EP2443735A1 - Convertisseur - Google Patents

Convertisseur

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Publication number
EP2443735A1
EP2443735A1 EP09779835A EP09779835A EP2443735A1 EP 2443735 A1 EP2443735 A1 EP 2443735A1 EP 09779835 A EP09779835 A EP 09779835A EP 09779835 A EP09779835 A EP 09779835A EP 2443735 A1 EP2443735 A1 EP 2443735A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
modules
chain
voltage source
limbs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09779835A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Colin Donald Murray Oates
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Areva T&D UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva T&D UK Ltd filed Critical Areva T&D UK Ltd
Publication of EP2443735A1 publication Critical patent/EP2443735A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • H02J3/1857Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters wherein such bridge converter is a multilevel converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/20Active power filtering [APF]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the field of invention relates to a voltage source converter for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission and reactive power compensation.
  • HVDC high voltage direct current
  • alternating current (AC) power is typically converted to high voltage direct current (DC) power for transmission via overhead lines and/or under-sea cables.
  • DC direct current
  • VSC Voltage Source Converter
  • a voltage source converter that converts electrical power in AC form to electrical power in DC form is shown in Figure 1.
  • the voltage source converter 20 comprises at least one chain-link converter 22 including first and second terminals 24,26 and first and second limbs 28,30 connected in series between the first and second terminals 24,26.
  • the number of chain-link converters 22 in the voltage source converter 20 is dependent on the number of phases in the power supplied by the AC network 32.
  • Each of the first and second limbs 28,30 includes a chain of modules 34 connected in series with at least one inductor 36.
  • the first and second terminals 24,26 of the chain-link converter 22 are connected to a DC network 38, while the AC network 32 is connected to an AC phase connection 40 of the chain-link converter 22.
  • An AC current flowing from the AC network 32 into the AC phase connection 40 divides between the first and second limbs 28,30.
  • Each module in the chain-link converter includes charged capacitance that can be switched in and out of circuit to provide a continuously variable voltage source.
  • the chain-link converter therefore converts and transfers electrical power from the AC network to the higher voltage DC network by building up the chain-link converter using the chain of modules.
  • An example of the chain-link converter build-up is given in Figure 2, which shows the synthesis of a 50 Hz power waveform by staggering switching of the modules. If an error in converter operation results in a mismatch of power between the AC and DC networks, the net capacitor charge in one or both limbs will change and possibly lead to converter failure.
  • WO 2008/086760 Al discloses a voltage source converter in which modules are switched in and out of circuit on the basis of predicting the instant at which a correct total charge will be obtained and the next change in the number of modules should be made.
  • WO 2008/067788 Al discloses a voltage source converter in which the total charge between the limbs of a three phase converter is balanced such that the total charge within the limbs remains equal.
  • a voltage source converter for high voltage DC power transmission and reactive power compensation, the voltage source converter comprising at least one chain-link converter including first and second terminals and first and second limbs connected in series between the first and second terminals, each limb including a chain of modules connected in series with at least one inductor, wherein the terminals of the or each chain-link converter are connected in use to a DC network and an AC phase connection of the chain-link converter is connected in use to an AC network such that an AC current flowing from the AC network into the AC phase connection divides between the first and second limbs, and the chain-link converter is controllable to control switching of each module in each of the first and second limbs in order to regulate the division of AC current between the first and second limbs.
  • the ability to regulate the division of AC current between the first and second limbs is advantageous because it means that corrective action may be applied to each chain-link converter in the voltage source converter without affecting the AC network.
  • corrective action may be carried out for a chain-link converter connected to an individual phase of the AC network. Since the corrective action does not affect the individual phase, the balance of the individual phases in the multiphase AC network is maintained.
  • the voltage source converter may include a servo-control to measure an average voltage of the modules in each limb; and a control element operably associated with the chain-link converter to control the switching of each module in each of the first and second limbs in response to control signals received from the servo- control, which are dependent on the measured average voltage values.
  • the use of the servo-control and control element as a feedback mechanism is advantageous because it allows the servo-control to continuously monitor the state of the modules during converter operation and send control signals to the control element to apply any necessary corrective action to the converter.
