EP2439342B1 - Reinforcement mesh - Google Patents

Reinforcement mesh Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2439342B1
EP2439342B1 EP20100013371 EP10013371A EP2439342B1 EP 2439342 B1 EP2439342 B1 EP 2439342B1 EP 20100013371 EP20100013371 EP 20100013371 EP 10013371 A EP10013371 A EP 10013371A EP 2439342 B1 EP2439342 B1 EP 2439342B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
cover layer
reinforcement mat
mat according
carrier layer
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EP20100013371
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2439342A1 (en
Inventor
Henning Ehrenberg
Katja Dipl.-Ing. Werth
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Witte
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Naue GmbH and Co KG
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Naue GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP20100013371 priority Critical patent/EP2439342B1/en
Publication of EP2439342A1 publication Critical patent/EP2439342A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reinforcing mats comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer, wherein the carrier layer and / or the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped, processes for their preparation and the use of reinforcing mats according to the invention for reinforcing tasks in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection.
  • Geosynthetics such as sealing mats and reinforcing mats are used for filter and reinforcement tasks in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection.
  • buildings are increasingly being designed today, in which the geosynthetic takes over the function of packaging for locally occurring soil materials.
  • the geosynthetic takes over the function of packaging for locally occurring soil materials.
  • flexible helicopters from geosynthetics are increasingly being used, which act as the second line of defense for the dune in the event of a storm surge.
  • Geosynthetics are also used in the filling and sealing of docks.
  • geosynthetics ie water-permeable nonwovens or fabric, placed on soft soil layers, for example, to prevent the partial sinking of the embankment in the soft ground or embankment fractures or very different subsidence.
  • Soft soils are, for example, organogenic soils, especially silt. In these organogenic soils, gas-forming processes that are caused by bacteria take place.
  • a reinforcing mat according to the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 0 278 419 A2 known.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a reinforcing mat, in which the aforementioned problems do not occur and the rest of the above requirements, in particular for installation under water, is sufficient. Furthermore, a method for cost-effective and practical manufacture of such an improved reinforcing mat is to be provided.
  • the reinforcing mat according to the invention comprises at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer.
  • the cover layer consists of nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer of nonwoven fabric or a woven or knitted fabric. Carrier and cover layer are connected to each other, wherein according to the invention, at least the support layer or the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped.
  • the surface tension is used to characterize the hydrophobicity of the carrier layer or cover layer. This can be determined, for example, by measuring the static contact angle of water on a smooth surface of the carrier or cover layer. Hydrophobic carrier layers or cover layers are characterized by static contact angles for water of at least 90 °. The surface tension can also be determined by the "hanging drop” method (Pendent Drop: see S. Wu “Polymer Interface and Adhesion", Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1982, pp. 266-268 ). The values given for the surface tension of the carrier or cover layer here and below refer to the values determined by the hanging drop method. Hydrophobic supports or cover layers in the sense of the invention have a surface tension in the range from 20 mN / m to 50 mN / m.
  • the reinforcing mat according to the invention is eminently suitable for passing gas under the mat, even when the reinforcing mat is installed under water or in damp or soaked ground, so that the gas bubble accumulation known from the prior art results in deformations and instability of the structure can be avoided.
  • both the carrier layer and the cover layer are hydrophobic.
  • an intermediate layer is arranged between the carrier layer and the cover layer, which, since the carrier layer and cover layer are connected to one another, is fixed by the adjacent layers or their connection components.
  • Such an intermediate layer can advantageously consist of sand, typically quartz sand, but also of other suitable materials.
  • both the carrier layer and the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped. It is particularly advantageous if all layers are hydrophobic.
  • the hydrophobic finish of at least one preferred all layers of the reinforcement mat ensures a certain gas permeability of the mat, even when installed under water or in moist soils.
  • the hydrophobic finish is accomplished by means of a hydrophobing agent, typically by applying a finish.
  • both the carrier layer and the cover layer of nonwoven fabric Preferably, both the carrier layer and the cover layer of nonwoven fabric.
  • the nonwoven fabric used is a mechanically consolidated staple fiber nonwoven. It is designed so that the crimped fibers form a fabric with countless labyrinthine passages.
  • the soil structure is ideally replicated.
  • the structure of the nonwovens can be adjusted coarser or finer, depending on the nature of the soil, so that optimal adaptation to the pending soil type is ensured.
  • the mechanical consolidation guarantees a high coefficient of friction between the pending floor and the nonwoven fabric as well as the cover.
  • the staple fiber webs used can be mechanically consolidated by needlepunching, by means of sewing technique or by swirling.
  • the nonwovens used in the invention are rot-proof, d. H. Resistant to all substances occurring in the body of water and in the soil and thus demonstrably guarantee an extremely long service life. Their extremely high tear strength causes a substantial insensitivity to mechanical stresses. They are highly UV-stable and have a high specific gravity.
  • the nonwovens consist of a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyolefin, polyacrylic and polyester. Nonwoven fabrics of polyolefin, such as, for example, nonwovens of polyethylene and / or polypropylene, are particularly preferred.
  • the solidification of the nonwoven fabrics can be carried out in any known manner.
  • the binder may be a melt binder, which is incorporated, for example, in powder form or in the form of binder threads in the nonwoven and solidifies the nonwoven under heat to the nonwoven fabric.
  • the solidification of the nonwoven fabric to the nonwoven fabric can also be done by calendering, wherein partly occurs a mechanical entanglement of the filaments, partly an autogenous weld at the intersection points.
  • the basis weight of the textile reinforcing mat according to the invention depends on the intended use. In this case, a high basis weight or a high specific gravity of > 1.2 g / cm 3 is advantageous in the underwater installation of the reinforcing mat.
  • the basis weight of the reinforcing mat is in the range between 2.300 g / m 2 and 12,200 g / m 2 , more preferably in the range between 4,500 g / m 2 and 7,200 g / m 2 .
  • the nonwoven fabric is permeable to water.
  • the nonwoven fabric preferably has a water permeability in the range between 20 l / s ⁇ m 2 and 120 l / s ⁇ m 2 , more preferably in the range between 40 l / s ⁇ m 2 and 100 l / s ⁇ m 2 (according to DIN EN ISO 11058).
