited formability. Cooling rates of between 5 and 20 K / s are preferably set, with increasing cooling rate higher strengths can be achieved in the component.
- the formation of the individual zones of different characteristics can also be influenced by heating certain zones of the surfaces of the compression molding tool that come into contact with the steel product, so that cooling of the steel product that leads to a hardness structure, for example, is reliably avoided there.
- Components produced in accordance with the invention regularly have a tensile strength of at least 900 MPa in the areas in which they have a hardness structure and there they have an elongation A80 of at least 2%.
- components manufactured by hot press hardening of a steel product produced from a stainless steel are particularly suitable as parts of bodies for motor vehicles, commercial vehicles or rail vehicles, for airplanes or high-strength structural elements.
- Fig. 1 shows a diagram in which the elongation at break A80 in% is plotted against the tensile strength Rm in MPa for various steels.
- the strength of the press-hardened components is converted into a tensile strength Rm via the hardness and the tables given in DIN 50150.
- the values for Vickers hardness HV10 and tensile strength shown in DIN 50150 are determined for unalloyed and low-alloy steels.
- Sheet metal parts were formed from the blanks produced from steels S1 - S7 by direct, press hardening. The Vickers hardness HV10 was then measured for the sheet metal parts obtained in this way and the tensile strength was determined therefrom in the manner described in DIN 50150.
- Table 4 HV10 Rm [MPa] Rm [MPa] A80 measured determined according to DIN 50150 measured DIN 10002 S1, S1 ' 335 1075 1030 8.8 S2 417 1120 S3 470 1520 S4, S4 ' 397 1278 1350 6.5 S5, S5 ' 500 1630 1621 4.1 S6 561 1848 S7 360 1155
- Table 5 Steel S3 Steel S4 Steel S5 Steel S6 Steel S7 Steel S8 t8 / 5 [s] K [K / s] HV10 HV10 HV10 HV10 HV10 HV10 40 7.50 419 501 587 672 679 375 150 2.00 499 200 1.50 654 649 230 1.30 415 600 0.50 575 485 650 0.46 467 700 0.43 387 523 3500 0.09 250 5000 0.06 421
- cooling rates are sufficient to form the hardness structure, which are clearly below the cooling rates usually used in press hardening.
- the steels processed in accordance with the invention still convert martensitically with slow cooling. This has an advantageous effect on the production process, since the forming tool does not have to be cooled as much, particularly in the case of single-stage, direct mold hardening.
- Components produced by direct die hardening often still undergo heat treatment in practice. This is particularly the case when the molded parts are components for motor vehicle bodies that are stove-enamelled in the course of their further processing.
- the influence of such or a comparable tempering treatment on the strength and elongation values of the press-molded components in the manner according to the invention is on the basis of components made of one of the steels S2, S3 and S7, produced in the manner according to the invention by direct press-hardening, which have been tempered under the conditions given in Table 6 and for which, in the course of the tempering treatment, those shown in Table 6 likewise specified properties.
- Table 6 stolen Tempering temperature [° C] HV10 Rm, determined according to DIN 50150 [MPa] S2 170 351 1130 250 350 1126 500 346 1110 S3 170 467 1510 250 467 1510 500 454 1470 S7 170 356 1145 250 341 1145 500 311 998
- tempering in the temperature range of 170-500 ° C. covered by the tests leads at most to a very slight decrease in the strength of the components produced according to the invention.
- a board made of S9 steel has been processed. After solution annealing, the board had a tensile strength Rm of 816 MPa.
- the board obtained in this way was then formed into a component to simulate the compression molding process and held at 820 ° C. for a period of 30 minutes, and then in the tool depending on the area of the component or the time of contact to be quenched with a cooling rate of approx. 15 K / s.
- the component had a hardness HV10 of 340, which corresponds to a tensile strength Rm of approximately 1015 MPa.
- FIG. 1 The attached diagram shows the elongation A80 over the tensile strength Rm for components E1, E2, E3 produced in the manner according to the invention from blanks composed of steels S1, S4 and S5.
- Fig. 1 for two components, which are made by conventional hot press hardening from the commonly used for this purpose, C ⁇ 0.2%, Si ⁇ 0.4%, Mn ⁇ 1.4%, P ⁇ 0.025%, S ⁇ 0.01%, Cr + Mo ⁇ 0.5%, Ti ⁇ 0.05% and B ⁇ 0.005% (data in% by weight) containing MBW 1500 steel, which indicate elongation values A80 above the respective tensile strength value Rm.
- components E1, E2 produced from the ferritic steel S1 and the martensitic steel S4 have a combination of elongation value and tensile strength that is superior to that of conventionally produced components, while the third component produced according to the invention has better tensile strength with still good elongation values.
- components produced according to the invention are more corrosion-resistant or do not require any additional corrosion protection coatings.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils und eine Verwendung eines Stahlproduktes zur Herstellung eines warmpressgehärteten Bauteils.The invention relates to a method for producing a hot-press-hardened component and a use of a steel product for producing a hot-press-hardened component.
Um die im modernen Karosseriebau bestehende Forderung nach geringem Gewicht bei gleichzeitig maximaler Festigkeit und Schutzwirkung zu erfüllen, werden heutzutage in solchen Bereichen der Karosserie, die im Fall eines Crashs besonders hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt sein können, aus hochfesten Stählen warmpressgeformte Bauteile eingesetzt.In order to meet the existing requirement in modern body construction for low weight with maximum strength and protective effect, hot-pressed components made of high-strength steels are used in areas of the body that can be exposed to particularly high loads in the event of a crash.
Beim Warmpresshärten werden Stahlplatinen, die von kalt- oder warmgewalztem Stahlband abgeteilt sind, auf eine in der Regel oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des jeweiligen Stahls liegende Verformungstemperatur erwärmt und im erwärmten Zustand in das Werkzeug einer Umformpresse gelegt. Im Zuge der anschließend durchgeführten Umformung erfährt der Blechzuschnitt bzw. das aus ihm geformte Bauteil durch den Kontakt mit dem kühlen Werkzeug eine schnelle Abkühlung. Die Abkühlraten sind dabei so eingestellt, dass sich im Bauteil Härtegefüge ergibt. Dabei kann es ausreichend sein, wenn das Bauteil ohne aktive Kühlung alleine durch den Kontakt mit dem Werkzeug abkühlt. Unterstützt werden kann eine schnelle Abkühlung jedoch auch dadurch, dass das Werkzeug selbst aktiv gekühlt wird.In hot press hardening, steel blanks, which are divided from cold or hot rolled steel strip, are heated to a deformation temperature which is generally above the austenitizing temperature of the respective steel and, when heated, are placed in the tool of a forming press. In the course of the subsequent shaping, the sheet metal blank or the component formed from it is rapidly cooled by contact with the cool tool. The cooling rates are set so that the component Hardness structure results. It may be sufficient if the component cools down by active contact with the tool without active cooling. However, rapid cooling can also be supported by actively cooling the tool itself.
