EP2437917B1 - Process and device for drag finishing a workpiece - Google Patents
Process and device for drag finishing a workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2437917B1 EP2437917B1 EP10722641.7A EP10722641A EP2437917B1 EP 2437917 B1 EP2437917 B1 EP 2437917B1 EP 10722641 A EP10722641 A EP 10722641A EP 2437917 B1 EP2437917 B1 EP 2437917B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- functional surface
- grinding
- abrasive
- movement
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/02—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving rotary barrels
- B24B31/0224—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving rotary barrels the workpieces being fitted on a support
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for sliding cutting a workpiece having at least one functional surface, in which the workpiece is guided in a grinding container or abrasive containing working container while exerting a relative movement to the grinding wheels or abrasives, in which a relative movement of the workpiece to the abrasive particles in the working container descriptive movement trajectory under consideration of acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece load collective is determined in which a uniform reset of at least one accessible functional surface, and in which the workpiece relative to the abrasive particles in the working container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory is moved,
- the slip-pasting agents are selected, which are available in various shapes, sizes, materials, and compositions.
- abrasives and abrasive particles which can be present in the working container in an aqueous solution or suspension.
- Abrasive grains are present in a bonding system (ceramic, plastic-bonded, etc.) as a solid in abrasives abrasive abrasive grains and natural products.
- the entire carrier carousel equipped with the workpieces attached thereto is immersed in the abrasive bath and set in rotation. Due to the kinematics, the method is also known as drag loops. Depending on the selected depth of immersion of the carousel in the working container and in dependence on the selected rotational speeds of all through the carousel and the spindle mounted rotatable rotations up to 40 times higher cutting power is achieved on the workpieces as it is possible in the aforementioned vibratory finishing.
- a workpiece holder for attaching individual workpieces for carrying out an above-described Schleppschleifvorgang, in which the individual spindles for the purpose of a secure and simplified fastening of the workpieces to the respective spindles, are mounted hinged about a pivot axis.
- the US 5,251,409 describes a method for fine machining housings, especially outboard motors, by means of drag loops in an annular container containing abrasive.
- a central, rotatably and vertically slidably mounted ring are several workstations, each with a vertical arm on which the housing are fixed so that their axis of symmetry is substantially horizontal, ie in the towing plane.
- the housings are tilted at different angles during towing by means of a device mounted on the arm.
- the EP 1 219 389 A1 relates to a method for smoothing the surface of a gas turbine blade by means of a drag-grinding process in a first and in a second medium.
- the turbine blade is smoothed under a multi-axis motion.
- the turbine blade is attached to a rotatable and vertically tiltable mount, which in turn is attached to a rotating disk.
- the turbine bucket describes a kind of planetary movement, ie during rotation around a center it still turns around itself. In addition, the holder is still tilted.
- the US Pat. No. 7,048,613 B2 refers to a drag-grinding method for rotationally symmetrical workpieces, in particular car rims, in which a particularly high-gloss surface is produced.
- the workpiece is also processed by an overlay of movements, in particular in the form of a planetary movement, in an abrasive.
- a vertical movement may be superimposed.
- the US Pat. No. 7,063,594 B1 discloses a method for honing a cutting edge of a rotary cutting tool in which the cutting tool is immersed in a liquid bath of abrasive media.
- a relative movement of the cutting tool is generated with respect to the liquid bath with the abrasive media, so that the abrasive media flow over the cutting edge.
- the relative movement is realized in that in the bath, a liquid flow is generated and the cutting tool additionally rotates in the liquid flow around a rotation axis.
- the cutting tool can be additionally moved in the bathroom.
- the invention is based on the object, a method for Gleitspanen a working on at least one functional surface workpiece, wherein the workpiece in a working container containing abrasive or abrasive material is guided while exerting a relative movement to the grinding bodies or abrasives, wherein a movement trajectory describing the relative movement of the workpiece to the abrasive particles in the working container is determined taking into account a stress collective acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece, in which a uniform resetting of the at least one accessible functional surface takes place, and in which the workpiece is relatively moved relative to the abrasive particles in the working container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory in such a way that the material separation process taking place in particular on the at least one functional surface can be carried out in a predefined manner without having to run the high cost of empirical preliminary tests.
- the aftertreatment of high-precision components in the context of a Gleitspanvorganges with improved efficiency and improved predictable accuracy with regard to the quantity of a material separation to be carried out on the workpiece surface.
- the workpiece and in particular the functional surface of the workpiece to be machined with a fixed predetermined and adapted to the respective free-form surface of the functional surface trajectory by containing the grinding wheels or abrasive working container so as to ensure that the abrasive bodies or abrasives contained in the process vessel, which interact with the workpiece surface, perform a defined predetermined relative movement with respect to the direction and magnitude of the velocity vectors attributable to the abrasive bodies or abrasives.
- machining of the functional surfaces of a particular workpiece which contribute significantly to the intended use of the workpiece as well as its life and function.
- an example is a turbine blade of a flow-rotating machine whose intended function is, for example, to transmit a torque to a shaft by using a fluid flow.
- the fluid flow directly exposed pressure and suction side of the turbine blade which constitute the functional surfaces of the turbine blades in the sense described above.
- this means that the turbine bucket with its turbine bucket blade is to be moved along a predefined path of travel through the work vessel containing the abrasive articles or abrasive articles, so that the abrasive articles or abrasive media will contact the suction and pressure surfaces of the turbine bucket in the same manner flow around as the deflected in the intended use of the turbine blade fluid flow.
- a kinematics system is required on which the workpiece to be machined is attached and which is used to execute a corresponding individual trajectory be able to.
- the kinematics system has to ensure that, by means of a corresponding synchronized kinematic coupling of different degrees of freedom of movement, the abrasive bodies or abrasives interacting with the respective functional surfaces within the working container during the entire process Postprocessing process with respect to their velocity vectors in magnitude and direction relative to the functional surface to be processed remain largely the same.
- the fine machining of a workpiece having at least one functional surface by means of a sliding chip process in which the workpiece is guided in a grinding container or abrasive containing working container by exerting a relative movement to the abrasive particles, is characterized by the following method steps: First, there is a Surface form of at least one functional area descriptive numerical data set to provide. If the workpiece to be reworked has been produced in the context of a computer-controlled machine process, the 3D design data describing the surface shape of the entire workpiece are already available, which can be used as a basis for the method according to the invention.
- metrological methods are available for detecting the three-dimensional shape of the workpiece to be reworked, such as, for example, optical or tactile scanning methods.
- Laser scanning methods that are available on the market in a variety of ways for detecting three-dimensional body shapes are particularly preferred for this purpose.