  • the carrier layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric, this is a synthetic fiber fabric.
  • the fabric or knitted fabric is also permeable to water.
  • Suitable woven or knitted fabrics consist for example of multifilament yarns and of high-density polyethylene (PEHD), polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PES).
  • PEHD high-density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyester
  • the carrier layer and the cover layer are connected to one another.
  • the carrier layer and the cover layer can be joined together by needling. In a further embodiment, it is possible to sew cover layer and carrier layer together.
  • both the carrier layer and the cover layer are formed antistatic.
  • the antistatic formation of the nonwoven fabrics can be carried out, for example, with metallic fibers or by needling with antistatic textile fibers, for example carbon fibers or materials which are comparable in effect.
  • the basis weight of the carrier layer is in the range of 100 g / m 2 to 1,000 g / m 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 200 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 mm.
  • the grammage may vary.
  • the basis weight of the intermediate layer is preferably in the range from 2,000 g / m 2 to 10,000 g / m 2 , more preferably in the range from 4,000 g / m 2 to 6,000 g / m 2 .
  • the surface weight of the cover layer is preferably in the range from 200 g / m 2 to 1,200 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range from 300 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 .
  • the intermediate layer varies in its basis weight due to the requirements of the construction project, with regard to the laying and possibly occurring flow velocities during underwater installation and with respect to their mass and drainage capacity with regard to the grain size and type of interlayer material.
  • the reinforcement mat is permeable to gas.
  • the reinforcing mat is permeable to gases such as nitrogen and methane.
  • the hydrophobic finish of the carrier layer or cover layer is achieved by using a hydrophobing agent.
  • the hydrophobizing agent used for the hydrophobizing coating covers the nonwoven fabric or woven and knitted fabric with a very thin layer of hydrophobic groups, such as, for example, long-chain alkyl radicals or siloxane groups.
  • Suitable hydrophobizing agents are selected from the group consisting of paraffins, waxes, metal soaps with additions of aluminum or zirconium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified melamine resins, chromium complex salts, silicones, organotin compounds, glutaric dialdehyde and perfluorinated compounds.
  • the hydrophobized carrier or cover layer is characterized by the fact that drops of water roll off on it without moistening.
  • the hydrophobization is preferably carried out by the use of silicones, such as, for example, polysiloxanes.
  • Preferred polysiloxanes are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have 1-5 carbon atoms and are fully or partially fluorinated.
  • Polysiloxanes which are likewise preferred are polydimethylsiloxanes which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds.
  • polysiloxanes are the polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes which comprise, for example, polyethylene glycols, and the polyalkylene oxide-modified dimethylpolysiloxanes.
  • the polysiloxanes are in the form of an aqueous emulsion which, in addition to water, may contain emulsifiers and surface-active agents, and are also referred to as hydrophobic softening agents.
  • Appropriate Products can be obtained under the trade names Evo Soft® SME and Synthesin® SE 128 FILL from DyStar, Leverkusen.
  • the hydrophobic softening agent preferably has a content of hydrophobizing agents in the range from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight.
  • the hydrophobic coating preferably has a content of polysiloxanes in the range from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for producing a reinforcing mat, comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer, wherein the cover layer of nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer of nonwoven fabric or a woven or knitted fabric and the layers are interconnected, wherein at least the Carrier or the top layer are hydrophobic equipped.
  • the fibers of the nonwoven fabric are hydrophilized in fiber production by adding at least one hydrophilizing additive.
  • an additive may be added to the melt, which migrates to the surface of the nonwoven fiber at a later time and then, when wetted with water, reduces its surface tension.
  • a masterbatch with a mixed silicate and erucic acid amide based on polyethylene is available, which can be used as a hydrophilicizing agent.
  • the fibers of the nonwoven fabric itself during or after production by external application with at least hydrophilizing a hydrophilicizing agent is possible.
  • the hydrophilic finishing agent is a liquid that contains substances that remain on the fiber surface after wetting and subsequent drying. These substances reduce the surface tension when re-wetted with water in the case of using a hydrophilic lubricant.
  • surfactants can be used in this sense.
  • the liquid hydrophilizing agent may be applied by soaking, spraying, nebulizing or the like.
  • the hydrophilization of the fibers of the nonwoven layer or else the nonwoven layer as a whole is possible by any suitable chemical and / or physical treatment.
  • pretreatments of the nonwoven fabric or the fibers are possible, for example, by a corona or plasma pretreatment.
  • the treatment of a hydrophilic carrier layer and / or a hydrophilic top layer with a hydrophobing agent should be carried out before joining these layers to a reinforcing mat.
  • the usual methods described in the prior art can be used.
  • the methods are out EP 0 278 419 A2 , Pages 5 - 7, called.
  • the hydrophobizing agent Prior to bonding the backing and topcoat, the hydrophobizing agent is applied in a bath through which the geosynthetic material passes.
  • the application of the hydrophobing agent by spraying a hydrophobic coating on a composite of support layer and cover layer can take place.
  • hydrophobizing agent it is likewise possible to apply the hydrophobizing agent to the geosynthetic material before it is bonded to one another as a carrier layer or cover layer.
  • a aqueous dispersion or emulsion of the hydrophobic coating is sprayed onto a continuously running geosynthetics via suitable nozzle systems.
  • the reinforcing mat according to the invention can be used as geosynthetics in a variety of applications, for example in dike construction as a flat sealing, filtering and drainage layer, for erosion protection or for reinforcement.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of a reinforcing mat according to the invention for sole and slope protection, in particular for securing the bottom of docks, in coastal protection, in the revetment, in the flexible sole protection, the pillar protection and as a foot template to longitudinal and transverse works.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Bewehrungsmatten, umfassend wenigstens eine Trägerschicht und wenigstens eine Deckschicht, wobei die Trägerschicht und/oder die Deckschicht hydrophob ausgerüstet sind, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und die Verwendung von erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bewehrungsmatten für Bewehrungsaufgaben im Wasserbau und Küstenschutz.The present invention relates to reinforcing mats comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer, wherein the carrier layer and / or the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped, processes for their preparation and the use of reinforcing mats according to the invention for reinforcing tasks in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection.

