EP2443333B1 - Determination of the lift delay of a magnetic valve - Google Patents

Determination of the lift delay of a magnetic valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2443333B1
EP2443333B1 EP10720182.4A EP10720182A EP2443333B1 EP 2443333 B1 EP2443333 B1 EP 2443333B1 EP 10720182 A EP10720182 A EP 10720182A EP 2443333 B1 EP2443333 B1 EP 2443333B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic valve
actuation
measurement phase
opening
opening time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10720182.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2443333A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Joos
Ruben Schlueter
Jens Neuberg
Helerson Kemmer
Hans-Peter Lehr
Holger Rapp
Haris Hamedovic
Joerg Koenig
Anh-Tuan Hoang
Bernd Wichert
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2443333A1 publication Critical patent/EP2443333A1/en
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Publication of EP2443333B1 publication Critical patent/EP2443333B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2055—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2058—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the opening delay time of a solenoid valve.
  • the invention further relates to a control device for controlling at least one solenoid valve in an injection system in an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program executable on a computing device, in particular on a control device for controlling a solenoid valve.
  • Solenoid valves are electrically operated switching valves that are used in many areas for the metering of gases or liquids.
  • fuel injectors controlled by solenoid valves are used in internal combustion engines, which allow metering of the fuel required for combustion in the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel In the gasoline direct injection and the common rail injection, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the metered amount of fuel is of crucial importance.
  • the metered amount of fuel in turn depends on the opening duration of the solenoid valve.
  • the opening duration is set via the activation duration of the solenoid valve coil provided in the solenoid valve, which is also referred to as the energization duration.
  • the solenoid valve In common-rail injectors for diesel injection, the solenoid valve is designed as a servo-valve and controls a downstream high-pressure hydraulics, which in turn the opening and Closing movement of the nozzle needle controls.
  • the valve needle of the injection nozzle In gasoline direct injection, the valve needle of the injection nozzle is controlled directly by the solenoid valve.
  • the opening duration corresponds to the activation duration of the solenoid valve minus the so-called lift-off delay plus the so-called closing duration.
  • the lift-off delay describes the delay time from the start of control of the solenoid valve until the time of opening; the closing time describes the delay time from the control end to the time of closing the solenoid valve.
  • suitable control methods can be used in order to optimally set the activation duration of the solenoid valve.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining an opening delay time or a lift-off delay of a solenoid valve, wherein the opening delay time is as current as possible so that specimen scattering on the one hand and, for example, aging phenomena on the other hand can be taken into account and optimized fuel metering is made possible.
  • a control of the magnetic coil is performed in a measuring phase and it is determined a difference from the beginning of the control and from the opening time of the solenoid valve.
  • a control of the solenoid valve is performed for the determination of the opening time in the measuring phase.
  • the drive current is observed. If a change in the drive current is detected, it is concluded that the opening time has been reached.
  • an at least approximately constant driving voltage is applied to the magnetic coil in the measuring phase. This ensures reliable detection of a change in the drive current, since the change does not come from a changed one Activation results, but from the behavior of the magnetic coil itself.
  • the predetermined change is in particular a flattening of the drive current, which is preferably determined by determining a minimum of the differentiated current signal.
  • the advantage of the invention is a further reduction of the specimen spread of the injection quantity, since the method according to the invention can be applied individually for each solenoid valve. This is achieved by incorporating the tolerance-related opening delay time in the control method. The quantity control in the metering of the amount of fuel is then carried out by regulating the opening duration.
  • the drive voltage of the solenoid valve can be freely selected and is not subject to the restrictions during normal operation of the internal combustion engine. The measuring phase can be initiated automatically at certain times or at certain operating points.
  • the opening delay time is determined from the difference between the opening time of the solenoid valve and the start of control, wherein the start of control is known and the opening delay time according to the invention is determined from the current profile of the drive current of the solenoid valve.
  • a largely constant voltage is applied to the magnetic coil from the start of control and the drive current of the solenoid valve is detected and monitored, for example via a so-called measuring shunt.
  • a measuring shunt is a low-resistance electrical resistance, also known as a shunt resistor. It has been observed that from the moment the solenoid valve is opened, the current flow of the drive current flattens out. This flattening of the current signal is used according to the invention for detecting the opening time.
  • a detection of the flattening of the current signal can be determined, for example, by determining the minimum of the differentiated current signal.
  • the differentiation and determination of the minimum can be done either partially or entirely by analog preprocessing or by digital signal processing by means of a microcontroller.
  • the opening time of the solenoid valve is dependent on the electrical voltage of the drive current, by means of which the solenoid valve is controlled.
  • the opening time is determined in one or more operating points, each with a defined drive voltage. From each opening time determined in this way, the opening behavior or the opening time can be extrapolated for further control voltages.
  • the measuring phase can also be carried out during normal activation of the solenoid valve.
  • an at least approximately constant drive voltage is selected to ensure reliable detection of the opening time.
  • the invention in the form of a computer program which is executable on a computing device, in particular on a control unit for controlling and / or regulating a fuel injection in an internal combustion engine, wherein the computer program is programmed for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the computer program is preferably stored on an electronic or optical storage medium.
  • an internal combustion engine 10 which comprises a fuel tank 12, from which by means of a conveyor system 14 fuel is conveyed in a high-pressure fuel line 16.