- a trajectory curve or movement trajectory describing the relative movement of the workpiece relative to the abrasive particles in the work container taking into account a stress collective acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece.
- this applies to the overflow process, in which the grinding bodies or abrasives flow over the at least one functional surface of the workpiece to be machined, at least with respect to the overflow direction to the real overflow process, in which the turbine blade is flowed around by a fluid flow, largely adapt.
- a kinematic system for example in the form of a robot or a machine tool system, which is capable of deflecting the workpiece by at least two rotational degrees of freedom of movement and by at least one translational degree of freedom of movement.
- the kinematics system has a manipulator end region on which a fastening device is provided, on which the workpiece can be clamped.
- a control system provides for a precise control of the kinematics system for carrying out the movement trajectory adapted to the surface geometry of the at least one functional surface of the workpiece within the working container containing the grinding wheels or abrasives.
- the movement trajectory it is therefore necessary to take into account the geometric data of the workpiece to be machined, in particular the at least one functional surface with the technology data of the workpiece with respect to its intended use.
- the movement parameters ie the movement trajectory or the trajectories and the speeds with which the respective workpiece is moved along a trajectory through the working container holding the grinding bodies or abrasives.
- the solution-controlled web-controlled sliding cutting leads to a series of positive effects:
- direction-dependent processing textures can be generated on the functional surfaces of the respective workpiece without unduly changing the dimensional and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.
- FIG. 1 is a knee endoprosthesis 1 shown in two different views, which has a barrel-shaped knee joint surface 2, the bidirectional rolling movements within a corresponding gegenkonturiert trained joint pan when used as intended, see also the in FIG. 1 indicated arrows, executes.
- the knee endoprosthesis is fixed over the shaft 3 in a corresponding joint bone area.
- the knee endoprosthesis 1 is fastened in the region of the shaft 3 to a manipulator arm of a robot (not shown), which preferably completely dips the knee endoprosthesis 1 into a working container containing the grinding wheels or abrasives and performs a bidirectional rolling movement characterized by the arrow representation.
- the abrasive particles or abrasive move along the functional surface 2 in the same manner in which the knee endoprosthesis 1 is exposed to the natural dynamic load pattern in the implanted state.
- FIG. 2 the already explained example of a turbine blade is illustrated, which according to left image representation in FIG. 2 has an airfoil 4, which has a suction side 5 and 6 pressure side.
- the turbine blade 4 is immersed over the entire turbine blade length L in the grinding or abrasive containing working container and following along in the right image representation according to FIG. 2 dashed lines indicated spiral trainedutzsstrajektorie 7 moves.
- the concept of the invention of the web-controlled sliding chip is based on exposing the turbine blade to be machined to an abrasive flow of abrasive article or abrasive such that fluidically constant conditions are established on the turbine blade surface.
- FIGS. 4a, b, c different angles of attack for a concrete turbine blade profile are shown.
- the basic rule is that each blade profile has a geometric angle at which it provides no buoyancy.
- FIGS. 4a to c illustrated different Anstellgeometrien for the turbine blade profile is the so-called zero buoyancy line in FIG. 4b shown.
- a negative angle of attack to the surrounding flow must be set, as in FIG. 4 a is shown.
- the buoyancy or downforce on the profile cross-section represents a complex interplay of friction-laden body flow and boundary layer influences. Therefore, the calculation of velocity, streamline and pressure distribution is mainly done with simulation programs.
- the web speed, the angle of attack and the trajectory are dependent on the viscosity or abrasiveness of the grinding wheels.
- load collectives are formed in dependence of a trajectory by means of flow simulations in such a way that pressure and flow velocity are set constant along the functional surfaces.
- the integral of pressure and speed remains constant over time and place.
- the aim of a simulation is the determination of a trajectory for which the stated conditions are met.
- the helical path is a possible solution.
- either a robot or a correspondingly designed machine tool system can be used, in which the rotation of the workpiece 4 is synchronized for rotation about a main axis of rotation M, so that the flow conditions of the grinding bodies or abrasives within the working container along the suction and pressure side of the turbine blade are largely the same.
- FIG. 3 is the tail of a twist drill 8 shown, the helically encircling flute 9, which represents the characteristic of the twist drill 8 functional surface.
- a movement trajectory for the twist drill 8 is thus a synchronized dipping movement with a workpiece rotation around the drill longitudinal axis so, so that the flute 9 undergoes a uniform flow and overflow of abrasive particles within the working container.
- an upward movement is performed with an opposite spindle rotation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Gleitspanen eines über wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche verfügenden Werkstücks, bei dem das Werkstück in einem Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter unter Ausübung einer Relativbewegung zu den Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln geführt wird, bei dem eine die Relativbewegung des Werkstücks zu den Schleifpartikeln im Arbeitsbehälter beschreibende Bewegungstrajektorie unter Berücksichtigung eines auf die wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Werkstückes einwirkenden Beanspruchungskollektivs ermittelt wird, bei dem ein gleichmäßiges Zurücksetzen der wenigstens einen zugänglichen Funktionsfläche erfolgt, und bei dem das Werkstück zu den Schleifpartikeln im Arbeitsbehälter unter Zugrundelegen der ermittelten Bewegungstrajektorie relativ bewegt wird,The invention relates to a method for sliding cutting a workpiece having at least one functional surface, in which the workpiece is guided in a grinding container or abrasive containing working container while exerting a relative movement to the grinding wheels or abrasives, in which a relative movement of the workpiece to the abrasive particles in the working container descriptive movement trajectory under consideration of acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece load collective is determined in which a uniform reset of at least one accessible functional surface, and in which the workpiece relative to the abrasive particles in the working container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory is moved,
Zur Oberflächenformgestaltung von Werkstücken aus Konstruktionswerkstoffen, wie beispielsweise Metalle, keramische Werkstoffe oder Kunststoffe, die überdies über Freiformflächen verfügen, werden häufig spanende Verfahren mit geometrisch bestimmter Schneide, beispielsweise Drehen, Fräsen, Bohren, Hobeln oder Sägen eingesetzt. Prozessbedingt entstehen an den bearbeiteten Werkstückseiten, beispielsweise im Wege des Freiformfräsens, rillige Oberflächen mit einer Gestaltabweichung dritter Ordnung gemäß DIN 4760, die jedoch bei hochbeanspruchten Präzisionsbauteilen, wie beispielsweise Triebwerkskomponenten, Gelenkendoprothesen, Dentalimplantaten etc. nicht zulässig sind. Vielmehr sind bei derartigen Werkstücken mit Freiformflächen Gestaltabweichungen von wenigstens vierter oder fünfter Ordnung nach DIN 4760 akzeptabel. Aus diesem Grund ist es erforderlich, dass derartige Werkstücke im Anschluss an die makroskopische Bearbeitung einem Feinbearbeitungsprozess nachträglich zu unterziehen sind, bei dem es darauf zu achten gilt, die Rilligkeit auf der jeweiligen Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks zu beseitigen und dabei eine erforderliche Oberflächenrauheit mit einer Gestaltabweichung vierter oder fünfter Ordnung zu erzeugen und zugleich die Makrogeometrie der jeweiligen Funktionsfläche selbst nicht unzulässig stark zu beeinträchtigen.For the surface shaping of workpieces made of construction materials, such as metals, ceramic materials or plastics, which also have free-form surfaces, often cutting processes are used with geometrically defined cutting edge, such as turning, milling, drilling, planing or sawing. Due to the process caused on the machined workpiece sides, for example by way of free-form milling, rillige surfaces with a shape deviation third order according to DIN 4760, but in highly stressed precision components, such as Engine components, joint endoprostheses, dental implants, etc. are not allowed. Rather, in such workpieces with free-form surfaces shape deviations of at least fourth or fifth order according to DIN 4760 acceptable. For this reason, it is necessary that such workpieces be subsequently subjected to a finishing process subsequent to the macroscopic processing, in which care must be taken to eliminate the groove on the respective functional surface of the workpiece and thereby a required surface roughness with a shape deviation fourth or to produce fifth order and at the same time not unduly restrict the macrogeometry of the respective functional surface itself.