  • the servo-control may be operable to calculate the required number of modules to be switched into the circuit in response to a measured difference between the average voltages of the modules of the first and second limbs, and to send a control signal to the control element in order to vary the current in the or each inductor of each limb such that the AC and DC networks are equally matched in electrical power.
  • the use of the servo-control and control element to vary the current in each limb not only maintains the power balance between the AC and DC networks, but also consequently balances the voltages across the first and second limbs of the chain-link converter .
  • the servo-control may include a means of sampling the measured difference at the fundamental frequency.
  • Sampling the measured difference at the fundamental frequency prevents inter-modulation between the AC phase current and a harmonic of the fundamental frequency, which might otherwise give rise to harmonic distortion of the AC phase current.
  • a voltage source converter for high voltage DC power transmission and reactive power compensation, the voltage source converter comprising a control element and at least one chain- link converter including first and second terminals and first and second limbs connected in series between the first and second terminals, each limb including a chain of modules in series with at least one inductor, wherein the terminals of the or each chain-link converter are connected in use to a DC network, an AC phase connection of the chain-link converter is connected in use to an AC network such that an AC current flowing from the AC network into the AC phase connection divides between the first and second limbs and the control element is operably associated with the DC network to modify a DC current flowing into the DC network such that an average voltage of the modules of each of the first and second limbs tend towards a reference voltage.
  • the voltage source converter may include a servo-control to measure the average voltage of the modules in each limb, and the control element is preferably operable in response to control signals received from the servo-control, which are dependent on the measured average voltage values .
  • the use of the servo- control and control element as a feedback mechanism is advantageous because it allows the servo-control to continuously monitor the state of the modules during converter operation and send control signals to the control element to apply any necessary corrective action to the converter.
  • the servo-control is preferably operable to calculate the reduction in DC current required to respond to a measured deviation between the reference voltage and the average voltage of the modules of each of the first and second limbs, and to send a control signal to the control element in order to balance the reference voltage and the average voltage of the modules of each of the first and second limbs, wherein the reference voltage is equal to the DC voltage range of the DC network divided by the number of modules in the chain-link converter.
  • the use of the servo-control and control element in this manner ensures that the average module voltage in each limb stays within optimal operating values to prevent any mismatch of power between the AC and DC networks .
  • the first and second limbs preferably have an equal number of modules and all modules preferably share the same characteristics.
  • the design and operation of the voltage source converter is simplified by using the same type and number of modules in both first and second limbs of the chain-link converter.
  • electrical charge is preferably distributed evenly among the modules of each limb.
  • each module may include at least a pair of semiconductor switches connected in parallel with a capacitor, the semiconductor switches being operable by the control element in use so that each chain of modules connected in series provides a continuously variable voltage source .
  • the use of semiconductor switches is advantageous because such devices are small in size and weight, and have relatively low power dissipation. It therefore leads to significant reductions in power converter cost, size and weight.
  • bidirectional i.e. produces voltage steps in both positive and negative polarities
  • the semiconductor switches of each module may preferably be connected with the respective capacitor in a half-bridge arrangement to define a 2-quadrant unipolar module that can develop zero or positive voltage and can conduct current in both directions.
  • each module may preferably be connected with the respective capacitor in a full-bridge arrangement to define a 4-quadrant bipolar module that can develop positive or negative voltage and can conduct current in both directions.
  • Figure 1 shows, in schematic form, a prior art voltage source converter for AC to DC voltage conversion
  • Figure 2 shows the synthesis of a 50Hz power waveform by building up a chain-link converter from a series of modules including charged capacitance
  • Figure 3a shows the form of a two-quadrant module as one able to present the capacitor voltage in both a positive and negative sense
  • Figure 3b shows the form of a four-quadrant module as one able to present the capacitor voltage in only a positive sense
  • Figure 4 shows an annotated topology of the voltage source converter shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows a MATLAB/Simulink implementation of the voltage source converter for measuring converter errors and directly regulating the module capacitor voltage
  • Figure 6 shows a latched, scaled signal derived from the differential error term measured by the servo-control in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 shows a MATLAB/Simulink implementation of the voltage source converter for regulating the division of AC current in the chain-link converter
  • Figures 8a and 8b show the results from an operation of the MATLAB/Simulink model of Figure 7 for a single limb.