  • the high pressure line 16 is formed for example as a common rail.
  • the high-pressure line 16 is connected to solenoid valves 18, which make it possible to inject fuel directly into the respective magnetic valves 18 associated combustion chambers 20.
  • the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 and in particular the fuel injection system, which is formed for example by the conveyor system 14, the high pressure line 16 and the solenoid valves 18 is controlled by a control and regulating device, such as a control unit 22.
  • the control unit 22 enables the acquisition of input values and the provision of output values or the actuation of actuators, in particular the activation of the solenoid valves 18.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic in FIG. 1 shown solenoid valve 18 is shown enlarged.
  • the solenoid valve 18 has an electromagnetic actuator which has a magnetic coil 26 and a magnetic armature 30 cooperating with the magnetic coil 26.
  • the armature 30 is connected to a valve needle 28, that it is based on a in FIG. 2 vertical direction of movement of Valve needle 28 is movable.
  • a valve spring 36 exerts a spring force on the valve needle 28, so that it is held in a valve seat 38.
  • a control of the solenoid valve 18 by the controller 22 causes energization of the solenoid 26, causing the armature 30 moves upward so that it moves out of its valve seat 38 against the spring force, engaging in a stop the valve needle.
  • This situation is in FIG. 2b shown.
  • fuel 42 can now be injected from the solenoid valve 18 into the combustion chamber 20.
  • FIG. 3 the characteristics of a drive current 60, a drive current 61 and a valve lift 62 of the solenoid valve 18 are shown.
  • the activation of the solenoid valve 18 begins at a time T0.
  • T1 the opening of the solenoid valve 18.
  • the time period between T0 and T1 is referred to as Abhebeverzögerung or ⁇ réellesverzugszeit t 01 .
  • T2 the solenoid valve 18 is opened.
  • the time span t 12 denotes the opening duration of the solenoid valve 18.
  • the control of the solenoid valve 18 ends and at a time T5, the closing operation of the solenoid valve 18 takes place with a time delay t 45th
  • the time delay t 45 corresponds to the difference between the time T5 and the time T4.
  • the solenoid valve 18 is closed.
  • FIG. 3 illustrated situation shows a normal operation of the solenoid valve 18, for example, during operation of an internal combustion engine 10, to meter the fuel 42 required during combustion.
  • a particularly high voltage is initially applied to the solenoid valve 18 in a so-called boost phase t 02 in order to achieve a current increase as quickly as possible.
  • the so-called battery phase t 23 the voltage of the drive current is reduced; This completes the current increase phase.
  • the solenoid valve 18 is driven by individual voltage pulses, which cause a get the drive current.
  • the opening time t 16 from the drive duration t can be determined 04, wherein t of the control period 04, the opening delay time t is subtracted 01 and the closing delay time t is added 46th
  • FIG. 4 shows by way of example two current curves 60a, 60b, discharges 70a, 70b of the current profiles 60a, 60b and Nadelhubverrise 80a, 80b during a measurement phase according to the invention.
  • the respectively significant local minima correspond to the times T1a and T1b at which an opening of the solenoid valve 18 takes place.
  • a constant drive voltage of the valve is selected. This must also be ensured when the measurement phase takes place during operation of the internal combustion engine, since otherwise a reliable detection of the opening time from the current flow is not possible.
  • the opening time T1 is actually reached.
  • the boost phase with normal control of the solenoid valves 18 can not be extended arbitrarily until the opening time T1 of the solenoid valve 18 is reached safely, since the solenoid valve 18 would hit by the necessary high energy coupling at too high speed to the upper valve stop.
  • a measurement of the opening timing T1 is performed only in selected operating areas. Alternatively or additionally, the measurements can be carried out in a separate measurement phase.
  • suitable drive voltages can then be selected which are advantageously below the valve drive voltages which are used during the normal activation, that is to say, for example, during normal injections. Due to the lower drive voltage during the measurement phase, the measured opening delay time t 01 is extended . This is why in the subsequent an operating drive voltage resulting opening delay time converted. Since the actual opening delay time is considerably smaller than the measured opening delay time, measurement inaccuracies only have a greatly attenuated effect on the actual activation.
  • a real-time signal evaluation of the current profile is performed during the separate measurement phase. As soon as the opening time T1 is detected, the measuring phase is aborted immediately. As a result, the injection of an undesirable amount of fuel can be avoided, or at least reduced. If a low drive voltage is selected, the opening accuracy of the valve needle 28 is reduced, as a result of which the possibly unintentionally injected fuel quantity 42 is reduced to a level which is not relevant for the internal combustion engine 10.
  • FIG. 5 is a highly schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention shown.
  • the method begins in a step 100 in which the measurement phase is started.
  • a control of the solenoid valve 18 takes place here by means of the drive current 60.
  • the drive current 60 is detected and monitored.
  • the derivative 70a, 70b of the detected drive current 60 is formed.
  • a step 102 it is checked whether there is a change of the driving current 60 indicating the reaching of the opening timing T1. For this purpose, for example, the course of the derivative 70a, 70b of the drive current 60 is then examined as to whether a local minimum exists. If this is not the case, then step 101 continues to monitor.
  • the determined opening time is stored in a suitable characteristic field in a step 103, optionally after compensation of effects resulting from a slightly selected drive voltage in the measurement phase.
  • opening times are extrapolated from the determined opening times for further operating points and also stored in the map.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Öffnungsverzugszeit eines Magnetventils. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Steuergerät zum Ansteuern mindestens eines Magnetventils in eine Einspritzanlage in einer Brennkraftmaschine.The invention relates to a method for determining the opening delay time of a solenoid valve. The invention further relates to a control device for controlling at least one solenoid valve in an injection system in an internal combustion engine.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Computerprogramm, das auf einem Rechengerät, insbesondere auf einem Steuergerät zur Ansteuerung eines Magnetventils, ablauffähig ist.The invention also relates to a computer program executable on a computing device, in particular on a control device for controlling a solenoid valve.

