EP2435775A1 - Layer heat exchange for high temperatures - Google Patents
Layer heat exchange for high temperaturesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2435775A1 EP2435775A1 EP10721804A EP10721804A EP2435775A1 EP 2435775 A1 EP2435775 A1 EP 2435775A1 EP 10721804 A EP10721804 A EP 10721804A EP 10721804 A EP10721804 A EP 10721804A EP 2435775 A1 EP2435775 A1 EP 2435775A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- housing
- layer
- exchanger according
- layer heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a layer heat exchanger for high temperatures according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Layer heat exchangers are known - they consist of a layer block, which is constructed of stacked layer and cover plates and the heat exchange between two media is used, and a housing, which receives the layer block, seals and has connections for the supply and removal of the media.
- Such layer heat exchangers are characterized by a high specific heat transfer capacity, based on their volume.
- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- APU auxiliary power unit
- Heat exchangers for SOFC serve, for example, for heating process air and are exposed to hot combustion gases in a temperature range of approx. 950 ° Celsius. This strongly and rapidly changing temperature application leads to thermomechanical stresses in the heat exchanger structure, which lead to problems with regard to the tightness of the layer block in the interior and a leak-tightness of the heat exchanger to the outside.
- the external tightness is particularly important, for example, in the application of the heat exchanger for SOFC System ⁇ .
- the layer heat exchanger is characterized by a housing with high heat resistance and rigidity and a layer block with a soft and tough core relative to the housing.
- the housing thus forms a relatively stiff abutment with respect to the layer block, which, owing to its design according to the invention, in particular at high temperatures, is able to absorb the thermally induced strain energy emanating from the layer block. Because of this fixed abutment, the soft and tough core of the layer block will deform elastically or even partially plastically - which is accepted -. It has surprisingly been found that the internal leakage of the ⁇ rfindungsdorf ⁇ n Schichtóübertragers is significantly lower than in the above known Schlchthoffübertragern. The internal leakage arises during operation, z.
- Example when using the heat exchanger in the periphery of a high-temperature fuel cell, characterized in that when cold 900 to 950 ° C hot gas strikes the cold layer block.
- the housing is made of a material having a high heat resistance. Under high heat resistance is a high hot yield point ⁇ o. ⁇ to understand. These are preferably nickel alloys, in particular a readily available highly heat-resistant material with the material no. 2.4856 according to DIN EN 10095 and the material designation NiCr22Mo9Nb. This material is characterized by a good mechanical behavior at temperatures above 500 ° Celsius. Thus, the yield strength of this material is 900 0 C at high 200 N / mm 2 .
- the cover plates and laminations are made of a material which has a lower heat resistance compared to the material of the housing, in particular a low heat flow limit O 2.
- a high-temperature stainless steel with the material No. 1.4876 and the material designation XIONiCrAITi 32-20 is selected for the material of the layer and cover plates, which is particularly adapted to the above-mentioned housing material with the No. 2.4856.
- a relatively inexpensive Ni base material such as the 2.4851 (NiCr23Fe) can also be used as the laminated sheet material.
- 2.4851 has a higher hot strength compared to 1.4876 but a lower heat resistance than 2.4656.
- a ferritic material can also be selected for the material of the layer and cover plates.
- the ferritic material in particular an Al-containing material, as this material has a high high-temperature corrosion resistance and low Cr evaporation.
- ferritic material with the material no. 1.4767 according to DIN 17470 and the material designation CrAI20 5.
- These ferritic materials are particularly advantageous when paired with the aforementioned austenitic housing materials with the material numbers 1.4876 (material designation: XIONiCrAITi 32-20) or 1.4335.
- An advantage of using ferritic stainless steels for The layer and cover sheet ⁇ is their high elongation at break, ie the laminations deform plastically, but because of their high ductility they have only a slight tendency to develop leaks such as cracks.
- different wall thicknesses can be selected for the housing, on the one hand, and the layer and cover plates, on the other hand.
- H a large wall thickness for the housing material and a significantly lower wall thickness for the sheet material.
- the wall thickness of the housing is approximately 1.5 mm and that of the laminations approximately 0.3 mm.
- the wall thickness of the G ⁇ phaseusematerials may be relatively low to the wall thickness of the layer and cover sheet material, when the heat resistance of the housing material is high relative to the heat resistance of the laminated sheet material.
- the housing material is made of a heat-resistant material of small thickness, such as 2.4856 with 1, 0 mm or 0.5 mm wall thickness and the layer and / or cover plate material made of a soft material such as the aforementioned FeCrAI Alloys exists.