Den Vorteilen der bekannten MnB-Stählen steht in der Praxis jedoch der Nachteil gegenüber, dass hochmanganhaltige Stähle zu unbeständig gegen Nasskorrosion und nur schwer zu passivieren sind. Diese im Vergleich zu niedriger legierten Stählen bei Einwirken erhöhter Chloridionen-Konzentrationen große Neigung zu lokal zwar begrenzter, jedoch intensiver Korrosion macht die Verwendung von zur Werkstoffgruppe der hochlegierten Stahlbleche gehörenden Stählen gerade im Karosseriebau schwierig. Zudem neigen hochmanganhaltige Stähle zu Flächenkorrosion, wodurch das Spektrum ihrer Verwendung ebenfalls einschränkt wird.In practice, however, the advantages of the known MnB steels are offset by the disadvantage that steels with a high manganese content are too resistant to wet corrosion and are difficult to passivate. This, in comparison to lower alloyed steels when exposed to increased chloride ion concentrations, has a great tendency towards locally limited but intensive corrosion, which makes the use of steels belonging to the material group of high-alloy steel sheets difficult, particularly in body construction. In addition, high-manganese steels tend to surface corrosion, which also limits the range of their use.
Daher ist vorgeschlagen worden, auch Stahlflachprodukte, die aus hochmanganhaltigen Stählen erzeugt sind, in an sich bekannter Weise mit einem metallischen Überzug zu versehen, der den Stahl vor korrosivem Angriff schützt. Dabei ergab sich allerdings das Problem, dass sich solche Stahlflachprodukte nur schlecht benetzen lassen und infolgedessen die bei einer Kaltverformung von dem Überzug erforderliche Haftung auf dem Stahlsubstrat unzureichend ist.It has therefore been proposed to also use flat steel products which are produced from high-manganese steels known to provide a metallic coating that protects the steel from corrosive attack. However, this gave rise to the problem that such flat steel products are difficult to wet and, as a result, the adhesion to the steel substrate required by the cold-forming process is insufficient.
Es sind eine große Zahl von Vorschlägen gemacht worden, um aus einem hochmanganhaltigen Stahl erzeugte Stahlflachprodukte mit einem vor Korrosion schützenden Überzug zu versehen, der den in der Praxis gestellten Anforderungen gerecht wird (
Neben dem voranstehend erläuterten Stand der Technik ist aus der
In der
In der
Vor diesem Hintergrund bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Verfahren zu nennen, mit dem sich hochfeste, vor korrosiven Angriffen geschützte Bauteile einfacher herstellen lassen als mit den voranstehend erwähnten bekannten Verfahren.Against this background, the object of the invention was to provide a method with which high-strength components protected against corrosive attacks can be manufactured more easily than with the known methods mentioned above.
Darüber hinaus sollte eine Verwendung eines Stahlprodukts genannt werden, welches sich besonders gut für eine vereinfachte Herstellung von hochfesten Bauteilen eignet, die unempfindlich gegen Korrosion sind.In addition, the use of a steel product should be mentioned, which is particularly well suited for the simplified production of high-strength components which are insensitive to corrosion.
In Bezug auf das Verfahren ist diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst worden, dass erfindungsgemäß bei der Herstellung eines hochfesten Bauteils aus einem Stahlflachprodukt die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen werden.With regard to the method, this object has been achieved in that, according to the invention, the work steps specified in
In Bezug auf die Verwendung besteht die Lösung der oben genannten Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß darin, dass erfindungsgemäß für die Herstellung eines Bauteils ein Stahlflachprodukt nach Maßgabe des Anspruchs 12 verwendet wird.With regard to the use, the solution of the above-mentioned object according to the invention consists in that according to the invention a flat steel product is used for the production of a component.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben und werden nachfolgend wie der allgemeine Erfindungsgedanke im Einzelnen erläutert.Advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and are explained in detail below, like the general inventive concept.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zu Grunde, dass sich eine bestimmte Klasse von an sich bekannten nicht rostenden Stählen zum Warmpresshärten eignet. Neben einem optimalen Gebrauchs- und Korrosionsverhalten im praktischen Einsatz hat die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung solcher nicht rostender Stähle für das Warmpresshärten den Vorteil, dass weder während der Warmformgebung noch während des Härtungsvorgangs trotz der dabei gegebenen hohen Temperaturen die Gefahr einer Korrosion besteht. Stattdessen schützen die in dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahl enthaltenen Legierungsbestandteile das verarbeitete Stahlprodukt auch während dieser Verfahrensschritte vor korrosiven Angriffen. Infolgedessen können bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise und Verwendung hochfeste und optimal vor Korrosion geschützte Bauteile durch Warmpresshärten erzeugt werden, ohne dass dazu die bei niedrig legierten Stählen des bisher für das Warmpresshärten eingesetzten Typs stets erforderlich Schutzmaßnahmen ergriffen werden. So ist es bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise weder erforderlich, das jeweils verarbeitete Stahlprodukt mit einem vor Korrosion schützenden Überzug zu versehen, noch müssen bei der Erwärmung besondere Vorkehrungen zum Schutz des Stahlproduktes vor Korrosion oder zur Herstellung einer bestimmten Oberflächenbeschaffenheit getroffen werden.The invention is based on the knowledge that a certain class of known stainless steels is suitable for hot press hardening. In addition to optimal usage and corrosion behavior in the In practice, the use according to the invention of such stainless steels for hot press hardening has the advantage that there is no risk of corrosion, neither during hot shaping nor during the hardening process, despite the high temperatures involved. Instead, the alloy components contained in the steel used according to the invention protect the processed steel product from corrosive attacks even during these process steps. As a result, with the procedure and use according to the invention, high-strength components which are optimally protected against corrosion can be produced by hot press hardening without the protective measures which are always necessary in the case of low-alloy steels of the type previously used for hot press hardening. Thus, in the procedure according to the invention, it is neither necessary to provide the respectively processed steel product with a protective coating against corrosion, nor do special precautions have to be taken during heating to protect the steel product against corrosion or to produce a certain surface finish.
Eine erste Gruppe der für das Presshärten geeigneten Stähle sind die unstabilisierten Ferrite, zu denen beispielsweise der unter der Werkstoffnummer 1.4003 genormte Stahl zählt. Ferritische Stähle können beim Abschrecken von Temperaturen oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur vollständig oder teilweise martensitisch umwandeln. Diese Stähle eignen sich vor allem für das direkte Presshärten, können aber auch in indirekten Verfahren umgeformt werden.A first group of steels suitable for press hardening are the unstabilized ferrites, which include steel standardized under material number 1.4003. Ferritic steels can completely or partially convert to martensitic when quenching temperatures above the austenitizing temperature. These steels are particularly suitable for direct press hardening, but can also be formed in indirect processes.