Geokunststoffe, wie beispielsweise Dichtungsmatten und Bewehrungsmatten finden ihren Einsatz für Filter- und Bewehrungsaufgaben im Wasserbau und Küstenschutz. Daneben werden heute zunehmend Bauwerke konzipiert, bei denen der Geokunststoff die Funktion einer Verpackung für örtlich anstehende Bodenmaterialien übernimmt. So werden beispielsweise zur Stabilisierung von natürlichen Dünen in sandigen und erosionsgefährdeten Küstenabschnitten zunehmend von außen unsichtbare, flexible Helfer aus Geokunststoffen eingesetzt, die im Fall einer Sturmflut als zweite Verteidigungslinie für die Düne fungieren.Geosynthetics, such as sealing mats and reinforcing mats are used for filter and reinforcement tasks in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection. In addition, buildings are increasingly being designed today, in which the geosynthetic takes over the function of packaging for locally occurring soil materials. For example, in order to stabilize natural dunes in sandy and erosion-prone coastal areas, invisible, flexible helicopters from geosynthetics are increasingly being used, which act as the second line of defense for the dune in the event of a storm surge.

Ebenfalls finden Geokunststoffe Anwendung bei der Befüllung und Dichtung von Hafenbecken.Geosynthetics are also used in the filling and sealing of docks.

In der Regel werden Geokunststoffe, d. h. wasserdurchlässige Vliesstoffe oder Gewebe, auf weiche Bodenschichten aufgelegt, um beispielsweise das partielle Einsinken der Dammschüttung in den weichen Untergrund bzw. Böschungsbrüche oder stark unterschiedliche Setzungen zu verhindern.In general, geosynthetics, ie water-permeable nonwovens or fabric, placed on soft soil layers, for example, to prevent the partial sinking of the embankment in the soft ground or embankment fractures or very different subsidence.

Weiche Böden sind beispielsweise organogene Böden, insbesondere Schlick. In diesen organogenen Böden finden Gasbildungsprozesse statt, die von Bakterien hervorgerufen werden.Soft soils are, for example, organogenic soils, especially silt. In these organogenic soils, gas-forming processes that are caused by bacteria take place.

Es wurde beobachtet, dass bei dem Einbau von konventionellen Geokunststoffen zwischen örtlich vorhandenem Schlick und zur Flächenaufhöhung eingesetztem Sand Verformungen an der Oberfläche auftraten. Es zeigte sich, dass die Verformungen durch die Bildung von Gasblasen unter dem Geokunststoff hervorgerufen wurden. Die Verformungen führen zu einer Instabilität eines Bauwerkes, wie beispielsweise eines Hafenbeckens, und gewährleisten damit nicht die ausreichende Sohlensicherung von Hafenbecken.It has been observed that during the incorporation of conventional geosynthetics between localized silt and sand used for surface elevation, surface deformation occurred. It was found that the deformations were caused by the formation of gas bubbles under the geosynthetic. The deformations lead to an instability of a structure, such as a harbor basin, and thus do not ensure the adequate sole securing of docks.

Eine Bewehrungsmatte nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 ist aus EP 0 278 419 A2 bekannt.A reinforcing mat according to the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 0 278 419 A2 known.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bewehrungsmatte zu schaffen, bei der die vorgenannten Probleme nicht auftreten und die im Übrigen der vorgenannten Anforderungen, insbesondere zum Einbau unter Wasser, genügt. Weiterhin soll ein Verfahren zur kostengünstigen und praktikablen Herstellung einer solch verbesserten Bewehrungsmatte bereitgestellt werden.Against this background, the present invention seeks to provide a reinforcing mat, in which the aforementioned problems do not occur and the rest of the above requirements, in particular for installation under water, is sufficient. Furthermore, a method for cost-effective and practical manufacture of such an improved reinforcing mat is to be provided.

Diese Aufgaben werden gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 bzw. die Merkmale des Anspruchs 11 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.These objects are achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below.

Die erfindungsgemäße Bewehrungsmatte umfasst wenigstens eine Trägerschicht sowie mindestens eine Deckschicht. Die Deckschicht besteht aus Vliesstoff und die Trägerschicht aus Vliesstoff oder einem Gewebe oder einem Gewirke. Träger- und Deckschicht sind miteinander verbunden, wobei erfindungsgemäß zumindest die Trägerschicht oder die Deckschicht hydrophob ausgerüstet sind.The reinforcing mat according to the invention comprises at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer. The cover layer consists of nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer of nonwoven fabric or a woven or knitted fabric. Carrier and cover layer are connected to each other, wherein according to the invention, at least the support layer or the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped.