Zur Feinbearbeitung der vorstehend beschriebenen Werkstücke bietet sich gemäß DIN 8589-17 das sogenannte Gleitspanen an, bei dem zwischen Werkstücken und einer Vielzahl von losen Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln unregelmäßige Relativbewegungen stattfinden, die die Spanabnahme bewirken. Beispielsweise liegen beim Gleitschleifen Werkstücke und Schleifkörper als lose Schüttung in einem Arbeitsbehälter vor, der durch oszillierende und/oder rotierende Bewegungen einen abrasiven Effekt an der Werkstückoberfläche hervorruft. Durch die Zugabe von Zusatzmitteln als wässrige Lösung kann der Abtrennprozess positiv beeinflusst werden.For fine machining of the workpieces described above, according to DIN 8589-17 offers the so-called Gleitspanen on, take place between the workpieces and a variety of loose grinding wheels or abrasives irregular relative movements that cause the chip removal. For example, in the case of vibratory finishing, workpieces and grinding bodies are present as loose fill in a working container which causes an abrasive effect on the workpiece surface due to oscillating and / or rotating movements. By adding additives as an aqueous solution, the separation process can be positively influenced.
Je nach geometrischer Beschaffenheit, Abmaße und Werkstoffspezifikation des Werkstücks und Zielgrößen der Bearbeitung werden die Gleitspanmittel ausgewählt, die in unterschiedlichen Formen, Größen, Materialien und Zusammensetzungen vorliegen. In der Anwendung werden Schleifmittel und Schleifkörper unterschieden, die im Arbeitsbehälter in einer wässrige Lösungen oder Suspension vorliegen können. Dabei stellen Schleifmittel abrasive Schleifkörnungen und Naturstoffe dar, während in Schleifkörpern Abrasivkörnungen in einem Bindungssystem (keramisch, kunstoffgebunden etc.) als Volumenkörper vorliegen.Depending on the geometry, dimensions, and material specification of the workpiece and machining targets, the slip-pasting agents are selected, which are available in various shapes, sizes, materials, and compositions. In the application, a distinction is made between abrasives and abrasive particles, which can be present in the working container in an aqueous solution or suspension. Abrasive grains are present in a bonding system (ceramic, plastic-bonded, etc.) as a solid in abrasives abrasive abrasive grains and natural products.
Unter den Gleitspanverfahren (Gleitschleifen, Gleitläppen) haben sich eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Verfahrenstechniken etabliert, die sich in Bezug auf die Erzeugung der Relativbewegung zwischen den Schleifmitteln und den zu bearbeitenden Werkstücken unterscheiden. Neben dem Trommelgleitspanen, Vibrationsgleitspanen, Fliehkraftgleitspanen hebt sich das sogenannte Tauchgleitspanen dadurch ab, dass Werkstücke nicht wie bei den genannten Verfahrenstypen als Schüttgut gemeinsam mit den Schleifmitteln innerhalb des Arbeitsbehälters vorliegen, sondern kollisionsfrei bearbeitet werden. Hierfür dient ein rotierendes Trägerkarussell, das mit mehreren, typischerweise von bis zu 12 drehenden Spindeln bestückt ist, an denen einzelne Werkstücke getrennt voneinander befestigt werden. Für die Erzeugung der Relativbewegung zwischen Werkstück und Schleifmittel wird das gesamte mit den daran befestigten Werkstücken bestückte Trägerkarussell in das Schleifmittelbad eingetaucht und in Rotation versetzt. Aufgrund der Kinematik ist das Verfahren ebenso als Schleppschleifen bekannt. Je nach gewählter Eintauchtiefe des Trägerkarussells in den Arbeitsbehälter sowie in Abhängigkeit der gewählten Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten sämtlicher durch das Trägerkarussell sowie den daran angebrachten Spindeln durchführbaren Drehbewegungen wird eine bis zu 40fach höhere Zerspanleistung an den Werkstücken erzielt als es bei den vorher genannten Gleitschleifverfahren möglich ist.Among the sliding chip methods (vibratory grinding, sliding lapping), a number of different process techniques have been established which relate to production distinguish the relative movement between the abrasives and the workpieces to be machined. In addition to the Trommelgleitspanen, Vibrationsgleitspanen, centrifugal sliding, the so-called Tauchgleitspanen stands out by the fact that workpieces are not present as the bulk material together with the abrasives within the working container as in the above types of processes, but are machined without collision. For this purpose, a rotating carrier carousel, which is equipped with several, typically of up to 12 rotating spindles, where individual workpieces are attached separately. For generating the relative movement between the workpiece and the abrasive material, the entire carrier carousel equipped with the workpieces attached thereto is immersed in the abrasive bath and set in rotation. Due to the kinematics, the method is also known as drag loops. Depending on the selected depth of immersion of the carousel in the working container and in dependence on the selected rotational speeds of all through the carousel and the spindle mounted rotatable rotations up to 40 times higher cutting power is achieved on the workpieces as it is possible in the aforementioned vibratory finishing.
