EP2436878A2 - Coupling bolt for turbine blades - Google Patents

Coupling bolt for turbine blades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2436878A2
EP2436878A2 EP11180377A EP11180377A EP2436878A2 EP 2436878 A2 EP2436878 A2 EP 2436878A2 EP 11180377 A EP11180377 A EP 11180377A EP 11180377 A EP11180377 A EP 11180377A EP 2436878 A2 EP2436878 A2 EP 2436878A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
coupling
turbine blades
coupling pin
bolt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11180377A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2436878B1 (en
EP2436878A3 (en
Inventor
Norbert Scheunert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2436878A2 publication Critical patent/EP2436878A2/en
Publication of EP2436878A3 publication Critical patent/EP2436878A3/en
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Publication of EP2436878B1 publication Critical patent/EP2436878B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/24—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations using wire or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/23—Three-dimensional prismatic
    • F05D2250/232—Three-dimensional prismatic conical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling pin for coupling two or more turbine blades, as well as a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, with at least one turbine stage having a plurality of turbine blades.
  • the axial blading of turbines causes vibration excitation.
  • blade materials with high strength values must be used.
  • turbine blades made of titanium are increasingly used in recent years.
  • titanium blades have the disadvantage that they are very expensive. In order to avoid the high costs, therefore, other appropriate measures are taken.
  • the blades can advantageously be connected to one another via a shroud or coupled to each other at too high mechanical loads, by means of a coupling wire or by loosely inserted coupling pins.
  • the vibration of the individual blades is significantly reduced and thereby reduces the vibration load in the individual blades, so that vibration fractures of the turbine blades can be avoided.
  • a disadvantage of the coupling wires and also on the coupling pin is their additional weight, which has a negative effect on the rotor dynamics.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a coupling bolt for coupling two or more turbine blades, which has a reduced weight compared with the previously used coupling bolts or coupling wires, and thus ensures a more favorable rotor dynamics. Furthermore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a turbine, in particular steam turbine, to be provided with at least one turbine stage having a plurality of turbine blades having improved rotor dynamics over the prior art.
  • the invention is achieved with regard to the coupling bolt by the features of independent claim 1.
  • the object is solved by the features of independent claim 4.
  • the coupling bolt according to the invention for coupling two or more turbine blades, is characterized in that the coupling bolt consists at least partially of fiber composite material.
  • the weight of the coupling bolt can be significantly reduced compared to the steel or titanium coupling bolts hitherto used in the prior art.
  • the strength of the coupling bolt is additionally increased. Due to the lower weight of the coupling bolt compared to the previously used coupling bolt, the centrifugal force load decreases by the coupling pin in turbine operation, resulting in improved rotor dynamics.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the coupling pin is designed as a hollow profile.
  • a coupling pin By training as a hollow profile can be compared to a coupling pin, which is made in the solid profile, further weight saved and thereby the rotor dynamics are further influenced advantageous.
  • the coupling bolts are partially subjected to bending during operation, the formation as a hollow profile is additionally advantageous, since hollow bodies generally have a higher flexural strength than solid profiles.
  • the production of a coupling pin of hollow profile is designed very simple, since the fiber composite material can first be applied to a core or wound and then after curing of the fiber composite material of the core can be easily removed.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the coupling pin has a biconical profile or conical ends. Due to the conical ends of the coupling pin can center themselves in the mounting holes of the turbine blade. In addition, the bending strength in the particularly stressed area of the coupling bolt is increased by the larger diameter of the coupling bolt in the middle part of the coupling bolt.
  • the invention is characterized in that in each case two adjacent turbine blades of the at least one turbine stage are coupled by means of coupling bolts according to one of the preceding claims.
  • the vibration load of the individual turbine blades is reduced, whereby a fracture of the turbine blades due to vibrations is largely avoided.
  • a more favorable material for the turbine blade can be used, on the other hand, the blade length and thus the outflow surface of the turbine can be increased, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the turbine.
  • This is particularly interesting for the outflow of steam turbines, since this relaxation of steam to lower vapor bridges is made possible, which has a direct effect on the efficiency of the turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a coupling pin 1 for coupling two or more turbine blades 2, of which only the rear turbine blade 2 is shown in the figure.
  • a receiving bore 4 is formed in the turbine blade 2.