Zur Charakterisierung der Hydrophobie der Trägerschicht bzw. Deckschicht dient deren Oberflächenspannung. Diese kann beispielsweise durch Messung des statischen Kontaktwinkels von Wasser an einer glatten Oberfläche der Träger- bzw. Deckschicht bestimmt werden. Hydrophobe Trägerschichten bzw. Deckschichten zeichnen sich durch statische Kontaktwinkel für Wasser von wenigstens 90° aus. Die Oberflächenspannung kann auch nach der Methode des "hängenden Tropfens" (Pendent Drop: siehe S. Wu "Polymer Interface and Adhesion", Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1982, S. 266-268 ) bestimmt werden. Die angegebenen Werte für die Oberflächenspannung der Träger- bzw. Deckschicht beziehen sich hier und im Folgenden auf die nach der Methode des hängenden Tropfens bestimmten Werte. Hydrophobe Träger bzw. Deckschichten im Sinne der Erfindung weisen eine Oberflächenspannung im Bereich von 20 mN/m bis 50 mN/m auf.The surface tension is used to characterize the hydrophobicity of the carrier layer or cover layer. This can be determined, for example, by measuring the static contact angle of water on a smooth surface of the carrier or cover layer. Hydrophobic carrier layers or cover layers are characterized by static contact angles for water of at least 90 °. The surface tension can also be determined by the "hanging drop" method (Pendent Drop: see S. Wu "Polymer Interface and Adhesion", Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1982, pp. 266-268 ). The values given for the surface tension of the carrier or cover layer here and below refer to the values determined by the hanging drop method. Hydrophobic supports or cover layers in the sense of the invention have a surface tension in the range from 20 mN / m to 50 mN / m.

Die erfindungsgemäße Bewehrungsmatte ist in hervorragender Weise geeignet, Gasbildungen unter der Matte, selbst wenn die Bewehrungsmatte unter Wasser oder in feuchtem oder durchnässten Boden eingebaut ist, nach oben durchzulassen, sodass die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Gasblasenansammlung, die zu Verformungen und Instabilität des Bauwerks führen können, vermieden werden.The reinforcing mat according to the invention is eminently suitable for passing gas under the mat, even when the reinforcing mat is installed under water or in damp or soaked ground, so that the gas bubble accumulation known from the prior art results in deformations and instability of the structure can be avoided.

Vorzugsweise sind sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht hydrophob ausgerüstet.Preferably, both the carrier layer and the cover layer are hydrophobic.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Deckschicht eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet, die, da Träger- und Deckschicht miteinander verbunden sind, durch die angrenzenden Schichten bzw. deren Verbindungskomponenten fixiert ist. Eine solche Zwischenschicht kann vorteilhaft aus Sand, typischerweise Quarzsand bestehen, aber auch aus anderen geeigneten Stoffen. Ein besonders haltbarer und Scherkräfte übertragender Verbund zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Deckschicht, insbesondere unter Eingliederung der Zwischenschicht, ist dann gebildet, wenn die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht durch Vernadeln oder Vernähen miteinander verbunden sind, wie dies beim Verbund solcher Schichten grundsätzlich zum Stand der Technik zählt.Expediently, an intermediate layer is arranged between the carrier layer and the cover layer, which, since the carrier layer and cover layer are connected to one another, is fixed by the adjacent layers or their connection components. Such an intermediate layer can advantageously consist of sand, typically quartz sand, but also of other suitable materials. A particularly durable and shear-transmitting composite between the carrier layer and the cover layer, in particular under inclusion of the Intermediate layer, is formed when the carrier layer and the cover layer are connected to each other by needling or sewing, as in the composite of such layers in principle belongs to the prior art.

Vorteilhaft sind nicht nur eine der beiden Schichten (Träger- oder Deckschicht) sondern sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht hydrophob ausgerüstet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn alle Schichten hydrophob ausgerüstet sind. Die hydrophobe Ausrüstung mindestens einer bevorzugt aller Schichten der Bewehrungsmatte gewährleistet eine gewisse Gasdurchlässigkeit der Matte, auch bei Einbau unter Wasser oder in feuchten Böden. Die hydrophobe Ausrüstung erfolgt mittels eines Hydrophobierungsmittels, typischerweise durch Aufbringen einer Avivage.Advantageously, not only one of the two layers (carrier or cover layer) but both the carrier layer and the cover layer are hydrophobic equipped. It is particularly advantageous if all layers are hydrophobic. The hydrophobic finish of at least one preferred all layers of the reinforcement mat ensures a certain gas permeability of the mat, even when installed under water or in moist soils. The hydrophobic finish is accomplished by means of a hydrophobing agent, typically by applying a finish.

Vorzugsweise bestehen sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht aus Vliesstoff.Preferably, both the carrier layer and the cover layer of nonwoven fabric.