Magnetventile sind elektrisch betätigte Schaltventile, die in vielerlei Bereichen zur Zumessung von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise werden in Brennkraftmaschinen durch Magnetventile gesteuerte Kraftstoffinjektoren eingesetzt, die die Zumessung des für eine Verbrennung in der Brennkraftmaschine benötigten Kraftstoffs ermöglichen. Bei der Benzin-Direkteinspritzung und der Common-Rail-Einspritzung wird der Kraftstoff direkt in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt. Für die Verbrennungsqualität und damit den Verbrauch sowie das Abgasverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine ist die zugemessene Kraftstoffmenge von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die zugemessene Kraftstoffmenge wiederum ist von der Öffnungsdauer des Magnetventils abhängig. Die Öffnungsdauer wird über die auch als Bestromungsdauer bezeichnete Ansteuerdauer der in dem Magnetventil vorgesehenen Magnetventilspule eingestellt. Bei Common-Rail-Injektoren für die Diesel-Einspritzung ist das Magnetventil als Servo-Ventil ausgeführt und steuert eine nachgeschaltete Hochdruck-Hydraulik an, welche wiederum die Öffnungsund Schließbewegung der Düsennadel steuert. Bei der Benzin-Direkteinspritzung wird die Ventilnadel der Einspritzdüse direkt durch das Magnetventil angesteuert.Solenoid valves are electrically operated switching valves that are used in many areas for the metering of gases or liquids. For example, fuel injectors controlled by solenoid valves are used in internal combustion engines, which allow metering of the fuel required for combustion in the internal combustion engine. In the gasoline direct injection and the common rail injection, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. For the quality of combustion and thus the consumption and the exhaust gas behavior of the internal combustion engine, the metered amount of fuel is of crucial importance. The metered amount of fuel in turn depends on the opening duration of the solenoid valve. The opening duration is set via the activation duration of the solenoid valve coil provided in the solenoid valve, which is also referred to as the energization duration. In common-rail injectors for diesel injection, the solenoid valve is designed as a servo-valve and controls a downstream high-pressure hydraulics, which in turn the opening and Closing movement of the nozzle needle controls. In gasoline direct injection, the valve needle of the injection nozzle is controlled directly by the solenoid valve.

Die Öffnungsdauer entspricht der Ansteuerdauer des Magnetventils abzüglich der sogenannten Abhebeverzögerung und zuzüglich der sogenannten Schließdauer. Die Abhebeverzögerung beschreibt die Verzugszeit vom Ansteuerbeginn des Magnetventils bis zum Zeitpunkt des Öffnens; die Schließdauer beschreibt die Verzugszeit vom Ansteuerende bis zum Zeitpunkt des Schließens des Magnetventils.The opening duration corresponds to the activation duration of the solenoid valve minus the so-called lift-off delay plus the so-called closing duration. The lift-off delay describes the delay time from the start of control of the solenoid valve until the time of opening; the closing time describes the delay time from the control end to the time of closing the solenoid valve.