  • the receiving bore 4 can be formed as a through hole or as a blind hole.
  • the turbine blade 2 can be formed with a thickening 5. This is useful when the wall thickness of the turbine blade 2 in the region of the receiving bore 4 does not have sufficient wall thickness.
  • the thickening 5 can turn out to be significantly slimmer than is the case with the conventional coupling pin made of steel or titanium described in the prior art. Under certain circumstances, a thickening 5 in the region of the receiving bore 4 can also be completely dispensed with. As a result, the weight of the turbine blade 2 is lowered and the rotor dynamics improved.
  • FIG. 2 shows a settlement of in FIG. 1 shown turbine blade assembly along the section AA.
  • the coupling pin 1 is rotationally symmetrical and has two conical ends 3.
  • the conical ends 3 are arranged in the receiving bore 4 of the turbine blade 2 and thus provide for a coupling of the two adjacent turbine blades 2.
  • the receiving bore 4 is in FIG. 1 designed as a blind hole.
  • the receiving bore 4 could also be formed as a through hole.
  • FIG. 3 shows a radial section through a coupling pin 1.
  • the coupling pin 1 in FIG. 3 a doppelkonisches profile, ie he has no cylindrical central part.
  • the function of the coupling pin 1 is otherwise identical to that of FIG. 2 or 1.
  • the coupling pin 1 is rotationally symmetrical and has a hollow profile.
  • the coupling pin 1 is completely formed of a fiber composite material, so that it is compared to the previously used coupling pin, which are made of steel or titanium, significantly lighter. Due to the lower weight of the coupling bolt 1, the centrifugal stress on the turbine blades 1 is reduced, so that the rotor dynamics is favorably influenced.
  • the thickening 5 of the turbine blade 2 in the region of the receiving bore 4 can be reduced or it can be completely dispensed with.
  • the weight of the turbine blade 2 is also reduced, which in turn leads to improved rotor dynamics.
  • the tensile load of the turbine blade 1 decreases, whereby a larger overall length of the turbine blades 2 is possible with the same material selection of the turbine blade 2.
  • the cross-sectional area of the outflow channel in which the turbine blade is arranged increases, which in turn leads to an increased efficiency of the turbine.
  • the coupling pin 1 does not necessarily have to be formed as a hollow profile. Rather, a construction is conceivable in which the fiber composite material is arranged around a core. However, a hollow profile has the advantage that the flexural strength of the coupling pin 1 is higher than is the case with a solid material. Since the coupling pin 1 are claimed in operation by moving or movement of the turbine blades 2 to each other on bending, thus the execution of a hollow profile is advantageous.
  • the coupling pin 1 can be advantageously formed as a winding / or braiding component.
  • coupling bolts 1 which are at least partially made of fiber composite material, especially worthwhile in the low pressure part of steam turbines.
  • Steam turbines have by design a very large outflow area to expand the vapor pressure to a particularly low pressure can.
  • the turbine blades in the low-pressure region must be made particularly large, which leads to particularly great difficulties in the strength and vibration resistance of the turbine blade.
  • Large turbine blades are prone to vibrational excitation, especially at freestanding ends. This must be avoided at all costs.
  • the coupling pin 1 according to the invention for coupling two or more turbine blades 2, which is at least partially made of fiber composite material, thus leads to a reduction of the rotating mass.
  • the reduction in the rotating mass ensures significantly better rotor dynamics and, due to the smaller dimensions of the turbine blades, the tensile load on the turbine blades, especially in the particularly vulnerable foot region, decreases significantly.
  • the coupling pin according to the invention thus provides for an increased Operational safety as well as for a higher rotor dynamics and for an improved efficiency of the turbine.
  • the use of the coupling bolt according to the invention, which is at least partially made of fiber composite material is particularly suitable for the low-pressure part of steam turbines, since they have a particularly large turbine length and therefore makes a reduction in weight particularly positively noticeable.
  • the invention is not limited to the coupling of two adjacent turbine blades. Rather, the coupling bolt can also be formed so that it couples more than two, for example, three adjacent turbine blades with each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The bolt (1) has bi-conical profile or conical ends (3) that are automatically centered into a receiving bore (4) of respective turbine blades (2) in order to couple the turbine blades adjacent to each other. The bolt is partially manufactured from composite material such as steel and/or titanium. The bolt is rotationally symmetrically formed as a hollow profile. The receiving bore is formed as through hole or a blind bore by forming the turbine blades with thickened portion (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Koppelbolzen zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehr Turbinenschaufeln, sowie eine Turbine, insbesondere eine Dampfturbine, mit wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe, die eine Vielzahl von Turbinenschaufeln aufweist.The invention relates to a coupling pin for coupling two or more turbine blades, as well as a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, with at least one turbine stage having a plurality of turbine blades.