Beim direkten, auch "einstufig" genannten Presshärten wird eine aus einem geeigneten Stahlflachprodukt konfektionierte Blechplatine in einem Zug zu dem jeweiligen Bauteil geformt und der zum Einstellen der jeweils gewünschten Härte erforderlichen Wärmebehandlung unterzogen.In direct, also called "one-step" press hardening, a sheet metal blank made from a suitable flat steel product is formed in one go into the respective component and subjected to the heat treatment required to set the desired hardness.
Beim indirekten, auch "zweistufig" genannten Pressformhärten wird die jeweilige Blechplatine in einem ersten Schritt zu dem jeweiligen Bauteil geformt. Das erhaltene Bauteil wird dann auf Härtetemperatur erwärmt und in einem weiteren Pressformwerkzeug im Zuge einer abschließenden Pressformgebung in der für die Einstellung des jeweils gewünschten Härtegefüges erforderlichen Weise wärmebehandelt.In the case of indirect press mold hardening, which is also referred to as "two-stage", the respective sheet metal blank is formed into the respective component in a first step. The component obtained is then heated to the hardening temperature and heat-treated in a further press mold in the course of a final press shaping in the manner required for setting the desired hardness structure in each case.
Eine weitere Gruppe der für das Presshärten geeigneten nicht rostenden Stähle sind Martensite. Diese Stähle weisen oberhalb von 900 bis 1000 °C ein austenitisches Gefüge mit einer hohen Löslichkeit für Kohlenstoff auf. Während ihrer Abkühlung entsteht Martensit. Als typische Vertreter dieser Stahlsorte sind die unter den Werkstoffnummern 1.4021 und 1.4034 bekannten Stähle zu nennen.Another group of stainless steels suitable for press hardening are Martensite. Above 900 to 1000 ° C, these steels have an austenitic structure with a high solubility for carbon. Martensite forms during their cooling. The steels known under material numbers 1.4021 and 1.4034 are typical representatives of this type of steel.
Auch martensitisch-ferrritische Stähle, bei denen das Gefüge neben Martensit höhere Anteile an Ferrit enthält, können pressformgehärtet werden. Zu dieser Gruppe von Stählen zählt beispielsweise der unter der Werkstoffnummer 1.4006 genormte Stahl.Martensitic-ferritic steels, in which the structure contains higher proportions of ferrite in addition to martensite, can also be press-hardened. This group of steels includes, for example, steel standardized under material number 1.4006.
Typische martensitische Stähle weisen Kohlenstoffgehalte von 0,08 - 1 Gew.-% auf. Sie werden an Luft gehärtet. Ihre mechanische Festigkeit kann aber durch Abschrecken mit höheren Abkühlraten weiter erhöht werden.Typical martensitic steels have carbon contents of 0.08-1% by weight. They are hardened in air. However, their mechanical strength can be further increased by quenching with higher cooling rates.
Martensitische Stähle mit geringen C-Gehalten bis max. 0,06 % werden teilweise mit bis zu 6 % Nickel legiert. Diese Zusammensetzung bewirkt, dass nach dem Vergüten teilweise Austenit entsteht. Stähle dieser Art werden als "nickelmartensitisch" oder auch "supermartensitisch" bezeichnet. Solche Stähle eignen sich vor allem für das direkte Presshärten, können aber auch in indirekten Verfahren umgeformt werden.Martensitic steels with low C contents up to max. 0.06% are partially alloyed with up to 6% nickel. This composition means that austenite is partially formed after quenching and tempering. Steels of this type are referred to as "nickel martensitic" or "supermartensitic". Such steels are particularly suitable for direct press hardening, but can also be formed in indirect processes.
Bei ausscheidungshärtenden Stählen, wie beispielsweise dem unter der Werkstoffnummer 1.4568 geführten Stahl, führt nach dem Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken die Ausscheidung intermetallischer Verbindungen sowie von Carbiden, Nitriden und Kupferphasen aus dem martensitischen Gefüge zu einer erhöhten Festigkeit. Im direkten Presshärten können auf diesem Wege Festigkeiten bis etwa 1000 MPa erreicht werden. Nach einer anschließenden Anlassbehandlung kann die Festigkeit um bis zu 500 MPa angehoben werden. Durch die gute Kaltumformbarkeit sind diese Stähle auch für indirekte Verfahren gut geeignet. Ebenfalls besteht durch Einbringen einer gleichmäßigen Kaltverformung (Nachwalzen) vor dem Umformen ein weiteres Härtungspotenzial.With precipitation hardening steels, such as the steel listed under material number 1.4568, after solution annealing and quenching, the precipitation of intermetallic compounds as well as carbides, nitrides and copper phases from the martensitic structure leads to increased strength. In direct press hardening, strengths of up to around 1000 MPa can be achieved in this way. After a subsequent tempering treatment, the strength can be increased by up to 500 MPa. Due to the good cold formability, these steels are also well suited for indirect processes. There is also further hardening potential by introducing uniform cold forming (re-rolling) before forming.
Im Ergebnis erlaubt die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von einem nicht rostenden Stahlprodukt für die Herstellung von warmpressgehärteten Bauteilen und die sich daraus ergebende Verfahrensweise eine gegenüber dem Stand der Technik des Warmpresshärtens deutlich vereinfachte Herstellung von Bauteilen, die hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften und ihres Korrosionsschutzes optimal für anspruchsvolle Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise den Bau von Automobilkarosserien, geeignet sind.As a result, the use of a stainless steel product according to the invention allows for the manufacture of hot press hardened components and the resulting procedure a significantly simplified manufacture of components compared to the state of the art of hot press hardening, the mechanical properties and corrosion protection of which are ideally suited for demanding applications such as the construction of automobile bodies.
Ein erfindungsgemäß warmpressgehärtetes Bauteil wird aus einem Stahlprodukt erzeugt, das aus einem nicht rostenden Stahl besteht, der als Pflichtbestandteile (in Gew.-%) C: 0,010 - 1,200 %, P: bis zu 0,1 %, S: bis zu 0,1 %, Si: 0,10 - 1,5 %, Cr: 10,5 - 20,0 % und als Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen enthält.A component which is hot-press-hardened according to the invention is produced from a steel product which consists of a stainless steel which, as compulsory components (in% by weight), C: 0.010-1.200%, P: up to 0.1%, S: up to 0, 1%, Si: 0.10 - 1.5%, Cr: 10.5 - 20.0% and the balance contains iron and unavoidable impurities.
Durch die in einem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahl enthaltene, im Bereich von 0,01 - 1,2 Gew.-% liegende Menge an Kohlenstoff lässt sich die Martensithärte des Stahls steuern. Optimale Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäß durch Warmpresshärten erzeugten Bauteils ergeben sich in dieser Hinsicht dann, wenn der erfindungsgemäß verwendete Stahl 0,01 - 1,0 Gew.-% C, insbesondere 0,01 - 0,5 Gew.-%, enthält.The martensite hardness of the steel can be controlled by the amount of carbon contained in a steel used according to the invention, which is in the range of 0.01-1.2% by weight. Optimal properties of the component produced according to the invention by hot press hardening result in this regard if the steel used according to the invention contains 0.01-1.0% by weight of C, in particular 0.01-0.5% by weight.