- the particularly small difference in mass between housing on the one hand and coating and cover plates on the other hand leads to sond ⁇ rs low thermal stresses.
- An Al content of ⁇ 2% t particularly preferably ⁇ 3% here is particularly useful.
- the layer and cover sheets are only in a frontal fashion at their ends
- Sealing edges are materially interconnected, preferably by soldering or welding. Webs or pimples located inside the
- Heat exchanger lead should therefore not or at least to a minimum extent cohesively connected to each other.
- the advantage is achieved that the layer block is securely sealed to the outside and inside which core and which remains elastically deformable.
- the housing and the cover plates of the same high-temperature resistant material and only the laminations are made of the soft material.
- housing as well as layer and cover plates can be made of the same material.
- the soft core of the layer block can be achieved by a smaller sheet metal wall thickness relative to the wall thickness of the housing and / or by face-side brazing or welding of the layer block.
- the application of the Schichtskaschreibers invention proves to be particularly advantageous in the periphery of a high-temperature fuel cell, preferably in motor vehicles to meet the strict conditions applicable there with respect to an inner and outer sealing of the heat exchanger.
- FIG. 1 shows a layer heat exchanger 1 in an exploded view.
- a SchichlJacquesesttrager 1 is known in terms of its structure from the aforementioned prior art.
- a partially illustrated layer block 2 is arranged, which can be flowed through in cross-flow of two media.
- the layer block 2 is received by four housing boxes 3, 4, 5, 6, which in turn have connecting pieces 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a for the supply and removal of the media flowing through the layer block 2.
- the four housing boxes 3, 4, 5, 6 including the connecting pieces 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a are hereinafter also referred to collectively as the housing 7.
- Layer block 2 and housing 7 are connected together by a total of twelve welds, of which, by way of example, the welds 8a, 8b, 8c are designated.
- the layer block 2 according to FIG. 1 is represented schematically by a lower cover plate 9 and an upper cover plate 10 as well as by two layer plates 11, 12.
- the sandwich panels 11, 12, also called laminations 11, 12, are contoured, d. H. they have flow channels and sealing edges 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b which are not provided with reference numerals and intersect at 90 °. All components are materially interconnected, preferably soldered and / or welded - as is apparent in detail from the aforementioned prior art, to which reference is hereby made.
- the housing 7 in relation to the layer block 2 has a high heat resistance, ie the cover plates 9, 10 and the laminated plates or sheets 11, 12 have a lower heat resistance.
- a soft and tough core is achieved for the layer block 2, which is able to elastically or plastically deform at high temperature-induced strains in the inner region, for example to buckle.
- the housing 7, however, should not deform as much as possible due to its increased heat resistance and rigidity, but absorb the Reaktlons body resulting from the layer block.
- the layer heat exchanger 1 in the periphery of a high-temperature fuel cell (SOFC), not shown, as used for the provision of electrical energy in motor vehicles as so-called APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) is used, in particular serves the Layer heat exchanger 1 in this case for the recovery of the exhaust gas heat of the fuel cell and the heating of process air for the SOFC.
- SOFC high-temperature fuel cell
- APU Advanced Power Unit
- materials having different heat resistance values are selected for the housing 7 and the layer and cover plates 9, 10, 11, 12, with particular focus being placed on the hot-stretching limit Oo, 2.
- the housing 7 that is to say the housing boxes 3, 4, 5, 6, a nickel alloy with the material no. 2.4856 and the material designation NiCr22Mo9Nb selected according to DIN EN 10095.
- a material with lower heat resistance namely a high-temperature stainless steel, for. B. with the material no. 1.4876.
- ferritic materials in particular Al-haitige ferritic materials can be advantageously used for the cover sheets and laminations 9, 10, 11, 12 of the layer block 2, z. B. with the tool numbers 1.4725 or 1.47 ⁇ 7, which correspond to the material designations CrAH 4 4 and CrAI20 5 according to DIN 17470.
- a ferritic core of the layer block would also be a cheaper housing material advantageous, namely an austenitic high temperature stainless steel, z. B. with the material numbers 1.4876 or 1.4835 or a ferritic stainless steel such as the 1.4750.
- the aforementioned measures of different materials for housing and sheets can be supported by structural measures, in particular by the choice of wall thicknesses.
- the wall thickness of the housing 7 or the GeHousekarste ⁇ 3, 4, 5, 8 as high as possible and the wall thickness of the cover and laminations 9, 10, 11, 12 selected as low as possible.