Aufgrund von Geschwindigkeits- und/oder Druckänderungen kommt es an den Axialbeschaufelungen von Turbinen zu einer Schwingungsanregung. Um den an den Turbinenschaufeln durch die zusätzliche Schwingung hervorgerufenen Belastungen gerecht zu werden und so Schaufelbrüche zu vermeiden, müssen Schaufelwerkstoffe mit hohen Festigkeitswerten verwendet werden. Hier werden in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Turbinenschaufeln aus Titan eingesetzt. Titanschaufeln haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie sehr teuer sind. Um die hohen Kosten zu vermeiden werden deshalb andere geeignete Maßnahmen ergriffen. Zur Vermeidung von Schaufelschwingungen können die Schaufeln vorteilhaft über ein Deckband miteinander verbunden werden oder bei zu hohen mechanischen Belastungen, mittels eines Koppeldrahtes oder durch lose eingelegte Koppelstifte miteinander verkoppelt werden. Durch die Koppelung von zwei oder mehreren Turbinenschaufeln wird die Schwingung der einzelnen Schaufeln deutlich reduziert und dadurch die Schwingungsbelastung in den einzelnen Schaufeln reduziert, so dass Schwingungsbrüche der Turbinenschaufeln vermieden werden können. Nachteilig an den Koppeldrähten und auch an den Koppelbolzen ist ihr zusätzliches Gewicht, welches sich negativ auf die Rotordynamik auswirkt.Due to speed and / or pressure changes, the axial blading of turbines causes vibration excitation. In order to cope with the stresses caused on the turbine blades by the additional vibration and thus to avoid blade fractures, blade materials with high strength values must be used. Here, turbine blades made of titanium are increasingly used in recent years. However, titanium blades have the disadvantage that they are very expensive. In order to avoid the high costs, therefore, other appropriate measures are taken. To avoid blade vibrations, the blades can advantageously be connected to one another via a shroud or coupled to each other at too high mechanical loads, by means of a coupling wire or by loosely inserted coupling pins. By coupling two or more turbine blades, the vibration of the individual blades is significantly reduced and thereby reduces the vibration load in the individual blades, so that vibration fractures of the turbine blades can be avoided. A disadvantage of the coupling wires and also on the coupling pin is their additional weight, which has a negative effect on the rotor dynamics.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Koppelbolzen zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehr Turbinenschaufeln bereit zu stellen, welcher gegenüber den bisher verwendeten Koppelbolzen bzw. Koppeldrähten ein vermindertes Gewicht aufweist, und so für eine günstigere Rotordynamik sorgt. Des Weiteren ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Turbine, insbesondere Dampfturbine, bereitzustellen mit wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe, die eine Vielzahl von Turbinenschaufeln aufweist, die eine verbesserte Rotordynamik gegenüber dem Stand der Technik besitzt.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a coupling bolt for coupling two or more turbine blades, which has a reduced weight compared with the previously used coupling bolts or coupling wires, and thus ensures a more favorable rotor dynamics. Furthermore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a turbine, in particular steam turbine, to be provided with at least one turbine stage having a plurality of turbine blades having improved rotor dynamics over the prior art.

Die Erfindung wird hinsichtlich des Koppelbolzens durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Hinsichtlich der Turbine wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 4 gelöst.The invention is achieved with regard to the coupling bolt by the features of independent claim 1. With regard to the turbine, the object is solved by the features of independent claim 4.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung, welche einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander einsetzbar sind, sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention, which are used individually or in combination with each other, are the subject of the dependent claims.