Grundsätzlich eignen sich alle aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vliesstoffe zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungsmatte. Vorzugsweise ist der eingesetzte Vliesstoff ein mechanisch verfestigtes Stapelfaservlies. Es ist so aufgebaut, dass die gekräuselt zusammengefügten Fasern ein Flächengebilde mit unzähligen labyrinthartigen Gängen bilden. Hierbei wird die Bodenstruktur ideal nachgebildet. Das Gefüge der Vliesstoffe lässt sich je nach der Bodenbeschaffenheit gröber oder feiner einstellen, so dass eine optimale Anpassung an die anstehende Bodenart gewährleistet ist. Die mechanische Verfestigung garantiert einen hohen Reibungswert zwischen dem anstehenden Boden und dem Vliesstoff sowie der Abdeckung. Die verwendeten Stapelfaservliese lassen sich durch Vernadeln, mittels Nähwirktechnik oder durch Verwirbelung mechanisch verfestigen.In principle, all nonwovens known from the prior art are suitable for producing the reinforcing mat according to the invention. Preferably, the nonwoven fabric used is a mechanically consolidated staple fiber nonwoven. It is designed so that the crimped fibers form a fabric with countless labyrinthine passages. Here, the soil structure is ideally replicated. The structure of the nonwovens can be adjusted coarser or finer, depending on the nature of the soil, so that optimal adaptation to the pending soil type is ensured. The mechanical consolidation guarantees a high coefficient of friction between the pending floor and the nonwoven fabric as well as the cover. The staple fiber webs used can be mechanically consolidated by needlepunching, by means of sewing technique or by swirling.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Vliesstoffe sind verrottungsfest, d. h. resistent gegen alle im Gewässer und im Boden vorkommenden Substanzen und gewährleisten somit nachweislich eine extrem hohe Lebensdauer. Ihre überaus hohe Reißfestigkeit bewirkt eine weitgehende Unempfindlichkeit gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen. Sie sind hochgradig UV-stabil und haben ein hohes spezifisches Gewicht. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Vliesstoffe aus einem Kunststoff, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyamid, Polyolefin, Polyacryl und Polyester. Besonders bevorzugt sind Vliesstoffe aus Polyolefin, wie beispielsweise Vliesstoffe aus Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen.The nonwovens used in the invention are rot-proof, d. H. Resistant to all substances occurring in the body of water and in the soil and thus demonstrably guarantee an extremely long service life. Their extremely high tear strength causes a substantial insensitivity to mechanical stresses. They are highly UV-stable and have a high specific gravity. Preferably, the nonwovens consist of a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyolefin, polyacrylic and polyester. Nonwoven fabrics of polyolefin, such as, for example, nonwovens of polyethylene and / or polypropylene, are particularly preferred.

Grundsätzlich kann die Verfestigung der Vliesstoffe auf jede bekannte Art und Weise erfolgen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, das Vlies durch einen Binder zu verfestigen, mit dem das Vlies imprägniert wird, und der anschließend ausgehärtet wird. Ebenfalls kann der Binder ein Schmelzbinder sein, der beispielsweise in Pulverform oder in Form von Binderfäden in das Vlies eingearbeitet wird und der das Vlies unter Wärmeeinwirkung zum Vliesstoff verfestigt. Ebenfalls kann die Verfestigung des Vlieses zum Vliesstoff auch durch Kalandrierung erfolgen, wobei teils eine mechanische Verfilzung der Filamente, teils eine autogene Verschweißung an den Kreuzungspunkten eintritt.In principle, the solidification of the nonwoven fabrics can be carried out in any known manner. Thus, it is possible, for example, to solidify the nonwoven by a binder with which the nonwoven fabric is impregnated, and then cured. Also, the binder may be a melt binder, which is incorporated, for example, in powder form or in the form of binder threads in the nonwoven and solidifies the nonwoven under heat to the nonwoven fabric. Likewise, the solidification of the nonwoven fabric to the nonwoven fabric can also be done by calendering, wherein partly occurs a mechanical entanglement of the filaments, partly an autogenous weld at the intersection points.

Das Flächengewicht der erfindungsgemäßen textilen Bewehrungsmatte richtet sich natürlich nach dem geplanten Einsatz. Dabei ist ein hohes Flächengewicht oder ein hohes spezifisches Gewicht von >1,2 g/cm3 vorteilhaft beim Unterwassereinbau der Bewehrungsmatte. Vorzugsweise liegt das Flächengewicht der Bewehrungsmatte im Bereich zwischen 2.300 g/m2 und 12.200 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen 4.500 g/m2 und 7.200 g/m2. Der Vliesstoff ist wasserdurchlässig. Bevorzugt weist der Vliesstoff eine Wasserdurchlässigkeit im Bereich zwischen 20 I/s x m2 und 120 I/s x m2, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen 40 I/s x m2 und 100 I/s x m2 auf (nach DIN EN ISO 11058).The basis weight of the textile reinforcing mat according to the invention of course depends on the intended use. In this case, a high basis weight or a high specific gravity of > 1.2 g / cm 3 is advantageous in the underwater installation of the reinforcing mat. Preferably, the basis weight of the reinforcing mat is in the range between 2.300 g / m 2 and 12,200 g / m 2 , more preferably in the range between 4,500 g / m 2 and 7,200 g / m 2 . The nonwoven fabric is permeable to water. The nonwoven fabric preferably has a water permeability in the range between 20 l / s × m 2 and 120 l / s × m 2 , more preferably in the range between 40 l / s × m 2 and 100 l / s × m 2 (according to DIN EN ISO 11058).

Sofern die Trägerschicht aus einem Gewebe oder Gewirke besteht, handelt es sich dabei um ein Chemiefasergewebe. Das Gewebe bzw. Gewirke ist ebenfalls wasserdurchlässig. Geeignete Gewebe bzw. Gewirke bestehen beispielsweise aus Multifillgarnen und aus Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PEHD), Polypropylen (PP) oder Polyester (PES). Die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht sind miteinander verbunden. Vorzugsweise können die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht miteinander durch Vernadeln verbunden werden. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist es möglich, Deckschicht und Trägerschicht miteinander zu vernähen.If the carrier layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric, this is a synthetic fiber fabric. The fabric or knitted fabric is also permeable to water. Suitable woven or knitted fabrics consist for example of multifilament yarns and of high-density polyethylene (PEHD), polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PES). The carrier layer and the cover layer are connected to one another. Preferably, the carrier layer and the cover layer can be joined together by needling. In a further embodiment, it is possible to sew cover layer and carrier layer together.