Gehalte von 0,1 - 1,5 Gew.-% Si wirken als Antioxidant und erhöhen die Festigkeit des Stahls.Levels of 0.1 - 1.5% by weight of Si act as an antioxidant and increase the strength of the steel.
Der hohe Cr-Anteil erfindungsgemäß verwendeter Stähle trägt insbesondere im Hochtemperatureinsatz wesentlich zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei. Er führt bei Raumtemperatur wie auch bei hohen Temperaturen zur Bildung einer Cr-Oxidschicht auf der Oberfläche, so dass das erfindungsgemäß verarbeitete Stahlprodukt weder während der Wärmebehandlung noch im späteren praktischen Einsatz einen zusätzlichen Korrosionsschutz benötigt. Der Cr-Anteil im Werkstoff ist bei hohen Temperaturen, wie sie bei der erfindungsgemäßen Erwärmung auf die jeweilige Austenitisierungstemperatur TA vorliegen, formstabiler als bei den konventionell für das Warmpresshärten verwendeten, korrosionsempfindlichen MnB-Güten. Dementsprechend einfacher ist es, erfindungsgemäß verwendete Stahlprodukte bei hohen Temperaturen zu verarbeiten. Insbesondere kann auch der Transport von der Erwärmungseinrichtung bis zum Einlegen in das jeweilige Presswerkzeug ohne die Gefahr einer das Verarbeitungsergebnis beeinträchtigenden Oxidation der Oberfläche an Umgebungsluft erfolgen. Ein optimal ausgewogenes Verhältnis an Legierungskosten und positiven Wirkungen des Cr-Anteils eines erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahls ergibt sich dann, wenn sein Cr-Gehalt zwischen 11 und 19 Gew.-%, insbesondere 11 - 15 Gew.-%, liegt.The high Cr content of steels used according to the invention contributes significantly to corrosion resistance, particularly in high-temperature use. It leads at room temperature as well as at high temperatures Formation of a Cr oxide layer on the surface, so that the steel product processed according to the invention does not require additional corrosion protection either during the heat treatment or in later practical use. The Cr content in the material is more dimensionally stable at high temperatures, such as are present when the invention is heated to the respective austenitizing temperature TA, than with the corrosion-sensitive MnB grades conventionally used for hot press hardening. Accordingly, it is easier to process steel products used according to the invention at high temperatures. In particular, the transport from the heating device to the insertion into the respective pressing tool can also take place without the risk of an oxidation of the surface in ambient air which affects the processing result. An optimally balanced ratio of alloy costs and positive effects of the Cr content of a steel used according to the invention is obtained if its Cr content is between 11 and 19% by weight, in particular 11-15% by weight.
Die Gehalte an P und S sind jeweils auf 0,1 Gew.-% beschränkt, um negativen Auswirkungen dieser Elemente auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stahls vorzubeugen.The P and S contents are each limited to 0.1% by weight in order to prevent negative effects of these elements on the mechanical properties of the steel processed according to the invention.
Neben den voranstehend genannten Pflichtbestandteilen kann der erfindungsgemäß verwendete Stahl optional eines oder mehrere Elemente aus der Gruppe "Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, H" mit der Maßgabe enthalten, dass die betreffenden Elemente - sofern anwesend - jeweils in folgenden Gehalten vorhanden sind (Angaben in Gew.-%) Mn: 0,10 - 3,0 %, Mo: 0,05 - 2,50 %, Ni: 0,05 - 8,50 %, Cu: 0,050 - 3,00 %, N: 0,01 - 0,2 %, Ti: bis zu 0,02 %, Nb: bis zu 0,1 %, B: bis zu 0,1 %, V: bis zu 0,2 %, Al: 0,001 - 1,5 %, Ca: 0,0005 - 0,003 %, As: 0,003 - 0,015 %, Sn: 0,003 - 0,01 %, Sb: 0,002 - 0,01 %, Pb: bis zu 0,01 %, Bi: bis zu 0,01 % und H: bis zu 0,0025 %.In addition to the compulsory components mentioned above, the steel used according to the invention can optionally include one or more elements from the group "Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi "H" with the proviso that the relevant elements - if present - each is present in the following contents (figures in% by weight) Mn: 0.10 - 3.0%, Mo: 0.05 - 2.50%, Ni: 0.05 - 8.50%, Cu : 0.050 - 3.00%, N: 0.01 - 0.2%, Ti: up to 0.02%, Nb: up to 0.1%, B: up to 0.1%, V: up to 0.2%, Al: 0.001 - 1.5%, Ca: 0.0005 - 0.003%, As: 0.003 - 0.015%, Sn: 0.003 - 0.01%, Sb: 0.002 - 0.01%, Pb: up to 0.01%, Bi: up to 0.01% and H: up to 0.0025%.
Die Anwesenheit von Mn in Gehalten von 0,10 - 3,0 Gew.-% unterstützt die gewünschte Austenitbildung bei hohen Temperaturen, so dass das erfindungsgemäß angestrebte Härtegefüge gebildet wird.The presence of Mn in contents of 0.10-3.0% by weight supports the desired austenite formation at high temperatures, so that the hardness structure sought according to the invention is formed.
Molybdän in Gehalten von 0,05 - 2,50 Gew.-% trägt zur Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei.Molybdenum in a content of 0.05 - 2.50% by weight helps to improve the corrosion resistance.
Nickel kann in einem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten nicht rostenden Stahl in Gehalten von 0,05 - 8,50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 - 7,0 Gew.-%, vorhanden sein, um ebenfalls die Korrosionsbeständigkeit zu erhöhen und die Austenitbildung bei hohen Temperaturen, wie sie bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise während der dem Pressformen vorangehenden Wärmebehandlung erreicht werden, zu unterstützen. Diese Wirkung tritt bereits bei Gehalten von bis zu 1,5 Gew.-% Nickel mit ausreichender Effektivität ein, so dass bei einer praxisgerechten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Obergrenze des Ni-Gehaltsbereichs auf diesen Wert beschränkt sein kann.Nickel can be present in a stainless steel used according to the invention in a content of 0.05-8.50% by weight, in particular 0.05-7.0% by weight, in order to likewise increase the corrosion resistance and the austenite formation to support high temperatures, such as are achieved in the procedure according to the invention during the heat treatment preceding the press molding. This effect occurs with sufficient effectiveness even at contents of up to 1.5% by weight of nickel, so that the upper limit of the Ni content range can be limited to this value in a practical embodiment of the invention.
Cu kann einem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahl ebenfalls zur Unterstützung der für die Entstehung des Härtegefüges gewünschten Austenitbildung in Gehalten von 0,050 - 3,00 Gew.-% zugegeben werden.Cu can also be used in a steel used according to the invention to support the formation of the hardness structure desired austenite formation in contents of 0.050 - 3.00 wt .-% are added.