  • Figures 9a and 9b shows the results of a simulation carried out using the servo-control in Figures 5 and 7.
  • a voltage source converter 20 for high voltage DC power transmission and reactive power compensation is shown in Figure 1.
  • the voltage source converter 20 comprises at least one chain-link converter 22 including first and second terminals 24,26 and first and second limbs 28,30 connected in series between the first and second terminals 24,26.
  • Each limb 28,30 includes a chain of modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 connected in series with at least one inductor 36.
  • the terminals of the or each chain- link converter 22 are connected to a DC network 38 and an AC phase connection 40 of the chain-link converter 22 is connected to an AC network 32 such that an AC current flowing from the AC network 32 into the AC phase connection 40 divides between the first and second limbs 28,30.
  • the number of chain- link converters 22 in the voltage source converter 20 is dependent on the number of phases in the power supplied by the AC network 32.
  • a three- phase AC network is connected to a voltage source converter which comprises three chain-link converters, each chain-link converter connected to an individual phase of the AC network.
  • the or each chain-link converter 22 is built up from a series of modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 that include charged capacitance that may be bypassed or connected in series in either forward or reverse direction to yield a continuously variable voltage source .
  • An example is given in Figure 2 of a 50 Hz power waveform being synthesised by staggering the switching of the individual module 34. Although many switching operations are taking place, they are contained within the individual modules 34 and the number of switching operations may be as low as the frequency of the power voltage.
  • each module Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 includes at least two pairs of semiconductor switches 50 connected in parallel with a capacitor 52, the semiconductor switches 50 being operable in use such that the chain of modules connected in series provides a continuously variable voltage source.
  • the circulating current path for the semiconductor switching is contained within the module 34 giving minimum self-inductance and making the switching operation efficient.
  • each module Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 may be connected with the respective capacitor 52 in a half-bridge arrangement to define a 2-quadrant unipolar module that can develop zero or positive voltage and can conduct current in both directions, as shown in Figure 3a.
  • the semiconductor switches 50 of each module Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 may be connected with the respective capacitor 52 in a full- bridge arrangement to define a 4-quadrant bipolar module that can develop positive or negative voltage and can conduct current in both directions, as shown in Figure 3b.
  • the capacitor 52 acts as a voltage source for each module Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34. This enables each module 34 to provide a voltage step when it is switched into the chain-link converter 22.
  • the voltage generated by the chain-link converter 22 is controlled to react against one or more inductors 37 located between the voltage source converter 20 and the AC network 32 in order to generate an AC current 29.
  • the relationship between the voltage across an inductor, V L and the current flowing through it, I L is governed by the following equation: -
  • L is the inductance value in henries and dI L /dt represents the change of inductor current with time.
  • the AC impedance is nominally equal in both the first and second limbs 28,30 so that the division of the AC current 29 between the first and second limbs 28,30 is approximately equal.
  • AC power created by the combination of AC current flow and AC voltage will cause the net charge of the modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 to rise or fall and therefore DC current 46 will flow through the chain-link converter associated with the DC network 38 at its terminals.
  • a capacitor balancing routine similar to the one disclosed in DE 10103031 Al, may be used to distribute the charge evenly among the modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 of each limb 28,30.
  • the charge on the modules M 1 , M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 is distributed by building up a table representing the individual charge magnitude in the modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34.
  • the frequency of module 34 switching is kept low by only updating the table when the charge magnitude moves outside a tolerance set about the average value. Therefore the tolerance value becomes a means of regulating the average frequency of module 34 switching .
  • the average module 34 voltage is used to provide information on the status of the first and second limbs 28,30 of the chain-link converter 22, and can therefore be used as a feedback term to apply corrective action to the voltage source converter 20.
  • a reference voltage Vc de m is derived from the division of the full DC-to-DC voltage range of the DC network 38 by the total number of modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 in the chain-link converter 22.