Vorzugsweise sind sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht antistatisch ausgebildet. Die antistatische Ausbildung der Vliesstoffe kann beispielsweise mit metallischen Fasern oder durch Vernadeln mit antistatischen Textilfasern, beispielsweise Kohlenstofffasern oder in der Wirkung vergleichbare Materialien, durchgeführt werden.Preferably, both the carrier layer and the cover layer are formed antistatic. The antistatic formation of the nonwoven fabrics can be carried out, for example, with metallic fibers or by needling with antistatic textile fibers, for example carbon fibers or materials which are comparable in effect.

Vorzugsweise liegt das Flächengewicht der Trägerschicht im Bereich von 100 g/m2 bis 1.000 g/m2 mm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 200 g/m2 bis 600 g/m2 mm. Je nach Bewehrungsanforderung aus dem Projekt kann das Flächengewicht variieren. Bevorzugt liegt das Flächengewicht der Zwischenschicht im Bereich von 2.000 g/m2 bis 10.000 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 4.000 g/m2 bis 6.000 g/m2. Vorzugsweise liegt das Flächengewicht der Deckschicht im Bereich von 200 g/m2 bis 1.200 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 300 g/m2 bis 600 g/m2.Preferably, the basis weight of the carrier layer is in the range of 100 g / m 2 to 1,000 g / m 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 200 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 mm. Depending on the reinforcement requirement from the project, the grammage may vary. The basis weight of the intermediate layer is preferably in the range from 2,000 g / m 2 to 10,000 g / m 2 , more preferably in the range from 4,000 g / m 2 to 6,000 g / m 2 . The surface weight of the cover layer is preferably in the range from 200 g / m 2 to 1,200 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range from 300 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 .

Die Zwischenschicht variiert in ihrem Flächengewicht aufgrund der Anforderungen aus dem Bauprojekt, hinsichtlich der Verlegung und ggf. auftretender Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten beim Unterwassereinbau und bezüglich ihrer Masse und Dränleistung hinsichtlich der Korngröße und Art des Zwischenschichtmaterials.The intermediate layer varies in its basis weight due to the requirements of the construction project, with regard to the laying and possibly occurring flow velocities during underwater installation and with respect to their mass and drainage capacity with regard to the grain size and type of interlayer material.

Die Bewehrungsmatte ist gasdurchlässig. Insbesondere ist die Bewehrungsmatte durchlässig für Gase, wie Stickstoff und Methan. Die hydrophobe Ausrüstung der Trägerschicht bzw. Deckschicht erfolgt durch Verwendung eines Hydrophobierungsmittels. Das zum Hydrophobieren verwendete Hydrophobierungsmittel überzieht den Vliesstoff bzw. das Gewebe und Gewirke mit einer sehr dünnen Schicht hydrophober Gruppen, wie beispielsweise langkettige Alkylreste oder Siloxangruppen. Geeignete Hydrophobierungsmittel werden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Paraffinen, Wachsen, Metallseifen mit Zusätzen von Aluminium- oder Zirkoniumsalzen, quartären Ammoniumverbindungen mit langkettigen Alkylresten, Harnstoffderivaten, fettsäuremodifizierten Melaminharzen, Chromkomplexsalzen, Silikonen, zinnorganischen Verbindungen, Glutardialdehyd und perfluorierten Verbindungen. Die hydrophobierte Träger- bzw. Deckschicht zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass Wassertropfen an ihr abperlen, ohne zu benetzen.The reinforcement mat is permeable to gas. In particular, the reinforcing mat is permeable to gases such as nitrogen and methane. The hydrophobic finish of the carrier layer or cover layer is achieved by using a hydrophobing agent. The hydrophobizing agent used for the hydrophobizing coating covers the nonwoven fabric or woven and knitted fabric with a very thin layer of hydrophobic groups, such as, for example, long-chain alkyl radicals or siloxane groups. Suitable hydrophobizing agents are selected from the group consisting of paraffins, waxes, metal soaps with additions of aluminum or zirconium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified melamine resins, chromium complex salts, silicones, organotin compounds, glutaric dialdehyde and perfluorinated compounds. The hydrophobized carrier or cover layer is characterized by the fact that drops of water roll off on it without moistening.

Bevorzugt erfolgt die Hydrophobierung durch den Einsatz von Silikonen, wie beispielsweise Polysiloxanen. Bevorzugte Polysiloxane sind beispielsweise Polydialkyl- oder Alkylarylsiloxane, bei denen die Alkylgruppen 1-5 C-Atome aufweisen und ganz oder teilweise fluoriert sind. Ebenfalls bevorzugte Polysiloxane sind Polydimethylsiloxane, die gegebenenfalls derivatisiert sein können und dann aminofunktionell oder quaterniert sind bzw. Si-OH-, Si-H- und/oder Si-Cl-Bindungen aufweisen. Ebenfalls bevorzugte Polysiloxane sind die Polyalkylenoxid-modifizierten Polysiloxane, also Polysiloxane, welche beispielsweise Polyethylenglycole aufweisen, sowie die Polyalkylenoxid-modifizierten Dimethylpolysiloxane.The hydrophobization is preferably carried out by the use of silicones, such as, for example, polysiloxanes. Preferred polysiloxanes are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have 1-5 carbon atoms and are fully or partially fluorinated. Polysiloxanes which are likewise preferred are polydimethylsiloxanes which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds. Likewise preferred polysiloxanes are the polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes which comprise, for example, polyethylene glycols, and the polyalkylene oxide-modified dimethylpolysiloxanes.