In der
Aus der
Die
Die
Die
In allen bekannten Schleppschleifvorgängen erfolgt die Auswahl sowohl der Maschinenbetriebsparameter, wie beispielsweise Eintauchtiefen, Orbitalbewegungen, Drehzahlverhältnis, Bahnverhältnis als auch die Verwendung eines geeigneten Gleitschleifmittels ausschließlich auf Basis empirisch ermittelter Kenntnisse, die zum Teil durch aufwendige Voruntersuchungen gewonnen werden. Trotz aller bisherigen Bemühungen zur Ermittlung möglichst optimaler Bearbeitungsparameter ist es aufgrund der bisherigen Bearbeitungspraxis systembedingt nicht möglich, im Rahmen einer geschlossenen analytischen Modellbildung quantitative Aussagen über an einem Werkstück lokal und ortsaufgelöst auftretenden abrasiven Materialabtrennprozess im Voraus zu treffen, zumal die Geschwindigkeitsvektoren der sich längs zur Werkstückoberfläche bewegenden Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel in Betrag und Richtung einer ständigen Änderung unterliegen.In all known Schleppschleifvorgängen the selection of both the machine operating parameters, such as immersion depths, orbital motions, speed ratio, track ratio and the use of a suitable vibratory grinding based exclusively on empirically determined knowledge, which are obtained in part by extensive preliminary investigations. Despite all efforts to identify the best possible Processing parameters, it is due to the previous processing practice systematically not possible to make in a closed analytical modeling quantitative statements on a workpiece locally and spatially resolved abrasive material separation process in advance, especially as the velocity vectors of moving along the workpiece surface grinding wheels or abrasive in magnitude and direction subject to constant change.
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Gleitspanen eines über wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche verfügenden Werkstücks, bei dem das Werkstück in einem Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter unter Ausübung einer Relativbewegung zu den Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln geführt wird, bei dem eine die Relativbewegung des Werkstücks zu den Schleifpartikeln im Arbeitsbehälter beschreibende Bewegungstrajektorie unter Berücksichtigung eines auf die wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Werkstückes einwirkenden Beanspruchungskollektivs ermittelt wird, bei dem ein gleichmäßiges Zurücksetzen der wenigstens einen zugänglichen Funktionsfläche erfolgt, und bei dem das Werkstück zu den Schleifpartikeln im Arbeitsbehälter unter Zugrundelegen der ermittelten Bewegungstrajektorie relativ bewegt wird, derart weiterzubilden, dass der insbesondere an der wenigstens einen Funktionsfläche erfolgende Materialabtrennprozess in vordefinierter Weise durchgeführt werden kann, ohne den hohen Aufwand empirischer Vorversuche betreiben zu müssen. Mit dem lösungsgemäßen Verfahren sowie der lösungsgemäßen Vorrichtung soll die Nachbehandlung von Hochpräzisionsbauteilen im Rahmen eines Gleitspanvorganges mit verbesserter Effizienz und verbesserter voraus bestimmbarer Genauigkeit im Hinblick auf die Quantität eines vorzunehmenden Materialabtrennung an der Werkstückoberfläche erfolgen.The invention is based on the object, a method for Gleitspanen a working on at least one functional surface workpiece, wherein the workpiece in a working container containing abrasive or abrasive material is guided while exerting a relative movement to the grinding bodies or abrasives, wherein a movement trajectory describing the relative movement of the workpiece to the abrasive particles in the working container is determined taking into account a stress collective acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece, in which a uniform resetting of the at least one accessible functional surface takes place, and in which the workpiece is relatively moved relative to the abrasive particles in the working container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory in such a way that the material separation process taking place in particular on the at least one functional surface can be carried out in a predefined manner without having to run the high cost of empirical preliminary tests. With the method according to the solution and the device according to the invention, the aftertreatment of high-precision components in the context of a Gleitspanvorganges with improved efficiency and improved predictable accuracy with regard to the quantity of a material separation to be carried out on the workpiece surface.
Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe ist im Anspruch 1 angegeben. Den lösungsgemäßen Gedanken vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der weiteren Beschreibung insbesondere unter Bezugnahme auf die Ausführungsbeispiele zu entnehmen.The solution of the problem underlying the invention is specified in
Um das Bearbeitungsergebnis der mittels eines Gleitspanvorganges nachzubearbeitenden Werkstücke insbesondere im Bereich ihrer technischen Funktionsflächen in voraus bestimmbarer Weise angeben und entsprechend beeinflussen zu können, ist es wünschenswert, die an dem jeweiligen Werkstück vorzunehmenden Materialabtrennungen vor Durchführung des eigentlichen Gleitspanvorganges im Rahmen einer analytischen Modellierung zu untersuchen und quantitativ zu bestimmen. Für eine exakte numerische Modellierung des Gleitspanvorganges gilt es weitgehend jegliche Art von statistischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den in dem Arbeitsbehälter enthaltenen Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln und der zu bearbeitenden Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks, wie dies bei sämtlichen in der Praxis angewandten Gleitspanvorgängen der Fall ist, zu vermeiden. Lösungsgemäß ist erkannt worden, dass für einen vordefinierbaren, quantitativ erfassbaren abrasiven Abtrennprozess an einem Werkstück das Werkstück und insbesondere die jeweils zu bearbeitende Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks mit einer fest vorgegebenen und an die jeweilige Freiformfläche der Funktionsfläche angepassten Bahnkurve durch den die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltende Arbeitsbehälter zu bewegen, so dass gewährleistet ist, dass die im Arbeitsbehälter enthaltenden Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel, die mit der Werkstückoberfläche in Wechselwirkung treten, eine definiert vorgegebene Relativbewegung im Hinblick auf Richtung und Betrag der den Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln zuordenbaren Geschwindigkeitsvektoren vollziehen.In order to be able to specify the machining result of the workpieces to be reworked by means of a sliding chip process, in particular in the area of their technical functional surfaces, and to influence them accordingly, it is desirable to investigate the material separations to be carried out on the respective workpiece prior to carrying out the actual sliding chip process as part of an analytical modeling and to be determined quantitatively. For an exact numerical modeling of the sliding chip process, there is largely any kind of statistical interaction between the grinding bodies contained in the working container or abrasives and the functional surface of the workpiece to be machined, as is the case with all the sliding chips used in practice. According to the solution, it has been recognized that for a predefinable, quantitatively detectable abrasive removal process on a workpiece, the workpiece and in particular the functional surface of the workpiece to be machined with a fixed predetermined and adapted to the respective free-form surface of the functional surface trajectory by containing the grinding wheels or abrasive working container so as to ensure that the abrasive bodies or abrasives contained in the process vessel, which interact with the workpiece surface, perform a defined predetermined relative movement with respect to the direction and magnitude of the velocity vectors attributable to the abrasive bodies or abrasives.