Über Stickstoff-Gehalte von 0,01 - 0,2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,01 - 0,02 Gew.-%, lässt sich ebenfalls die Martensithärte des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahls steuern.The martensite hardness of the steel used according to the invention can also be controlled via nitrogen contents of 0.01-0.2% by weight, in particular 0.01-0.02% by weight.
Ti in Gehalten von bis zu 0,02 Gew.-% minimiert die Gefahr von Rissbildung während des im Zuge der Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stahlprodukts erforderlichen Vergießens des nicht rostenden Stahls.Ti in contents of up to 0.02% by weight minimizes the risk of cracking during the casting of the stainless steel required in the course of the production of a steel product processed according to the invention.
Auch Gehalte bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% an Niob tragen zur Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit des Stahles während der Herstellung des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahlproduktes bei.Contents of up to 0.1% by weight of niobium also contribute to improving the formability of the steel during the production of the steel product used according to the invention.
B in Gehalten von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 Gew.-%, wirkt sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Vermeidung von Rissen beim Bandguss eines erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stahls aus und vermindert beim konventionellen Strangguss die Gefahr von Oberflächenaufreißern. Zudem lässt sich durch Zugabe von Bor auch die Martensithärte des erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stahls steuern.B in contents of up to 0.1% by weight, in particular 0.05% by weight, also has a positive effect on the avoidance of cracks during the strip casting of a steel processed according to the invention and reduces the risk of surface ripping in conventional continuous casting. In addition, the martensite hardness of the steel processed according to the invention can also be controlled by adding boron.
V in Gehalten von bis zu 0,2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 Gew.-%, verbessert wie Nb die Umformbarkeit während des Vergießens des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahls.V in contents of up to 0.2% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight, like Nb improves the formability during the casting of the steel used according to the invention.
Al in Gehalten von 0,001 - 1,50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,001 - 0,03 Gew.-%, und Ca in Gehalten von 0,0005 - 0,003 Gew.-% tragen zur Optimierung des Reinheitsgrades eines erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahls während seines Vergießens im Band- oder Strangguss bei.Al in contents of 0.001-1.50% by weight, in particular 0.001-0.03% by weight, and Ca in contents of 0.0005-0.003% by weight contribute to optimizing the degree of purity Steel used according to the invention during its casting in strip or continuous casting.
As in Gehalten von 0,003 - 0,015 Gew.-%, Sn in Gehalten von 0,003 - 0,01 Gew.-%, Sb in Gehalten von 0,002 - 0,01 Gew.-%, Pb in Gehalten von bis zu 0,01 Gew.-% und Bi in Gehalten von bis zu 0,01 Gew.-% werden erfindungsgemäßem Stahl zugegeben, um beim Bandguss Rissbildung zu vermeiden oder um beim Warmwalzen von stranggegossenem erfindungsgemäß verwendetem Stahl Oberflächenfehler zu vermeiden.As in contents of 0.003-0.015% by weight, Sn in contents of 0.003-0.01% by weight, Sb in contents of 0.002-0.01% by weight, Pb in contents of up to 0.01% by weight .-% and Bi in contents of up to 0.01% by weight are added to steel according to the invention in order to avoid crack formation during strip casting or to avoid surface defects when hot-rolling cast steel used according to the invention.
Die Gehalte an H werden bei einem erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stahl schließlich auf bis zu 0,0025 Gew.-% begrenzt, um die Entstehung von so genanntem "Delayed Cracking", d.h. einer verzögerten, Wasserstoffinduzierten Rissbildung unter den im praktischen Gebrauch herrschenden Bedingungen, zu vermeiden.The contents of H in a steel processed according to the invention are finally limited to up to 0.0025% by weight in order to prevent the formation of so-called "delayed cracking", i.e. to avoid a delayed, hydrogen-induced crack formation under the conditions prevailing in practical use.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten, in der voranstehend erläuterten Weise zusammengesetzten Stahlprodukt kann es sich um ein durch Warm- oder Kaltwalzen erzeugtes Stahlflachprodukt, also beispielsweise einen aus einem warm- oder kaltgewalzten nicht rostenden Stahlblech oder -band gewonnenen Zuschnitt handeln. Ebenso ist es aber auch möglich, als Stahlprodukt ein Halbzeug zu verarbeiten, das aus einem entsprechenden Stahlflachprodukt vorgeformt worden ist, bevor es in erfindungemäßer Weise verarbeitet wird.The steel product used according to the invention and assembled in the manner explained above can be a flat steel product produced by hot or cold rolling, that is to say, for example, a blank obtained from a hot or cold-rolled stainless steel sheet or strip. However, it is also possible to process a semi-finished product as a steel product which has been preformed from a corresponding flat steel product before it is processed in a manner according to the invention.
Des Weiteren kann das erfindungsgemäß verwendete Stahlprodukt als so genanntes "Tailored Blank" aus mindestens zwei miteinander verbundenen Stahlflachproduktzuschnitten gebildet sein, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Dicke oder physikalischen Eigenschaften voneinander unterscheiden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich in der Praxis unterschiedlich belasteten Abschnitten des erfindungsgemäß erzeugten und beschaffenen Bauteils den jeweils auftretenden Belastungen optimal angepasste Materialien zuweisen. So ist es ebenfalls möglich, dass nur ein Teilabschnitt des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Stahlflachproduktes aus einem nicht rostenden Stahl der erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Zusammensetzung besteht, während ein anderer Abschnitt aus einem konventionellen niedrig legierten und rostempfindlichen Stahl erzeugt ist, wenn dies unter Berücksichtigung der jeweils örtlichen Gegebenheiten und Belastungen angezeigt ist, unter denen das erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Bauteil in der Praxis eingesetzt ist.Furthermore, the steel product used according to the invention can be a so-called “tailored blank” made up of at least two interconnected Steel flat product blanks can be formed, which differ from each other in terms of their thickness or physical properties. In this way, in practice, differently loaded sections of the component produced and procured according to the invention can be assigned optimally adapted materials to the loads that occur. It is also possible that only a partial section of the flat steel product used according to the invention consists of a stainless steel of the composition specified according to the invention, while another section is produced from a conventional low-alloy and rust-sensitive steel, if this takes into account the respective local conditions and loads is indicated under which the component produced according to the invention is used in practice.
Das entsprechend ausgebildete Stahlprodukt durchläuft erfindungsgemäß folgende für das Warmpresshärten typische Arbeitsschritte:
- a) Bereitstellen eines in der voranstehend erläuterten Weise beschaffenen Stahlproduktes;
- b) Durcherwärmen des Stahlprodukts auf eine oberhalb der Ac3-Temperatur des nicht rostenden Stahls liegenden Austenitisierungstemperatur;
- c) Warmpresshärten des erwärmten Stahlprodukts zu dem Bauteil in einem Presswerkzeug;
- d) Abkühlen mindestens eines Abschnitts des erhaltenen Bauteils mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit, die so hoch ist, dass sich in dem jeweils schnell abgekühlten Abschnitt Härtegefüge bildet.