Die Polysiloxane liegen als wässrige Emulsion vor, die neben Wasser Emulgatoren und oberflächenaktive Mittel enthalten können, und auch als hydrophobe Avivage bezeichnet werden. Entsprechende Produkte lassen sich unter dem Handelsnamen Evo Soft® SME und Synthesin® SE 128 FILL von der Firma DyStar, Leverkusen, beziehen.The polysiloxanes are in the form of an aqueous emulsion which, in addition to water, may contain emulsifiers and surface-active agents, and are also referred to as hydrophobic softening agents. Appropriate Products can be obtained under the trade names Evo Soft® SME and Synthesin® SE 128 FILL from DyStar, Leverkusen.

Die hydrophobe Avivage weist vorzugsweise einen Gehalt an Hydrophobierungsmitteln im Bereich von 10 bis 40 Gew.-% auf, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-%. Die hydrophobe Avivage weist vorzugsweise einen Gehalt an Polysiloxanen im Bereich von 10 bis 40 Gew.-% auf, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-%.The hydrophobic softening agent preferably has a content of hydrophobizing agents in the range from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight. The hydrophobic coating preferably has a content of polysiloxanes in the range from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 30% by weight.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bewehrungsmatte, umfassend wenigstens eine Trägerschicht und wenigstens eine Deckschicht, wobei die Deckschicht aus Vliesstoff und die Trägerschicht aus Vliesstoff oder einem Gewebe oder einem Gewirke besteht und die Schichten miteinander verbunden sind, wobei zumindest die Träger- oder die Deckschicht hydrophob ausgerüstet sind.Another object of the present invention is a process for producing a reinforcing mat, comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer, wherein the cover layer of nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer of nonwoven fabric or a woven or knitted fabric and the layers are interconnected, wherein at least the Carrier or the top layer are hydrophobic equipped.

Zur Hydrophobierung eines Vliesstoffes, der die Träger- bzw. Deckschicht der Bewehrungsmatte bilden kann, ist es notwendig, dass dieser Vliesstoff selbst hydrophil ist. Zur hydrophilen Ausrüstung von Vliesstoffen lassen sich grundsätzlich verschiedene Verfahren verwenden. Zum einen ist es möglich, dass die Fasern des Vliesstoffes bei der Faserherstellung durch Zugabe wenigstens eines Hydrophilierungsadditivs hydrophiliert sind. Beispielsweise kann bei der Herstellung des Vliesstoffes ein Additiv in die Schmelze gegeben werden, das zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt an die Oberfläche der Vliesfaser migriert und dort dann bei Benetzung mit Wasser dessen Oberflächenspannung reduziert. Unter der Handelsbezeichnung "ARGUTEC HYL 09 PP" der Firma Argus ist ein Masterbatch mit einem Mischsilikat und Erucasäureamid auf Polyethylenbasis erhältlich, das als Hydrophilierungsmittel eingesetzt werden kann. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Fasern des Vliesstoffes selbst während oder nach der Herstellung durch äußere Applizierung mit wenigstens einem Hydrophilierungsmittel hydrophiliert sind. Beispielsweise ist eine äußere Applizierung einer hydrophilen Avivage oder auch Seifenlösung möglich. Bei der hydrophilen Avivage handelt es sich um eine Flüssigkeit, die Substanzen enthält, welche nach Benetzung und anschließender Trocknung auf der Faseroberfläche zurückbleiben. Diese Substanzen reduzieren im Fall der Verwendung einer hydrophilen Avivage bei erneuter Benetzung mit Wasser bei der Substanz die Oberflächenspannung. Zum Beispiel können Tenside in diesem Sinne verwendet werden. Das flüssige Hydrophilierungsmittel kann durch Tränken, Besprühen, Vernebeln oder dergleichen aufgebracht werden. Letztlich ist die Hydrophilierung der Fasern der Vliesschicht oder aber auch der Vliesschicht insgesamt durch jede geeignete chemische und/oder physikalische Behandlung möglich. Auch Vorbehandlungen des Vliesstoffes oder der Fasern sind beispielsweise durch eine Corona- oder Plasmavorbehandlung möglich.For hydrophobization of a nonwoven fabric, which may form the carrier or cover layer of the reinforcing mat, it is necessary that this nonwoven fabric itself is hydrophilic. In principle, various processes can be used for the hydrophilic finishing of nonwovens. On the one hand, it is possible that the fibers of the nonwoven fabric are hydrophilized in fiber production by adding at least one hydrophilizing additive. For example, in the production of the nonwoven fabric, an additive may be added to the melt, which migrates to the surface of the nonwoven fiber at a later time and then, when wetted with water, reduces its surface tension. Under the trade name "ARGUTEC HYL 09 PP" from Argus, a masterbatch with a mixed silicate and erucic acid amide based on polyethylene is available, which can be used as a hydrophilicizing agent. It is also possible that the fibers of the nonwoven fabric itself during or after production by external application with at least hydrophilizing a hydrophilicizing agent. For example, an external application of a hydrophilic finish or soap solution is possible. The hydrophilic finishing agent is a liquid that contains substances that remain on the fiber surface after wetting and subsequent drying. These substances reduce the surface tension when re-wetted with water in the case of using a hydrophilic lubricant. For example, surfactants can be used in this sense. The liquid hydrophilizing agent may be applied by soaking, spraying, nebulizing or the like. Ultimately, the hydrophilization of the fibers of the nonwoven layer or else the nonwoven layer as a whole is possible by any suitable chemical and / or physical treatment. Also, pretreatments of the nonwoven fabric or the fibers are possible, for example, by a corona or plasma pretreatment.