  • the use of the reference voltage ensures that when all the modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 are in circuit, the total voltage across the chain-link converter 22 will be equal to the voltage range from the positive DC link voltage, +V DC 54 to the negative DC link voltage, -V DC 56. Since the positive DC voltage 54 and negative DC voltage 56 have equal and opposite values, the control may use a single value to indicate both positive DC voltage 54 and negative DC voltage 56.
  • the reference voltage V C dem is given by:
  • Nm is the total number of working modules in both limbs 28,30. If a module 34 has failed and needs to be bypassed, the value of Nm reduces by one and thereby increasing the reference voltage, V Cde m-
  • the capacitor balancing routine that manages the sharing of charge among the modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 in each limb 28,30 returns a value of the total sum for the respective limbs 28,30 that must be divided by the number of modules 34 to derive the average limb module voltage as feedback.
  • V TE and second error terms, V BE are given by:
  • V Ca v ⁇ and V Ca vB are the respective measured values of average module voltages for the first and second limbs 28,30. Equation 3 can be rearranged to provide a collective error, V 0 and a differential error, V D .
  • V D fK -vJ V c is an indication of the deviation of the first and second limb voltages from the reference voltage and the differential error
  • V D is an indication of the balance of voltages across the first and second limbs.
  • Equation 4 The function f (X) in Equation 4 is then used in a linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) process which, when used in a feedback control, outputs the collective and differential error terms to drive the value of "X" back to zero.
  • PID linear proportional-integral-derivative
  • Figure 5 shows a MATLAB/Simulink implementation of Equations 2 to 5 as a servo-control in the voltage source converter 20.
  • the reference voltage and measured average module voltages are scaled before being grouped into a vector being multiplied by the matrix in Equation 5, and then having respective servo compensation functions applied to ensure that the terms VC and VD settle asymptotically to zero.
  • V 0 If the collective error term, V 0 is found to be non-zero, there is a mismatch of power between the AC and DC networks 32,38 and therefore an appropriate DC trim is applied to the DC current 46 flowing into the DC network 38. If the differential error term, V D is found to be non-zero, there is a mismatch between the voltages across the first and second limbs 28,30.
  • the processing of the average module voltages into collective and differential error terms separates the capacitor variation into a fundamental power frequency term about the differential error term and a double power frequency term about the collective error term.
  • the presence of the double frequency on the collective term will inter-modulate with the double frequency already present to give a small additional DC and a quadruple distortion to the current in the DC power terminals. This is not considered a particular problem; however for the differential controls there is also the possibility of generating sum and difference power frequency currents onto the AC phase, which is undesirable .
  • the servo-control may include a latch to be used as a filter to prevent this from happening.
  • the latch is triggered as the power frequency instantaneous phase crosses zero, the measure of instantaneous phase being taken in use from a phased locked loop on the main converter control. Sampling the differential error term at the fundamental frequency prevents inter- modulation from resulting between the AC phase current and a harmonic of the fundamental frequency which might give rise to harmonic distortion of the AC phase current .
  • the output from the latch needs to be scaled to give a control value, k which must lie between -1 and + 1.
  • the control value, k is then scaled by the measured AC current magnitude and the sign of the power flow direction as shown in Figure 6 which is passed to the servo-control in Figure 7.
  • Equation 6 For a system controlled on a sampled basis where there is negligible variation in the DC voltages between samples, the change in current over a single sample period is represented by Equation 6.
  • ⁇ I L represents the change in current during that period.
  • the voltage source converter 20 includes a control element divided into "phase” controls that directly control the modules Mi, M 2 , M3...M n 34 of the first and second limb 28,30 and an overall control that generates instantaneous references signals for the DC, IDC and AC currents, I A c 46,29 required to be generated by each phase such that the electrical power of the AC and DC networks 32,38 are equally matched.
  • phase controls that directly control the modules Mi, M 2 , M3...M n 34 of the first and second limb 28,30 and an overall control that generates instantaneous references signals for the DC, IDC and AC currents, I A c 46,29 required to be generated by each phase such that the electrical power of the AC and DC networks 32,38 are equally matched.