Von besonderem Interesse ist die Bearbeitung der Funktionsflächen eines jeweiligen Werkstücks, die maßgeblich zum bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Werkstücks sowie zu dessen Lebensdauer und Funktion beitragen. Zur Verdeutlichung dessen sei als Beispiel eine Turbinenschaufel einer Strömungsrotationsmaschine genannt, deren bestimmungsgemäße Funktion bspw. darin besteht, unter Nutzung einer Fluidströmung ein Drehmoment auf eine Welle zu übertragen. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für die technische Funktion einer derartigen Turbinenschaufel sind die der Fluidströmung unmittelbar ausgesetzte Druck- und Saugseite des Turbinenschaufelblattes, die im vorstehend beschriebenen Sinne die Funktionsflächen der Turbinenschaufeln darstellen.Of particular interest is the machining of the functional surfaces of a particular workpiece, which contribute significantly to the intended use of the workpiece as well as its life and function. To illustrate this, an example is a turbine blade of a flow-rotating machine whose intended function is, for example, to transmit a torque to a shaft by using a fluid flow. Of crucial importance for the technical function of such a turbine blade are the fluid flow directly exposed pressure and suction side of the turbine blade, which constitute the functional surfaces of the turbine blades in the sense described above.
Lösungsgemäß ist erkannt worden, dass ein definierter und gleichmäßig abrasiver Abtrennprozess längs einer Funktionsfläche eines Werkstücks selbst an komplex konturierten Freiformfunktionsflächen erhalten wird, sofern die wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks innerhalb des Arbeitsbehälters mit den Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmitteln derart in Wechselwirkung tritt, dass die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel relativ zu der wenigstens einen Funktionsfläche in eine Raumrichtung oder entgegengesetzt zu der Raumrichtung bewegt werden, längs der die Funktionsfläche im bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch des Werkstücks ausgelenkt wird und/oder mit einem dritten Körper oder einem Stoffstrom in Wechselwirkung tritt.According to the solution, it has been recognized that a defined and uniformly abrasive removal process is obtained along a functional surface of a workpiece even on complexly contoured free-form functional surfaces, provided that the at least one functional surface of the workpiece within the working container interacts with the grinding bodies or abrasives in such a way that the grinding bodies or abrasives relative to the at least one functional surface are moved in a spatial direction or opposite to the spatial direction, along which the functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece is deflected and / or interacts with a third body or a stream.
In Bezug auf die vorstehend beispielhaft erläuterte Turbinenschaufel bedeutet dies, dass die Turbinenschaufel mit ihrem Turbinenschaufelblatt längs einer vordefinierten Bewegungsbahn durch den die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltene Arbeitsbehälter zu bewegen ist, so dass die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel die Saug- und Druckfläche der Turbinenschaufel in der gleichen Weise umströmen wie die im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch von der Turbinenschaufel abgelenkte Fluidströmung.With respect to the turbine bucket exemplified above, this means that the turbine bucket with its turbine bucket blade is to be moved along a predefined path of travel through the work vessel containing the abrasive articles or abrasive articles, so that the abrasive articles or abrasive media will contact the suction and pressure surfaces of the turbine bucket in the same manner flow around as the deflected in the intended use of the turbine blade fluid flow.
Da die Qualität und Abtrennleistung des auf einer abrasiven Wechselwirkung zwischen den Schleifkörpern oder Schleifmittel und der Turbinenschaufeloberfläche beruhenden Gleitspanprozesses von Einstellparametern wie lokale Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Druck und Strömungsbild, d.h. laminar oder turbulent, im Wesentlichen abhängt, gilt es für einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Abtrennprozess an der gesamten Turbinenschaufeloberfläche die Geschwindigkeits- und Druckvektoren der sich längs zur Turbinenschaufeloberfläche bewegenden Schleifkörper und Schleifmittel in Betrag und Richtung weitgehend gleich zu wählen. Für die Bearbeitung beliebig komplexer Flächen werden Belastungskollektive dergestalt gebildet, dass diese Voraussetzung erfüllt ist.Since the quality and severance performance of the sliding chip process based on abrasive interaction between the abrasive articles or abrasive article and the turbine blade surface is dependent on adjustment parameters such as local flow velocity, pressure and flow pattern, i. laminar or turbulent, substantially dependent, it is for a uniform separation process on the entire turbine blade surface, the speed and pressure vectors of the moving longitudinally to the turbine blade surface grinding wheels and abrasives in magnitude and direction to choose largely the same. For the processing of arbitrarily complex surfaces, load collectives are formed in such a way that this requirement is met.
Zur Realisierung einer derart in Abhängigkeit von der Formgebung der Funktionsfläche und deren bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch bestimmten Bewegungsbahn bzw. Bewegungstrajektorie durch den die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltende Arbeitsbehälter bedarf es eines Kinematiksystems, an dem das jeweils zu bearbeitende Werkstück angebracht ist und das zur Ausführung einer entsprechenden individuellen Bewegungsbahn in der Lage ist. Insbesondere gilt es seitens des Kinematiksystems dafür zu sorgen, dass durch eine entsprechende synchronisierte kinematische Kopplung verschiedener Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade die mit den jeweiligen Funktionsflächen in Wechselwirkung tretenden Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel innerhalb des Arbeitsbehälters während des gesamten Nachbearbeitungsprozesses im Hinblick auf ihre Geschwindigkeitsvektoren in Betrag und Richtung relativ zu der zu bearbeitenden Funktionsfläche weitgehend gleich bleiben.In order to realize such a movement trajectory or movement trajectory determined by the grinding wheel or abrasive containing working container, depending on the shape of the functional surface and its intended use, a kinematics system is required on which the workpiece to be machined is attached and which is used to execute a corresponding individual trajectory be able to. In particular, the kinematics system has to ensure that, by means of a corresponding synchronized kinematic coupling of different degrees of freedom of movement, the abrasive bodies or abrasives interacting with the respective functional surfaces within the working container during the entire process Postprocessing process with respect to their velocity vectors in magnitude and direction relative to the functional surface to be processed remain largely the same.