Zur Herstellung der Bewehrungsmatte sollte die Behandlung einer hydrophilen Trägerschicht und/oder einer hydrophilen Deckschicht mit einem Hydrophobierungsmittel vor dem Verbinden dieser Schichten zu einer Bewehrungsmatte erfolgen.For the preparation of the reinforcing mat, the treatment of a hydrophilic carrier layer and / or a hydrophilic top layer with a hydrophobing agent should be carried out before joining these layers to a reinforcing mat.

Zur Herstellung einer Bewehrungsmatte können die üblichen, im Stand der Technik beschriebenen Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Beispielhaft seien die Verfahren aus EP 0 278 419 A2 , Seiten 5 - 7, genannt. Vor dem Verbinden von Trägerschicht und Deckschicht, wird das Hydrophobierungsmittel in einem Bad aufgebracht, durch das der Geokunststoff läuft. Alternativ kann das Auftragen des Hydrophobierungsmittels durch das Aufsprühen einer hydrophoben Avivage auf einen Verbund aus Trägerschicht und Deckschicht erfolgen.To prepare a reinforcing mat, the usual methods described in the prior art can be used. By way of example, the methods are out EP 0 278 419 A2 , Pages 5 - 7, called. Prior to bonding the backing and topcoat, the hydrophobizing agent is applied in a bath through which the geosynthetic material passes. Alternatively, the application of the hydrophobing agent by spraying a hydrophobic coating on a composite of support layer and cover layer can take place.

Ebenfalls ist es möglich, das Hydrophobierungsmittel auf den Geokunststoff aufzutragen, bevor dieser als Trägerschicht bzw. Deckschicht miteinander verbunden wird. Dabei wird bei der Sprühavivierung eine wässrige Dispersion bzw. Emulsion der hydrophoben Avivage auf einen kontinuierlich laufenden Geokunststoff über geeignete Düsensysteme aufgesprüht. Ebenso ist es möglich, den Geokunststoff durch eine entsprechende wässrige Emulsion bzw. Dispersion der hydrophoben Avivage zu führen und hiernach die mitgerissene Avivage vom Nähgarn abzuquetschen, abzuschleudern oder abzustreifen.It is likewise possible to apply the hydrophobizing agent to the geosynthetic material before it is bonded to one another as a carrier layer or cover layer. Here, in the spray flushing a aqueous dispersion or emulsion of the hydrophobic coating is sprayed onto a continuously running geosynthetics via suitable nozzle systems. It is likewise possible to guide the geosynthetic material through an appropriate aqueous emulsion or dispersion of the hydrophobic finish and then to squeeze, to spin off or strip off the entrained finish from the sewing thread.

Die erfindungsgemäße Bewehrungsmatte kann als Geokunststoff bei einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen verwendet werden, beispielsweise im Deichbau als flächige Dichtungs-, Filter-, und Dränschicht, zum Erosionsschutz oder zur Bewehrung. Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Bewehrungsmatte zur Sohlen- und Böschungssicherung, insbesondere zur Sohlensicherung von Hafenbecken, im Küstenschutz, im Deckwerksbau, im flexiblen Sohlenschutz, beim Pfeilerkolkschutz und als Fußvorlage an Längs- und Querwerken.The reinforcing mat according to the invention can be used as geosynthetics in a variety of applications, for example in dike construction as a flat sealing, filtering and drainage layer, for erosion protection or for reinforcement. Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of a reinforcing mat according to the invention for sole and slope protection, in particular for securing the bottom of docks, in coastal protection, in the revetment, in the flexible sole protection, the pillar protection and as a foot template to longitudinal and transverse works.

Claims (14)

  1. A reinforcement mat, comprising at least one carrier layer and at least one cover layer, wherein the cover layer consists of a non-woven, and the carrier layer of a non-woven or woven fabric or knitted fabric, and the layers are connected to one another, characterised in that at least the carrier layer or the cover layer are designed in an hydrophobic manner.
  2. A reinforcement mat according to claim 1, characterised in that the carrier layer and the cover layer consist of a non-woven.
  3. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an intermediate layer is arranged between the carrier layer and the cover layer.
  4. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the intermediate layer consists of sand.
  5. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier layer and the cover layer are connected to one another by way of needling.
  6. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier layer and the cover layer, preferably all layers are designed in a hydrophobic manner.
  7. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier layer and/or cover layer are designed in a hydrophobic manner with a hydrophobing means.
  8. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the non-woven consists of mechanically strengthened staple fibre non-wovens.
  9. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the non-woven consist of non-rotting plastic fibres, preferably polyolefin fibres.
  10. A reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier layer consists of a non-rotting plastic woven fabric, preferably a tape fabric.
  11. A method for manufacturing a reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one step, in which a mat comprising at least one hydrophilic carrier layer and a hydrophilic cover layer is treated with a hydrophobing agent.
  12. A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the hydrophobing agent is deposited in a bath.
  13. A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the hyrophobing agent is deposited by spraying on.
  14. The use of a reinforcement mat according to one of the preceding claims for bed protection and slope protection, in particular for bed protection of harbour basins, coastal protection, embankment protection, in flexible bed protection, scour protection and as revetments for longitudinal and transverse hydraulic structures.
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