Ist die Öffnungsdauer bekannt, so können geeignete Regelungsverfahren zum Einsatz kommen, um die Ansteuerdauer des Magnetventils optimal einzustellen.If the opening duration is known, suitable control methods can be used in order to optimally set the activation duration of the solenoid valve.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Öffnungsverzugszeit bzw. einer Abhebeverzögerung eines Magnetventils zu schaffen, wobei die Öffnungsverzugszeit möglichst aktuell ist, so dass Exemplarstreuungen einerseits und beispielsweise Alterungserscheinungen andererseits berücksichtigt werden können und eine optimierte Kraftstoffzumessung ermöglicht wird.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining an opening delay time or a lift-off delay of a solenoid valve, wherein the opening delay time is as current as possible so that specimen scattering on the one hand and, for example, aging phenomena on the other hand can be taken into account and optimized fuel metering is made possible.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1, 9 und 11 gelöst. Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen.The object is solved by the features of independent claims 1, 9 and 11. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the features mentioned in the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird in einer Messphase eine Ansteuerung der Magnetspule durchgeführt und es wird eine Differenz aus dem Beginn der Ansteuerung und aus dem Öffnungszeitpunkt des Magnetventils ermittelt. Für die Bestimmung des Öffnungszeitpunkts in der Messphase wird eine Ansteuerung des Magnetventils durchgeführt. Während der Ansteuerung wird der Ansteuerstrom beobachtet. Wird eine Veränderung in dem Ansteuerstrom erkannt, so wird auf das Erreichen des Öffnungszeitpunktes geschlossen. Vorzugsweise wird in der Messphase eine zumindest annähernd konstante Ansteuerspannung an die Magnetspule angelegt. Dadurch ist ein sicheres Erkennen einer Veränderung in dem Ansteuerstrom gewährleistet, da die Veränderung nicht aus einer geänderten Ansteuerung resultiert, sondern aus dem Verhalten der Magnetspule selbst. Die vorgebbare Veränderung ist insbesondere eine Abflachung des Ansteuerstroms, die vorzugsweise durch Ermittlung eines Minimums des differenzierten Stromsignals ermittelt wird.According to the invention, a control of the magnetic coil is performed in a measuring phase and it is determined a difference from the beginning of the control and from the opening time of the solenoid valve. For the determination of the opening time in the measuring phase, a control of the solenoid valve is performed. During drive, the drive current is observed. If a change in the drive current is detected, it is concluded that the opening time has been reached. Preferably, an at least approximately constant driving voltage is applied to the magnetic coil in the measuring phase. This ensures reliable detection of a change in the drive current, since the change does not come from a changed one Activation results, but from the behavior of the magnetic coil itself. The predetermined change is in particular a flattening of the drive current, which is preferably determined by determining a minimum of the differentiated current signal.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht in einer weiteren Reduzierung der Exemplarstreuung der Einspritzmenge, da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren individuell für jedes Magnetventil anwendbar ist. Erreicht wird dies durch Einbeziehen der toleranzbehafteten Öffnungsverzugszeit im Regelungsverfahren. Die Mengensteuerung bei der Zumessung der Kraftstoffmenge erfolgt dann durch Regelung der Öffnungsdauer. Durch Messung der Öffnungsverzugszeit in einer separaten Messphase kann die Ansteuerspannung des Magnetventils frei gewählt werden und ist nicht den Einschränkungen während eines normalen Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine unterworfen. Die Messphase kann zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten oder bei bestimmten Betriebspunkten automatisch eingeleitet werden.The advantage of the invention is a further reduction of the specimen spread of the injection quantity, since the method according to the invention can be applied individually for each solenoid valve. This is achieved by incorporating the tolerance-related opening delay time in the control method. The quantity control in the metering of the amount of fuel is then carried out by regulating the opening duration. By measuring the opening delay time in a separate measurement phase, the drive voltage of the solenoid valve can be freely selected and is not subject to the restrictions during normal operation of the internal combustion engine. The measuring phase can be initiated automatically at certain times or at certain operating points.

Die Öffnungsverzugszeit wird aus der Differenz des Öffnungszeitpunkts des Magnetventils und dem Ansteuerbeginn ermittelt, wobei der Ansteuerbeginn bekannt ist und die Öffnungsverzugszeit erfindungsgemäß aus dem Stromverlauf des Ansteuerstroms des Magnetventils ermittelt wird. Hierzu wird ab dem Ansteuerbeginn eine weitestgehend konstante Spannung an die Magnetspule angelegt und der Ansteuerstrom des Magnetventils wird beispielsweise über einen sogenannten Mess-Shunt erfasst und beobachtet. Ein Mess-Shunt ist ein niederohmiger, elektrischer Widerstand, der auch als Nebenschlusswiderstand bezeichnet wird. Es wurde beobachtet, dass ab dem Zeitpunkt des Öffnens des Magnetventils der Stromverlauf des Ansteuerstroms abflacht. Diese Abflachung des Stromsignals wird erfindungsgemäß zum Erkennen des Öffnungszeitpunkts herangezogen.The opening delay time is determined from the difference between the opening time of the solenoid valve and the start of control, wherein the start of control is known and the opening delay time according to the invention is determined from the current profile of the drive current of the solenoid valve. For this purpose, a largely constant voltage is applied to the magnetic coil from the start of control and the drive current of the solenoid valve is detected and monitored, for example via a so-called measuring shunt. A measuring shunt is a low-resistance electrical resistance, also known as a shunt resistor. It has been observed that from the moment the solenoid valve is opened, the current flow of the drive current flattens out. This flattening of the current signal is used according to the invention for detecting the opening time.

Eine Erkennung der Abflachung des Stromsignals kann beispielsweise durch Ermittlung des Minimums des differenzierten Stromsignals ermittelt werden. Die Differenzierung und Ermittlung des Minimums kann dabei entweder teilweise oder ganz durch analoge Vorverarbeitung oder durch digitale Signalverarbeitung mittels eines Mikrocontrollers erfolgen.A detection of the flattening of the current signal can be determined, for example, by determining the minimum of the differentiated current signal. The differentiation and determination of the minimum can be done either partially or entirely by analog preprocessing or by digital signal processing by means of a microcontroller.

Der Öffnungszeitpunkt des Magnetventils ist abhängig von der elektrischen Spannung des Ansteuerstroms, mittels dessen das Magnetventil angesteuert wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird deshalb der Öffnungszeitpunkt in einem oder mehreren Arbeitspunkten mit jeweils definierter Ansteuerspannung bestimmt. Aus jedem so ermittelten Öffnungszeitpunkt kann für weitere Ansteuerspannungen das Öffnungsverhalten beziehungsweise der Öffnungszeitpunkt extrapoliert werden.The opening time of the solenoid valve is dependent on the electrical voltage of the drive current, by means of which the solenoid valve is controlled. Advantageously, therefore, the opening time is determined in one or more operating points, each with a defined drive voltage. From each opening time determined in this way, the opening behavior or the opening time can be extrapolated for further control voltages.