Das lösungsgemäße Feinbearbeiten eines über wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche verfügenden Werkstücks, im Wege eines Gleitspanvorganges, bei dem das Werkstück in einem Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter unter Ausübung einer Relativbewegung zu den Schleifpartikeln geführt wird, zeichnet sich lösungsgemäß durch folgende Verfahrensschritte aus: Zunächst gilt es einen die Oberflächenform der wenigstens einen Funktionsfläche beschreibenden numerischen Datensatz bereitzustellen. Ist das nachzubearbeitende Werkstück im Rahmen eines computergesteuerten Maschinenprozesses hergestellt worden, so liegen bereits die, die Oberflächenform des gesamten Werkstücks beschreibenden 3D-Konstruktionsdaten vor, die dem lösungsgemäßen Verfahren im weiteren zugrunde gelegt werden können. Sind derartige numerische 3D-Konstruktionsdaten nicht vorrätig, so stehen messtechnische Verfahren zur Erfassung der dreidimensionalen Gestalt des nachzubearbeitenden Werkstücks zur Verfügung, wie beispielsweise optische oder taktile Abtastverfahren. Insbesondere eignen sich hierzu besonders bevorzugt Laserscanverfahren, die in vielfältiger Weise zur Erfassung dreidimensionaler Körperformen auf dem Markt verfügbar sind.In accordance with the solution, the fine machining of a workpiece having at least one functional surface, by means of a sliding chip process in which the workpiece is guided in a grinding container or abrasive containing working container by exerting a relative movement to the abrasive particles, is characterized by the following method steps: First, there is a Surface form of at least one functional area descriptive numerical data set to provide. If the workpiece to be reworked has been produced in the context of a computer-controlled machine process, the 3D design data describing the surface shape of the entire workpiece are already available, which can be used as a basis for the method according to the invention. If such 3D numerical design data is not in stock, metrological methods are available for detecting the three-dimensional shape of the workpiece to be reworked, such as, for example, optical or tactile scanning methods. Laser scanning methods that are available on the market in a variety of ways for detecting three-dimensional body shapes are particularly preferred for this purpose.
In einem nächsten Schritt gilt es, eine die Relativbewegung des Werkstücks zu den Schleifpartikeln im Arbeitsbehälter beschreibende Bewegungsbahnkurve bzw. Bewegungstrajektorie zu ermitteln und dies unter Berücksichtigung eines auf die wenigstens eine Funktionsfläche im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Werkstücks einwirkenden Beanspruchungskollektivs. Wie bereits in Verbindung mit dem vorstehend erwähnten Beispiel zur Nachbehandlung einer Turbinenschaufel erläutert, gilt es hierbei den Überströmungsvorgang, bei dem die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel über die wenigstens eine nachzubearbeitende Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks überströmen, zumindest in Bezug auf die Überströmungsrichtung an den realen Überströmungsvorgang, bei dem die Turbinenschaufel von einer Fluidströmung umströmt wird, weitgehend anzupassen.In a next step, it is necessary to determine a trajectory curve or movement trajectory describing the relative movement of the workpiece relative to the abrasive particles in the work container, taking into account a stress collective acting on the at least one functional surface in the intended use of the workpiece. As already explained in connection with the above-mentioned example for the aftertreatment of a turbine blade, this applies to the overflow process, in which the grinding bodies or abrasives flow over the at least one functional surface of the workpiece to be machined, at least with respect to the overflow direction to the real overflow process, in which the turbine blade is flowed around by a fluid flow, largely adapt.
Insbesondere bei Funktionsflächen, die im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch bidirektional ausgelenkt oder mit einem Körper oder einem Stoffstrom in Wechselwirkung treten, ist es möglich, die nachzubearbeitende Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks innerhalb des die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter längs einer Bewegungstrajektorie bidirektional, d.h. vorwärts und rückwärts, auszulenken.Particularly in the case of functional surfaces which are bi-directionally deflected or interact with a body or material stream in intended use, it is possible to bidirectively, within a movement trajectory, the functional surface of the workpiece to be reworked within the working container containing the abrasive bodies or abrasives. forward and backward, to deflect.
Schließlich gilt es, nach Ermittlung der für das Werkstück typischen Bewegungstrajektorie das Werkstück innerhalb des Arbeitsbehälters unter Zugrundelegung der ermittelten Bewegungstrajektorie auszulenken. Dies erfolgt in lösungsgemäßer Weise mit einem Kinematiksystem, beispielsweise in Form eines Roboters oder eines Werkzeugmaschinensystems, das in der Lage ist, das Werkstück um mindestens zwei rotatorische Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade und um mindestens einen translatorischen Bewegungsfreiheitsgrad auszulenken. Das Kinematiksystem weist hierzu einen Manipulatorendbereich auf, an dem eine Befestigungsvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, an der das Werkstück eingespannt werden kann. Ein Steuersystem sorgt für eine präzise Ansteuerung des Kinematiksystems zur Durchführung der an die Oberflächengeometrie der wenigstens einen Funktionsfläche des Werkstücks angepassten Bewegungstrajektorie innerhalb des die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenen Arbeitsbehälters.Finally, after determining the movement trajectory typical for the workpiece, it is necessary to deflect the workpiece within the working container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory. This is done in a solution-like manner with a kinematic system, for example in the form of a robot or a machine tool system, which is capable of deflecting the workpiece by at least two rotational degrees of freedom of movement and by at least one translational degree of freedom of movement. For this purpose, the kinematics system has a manipulator end region on which a fastening device is provided, on which the workpiece can be clamped. A control system provides for a precise control of the kinematics system for carrying out the movement trajectory adapted to the surface geometry of the at least one functional surface of the workpiece within the working container containing the grinding wheels or abrasives.
Zur Ermittlung der Bewegungstrajektorie gilt es demzufolge, die Geometriedaten des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks, insbesondere der wenigstens einen Funktionsfläche mit den Technologiedaten des Werkstückes im Hinblick auf dessen bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch zu berücksichtigen. Mit Hilfe eines sogenannten Inferenzalgorithmus lassen sich die Bewegungsparameter, d.h. die Bewegungstrajektorie bzw. die Bahnkurven sowie die Geschwindigkeiten, mit denen das jeweilige Werkstück längs einer Bahnkurve durch den die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter bewegt wird, bestimmen. Das lösungsgemäße bahngesteuerte Gleitspanen führt zu einer Reihe positiver Effekte: So lassen sich durch die Ermittlung vorab definierter Bewegungstrajektorien, längs der die Funktionsflächen eines nachzubehandelnden Werkstücks innerhalb des die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenen Arbeitsbehälters bewegt werden, definierte und gleichmäßige abrasive Materialabtrennungen erzielen. Ferner ist es möglich, das Maß der Materialabtrennung selbst an komplex konturierten Freiformflächen quantitativ exakt einzustellen.To determine the movement trajectory, it is therefore necessary to take into account the geometric data of the workpiece to be machined, in particular the at least one functional surface with the technology data of the workpiece with respect to its intended use. With the aid of a so-called inference algorithm, the movement parameters, ie the movement trajectory or the trajectories and the speeds with which the respective workpiece is moved along a trajectory through the working container holding the grinding bodies or abrasives, can be determined. The solution-controlled web-controlled sliding cutting leads to a series of positive effects: Thus, by determining predefined movement trajectories, along which the functional surfaces of a workpiece to be post-treated are moved within the working container containing the grinding wheels or abrasive, achieve defined and uniform abrasive material separations. Furthermore, it is possible to set the degree of material separation quantitatively exactly even on complexly contoured free-form surfaces.