- a) providing a steel product procured in the manner explained above;
- b) heating the steel product to an austenitizing temperature above the Ac3 temperature of the stainless steel;
- c) hot press hardening the heated steel product to the component in a press tool;
- d) cooling at least a section of the component obtained with a Cooling speed that is so high that hardness structures form in the rapidly cooled section.
Durch die Höhe der jeweils erreichten Austenitisierungstemperatur lässt sich die Ausbildung des Härtegefüges im nach dem Warmpresshärten erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Bauteils steuern. Um maximale Festigkeitswerte eines erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Bauteils zu erreichen, wird das erfindungsgemäß verarbeitete Stahlprodukt im Zuge des Arbeitsschritts b) auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt werden, die oberhalb der Ac3-Temperatur des nicht rostenden Stahls liegt (Ac3-Temperatur: Temperatur, bei der die Umwandlung in Austenit abgeschlossen ist). Das in diesem Fall vollständig austenitisierte Gefüge wandelt beim anschließenden Abkühlen vollständig in Martensit um, so das eine hohe Gefügehärte und damit einhergehend maximale Zugfestigkeiten erreicht werden.The formation of the hardness structure in the component obtained according to the invention after hot press hardening can be controlled by the level of the austenitizing temperature reached in each case. In order to achieve maximum strength values of a component produced according to the invention, the steel product processed according to the invention is heated in the course of step b) to an austenitizing temperature which is above the Ac3 temperature of the stainless steel (Ac3 temperature: temperature at which the conversion into Austenite is complete). The structure, which in this case is completely austenitized, converts completely to martensite when it cools down, so that a high structural hardness and the associated maximum tensile strengths are achieved.
Die zur Ausbildung des Härtegefüges erforderliche schnelle Abkühlung des erfindungsgemäß warmpressgehärteten Bauteils kann in an sich bekannter Weise im Presswerkzeug selbst erfolgen, das dazu mit einer geeigneten Kühleinrichtung versehen ist. Alternativ kann die Abkühlung auch nach der Warmpressformgebung in einem separaten Arbeitsschritt erfolgen, wenn gewährleistet ist, dass das Bauteil nach Beendigung des Warmpressvorgangs noch eine ausreichend hohe Temperatur besitzt.The rapid cooling of the hot-press-hardened component according to the invention required to form the hardness structure can take place in a known manner in the pressing tool itself, which is provided with a suitable cooling device for this purpose. Alternatively, the cooling can also take place in a separate working step after the hot press molding, if it is ensured that the component still has a sufficiently high temperature after the end of the hot press process.
In ebenfalls an sich bekannter Weise kann sowohl die Erwärmung des Stahlproduktes vor der Warmpressformgebung als auch die Abkühlung nach der Warmpressformgebung auf bestimmte Abschnitte des Stahlproduktes beschränkt werden, wenn am fertigen Bauteil Zonen mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften erzeugt werden sollen.In a manner known per se, both the heating of the steel product before hot press molding and the cooling after hot press molding can be restricted to certain sections of the steel product if zones with different mechanical properties are to be produced on the finished component.
Die Erwärmung des Stahlflachproduktes erfolgt bevorzugt in einem geschlossenen Ofen. Denkbar ist aber auch eine Erwärmung durch Induktion oder Konduktion.The flat steel product is preferably heated in a closed oven. However, heating by induction or conduction is also conceivable.
Ein an jeder Stelle hoch belastbares Bauteil lässt sich demgegenüber in erfindungsgemäßer Weise dadurch erzeugen, dass das Stahlformteil so erwärmt und abgekühlt wird, dass sich über sein gesamtes Volumen Härtegefüge bildet.In contrast, a component that is highly resilient at any point can be produced in accordance with the invention by heating and cooling the shaped steel part in such a way that a hardness structure is formed over its entire volume.
Um die Entstehung von Härtegefüge (z.B. vollständig martensitisch) sicher zu gewährleisten, sind bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten ausreichend, die maximal 25 K/s, insbesondere maximal 20 K/s, betragen, wobei sich besonders gute Arbeitsergebnisse einstellen, wenn die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf maximal 15 K/s beschränkt ist. Um die Entstehung einer ausreichenden Härte zu gewährleisten, sollte die Abkühlrate jedoch mindestens 0,1 K/s, insbesondere mindestens 0,2 - 1,3 K/s betragen. Abkühlraten oberhalb von 25 K/s haben gezeigt, dass es zu einer ungewollt schnellen Aufhärtung kommt, die zu einer eingeschränkten Umformbarkeit führt. Bevorzugt werden Abkühlraten zwischen 5 und 20 K/s eingestellt, wobei mit ansteigender Abkühlrate höhere Festigkeiten im Bauteil erzielt werden können.In order to reliably ensure the formation of hardness structure (e.g. completely martensitic), cooling speeds of a maximum of 25 K / s, in particular a maximum of 20 K / s, are sufficient in the procedure according to the invention, and particularly good work results are obtained when the cooling speed is at a maximum of 15 K / s is limited. In order to ensure sufficient hardness, the cooling rate should be at least 0.1 K / s, in particular at least 0.2 - 1.3 K / s. Cooling rates above 25 K / s have shown that there is an unintentionally rapid hardening, which leads to limited formability. Cooling rates of between 5 and 20 K / s are preferably set, with increasing cooling rate higher strengths can be achieved in the component.
Die Ausbildung der einzelnen Zonen unterschiedlicher Beschaffenheit kann auch dadurch beeinflusst werden, dass bestimmte Zonen der mit dem Stahlprodukt in Berührung kommenden Flächen des Pressformwerkzeugs erwärmt sind, so dass dort eine zu Härtegefüge führende Abkühlung des Stahlprodukts beispielsweise sicher vermieden wird.The formation of the individual zones of different characteristics can also be influenced by heating certain zones of the surfaces of the compression molding tool that come into contact with the steel product, so that cooling of the steel product that leads to a hardness structure, for example, is reliably avoided there.
Erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Bauteile weisen in den Bereichen, in denen sie Härtegefüge besitzen, regelmäßig eine mindestens 900 MPa betragende Zugfestigkeit auf und besitzen dort eine Dehnung A80 von mindestens 2 %.Components produced in accordance with the invention regularly have a tensile strength of at least 900 MPa in the areas in which they have a hardness structure and there they have an elongation A80 of at least 2%.
Aufgrund ihrer praxisgerechten Kombination aus optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften einerseits und hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit andererseits eignen sich erfindungsgemäß durch Warmpresshärten eines aus einem nicht rostenden Stahl erzeugten Stahlprodukts hergestellte Bauteile besonders als Teile von Karosserien für Kraftfahrzeuge, Nutzfahrzeuge oder Schienenfahrzeuge, für Flugzeuge oder hochfeste Konstruktionselemente.Due to their practical combination of optimized mechanical properties on the one hand and high corrosion resistance on the other hand, components manufactured by hot press hardening of a steel product produced from a stainless steel are particularly suitable as parts of bodies for motor vehicles, commercial vehicles or rail vehicles, for airplanes or high-strength structural elements.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.