Grundsätzlich kann die Messphase auch während einer normalen Ansteuerung des Magnetventils durchgeführt werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird hierbei jedoch eine zumindest annähernd konstante Ansteuerspannung gewählt, um ein sicheres Erkennen des Öffnungszeitpunktes zu gewährleisten.In principle, the measuring phase can also be carried out during normal activation of the solenoid valve. Advantageously, however, an at least approximately constant drive voltage is selected to ensure reliable detection of the opening time.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Realisierung der Erfindung in Form eines Computerprogramms, das auf einem Rechengerät, insbesondere auf einem Steuergerät zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung in einer Brennkraftmaschine, ablauffähig ist, wobei das Computerprogramm zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens programmiert ist. Das Computerprogramm ist vorzugsweise auf einem elektronischen oder optischen Speichermedium abgespeichert.Of particular importance is the realization of the invention in the form of a computer program which is executable on a computing device, in particular on a control unit for controlling and / or regulating a fuel injection in an internal combustion engine, wherein the computer program is programmed for carrying out the method according to the invention. The computer program is preferably stored on an electronic or optical storage medium.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und die in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, various embodiments of the invention are shown. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine stark schematisierte Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage und einer Mehrzahl von Magnetventilen,
Figur 2a
eine schematische Detailansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eines Magnetventils in einem geschlossenen Betriebszustand,
Figur 2b
eine schematische Detailansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eines Magnetventils in einem geöffneten Betriebszustand,
Figur 3
eine schematisierte Darstellung des Strom-, Spannungs- und Ventilhubverlaufs eines Magnetventils,
Figur 4
eines schematische Darstellung eines exemplarischen Stromverlaufs, einer Ableitung des Stromverlaufs und des Nadelhubs für zwei unterschiedliche elektrische Spannungen des Ansteuerstromes,
Figur 5
ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Show it:
FIG. 1
a highly schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a fuel injection system and a plurality of solenoid valves,
FIG. 2a
1 is a schematic detail view of an exemplary embodiment of a solenoid valve in a closed operating state;
FIG. 2b
1 is a schematic detail view of an exemplary embodiment of a solenoid valve in an open operating state;
FIG. 3
a schematic representation of the current, voltage and Ventilhubverlaufs a solenoid valve,
FIG. 4
a schematic representation of an exemplary current waveform, a derivative of the current waveform and the Nadelhubs for two different electrical voltages of the drive current,
FIG. 5
a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine 10 dargestellt, die einen Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 12 umfasst, aus dem mittels eines Fördersystems 14 Kraftstoff in eine Kraftstoffhochdruckleitung 16 gefördert wird. Die Hochdruckleitung 16 ist beispielsweise als Common-Rail ausgebildet. Die Hochdruckleitung 16 ist mit Magnetventilen 18 verbunden, die es ermöglichen, Kraftstoff direkt in den Magnetventilen 18 jeweils zugeordnete Brennräume 20 einzuspritzen. Der Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 10 und insbesondere der Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage, die beispielsweise durch das Fördersystem 14, die Hochdruckleitung 16 und die Magnetventile 18 gebildet ist, wird von einer Steuerund Regeleinrichtung, beispielsweise einem Steuergerät 22, gesteuert beziehungsweise geregelt. Das Steuergerät 22 ermöglicht die Erfassung von Eingabewerten und die Bereitstellung von Ausgabewerten beziehungsweise die Ansteuerung von Aktoren, insbesondere die Ansteuerung der Magnetventile 18.In FIG. 1 an internal combustion engine 10 is shown, which comprises a fuel tank 12, from which by means of a conveyor system 14 fuel is conveyed in a high-pressure fuel line 16. The high pressure line 16 is formed for example as a common rail. The high-pressure line 16 is connected to solenoid valves 18, which make it possible to inject fuel directly into the respective magnetic valves 18 associated combustion chambers 20. The operation of the internal combustion engine 10 and in particular the fuel injection system, which is formed for example by the conveyor system 14, the high pressure line 16 and the solenoid valves 18 is controlled by a control and regulating device, such as a control unit 22. The control unit 22 enables the acquisition of input values and the provision of output values or the actuation of actuators, in particular the activation of the solenoid valves 18.

In Figur 2 ist schematisch ein in Figur 1 gezeigtes Magnetventil 18 vergrößert dargestellt. Das Magnetventil 18 weist einen elektromagnetischen Aktor auf, der eine Magnetspule 26 und einen mit der Magnetspule 26 zusammenwirkenden Magnetanker 30 besitzt. Der Magnetanker 30 ist so mit einer Ventilnadel 28 verbunden, dass er bezogen auf eine in Figur 2 vertikale Bewegungsrichtung der Ventilnadel 28 bewegbar ist. Eine Ventilfeder 36 übt eine Federkraft auf die Ventilnadel 28 aus, so dass diese in einem Ventilsitz 38 gehalten wird.In FIG. 2 is a schematic in FIG. 1 shown solenoid valve 18 is shown enlarged. The solenoid valve 18 has an electromagnetic actuator which has a magnetic coil 26 and a magnetic armature 30 cooperating with the magnetic coil 26. The armature 30 is connected to a valve needle 28, that it is based on a in FIG. 2 vertical direction of movement of Valve needle 28 is movable. A valve spring 36 exerts a spring force on the valve needle 28, so that it is held in a valve seat 38.