Ferner ist durch die Ermittlung werkstückabhängiger Bewegungstrajektorien eine analytische Modellableitung jeweils ortsaufgelöster Materialabtrennverhältnisse möglich. Derartige Modelle erhöhen sowohl die Reproduzierbarkeit als auch die Vorhersagbarkeit von Arbeitsergebnissen. Des Weiteren reduziert die Einführung analytischer Modelle deutlich den Aufwand für Voruntersuchungen bei der Prozessauslegung neuer Bearbeitungsaufgaben.Furthermore, the determination of workpiece-dependent movement trajectories enables an analytical model derivation of respectively spatially resolved material separation conditions. Such models increase both the reproducibility and the predictability of work results. Furthermore, the introduction of analytical models significantly reduces the effort required for preliminary investigations in the process design of new processing tasks.
Schließlich können gezielt richtungsabhängige Bearbeitungstexturen auf den Funktionsflächen des jeweiligen Werkstücks erzeugt werden, ohne dabei die Maß- und Formgenauigkeit des Werkstücks unzulässig zu verändern.Finally, direction-dependent processing textures can be generated on the functional surfaces of the respective workpiece without unduly changing the dimensional and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen exemplarisch beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Illustration einer Bewegungstrajektorie an einem als Knieendoprothese ausgebildeten Werkstücks,
- Fig. 2
- Illustration der Bewegungstrajektorie für ein als Turbinenschaufel ausgebildetes Werkstück,
- Fig. 3
- Illustration einer Bewegungstrajektorie für ein als Spiralbohrer ausgebildetes Werkstück, sowie
- Fig. 4 a, b, c
- Illustration verschiedener Anstellwinkel einer Turbinenschaufel.
- Fig. 1
- Illustration of a movement trajectory on a workpiece designed as a knee endoprosthesis,
- Fig. 2
- Illustration of the movement trajectory for a workpiece designed as a turbine blade,
- Fig. 3
- Illustration of a movement trajectory for a trained as a twist drill workpiece, as well
- Fig. 4 a, b, c
- Illustration of different angles of attack of a turbine blade.
In
Zur Nachbehandlung der tonnenförmig gewölbten Kniegelenksfläche 2, die der nachzubehandelnden Funktionsfläche 2 entspricht, gilt es, die für das Kniegelenk typische Abrollbewegung innerhalb eines die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenen Arbeitsbehälters nachzubilden. Hierzu wird die Knieendoprothese 1 im Bereich des Schaftes 3 an einem nicht weiter dargestellten Manipulatorendarm eines Roboters befestigt, der die Knieendoprothese 1 in einen die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel enthaltenden Arbeitsbehälter vorzugsweise vollständig eintaucht und eine durch die Pfeildarstellung charakterisierte bidirektionale Abrollbewegung durchführt. Hierdurch bewegen sich die Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel längs zur Funktionsfläche 2 in der gleichen Art, in der die Knieendoprothese 1 im implantierten Zustand dem natürlichen dynamischen Belastungsmuster ausgesetzt ist.For the aftertreatment of the barrel-shaped curved knee joint surface 2, which corresponds to the functional area 2 to be treated, it is necessary to reproduce the typical rolling motion for the knee joint within a working container containing the grinding bodies or abrasives. For this purpose, the
Nicht notwendiger Weise ist es erforderlich, die gesamte Knieendoprothese 1 vollständig in den Arbeitsbehälter einzutauchen, lediglich gilt es dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass zumindest die Funktionsfläche 2 mit den Schleifpartikeln des Arbeitsbehälters in Wirkverbindung treten.It is not necessarily necessary to immerse the
In
Der Erfindungsgedanke des bahngesteuerten Gleitspanens beruht darauf, die zu bearbeitenden Turbinenschaufel dergestalt einer abrasiven Strömung aus Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel auszusetzen, dass sich strömungstechnisch konstante Bedingungen an der Turbinenschaufeloberfläche einstellen. Zur Verdeutlichung der spiralförmigen Bewegungstrajektorie sei auf folgendes verwiesen.The concept of the invention of the web-controlled sliding chip is based on exposing the turbine blade to be machined to an abrasive flow of abrasive article or abrasive such that fluidically constant conditions are established on the turbine blade surface. To clarify the spiral motion trajectory, reference is made to the following.
In den
Der Auftrieb bzw. Abtrieb am Profilquerschnitt stellt ein komplexes Wechselspiel aus reibungsbehafteter Körperumströmung und Grenzschichteinflüssen dar. Daher erfolgt die Berechnung von Geschwindigkeits-, Stromlinienverläufen und Druckverteilungen vorwiegend mit Simulationsprogrammen. Die Bahngeschwindigkeit, der Anstellwinkel sowie die Bahnkurve stehen in Abhängigkeit zur Viskosität bzw. Abrasivität der Schleifkörper.The buoyancy or downforce on the profile cross-section represents a complex interplay of friction-laden body flow and boundary layer influences. Therefore, the calculation of velocity, streamline and pressure distribution is mainly done with simulation programs. The web speed, the angle of attack and the trajectory are dependent on the viscosity or abrasiveness of the grinding wheels.
Für die Bearbeitung beliebig komplexer Flächen werden mithilfe von Strömungssimulationen Belastungskollektive in Abhängigkeit einer Bahnkurve dergestalt gebildet, dass Druck und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit entlang der Funktionsflächen konstant eingestellt sind. Das Integral von Druck und Geschwindigkeit bleibt über Ort und Zeit konstant. Ziel einer Simulation ist die Bestimmung einer Bahnkurve, für welche die genannten Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. Im Fall der Turbinenschaufel stellt die spiralförmige Bahn eine mögliche Lösung dar.For the processing of arbitrarily complex surfaces, load collectives are formed in dependence of a trajectory by means of flow simulations in such a way that pressure and flow velocity are set constant along the functional surfaces. The integral of pressure and speed remains constant over time and place. The aim of a simulation is the determination of a trajectory for which the stated conditions are met. In the case of the turbine blade, the helical path is a possible solution.