Der erfindungsgemäße Koppelbolzen, zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehr Turbinenschaufeln, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Koppelbolzen zumindest teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht. Durch die Verwendung von Faserverbundwerkstoff kann das Gewicht des Koppelbolzens gegenüber den bislang im Stand der Technik verwendeten Koppelbolzen aus Stahl oder Titan deutlich reduziert werden. Durch eine geeignete Ausrichtung der Fasern im Faserverbundwerkstoff wird die Festigkeit des Koppelbolzens dabei zusätzlich erhöht. Durch das geringere Gewicht des Koppelbolzens gegenüber dem bislang verwendeten Koppelbolzen nimmt die Fliehkraftbelastung durch den Koppelbolzen im Turbinenbetrieb ab, wodurch sich eine verbesserte Rotordynamik ergibt.The coupling bolt according to the invention, for coupling two or more turbine blades, is characterized in that the coupling bolt consists at least partially of fiber composite material. By using fiber composite material, the weight of the coupling bolt can be significantly reduced compared to the steel or titanium coupling bolts hitherto used in the prior art. By a suitable orientation of the fibers in the fiber composite material, the strength of the coupling bolt is additionally increased. Due to the lower weight of the coupling bolt compared to the previously used coupling bolt, the centrifugal force load decreases by the coupling pin in turbine operation, resulting in improved rotor dynamics.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Koppelbolzen als Hohlprofil ausgebildet ist. Durch die Ausbildung als Hohlprofil kann gegenüber einem Koppelbolzen, welcher im Vollprofil hergestellt ist, weiter Gewicht eingespart werden und dadurch die Rotordynamik weiter vorteilhaft beeinflusst werden. Da die Koppelbolzen im Betrieb teilweise auf Biegung beansprucht sind ist die Ausbildung als Hohlprofil zusätzlich von Vorteil, da Hohlkörper grundsätzlich eine höhere Biegefestigkeit aufweisen als Vollprofile. Die Herstellung eines Koppelbolzens aus Hohlprofil gestaltet sich sehr einfach, da das Faserverbundmaterial zunächst auf einen Kern aufgebracht bzw. aufgewickelt werden kann und dann nach Aushärten des Faserverbundmaterials der Kern einfach entnommen werden kann.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the coupling pin is designed as a hollow profile. By training as a hollow profile can be compared to a coupling pin, which is made in the solid profile, further weight saved and thereby the rotor dynamics are further influenced advantageous. Since the coupling bolts are partially subjected to bending during operation, the formation as a hollow profile is additionally advantageous, since hollow bodies generally have a higher flexural strength than solid profiles. The production of a coupling pin of hollow profile is designed very simple, since the fiber composite material can first be applied to a core or wound and then after curing of the fiber composite material of the core can be easily removed.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Koppelbolzen ein doppelkonisches Profil oder konische Enden aufweist. Durch die konischen Enden kann sich der Koppelbolzen in den Aufnahmebohrungen der Turbinenschaufel selbstständig zentrieren. Zudem wird durch den größeren Durchmesser des Koppelbolzens im mittleren Teil des Koppelbolzens die Biegefestigkeit im besonders beanspruchten Bereich des Koppelbolzens erhöht.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the coupling pin has a biconical profile or conical ends. Due to the conical ends of the coupling pin can center themselves in the mounting holes of the turbine blade. In addition, the bending strength in the particularly stressed area of the coupling bolt is increased by the larger diameter of the coupling bolt in the middle part of the coupling bolt.