Eine Ansteuerung des Magnetventils 18 durch das Steuergerät 22 bewirkt eine Bestromung der Magnetspule 26, wodurch sich der Magnetanker 30 nach oben bewegt, so dass er unter Eingreifen in einen Anschlag die Ventilnadel 28 gegen die Federkraft aus ihrem Ventilsitz 38 herausbewegt. Diese Situation ist in Figur 2b gezeigt. Dort kann nun Kraftstoff 42 von dem Magnetventil 18 in den Brennraum 20 eingespritzt werden.A control of the solenoid valve 18 by the controller 22 causes energization of the solenoid 26, causing the armature 30 moves upward so that it moves out of its valve seat 38 against the spring force, engaging in a stop the valve needle. This situation is in FIG. 2b shown. There, fuel 42 can now be injected from the solenoid valve 18 into the combustion chamber 20.

In Figur 3 sind die Verläufe eines Ansteuerstroms 60, eines Ansteuerstroms 61 und eines Ventilhubs 62 des Magnetventils 18 dargestellt.In FIG. 3 the characteristics of a drive current 60, a drive current 61 and a valve lift 62 of the solenoid valve 18 are shown.

Die Ansteuerung des Magnetventils 18 beginnt in einem Zeitpunkt T0. In einem Zeitpunkt T1 erfolgt das Öffnen des Magnetventils 18. Die Zeitspanne zwischen T0 und T1 wird als Abhebeverzögerung beziehungsweise Öffnungsverzugszeit t01 bezeichnet. Zu einem Zeitpunkt T2 ist das Magnetventil 18 geöffnet. Die Zeitspanne t12 bezeichnet die Öffnungsdauer des Magnetventils 18.The activation of the solenoid valve 18 begins at a time T0. In a time T1, the opening of the solenoid valve 18. The time period between T0 and T1 is referred to as Abhebeverzögerung or Öffnungsverzugszeit t 01 . At a time T2, the solenoid valve 18 is opened. The time span t 12 denotes the opening duration of the solenoid valve 18.

In einem Zeitpunkt T4 endet die Ansteuerung des Magnetventils 18 und in einem Zeitpunkt T5 erfolgt der Schließvorgang des Magnetventils 18 mit einer Zeitverzögerung t45. Die Zeitverzögerung t45 entspricht der Differenz aus dem Zeitpunkt T5 und dem Zeitpunkt T4. In einem Zeitpunkt T6 ist das Magnetventil 18 geschlossen.At a time T4, the control of the solenoid valve 18 ends and at a time T5, the closing operation of the solenoid valve 18 takes place with a time delay t 45th The time delay t 45 corresponds to the difference between the time T5 and the time T4. At a time T6, the solenoid valve 18 is closed.

Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Situation zeigt einen normalen Betrieb des Magnetventils 18, beispielsweise während des Betriebs einer Brennkraftmaschine 10, um den bei der Verbrennung benötigten Kraftstoff 42 zuzumessen. Hierzu wird an das Magnetventil 18 zunächst in einer sogenannten Boost-Phase t02 eine besonders hohe Spannung angelegt, um möglichst rasch einen Stromanstieg zu erreichen. In der sogenannten Batteriephase t23 wird die Spannung des Ansteuerstroms reduziert; damit ist die Stromanstiegsphase beendet. Zwischen den Zeitpunkten T3 und T4 wird das Magnetventil 18 durch einzelne Spannungsimpulse angesteuert, die ein Erhalten des Ansteuerstroms bewirken.In the FIG. 3 illustrated situation shows a normal operation of the solenoid valve 18, for example, during operation of an internal combustion engine 10, to meter the fuel 42 required during combustion. For this purpose, a particularly high voltage is initially applied to the solenoid valve 18 in a so-called boost phase t 02 in order to achieve a current increase as quickly as possible. In the so-called battery phase t 23 , the voltage of the drive current is reduced; This completes the current increase phase. Between the times T3 and T4, the solenoid valve 18 is driven by individual voltage pulses, which cause a get the drive current.

Die sogenannte Öffnungsdauer t16 lässt sich damit folgendermaßen bestimmen: t 16 = t 04 - t 01 + t 46 .

Figure imgb0001
The so-called opening time t 16 can thus be determined as follows: t 16 = t 04 - t 01 + t 46 ,
Figure imgb0001

Dies bedeutet, dass die Öffnungsdauer t16 sich aus der Ansteuerdauer t04 bestimmen lässt, wobei von der Ansteuerdauer t04 die Öffnungsverzugszeit t01 subtrahiert wird und die Schließverzugszeit t46 addiert wird.This means that the opening time t 16 from the drive duration t can be determined 04, wherein t of the control period 04, the opening delay time t is subtracted 01 and the closing delay time t is added 46th

Figur 4 zeigt exemplarisch zwei Stromverläufe 60a, 60b, Ableitungen 70a, 70b der Stromverläufe 60a, 60b und Nadelhubverläufe 80a, 80b während einer erfindungsgemäßen Messphase. Bei den Kurven 70a und 70b ist zu erkennen, dass die jeweils signifikanten lokalen Minima den Zeitpunkten T1a und T1b entsprechen, an denen eine Öffnung des Magnetventils 18 erfolgt. FIG. 4 shows by way of example two current curves 60a, 60b, discharges 70a, 70b of the current profiles 60a, 60b and Nadelhubverläufe 80a, 80b during a measurement phase according to the invention. In the curves 70a and 70b it can be seen that the respectively significant local minima correspond to the times T1a and T1b at which an opening of the solenoid valve 18 takes place.