Die Festigkeit der pressgehärteten Bauteile wird über die Härte und die in der DIN 50150 angegebenen Tabellen in eine Zugfestigkeit Rm überführt. Die in der DIN 50150 ausgewiesenen Werte für die Vickershärte HV10 und die Zugfestigkeit sind für unlegierte und niedriglegierte Stähle ermittelt.The strength of the press-hardened components is converted into a tensile strength Rm via the hardness and the tables given in DIN 50150. The values for Vickers hardness HV10 and tensile strength shown in DIN 50150 are determined for unalloyed and low-alloy steels.
Referenzversuche, die für den Werkstoff 4003 und 4034 durchgeführt worden sind, ergeben eine gute Übereinstimmung der Tabellenwerte mit den an gehärteten Zugversuchsproben gemessenen HV10- bzw. Zugfestigkeitswerten. Die Ergebnisse der Referenzversuche sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
Unter Verwendung von aus Stählen S1 - S9 hergestellten Platinen sind verschiedene Versuche durchgeführt worden. In Tabelle 2 sind die Werkstoffnummern ("Sorte") und die die Eigenschaften bestimmenden Legierungsbestandteile der betreffenden Stähle S1 - S9 eingetragen.
In Tabelle 3 sind für aus den Stählen S1 - S7 erzeugte Platinen zusätzlich die jeweils vor dem Presshärten ermittelte Zugfestigkeit und Vickershärte HV10 sowie die jeweilige Ac1-, bei der die Umwandlung in Austenit einsetzt, und die Ac3-Temperatur eingetragen, bei der die Umwandlung in Austenit und das Ende der Ferritauflösung abgeschlossen ist.In Table 3, the tensile strength and Vickers hardness HV10 determined before the press hardening and the respective Ac1- at which the transformation into austenite starts and the Ac3 temperature at which the transformation into Austenite and the end of ferrite dissolution is complete.
Um einerseits hohe Umformgrade und andererseits optimale Festigkeiten zu realisieren, wird vorliegend eine auf oberhalb Ac3 liegende Erwärmung vorgenommen, die abhängig vom C- und Cr-Gehalt des nicht rostenden Stahls ist, um zu gewährleisten, dass sich die Ferrite und Karbide gegebenenfalls vollständig auflösen. Karbide können sich bei hohen Umformgraden störend auswirken und beispielsweise zu Rissen im Bauteil führen.In order to achieve a high degree of forming on the one hand and optimum strength on the other hand, heating is carried out to above Ac3, which is dependent on the C and Cr content of the stainless steel, in order to ensure that the ferrites and carbides dissolve completely if necessary. Carbides can have a disruptive effect at high degrees of deformation and, for example, lead to cracks in the component.
Oberhalb von Ac3 kann ein homogener Austenit als auch ein mit zunehmendem C-Gehalt austenitisch-karbidisches Gefüge vorliegen.
Aus den aus den Stählen S1 - S7 erzeugten Platinen sind durch direktes, in einem Zuge erfolgendes Pressformhärten Blechformteile geformt worden. Für die so erhaltenen Blechformteile ist dann die Vickershärte HV10 gemessen und daraus die Zugfestigkeit in der in der DIN 50150 beschriebenen Weise ermittelt worden.Sheet metal parts were formed from the blanks produced from steels S1 - S7 by direct, press hardening. The Vickers hardness HV10 was then measured for the sheet metal parts obtained in this way and the tensile strength was determined therefrom in the manner described in DIN 50150.
Zwecks Verifizierung der erhaltenen Bauteileigenschaften sind Zugproben aus den Stählen S1, S4 und S5 direkt pressgehärtet worden. An den gehärteten Proben S1', S4' und S5' wurden dann nach DIN 10002 die Zugfestigkeit Rm und die Dehnung A80 ermittelt.To verify the component properties obtained, tensile specimens made from steels S1, S4 and S5 were directly press hardened. The tensile strength Rm and the elongation A80 were then determined on the hardened samples S1 ', S4' and S5 'in accordance with DIN 10002.
Die in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise gemessenen und bestimmten Eigenschaften der aus den Stählen S1 - S7 sind in Tabelle 4 eingetragen.
Um den Einfluss der Abkühlrate auf die bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise erzielte Bauteilhärte zu ermitteln, sind Abkühlversuche durchgeführt worden. Dabei sind in einem zweistufigen Verfahren Platinen, die jeweils aus einem der Stähle S3 - S8 bestanden, zunächst warmpressgeformt, über unterschiedliche Abkühlzeiten t8/5 von 800 °C auf 500 °C und dann bis auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt worden. Da im Bereich zwischen 800 °C bis 500 °C die wichtigsten Umwandlungen stattfinden, ist in diesem Bereich das Einhalten der erfindungsgemäßen Abkühlrate von besonderer Bedeutung, um gezielt Einfluss auf die Festigkeitswerte nehmen zu können. An den so erhaltenen Bauteilen ist dann jeweils die Vickershärte HV10 gemessen worden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen sowie die im Zuge der Abkühlung erzielten Abkühlraten sind in Tabelle 5 eingetragen.
Demnach sind zur Ausbildung des Härtegefüges jeweils Abkühlraten ausreichend, die deutlich unterhalb der üblicherweise beim Pressformhärten angewendeten Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten liegen. Die erfindungsgemäß verarbeiteten Stähle wandeln bei langsamem Abkühlen immer noch martensitisch um. Dies wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf den Fertigungsprozess aus, da insbesondere beim einstufigen, direkt erfolgenden Pressformhärten das Umformwerkzeug weniger stark gekühlt werden muss.Accordingly, in each case cooling rates are sufficient to form the hardness structure, which are clearly below the cooling rates usually used in press hardening. The steels processed in accordance with the invention still convert martensitically with slow cooling. This has an advantageous effect on the production process, since the forming tool does not have to be cooled as much, particularly in the case of single-stage, direct mold hardening.
Durch direktes Pressformhärten erzeugte Bauteile durchlaufen in der Praxis häufig noch eine Wärmebehandlung. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn es sich bei den Pressformteilen um Bauteile für Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien handelt, die im Zuge ihrer Weiterverarbeitung einbrennlackiert werden. Der Einfluss einer solchen oder einer vergleichbaren Anlassbehandlung auf die Festigkeits- und Dehnungswerte der in erfindungsgemäßer Weise pressformgehärteten Bauteile ist anhand von aus jeweils aus einem der Stähle S2, S3 und S7 bestehenden, in erfindungsgemäßer Weise durch direktes Pressformhärten erzeugten Bauteilen überprüft worden, die unter den in Tabelle 6 angegebenen Bedingungen angelassen worden sind und bei denen sich im Zuge der Anlassbehandlung die in Tabelle 6 ebenfalls angegebenen Eigenschaften eingestellt haben.