Bezüglich der Turbine, insbesondere Dampfturbine, mit wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe, die eine Vielzahl von Turbinenschaufeln aufweist, zeichnet sich die Erfindung dadurch aus, dass jeweils zwei benachbarte Turbinenschaufeln der wenigstens einen Turbinenstufe mittels Koppelbolzen nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche gekoppelt sind. Durch die Koppelung zweier benachbarter Turbinenschaufeln werden diese gegeneinander stabilisiert, so dass Schwingungen der einzelnen Schaufeln wirkungsvoll gemindert werden. Hierdurch wird die Schwingungsbelastung der einzelnen Turbinenschaufeln reduziert, wodurch ein Bruch der Turbinenschaufeln aufgrund von Schwingungen weitgehend vermieden wird. Hierdurch kann zum einen ein günstigerer Werkstoff für die Turbinenschaufel verwendet werden, zum anderen kann die Schaufellänge und damit die Abströmfläche der Turbine erhöht werden, was zu einer Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades der Turbine führt. Dieses ist insbesondere für den Abströmbereich von Dampfturbinen interessant, da hierdurch eine Entspannung des Dampfes zu niedereren Dampfbrücken hin ermöglicht wird, was unmittelbar Wirkung auf den Wirkungsgrad der Turbine hat.With regard to the turbine, in particular steam turbine, with at least one turbine stage, which has a plurality of turbine blades, the invention is characterized in that in each case two adjacent turbine blades of the at least one turbine stage are coupled by means of coupling bolts according to one of the preceding claims. By coupling two adjacent turbine blades they are stabilized against each other, so that vibrations of the individual blades are effectively reduced. As a result, the vibration load of the individual turbine blades is reduced, whereby a fracture of the turbine blades due to vibrations is largely avoided. In this way, on the one hand a more favorable material for the turbine blade can be used, on the other hand, the blade length and thus the outflow surface of the turbine can be increased, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the turbine. This is particularly interesting for the outflow of steam turbines, since this relaxation of steam to lower vapor bridges is made possible, which has a direct effect on the efficiency of the turbine.

Ausführungsbeispiele und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments and further advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

Es zeigt dabei schematisch:

Figur 1
Einen erfindungsgemäßen Koppelbolzen, welcher in einer Turbinenschaufel angeordnet ist;
Figur 2
Eine Abwicklung, entlang des Schnittes A-A;
Figur 3
Einen Axialschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Koppelbolzen.
It shows schematically:
FIG. 1
A coupling pin according to the invention, which is arranged in a turbine blade;
FIG. 2
A settlement, along the section AA;
FIG. 3
An axial section through a coupling pin according to the invention.