In der Messphase ist eine konstante Ansteuerspannung des Ventils gewählt. Dies muss auch dann sichergestellt sein, wenn die Messphase während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt, da sonst ein sicheres Erkennen des Öffnungszeitpunkts aus dem Stromverlauf nicht möglich ist.In the measuring phase, a constant drive voltage of the valve is selected. This must also be ensured when the measurement phase takes place during operation of the internal combustion engine, since otherwise a reliable detection of the opening time from the current flow is not possible.

Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ist nicht in allen Betriebsbereichen sichergestellt, dass während einer normalen Ansteuerung der Magnetventile 18 beim Ende der Stromanstiegsphase, also der Boost-Phase t02 der Öffnungszeitpunkt T1 tatsächlich erreicht ist. Die Boost-Phase bei normaler Ansteuerung der Magnetventile 18 kann nicht beliebig verlängert werden bis der Öffnungszeitpunkt T1 des Magnetventils 18 sicher erreicht ist, da das Magnetventil 18 durch die hierfür notwendige hohe Energieeinkopplung mit zu hoher Geschwindigkeit an dem oberen Ventilanschlag aufschlagen würde. Vorzugsweise wird deshalb eine Messung des Öffnungszeitpunkts T1 nur in ausgewählten Betriebsbereichen durchgeführt. Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu können die Messungen in einer separaten Messphase durchgeführt werden. Während einer solchen Messphase können dann geeignete Ansteuerspannungen gewählt werden, die vorteilhafterweise unter den Ventilansteuerspannungen liegen, die während des normalen Ansteuerns, also beispielsweise während normaler Einspritzungen verwendet werden. Durch die geringere Ansteuerspannung während der Messphase verlängert sich die gemessene Öffnungsverzugszeit t01. Diese wird anschließend deshalb in die bei einer Betriebsansteuerspannung sich ergebende Öffnungsverzugszeit umgerechnet. Da die tatsächliche Öffnungsverzugszeit erheblich kleiner ist als die gemessene Öffnungsverzugszeit, wirken sich Messungenauigkeiten nur in stark abgeschwächter Form auf die tatsächliche Ansteuerung aus.During operation of the internal combustion engine 10, it is not ensured in all operating ranges that during normal activation of the solenoid valves 18 at the end of the current increase phase, ie the boost phase t 02, the opening time T1 is actually reached. The boost phase with normal control of the solenoid valves 18 can not be extended arbitrarily until the opening time T1 of the solenoid valve 18 is reached safely, since the solenoid valve 18 would hit by the necessary high energy coupling at too high speed to the upper valve stop. Preferably, therefore, a measurement of the opening timing T1 is performed only in selected operating areas. Alternatively or additionally, the measurements can be carried out in a separate measurement phase. During such a measurement phase, suitable drive voltages can then be selected which are advantageously below the valve drive voltages which are used during the normal activation, that is to say, for example, during normal injections. Due to the lower drive voltage during the measurement phase, the measured opening delay time t 01 is extended . This is why in the subsequent an operating drive voltage resulting opening delay time converted. Since the actual opening delay time is considerably smaller than the measured opening delay time, measurement inaccuracies only have a greatly attenuated effect on the actual activation.

Vorzugsweise wird während der separaten Messphase eine Echtzeitsignalauswertung des Stromverlaufs durchgeführt. Sobald der Öffnungszeitpunkt T1 detektiert wird, wird die Messphase unverzüglich abgebrochen. Dadurch kann das Einspritzen einer unerwünschten Kraftstoffmenge vermieden, zumindest jedoch reduziert werden. Wird eine niedrige Ansteuerspannung gewählt, so wird die Öffnungsgenauigkeit der Ventilnadel 28 reduziert, wodurch die eventuell ungewollt eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge 42 auf ein für die Brennkraftmaschine 10 nicht relevantes Maß reduziert wird.Preferably, a real-time signal evaluation of the current profile is performed during the separate measurement phase. As soon as the opening time T1 is detected, the measuring phase is aborted immediately. As a result, the injection of an undesirable amount of fuel can be avoided, or at least reduced. If a low drive voltage is selected, the opening accuracy of the valve needle 28 is reduced, as a result of which the possibly unintentionally injected fuel quantity 42 is reduced to a level which is not relevant for the internal combustion engine 10.

In Figur 5 ist ein stark schematisiertes Ablaufdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. Das Verfahren beginnt in einem Schritt 100, in dem die Messphase begonnen wird. Insbesondere erfolgt hier eine Ansteuerung des Magnetventils 18 mittels des Ansteuerstroms 60. In einem Schritt 101 wird der Ansteuerstrom 60 erfasst und beobachtet. In dem Schritt 101 wird beispielsweise die Ableitung 70a, 70b des erfassten Ansteuerstroms 60 gebildet.In FIG. 5 is a highly schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention shown. The method begins in a step 100 in which the measurement phase is started. In particular, a control of the solenoid valve 18 takes place here by means of the drive current 60. In a step 101, the drive current 60 is detected and monitored. In step 101, for example, the derivative 70a, 70b of the detected drive current 60 is formed.

In einem Schritt 102 wird geprüft, ob eine Änderung des Ansteuerstroms 60 vorliegt, die das Erreichen des Öffnungszeitpunkts T1 anzeigt. Hierzu wird beispielsweise der Verlauf der Ableitung 70a, 70b des Ansteuerstroms 60 daraufhin untersucht, ob ein lokales Minima vorliegt. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so wird in dem Schritt 101 weiter überwacht.In a step 102, it is checked whether there is a change of the driving current 60 indicating the reaching of the opening timing T1. For this purpose, for example, the course of the derivative 70a, 70b of the drive current 60 is then examined as to whether a local minimum exists. If this is not the case, then step 101 continues to monitor.