  • Equation 7 Equation 7 in matrix form gives:
  • Equation 6 may be used for nodal analysis of the schematic shown in Figure 4 to obtain an electrical expression for the inductor network 36:
  • L ⁇ and L B are the inductors in the first and second limbs respectively
  • V p is the AC voltage of the AC network 32
  • V ⁇ and V B are the voltages across the respective inductors in the first and second limbs
  • V N is the voltage at the AC phase connection 40.
  • Equation 9 may be rearranged as follows:
  • V N (V T +V B )+ -V n (io:
  • M 1 (V N - V 1 ) - - +L P )-V T +L P -V B -L C -V P ]
  • ⁇ B ⁇ L [L P -V T - ⁇ L C +L P )-V T -L C -V P ]
  • Instantaneous references signals for the DC and AC currents 46.29 which are computed so as to match the electrical power in the AC and DC networks 32,38, are used to generate reference values of the first and second limb currents 27,31 using Equation 7.
  • the error values ⁇ I T and ⁇ I B may be obtained by subtracting measured limb currents from the reference values of the first and second limb currents 27,31.
  • Equation 13 the required voltages V ⁇ and V B are respectively applied across the inductors 36 in first and second limbs 28,30 by comparing the required voltages V ⁇ and V B against the DC voltage to determine the required voltage across the chain of modules Mi,M 2 ,M 3 ...M n 34 in each limb.
  • the required voltage across the chain of modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 in each limb 28,30 is then divided by the average module voltage to determine the number of modules Mi, M 2 , M 3 ...M n 34 to be switched into the circuit.
  • the division of AC current between the first and second limbs 28,30 of the chain- link converter 22 is regulated such that the AC network 32 and DC network 38 are equally matched in electrical power and the voltages across the first and second limbs 28,30 are balanced.
  • Figure 7 shows the MATLAB/Simulink implementation of Equations 7 to 13 in order to regulate the division of AC current between the first and second limbs 28,30.
  • FIG. 8a The ability of the control to directly regulate the first and second limb currents is shown in Figure 8a in which 16 modules with an average DC voltage of 1.5 kV are operated into an HkV AC network.
  • the sample frequency of the control is 2 kHz.
  • Figure 8b shows the comparison between the AC and DC reference signals and the measured values of the AC and DC currents .
  • the voltage source converter 20 can be controlled such that the first and second limb currents 64,66 are directly regulated to follow the reference first and second limb currents 60,62; and that the measured AC and DC limb currents 70,74 follow the reference AC and DC currents 72,76 with reasonable accuracy.
  • the voltage source converter 20 may include a combination of the servo- controls shown in Figures 5 and 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de source de tension (20) pour transmission de puissance en courant continu (CC) haute tension et compensation de puissance réactive, le convertisseur de source de tension (20) comprenant au moins un convertisseur maillon de chaîne (22) comprenant une première et une seconde borne (24, 26) et un premier et un second limbe (28, 30) connectés en série entre les première et seconde bornes (24, 26). Chaque limbe comprend une chaîne de modules (34) connectés en série avec au moins un inducteur (36). Les bornes (24, 26) du convertisseur maillon de chaîne (22), ou de chacun des convertisseurs maillon de chaîne, sont, en utilisation, connectées à un réseau CC (38), et un connecteur de phase CA (40) du convertisseur maillon de chaîne (22) est, en utilisation, connecté à un réseau CA (32) de telle sorte qu'un courant CA (29) circulant depuis le réseau CA (32) dans le connecteur de phase en CA (40) se divise entre les premier et second limbes (28, 30). Le convertisseur maillon de chaîne (22) peut être commandé pour contrôler la commutation de chaque module (34) dans chacun des premier et second limbes (28, 30) de façon à réguler la division d'un courant CA (29) entre les premier et second limbes (28, 30).
EP09779835A 2009-06-18 2009-06-18 Convertisseur Withdrawn EP2443735A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/057620 WO2010145705A1 (fr) 2009-06-18 2009-06-18 Convertisseur

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EP2443735A1 true EP2443735A1 (fr) 2012-04-25

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CN102201737B (zh) * 2011-03-18 2015-02-18 中国电力科学研究院 一种高位取能电压变换电路
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