Zur Realisierung einer spiralförmigen Bewegungstrajektorie kann entweder ein Roboter- oder ein entsprechend ausgebildetes Werkzeugmaschinensystem eingesetzt werden, bei dem es gilt, die Rotation des Werkstücks 4 zur Rotation um einen Hauptdrehachse M derart zu synchronisieren, so dass die Strömungsbedingungen der Schleifkörper oder Schleifmittel innerhalb des Arbeitsbehälters längs der Saug- und Druckseite der Turbinenschaufel weitgehend gleich sind.For the realization of a helical movement trajectory, either a robot or a correspondingly designed machine tool system can be used, in which the rotation of the
In
Mit Hilfe des lösungsgemäßen bahngesteuerten Gleitspanens von Werkstücken mit Freiformflächen ist es überdies möglich, spezifische Oberflächentexturen mit Vorzugsrichtungen zu erzeugen. Darüber hinaus können Hochpräzisionsbauteile mit entsprechenden Freiformflächen ohne Beeinträchtigung der Maß- und Formgenauigkeit der jeweiligen Werkstücke mit präzise vorgebbaren Bearbeitungsparametern nachbearbeitet werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere Triebwerkskomponenten wie Turbinenschaufeln, Blisks sowie Impeller. Die Erzeugung von gezielt verrundeten Schneidkanten an Zerspanwerkzeugen, wie Fräs- und Drehwerkzeugen, kann ebenfalls über das bahngesteuerte Gleitspanen vorgenommen werden. Schließlich kommen als Hochpräzisionsbauteile auch Bauteile aus der Medizintechnik mit hohen Anteilen an Freiformflächen, beispielsweise Dental-, Hüft- oder Kniegelenksendoprothesen, in Frage.With the help of the solution-controlled web-controlled sliding chip of workpieces with free-form surfaces, it is also possible to produce specific surface textures with preferred directions. In addition, high-precision components with corresponding free-form surfaces without affecting the dimensional and form accuracy of the respective workpieces with precisely predetermined Machining parameters are edited. This applies in particular to engine components such as turbine blades, blisks and impellers. The production of purposefully rounded cutting edges on cutting tools, such as milling and turning tools, can also be made via the web-controlled sliding cutting. Finally, components of medical technology with high proportions of free-form surfaces, for example dental, hip or knee endoprostheses, come into consideration as high-precision components.
- 11
- Knieendoprotheseknee replacement
- 22
- Funktionsflächefunctional surface
- 33
- Schaftshaft
- 44
- Turbinenschaufelturbine blade
- 55
- Saugseitesuction
- 66
- Druckseitepressure side
- 77
- Sprialförmige BewegungstrajektorieSprial-shaped motion trajectory
- 88th
- Bohrerdrill
- 99
- Spannutflute
Claims (7)
- A method for finishing a workpiece having at least one functional surface in the manner of a sliding machining process, in which the workpiece is guided in a work container containing grinding bodies or grinding means, whilst performing a relative movement with respect to the grinding particles,- in which a movement trajectory describing the relative movement of the workpiece with respect to the grinding particles in the work container is determined, taking into account a collective load acting on the at least one functional surface during correct usage of the workpiece,- in which an even setting back of the at least one accessible functional surface takes place, and- in which the workpiece is moved relatively to the grinding particles in the work container on the basis of the determined movement trajectory, characterised by the following method steps:- providing a numerical dataset describing the surface shape of the at least one functional surface, and- establishing the movement trajectory by means of an inference algorithm in such a manner that the grinding bodies or grinding means of the work container coming into operative connection with the at least one functional surface remain substantially steady in terms of value and direction with reference to speed and pressure vectors of grinding bodies and grinding means moving along the at least one functional surface.
- The method according to claim 1,
characterised in that the provision of the numerical dataset describing the surface of the at least one functional surface takes place by means of measuring detection of at least the surface shape of the at least one functional surface. - The method according to claim 2,
characterised in that the measuring detection takes place by means of tactile or optical scanning of the surface shape of the at least one functional surface of the workpiece and in that the thereby-obtained measurement results are stored in the form of a numerical 3D dataset. - The method according to claim 1,
characterised in that, in the course of measuring detection or by means of 3D design data, the overall shape of the workpiece is obtained in the form of a numerical dataset, and
in that a numerical dataset portion, which describes the surface shape of the at least one functional surface, is selected from the numerical dataset. - The method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that the determination of the movement trajectory takes place in such a manner that the grinding bodies or grinding means coming into operative connection with the at least one functional surface are moved relatively to the at least one functional surface in one spatial direction or counter to the spatial direction, along which the functional surface is deflected during correct usage of the workpiece and/or comes into interaction with a third body or a material flow. - The method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the relative movement of the workpiece with respect to the grinding particles in the work container is carried out by means of a kinematic system, for the control of which, a movement path control is computed on the basis of inference algorithms. - The method according to claim 6,
characterised in that a robot arm or a machine-tool system is used as kinematic system, on which the workpiece to be treated is attached and which has at least two rotational and at least one translational degrees of freedom.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009024313A DE102009024313A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Method and device for sliding cutting a workpiece |
PCT/EP2010/003352 WO2010139468A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-06-02 | Method and device for barrel polishing a work piece |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2437917A1 EP2437917A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
EP2437917B1 true EP2437917B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
EP2437917B8 EP2437917B8 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
Family
ID=42668822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10722641.7A Not-in-force EP2437917B8 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-06-02 | Process and device for drag finishing a workpiece |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2437917B8 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009024313A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010139468A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011015750A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Otec Präzisionsfinish GmbH | Method for processing e.g. sharpening and polishing, of surface of workpiece, involves pivoting workpiece around two axes during surface treatment to change incident angle of granules and to provide desired effect to surface of workpiece |
US10406651B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2019-09-10 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Methods of vibro-treating and vibro-treating apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5251409A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-10-12 | Outboard Marine Corporation | Method of drag finishing a housing |
DE20005361U1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-06-15 | OTEC Präzisionsfinish GmbH, 75334 Straubenhardt | Workpiece holder for drag finishing machines |
EP1219389A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for smoothing the external surface of a gas turbine blade |
DE10221842A1 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-27 | Roesler Oberflaechentechnik Gm | polishing process |
US7063594B1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-06-20 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Cutting edge honing process |
DE102007032614A1 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Otec Präzisionsfinish GmbH | Object cutting and grinding procedure, especially for jewelry, involves moving object relative to material bath in movement comprised of three circular movements |
DE202008014605U1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2009-12-17 | Otec Präzisionsfinish GmbH | Clamping device for workpieces |
-
2009
- 2009-06-05 DE DE102009024313A patent/DE102009024313A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-06-02 WO PCT/EP2010/003352 patent/WO2010139468A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-06-02 EP EP10722641.7A patent/EP2437917B8/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2437917A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2010139468A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
EP2437917B8 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
DE102009024313A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
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