Die Figuren zeigen dabei jeweils stark vereinfachte Abbildungen, die jeweils nur die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Bauteile zeigen. Gleiche bzw. funktionsgleiche Bauteile sind figurübergreifend mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.The figures show in each case greatly simplified figures, each showing only the essential components of the invention. The same or functionally identical components are cross-figured with the same reference numerals.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Koppelbolzen 1 zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehreren Turbinenschaufeln 2, von denen in der Abbildung nur die hintere Turbinenschaufel 2 dargestellt ist. Zur Aufnahme des Koppelbolzen 1 in der Turbinenschaufel 2 ist in der Turbinenschaufel 2 eine Aufnahmebohrung 4 ausgebildet. Die Aufnahmebohrung 4 kann dabei als durchgehende Bohrung oder auch als Sacklochbohrung ausgebildet sein. Zur Ausbildung der Aufnahmebohrung 4 kann die Turbinenschaufel 2 mit einer Verdickung 5 ausgebildet werden. Dies bietet sich dann an, wenn die Wanddicke der Turbinenschaufel 2 im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung 4 keine ausreichende Wandstärke aufweist. Bei Verwendung von leichten Koppelbolzen 1 aus Faserverbundwerkstoff kann die Verdickung 5 jedoch deutlich schlanker ausfallen als dies bei den üblichen im Stand der Technik beschriebenen Koppelbolzen aus Stahl oder Titan der Fall ist. Unter Umständen kann auf eine Verdickung 5 im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung 4 auch vollständig verzichtet werden. Hierdurch wird das Gewicht der Turbinenschaufel 2 gesenkt und die Rotordynamik verbessert. FIG. 1 shows a coupling pin 1 for coupling two or more turbine blades 2, of which only the rear turbine blade 2 is shown in the figure. For receiving the coupling pin 1 in the turbine blade 2, a receiving bore 4 is formed in the turbine blade 2. The receiving bore 4 can be formed as a through hole or as a blind hole. To form the receiving bore 4, the turbine blade 2 can be formed with a thickening 5. This is useful when the wall thickness of the turbine blade 2 in the region of the receiving bore 4 does not have sufficient wall thickness. However, when using lightweight coupling bolts 1 made of fiber composite material, the thickening 5 can turn out to be significantly slimmer than is the case with the conventional coupling pin made of steel or titanium described in the prior art. Under certain circumstances, a thickening 5 in the region of the receiving bore 4 can also be completely dispensed with. As a result, the weight of the turbine blade 2 is lowered and the rotor dynamics improved.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Abwicklung der in Figur 1 gezeigten Turbinenschaufelanordnung entlang des Schnitts A-A. In dieser Ansicht ist gut die Koppelung der Turbinenschaufel 2 über den Koppelbolzen 1 zu erkennen. Der Koppelbolzen 1 ist dabei rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet und weist zwei konische Enden 3 auf. Die konischen Enden 3 sind in den Aufnahmebohrung 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2 angeordnet und sorgen so für eine Koppelung der zwei benachbarten Turbinenschaufeln 2. Die Aufnahmebohrung 4 ist in Figur 1 als Sacklochbohrung ausgebildet. Die Aufnahmebohrung 4 könnte ebenso als Durchgangsbohrung ausgebildet sein. Durch die konischen Enden 3 des Koppelbolzen 1 wird dieser automatisch in der Aufnahmebohrung 4 zentriert. FIG. 2 shows a settlement of in FIG. 1 shown turbine blade assembly along the section AA. In this view is good the coupling of the turbine blade 2 on the Detecting coupling pin 1. The coupling pin 1 is rotationally symmetrical and has two conical ends 3. The conical ends 3 are arranged in the receiving bore 4 of the turbine blade 2 and thus provide for a coupling of the two adjacent turbine blades 2. The receiving bore 4 is in FIG. 1 designed as a blind hole. The receiving bore 4 could also be formed as a through hole. By the conical ends 3 of the coupling pin 1, this is automatically centered in the receiving bore 4.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Radialschnitt durch einen Koppelbolzen 1. Im Gegensatz zu dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Koppelbolzen 1 weist der Koppelbolzen 1 in Figur 3 ein doppelkonisches Profil auf, d.h. er besitzt keinen zylindrischen Mittelteil. Die Funktion des Koppelbolzens 1 ist aber ansonsten identisch mit der aus Figur 2 bzw. 1. Der Koppelbolzen 1 ist dabei rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet und weist ein Hohlprofil auf. Der Koppelbolzen 1 ist vollständig aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff ausgebildet, so dass er gegenüber dem bislang verwendeten Koppelbolzen, welcher aus Stahl bzw. Titan gefertigt sind, deutlich leichter ist. Durch das geringere Gewicht des Koppelbolzens 1 wird die Fliehkraftbeanspruchung an den Turbinenschaufeln 1 reduziert, so dass die Rotordynamik günstig beeinflusst wird. Durch die geringere Fliehkraftbelastung im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung 4 der Turbinenschaufeln 2 kann zudem die Verdickung 5 der Turbinenschaufel 2 im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung 4 reduziert werden bzw. es kann ganz auf sie verzichtet werden. Hierdurch wird das Gewicht der Turbinenschaufel 2 ebenfalls reduziert, was wiederum zu einer verbesserten Rotordynamik führt. Aufgrund der geringeren Gewichte von Koppelbolzen 1 und Turbinenschaufeln 2 nimmt die Zugkraftbelastung der Turbinenschaufel 1 ab, wodurch bei gleicher Werkstoffauswahl der Turbinenschaufel 2 eine größere Gesamtlänge der Turbinenschaufeln 2 möglich wird. Hierdurch nimmt die Querschnittsfläche des Abströmkanals in dem die Turbinenschaufels angeordnet sind zu, was wiederum zu einem erhöhten Wirkungsgrad der Turbine führt. FIG. 3 shows a radial section through a coupling pin 1. In contrast to the in FIG. 2 shown coupling pin 1, the coupling pin 1 in FIG. 3 a doppelkonisches profile, ie he has no cylindrical central part. The function of the coupling pin 1 is otherwise identical to that of FIG. 2 or 1. The coupling pin 1 is rotationally symmetrical and has a hollow profile. The coupling pin 1 is completely formed of a fiber composite material, so that it is compared to the previously used coupling pin, which are made of steel or titanium, significantly lighter. Due to the lower weight of the coupling bolt 1, the centrifugal stress on the turbine blades 1 is reduced, so that the rotor dynamics is favorably influenced. Due to the lower centrifugal force load in the region of the receiving bore 4 of the turbine blades 2, moreover, the thickening 5 of the turbine blade 2 in the region of the receiving bore 4 can be reduced or it can be completely dispensed with. As a result, the weight of the turbine blade 2 is also reduced, which in turn leads to improved rotor dynamics. Due to the lower weights of coupling pin 1 and turbine blades 2, the tensile load of the turbine blade 1 decreases, whereby a larger overall length of the turbine blades 2 is possible with the same material selection of the turbine blade 2. As a result, the cross-sectional area of the outflow channel in which the turbine blade is arranged increases, which in turn leads to an increased efficiency of the turbine.