- a wall thickness of approximately 1.5 mm is provided for the housing 7 and a wall thickness of approximately 0.3 mm for the metal sheets.
- Such a choice of different wall thicknesses would support the above-mentioned choice of different materials or enhance the effect of the invention.
- the wall thickness of the housing ie of box and cover sheet materials are possible. lows chosen low, for example, to 1, 0 mm or even 0.5 mm, compared to the 0.3 mm or 0.4 mm thick laminated sheet material.
- the advantage of this is that the rapid heating of the block formed from laminations, the temperature difference to the housing is low and thus the thermo-mechanical stresses are low.
- the relative rigidity of the housing must then be achieved through the thermal strengths of the materials used for the same.
- An exemplary combination of materials would be for the housing (box and cover plates) a highly heat-resistant Ni-base material, such as 2.4856 or 2.4851 and for the laminations (folding plates) of the block low heat. but ductile Fe ⁇ itischer stainless steel. Particularly preferred are Al-containing ferritic stainless steels because of their good high temperature corrosion resistance and low Cr evaporation.
- the abovementioned measures according to the invention can be supplemented and supported by a suitable joining technique for the layer block 2.
- a suitable joining technique for the layer block 2 According to a first A ⁇ s enclosuresbeispiel provided that the layer block 2 is soldered only the front side, which is known per se, through the DE 10 2007 008 341 A1 of the applicant.
- the subject matter of this document is incorporated in full in the disclosure of the present application.
- Veriötung, d. H. a waiver of a full-surface Veriötung the laminations results in a softer, d. H. movable core, since the individual laminations can glide together in the core area. There are thus no discrete flow channels more available, as could emerge from Fig.
- the same material for the housing 7 and the cover and laminations ⁇ , 10, 11th 12th to choose, if it is ensured at the same time that the housing 7 has a sufficiently greater heat resistance than the layer block 2 and the cover and laminations 9, 10, 11, 12. This can - as stated above - be achieved by appropriate choice of wall thicknesses and / or the appropriate joining technology.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009022984 | 2009-05-28 | ||
PCT/EP2010/057317 WO2010136524A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-05-27 | Layer heat exchange for high temperatures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2435775A1 true EP2435775A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2435775B1 EP2435775B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=42561187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10721804.2A Active EP2435775B1 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-05-27 | Layer heat exchange for high temperatures |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20120138280A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2435775B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102449421B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010029287A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010136524A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011005693U1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2011-09-26 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schichtwärmeübertager |
DE102012108821B4 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-08-14 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Method for producing a heat exchanger |
DE102013204744A1 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Layer heat transfer device and method for producing a layer heat transfer device |
DE112014001497A5 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2015-12-10 | Mahle International Gmbh | Layer heat transfer device and method for producing a layer heat transfer device |
EP3090214A4 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-12-06 | Agrawal, Avichal | A fluid handling device and a method of heating or cooling a fluid flow |
NL2012066C2 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-13 | Intergas Heating Assets B V | HEAT EXCHANGER, METHOD FOR FORMING THEM AND USE THEREOF. |
DE102014106807B4 (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2017-12-21 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Flue gas heat exchanger made of duplex steel |
CN104279894A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-14 | 大连理工大学 | Stacked heat exchanger |
ES2843645T3 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2021-07-19 | Miele & Cie | Cooking appliance component and method of making the cooking appliance component |
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DE102006005362A1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-09 | Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine | Exhaust gas heat exchanger in an exhaust gas recirculation arrangement |
DE102006011508A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing a Schichtwärmeübertragers and layer heat exchanger |
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DE102007056182A1 (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Layer heat exchanger, has decoupling device that is arranged between layer block and housing for mechanical decoupling and floatable support of layer block in housing, where decoupling device has mineral fiber mat and/or mineral fiber strip |
EP1930681A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-11 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Heat exchanger, arrangement and method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
DE102007008341B4 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2019-06-19 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for soldering components of a heat exchanger in layered construction as well as layer heat exchanger produced by this method |
-
2010
- 2010-05-25 DE DE102010029287A patent/DE102010029287A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-05-27 CN CN201080023076.6A patent/CN102449421B/en active Active
- 2010-05-27 WO PCT/EP2010/057317 patent/WO2010136524A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-05-27 EP EP10721804.2A patent/EP2435775B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-11-28 US US13/305,022 patent/US20120138280A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-10-14 US US14/513,502 patent/US20150027674A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010136524A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102449421B (en) | 2015-07-01 |
EP2435775B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
CN102449421A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
US20120138280A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
DE102010029287A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
WO2010136524A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
US20150027674A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
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