Es zeigt sich, dass ein Anlassen in dem durch die Versuche abgedeckten Temperaturbereich von 170 - 500 °C jeweils allenfalls zu einer sehr geringen Abnahme der Festigkeiten der erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Bauteile führt.It can be seen that tempering in the temperature range of 170-500 ° C. covered by the tests leads at most to a very slight decrease in the strength of the components produced according to the invention.
Um den Prozess des indirekten Presshärtens zu erproben, ist eine aus dem Stahl S9 bestehende Platine verarbeitet worden. Nach einem Lösungsglühen wies die Platine eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 816 MPa auf. Die so beschaffene Platine ist dann zur Simulation des Pressformvorgangs zu einem Bauteil umgeformt und über eine Dauer von 30 min bei 820 °C gehalten worden, um anschließend im Werkzeug abhängig vom Bauteilbereich bzw. des Kontaktzeitpunkts mit einer Abkühlrate von ca. 15 K/s abgeschreckt zu werden. Nach dem Abschrecken wies das Bauteil eine Härte HV10 von 340 auf, was einer Zugfestigkeit Rm von ca. 1015 MPa entspricht.To test the process of indirect press hardening, a board made of S9 steel has been processed. After solution annealing, the board had a tensile strength Rm of 816 MPa. The board obtained in this way was then formed into a component to simulate the compression molding process and held at 820 ° C. for a period of 30 minutes, and then in the tool depending on the area of the component or the time of contact to be quenched with a cooling rate of approx. 15 K / s. After quenching, the component had a hardness HV10 of 340, which corresponds to a tensile strength Rm of approximately 1015 MPa.
Zum Vergleich ist ein aus demselben Werkstoff S9 bestehendes Blech auf eine Dicke von 1 mm nachgewalzt worden. In Folge der im Zuge des Nachwalzens eingetretenen Verfestigung lag beim nachgewalzten Blech eine Zugfestigkeit von 1500 MPa vor. Das in diesem Zustand nur noch eingeschränkt umformbare nachgewalzte Blech ist anschließend mit einem Biegeradius von 9 mm um 90° abgekantet worden. Das so erhaltene Winkelprofil ist im Ofen bei 550 °C eine Stunde lang angelassen und dann im Werkzeug abgekühlt worden. Die dabei erzielte Abkühlrate betrug 10 K/s. Das abgekantete und ausgehärtete Profil erreicht eine Härte HV10 von 571. Im als
Es zeigt sich, dass die aus dem ferritischen Stahl S1 und dem martensitischen Stahl S4 erzeugten Bauteile E1,E2 eine den konventionell erzeugten Bauteilen überlegene Kombination aus Dehnwert und Zugfestigkeit besitzen, während das dritte erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Bauteile eine bessere Zugfestigkeit bei immer noch guten Dehnwerten aufweist. Zudem sind erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Bauteile korrosionsbeständiger bzw. benötigen keine zusätzlichen Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen.It can be seen that the components E1, E2 produced from the ferritic steel S1 and the martensitic steel S4 have a combination of elongation value and tensile strength that is superior to that of conventionally produced components, while the third component produced according to the invention has better tensile strength with still good elongation values. In addition, components produced according to the invention are more corrosion-resistant or do not require any additional corrosion protection coatings.
Claims (12)
- Method for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component for a vehicle body, for aircraft or high-strength construction elements, comprising the following production steps:a) providing a steel product produced at least in sections from a stainless steel having the following composition (specified in %.wt.)
C: 0.010-1.200 %,
P: up to 0.1 %,
S: up to 0.1 %,
Si: 0.10-1.5 %,
Cr: 10.5-20.0 %
and optionally one or more elements from the group "Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, H" with the requirement
Mn: 0.10-3.0 %,
Mo: 0.05-2.50 %,
Ni: 0.05-8.50 %,
Cu: 0.050-3.00 %,
N: 0.01-0.2 %,
Ti: up to 0.02 %,
Nb: up to 0.1 %,
B: up to 0.1 %,
V: up to 0.2 %,
Al: 0.001-1.50 %,
Ca: 0.0005-0.003 %,
As: 0.003-0.015 %,
Sn: 0.003-0.01 %,
Sb: 0.002-0.01 %,
Pb: up to 0.01 %,
Bi: up to 0.01 %,
H: up to 0.0025 %,
remainder iron and unavoidable impurities;b) heating the steel product through to an austenisation temperature above the Ac3 temperature of the stainless steel;c) hot press-hardening the heated steel product into the component in a pressing die;d) cooling at least one section of the component obtained at a cooling rate which is high enough for a martensitic structure to form in the section which is rapidly cooled in each case, wherein the component obtained, in the areas in which it has a martensitic structure, has a tensile strength amounting to at least 900 MPa and an elongation A80 of at least 2 %. - Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the steel formed part is cooled in the press forming die in such a way that the martensitic structure forms.
- Method according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the areas of the press forming die coming into contact with the steel product are heated in sections.
- Method according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the steel formed part is cooled in such a way that a martensitic structure forms over its entire volume.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling rate, at which the steel product at least in sections is cooled, is at most 25 K/s.
- Method according to Claim 5, characterised in that the cooling rate, at which the steel product at least in sections is cooled, is at least 0.1 K/s.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the steel product is a steel flat product.
- Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the steel product is a preformed semi-finished product.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the steel product is formed from at least two steel flat product blanks which are joined to one another and differ from one another in terms of their thickness or physical properties.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the C content of the stainless steel is limited to 0.5 % wt.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the Cr content of the stainless steel is 11-19 % wt.
- Use of a steel product consisting at least in sections of a stainless steel which contains (in % wt.)
C: 0.010-1.200 %,
P: up to 0.1 %,
S: up to 0.1 %,
Si: 0.10-1.5 %,
Cr: 10.5-20.0 %
and optionally one or more elements from the group "Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Ti, Nb, B, V, Al, Ca, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, H" with the requirement Mn: 0.10-3.0 %,
Mo: 0.05-2.50 %,
Ni: 0.05-8.50 %,
Cu: 0.050-3.00 %,
N: 0.01-0.2 %,
Ti: up to 0.02 %,
Nb: up to 0.1 %,
B: up to 0.1 %,
V: up to 0.2 %,
Al: 0.001-1.50 %,
Ca: 0.0005-0.003 %,
As: 0.003-0.015 %,
Sn: 0.003-0.01 %,
Sb: 0.002-0.01 %,
Pb: up to 0.01 %,
Bi: up to 0.01 %,
H: up to 0.0025 %,
remainder iron and unavoidable impurities,
for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component for a vehicle body, for aircraft or high-strength construction elements, wherein the component obtained, in the areas in which it has a martensitic structure, has a tensile strength amounting to at least 900 MPa and an elongation A80 of at least 2 %.
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PCT/EP2010/058527 WO2010149561A1 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-17 | Method for producing a hot press cured component, use of a steel product for producing a hot press cured component, and hot press cured component |
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- 2010-06-17 CN CN201080028297.2A patent/CN102803519B/en active Active
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JP5755644B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
CN102803519B (en) | 2015-08-19 |
WO2010149561A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
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