Neben einer vollständigen Ausbildung des Koppelbolzens 1 aus Faserverbundwerkstoff ist auch ein nur teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff hergestellter Koppelbolzen 1 von der Erfindung umfasst. Der Koppelbolzen 1 muss auch nicht zwingend als Hohlprofil ausgebildet werden. Vielmehr ist auch eine Konstruktion denkbar, bei dem der Faserverbundwerkstoff um einen Kern herum angeordnet ist. Ein Hohlprofil hat allerdings den Vorteil, dass die Biegefestigkeit des Koppelbolzens 1 höher ist als dies bei einem Vollmaterial der Fall ist. Da die Koppelbolzen 1 im Betrieb durch Verschieben bzw. Bewegung der Turbinenschaufeln 2 zueinander auf Biegung beansprucht werden, ist somit die Ausführung als Hohlprofil vorteilhaft. Der Koppelbolzen 1 kann vorteilhaft als Wickel/oder Flechtbauteil ausgebildet werden.In addition to a complete design of the coupling bolt 1 made of fiber composite material and a coupling pin 1 is only partially made of fiber composite material of the invention. The coupling pin 1 does not necessarily have to be formed as a hollow profile. Rather, a construction is conceivable in which the fiber composite material is arranged around a core. However, a hollow profile has the advantage that the flexural strength of the coupling pin 1 is higher than is the case with a solid material. Since the coupling pin 1 are claimed in operation by moving or movement of the turbine blades 2 to each other on bending, thus the execution of a hollow profile is advantageous. The coupling pin 1 can be advantageously formed as a winding / or braiding component.

Der Einsatz von Koppelbolzen 1, welche zumindest teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff hergestellt werden, lohnt sich insbesondere im Niederdruckteil von Dampfturbinen. Dampfturbinen haben konstruktionsbedingt eine sehr große Abströmfläche um den Dampfdruck auf einen besonders niedrigen Druck expandieren zu können. Hierdurch müssen die Turbinenschaufeln im Niederdruckbereich besonders groß ausgebildet sein, was zu besonders großen Schwierigkeiten bei der Festigkeit und der Schwingungsfestigkeit der Turbinenschaufel führt. Große Turbinenschaufeln neigen insbesondere bei freistehenden Enden zur Schwingungsanregung. Diese muss unter allen Umständen vermieden werden.The use of coupling bolts 1, which are at least partially made of fiber composite material, especially worthwhile in the low pressure part of steam turbines. Steam turbines have by design a very large outflow area to expand the vapor pressure to a particularly low pressure can. As a result, the turbine blades in the low-pressure region must be made particularly large, which leads to particularly great difficulties in the strength and vibration resistance of the turbine blade. Large turbine blades are prone to vibrational excitation, especially at freestanding ends. This must be avoided at all costs.

Der erfindungsgemäße Koppelbolzen 1 zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehr Turbinenschaufeln 2, der zumindest teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff hergestellt ist, führt somit zu einer Verringerung der rotierenden Masse. Die Verringerung der rotierenden Masse sorgt für eine deutlich bessere Rotordynamik und aufgrund der geringeren Maße der Turbinenschaufeln nimmt die Zugkraftbeanspruchung der Turbinenschaufeln, insbesondere im besonders gefährdeten Fußbereich deutlich ab. Der erfindungsgemäße Koppelbolzen sorgt somit zum einen für eine erhöhte Betriebssicherheit als auch für eine höhere Rotordynamik und für einen verbesserten Wirkungsgrad der Turbine. Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelbolzens, welcher zumindest teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff hergestellt ist, eignet sich insbesondere für den Niederdruckteil von Dampfturbinen, da diese eine besonders große Turbinenlänge aufweisen und daher sich eine Verringerung des Gewichts hier besonders positiv bemerkbar macht.The coupling pin 1 according to the invention for coupling two or more turbine blades 2, which is at least partially made of fiber composite material, thus leads to a reduction of the rotating mass. The reduction in the rotating mass ensures significantly better rotor dynamics and, due to the smaller dimensions of the turbine blades, the tensile load on the turbine blades, especially in the particularly vulnerable foot region, decreases significantly. The coupling pin according to the invention thus provides for an increased Operational safety as well as for a higher rotor dynamics and for an improved efficiency of the turbine. The use of the coupling bolt according to the invention, which is at least partially made of fiber composite material, is particularly suitable for the low-pressure part of steam turbines, since they have a particularly large turbine length and therefore makes a reduction in weight particularly positively noticeable.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die Koppelung zweier benachbarter Turbinenschaufeln beschränkt. Vielmehr kann der Koppelbolzen auch so ausgebildet werden, dass er mehr als zwei, beispielsweise drei zueinander benachbarte Turbinenschaufeln miteinander koppelt.The invention is not limited to the coupling of two adjacent turbine blades. Rather, the coupling bolt can also be formed so that it couples more than two, for example, three adjacent turbine blades with each other.