Wird jedoch in dem Schritt 102 das Vorliegen des Öffnungszeitpunkts T1 detektiert, so wird in einem Schritt 103 der ermittelte Öffnungszeitpunkt in einem geeigneten Kennfeld abgespeichert, gegebenenfalls nach Kompensation von Effekten, die aus einer gering gewählten Ansteuerspannung in der Messphase resultieren. In einem Schritt 104 werden aus den ermittelten Öffnungszeitpunkten für weitere Arbeitspunkte Öffnungszeitpunkte extrapoliert und ebenfalls in das Kennfeld abgespeichert.If, however, the presence of the opening time T1 is detected in step 102, the determined opening time is stored in a suitable characteristic field in a step 103, optionally after compensation of effects resulting from a slightly selected drive voltage in the measurement phase. In a step 104, opening times are extrapolated from the determined opening times for further operating points and also stored in the map.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for determining the opening delay (t01) of a magnetic valve (18), in which in a measurement phase the magnetic valve (18) is actuated and a difference between the start of actuation and the opening time (T1) of the magnetic valve (18) is determined, wherein for the determination of the opening time (T1) the magnetic valve (18) is actuated in the measurement phase, the actuation current (60) is observed during the actuation, and when a predefineable change in the actuation current (60) is detected it is concluded that the opening time (T1) has been reached, characterized in that the opening time is determined in a separate measurement phase, with the result that the actuation current (60, 60a, 60b) of the magnetic valve (18) in the measurement phase is independent of the actuation of the magnetic valve (18) for the purpose of an injection.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the measurement phase an at least approximately constant actuation voltage (60a, 60b) is applied to the magnetic valve (18).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuation current (60; 60a, 60b) is observed by means of a measuring shunt.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predefinable change describes flattening of the actuation current (60; 60a, 60b).
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the flattening is determined by determining a minimum of the differentiated actuation current.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening time is determined at at least one operating point with a defined actuation voltage, and the opening behaviour of at least one further actuation voltage at another operating point is extrapolated from the opening time (T1).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that in the separate measurement phase the actuation voltage is selected such that it is below the actuation voltage which is applied during the normal operation of the magnetic valve, and in that the calculation of the opening delay (t01) which occurs during the normal operation is calculated on the basis of the opening delay determined in the separate measurement phase.
  8. Method according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that during the measurement phase the opening time (T1) is determined by means of a real-time signal evaluation, and the measurement phase is aborted as soon as the opening time (T1) is detected.
  9. Control unit (22) for actuating at least one magnetic valve (10) in an injection system in an internal combustion engine (10), characterized in that the control unit (22) comprises means for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
  10. Control unit (22) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the control unit (22) is designed to actuate the magnetic valves (18) in the measurement phase with such a low actuation voltage that the fuel quantity (42) injected during the measurement phase is reduced to an amount which is not relevant for the operation of the internal combustion engine (10).
  11. Computer program which can run on a computing unit, in particular on a control unit (22) for actuating a magnetic valve (18), characterized in that the computer program is programmed to carry out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 8 when the computer program is executed on the computing unit.
EP10720182.4A 2009-06-15 2010-06-01 Determination of the lift delay of a magnetic valve Not-in-force EP2443333B1 (en)

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DE200910026930 DE102009026930A1 (en) 2009-06-15 2009-06-15 Determining the lift-off delay of a solenoid valve
PCT/EP2010/057638 WO2010145936A1 (en) 2009-06-15 2010-06-01 Determination of the lift delay of a magnetic valve

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GB201207289D0 (en) 2011-06-14 2012-06-06 Sentec Ltd Flux switch actuator
DE102011086151A1 (en) 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating solenoid valve, particularly fuel injection valve of combustion engine, involves driving coil and moving armature between resting seat and stroke stop
JP6398930B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2018-10-03 株式会社デンソー Injection control device
DE102015219145A1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-06 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH household appliance
JP6289579B1 (en) * 2016-10-20 2018-03-07 三菱電機株式会社 INJECTOR CONTROL DEVICE AND INJECTOR CONTROL METHOD
DE102020213705A1 (en) 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining an opening time of an injector with a solenoid valve, computer program, control unit, internal combustion engine and motor vehicle

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DE3426799A1 (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-01-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE AMOUNT OF FUEL TO BE INJECTED INTO AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE3942836A1 (en) * 1989-12-23 1991-06-27 Daimler Benz Ag METHOD FOR DETECTING THE MOTION AND POSITION OF A COMPONENT OF A INDUCTIVE ELECTRICAL CONSUMER THROUGH MAGNETIC INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO END POSITIONS
DE4011217A1 (en) * 1990-04-06 1991-10-10 Lucas Ind Plc Controlling magnetic-valve in antilocking braking system - ascertaining function of valve by tapping voltage of transistor setting current flow through solenoid
DE4308811B9 (en) * 1992-07-21 2004-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for controlling a solenoid-controlled fuel metering device
GB9225622D0 (en) * 1992-12-08 1993-01-27 Pi Research Ltd Electromagnetic valves
US7430899B2 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-10-07 Ford Motor Company Methods and systems for testing electromagnetically actuated fuel injectors

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EP2443333A1 (en) 2012-04-25

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