Claims (5)

Koppelbolzen (1) zum Koppeln von zwei oder mehreren Turbinenschaufeln (2),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Koppelbolzen zumindest teilweise aus Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehen.Coupling pin (1) for coupling two or more turbine blades (2),
characterized in that
the coupling pin at least partially made of fiber composite material. Koppelbolzen (1) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Koppelbolzen (1) rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist.Coupling pin (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the coupling pin (1) is rotationally symmetrical. Koppelbolzen (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Koppelbolzen (1) als Hohlprofil ausgebildet sind.Coupling pin (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the coupling pin (1) are formed as a hollow profile. Koppelbolzen (1), nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Koppelbolzen (1) ein doppelkonisches Profil oder konische Enden (3) aufweist.Coupling pin (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the coupling pin (1) has a biconical profile or conical ends (3). Turbine, insbesondere Dampfturbine, mit wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe, die eine Vielzahl von Turbinenschaufeln (2) aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
jeweils zwei benachbarte Turbinenschaufeln (2) der wenigstens einen Turbinenstufe mittels eines Koppelbolzens (1) nach Anspruch 1 bis 4 gekoppelt sind.Turbine, in particular steam turbine, with at least one turbine stage, which has a plurality of turbine blades (2),
characterized in that
each two adjacent turbine blades (2) of the at least one turbine stage by means of a coupling pin (1) are coupled according to claim 1 to 4.
EP11180377.1A 2010-09-30 2011-09-07 Coupling pin for turbine blades Not-in-force EP2436878B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010041702A DE102010041702A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Coupling bolt for turbine blades

Publications (3)

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EP2436878A2 true EP2436878A2 (en) 2012-04-04
EP2436878A3 EP2436878A3 (en) 2016-06-22
EP2436878B1 EP2436878B1 (en) 2017-08-02

Family

ID=44675493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11180377.1A Not-in-force EP2436878B1 (en) 2010-09-30 2011-09-07 Coupling pin for turbine blades

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EP (1) EP2436878B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102010041702A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114559394A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-05-31 中国长江动力集团有限公司 Universal ejection tool for assembling steam turbine monobloc forging rotor

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DE102017203308A1 (en) 2017-03-01 2018-09-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine stage with coupling element
DE102020215479A1 (en) 2020-12-08 2022-06-09 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG New damping element for steam turbine blades

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1084537A (en) * 1965-07-31 1967-09-27 Rolls Royce A compressor or turbine rotor for a gas turbine engine
GB1142877A (en) * 1966-06-28 1969-02-12 Rolls Royce Improvements in or relating to bladed rotors, particularly for use in gas turbine engines
US7393182B2 (en) * 2005-05-05 2008-07-01 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Composite tip shroud ring
FR2915510B1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2009-11-06 Snecma Sa SHOCK ABSORBER FOR TURBOMACHINE BLADES
DE102008052021A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Damping device for a blade ring of an axial turbine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114559394A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-05-31 中国长江动力集团有限公司 Universal ejection tool for assembling steam turbine monobloc forging rotor

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Publication number Publication date
DE102010041702A1 (en) 2012-04-05
EP2436878B1 (en) 2017-08-02
EP2436878A3 (en) 2016-06-22

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