EP2434231A1 - Heat pump device and method of controlling regulation valve - Google Patents
Heat pump device and method of controlling regulation valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2434231A1 EP2434231A1 EP09844887A EP09844887A EP2434231A1 EP 2434231 A1 EP2434231 A1 EP 2434231A1 EP 09844887 A EP09844887 A EP 09844887A EP 09844887 A EP09844887 A EP 09844887A EP 2434231 A1 EP2434231 A1 EP 2434231A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- water
- compressor
- temperature sensor
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 286
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000005139 Lycium andersonii Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010726 refrigerant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/258—Outdoor temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
- F24H4/04—Storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus.
- Patent Literature 1 Since a compressor of a refrigeration cycle becomes a high temperature during the operation, it is sometimes expected to cool the compressor (Patent Literature 1). Moreover, as a measure for the state of refrigerant being accumulated (called accumulation/liquefaction) in the compressor, it is sometimes expected to heat the compressor (Patent Literature 2).
- a water jacket connected to a flow passage branching from a water circuit is twisted around a compressor.
- the temperature of the water jacket is controlled by measuring an outlet temperature of the water jacket with a temperature sensor (e.g., Patent Literature 1).
- Patent Literature 1 the quantity of water inflowing to the water jacket which is used for the compressor of the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus is controlled based on a temperature sensed by a temperature sensor provided at the outlet of the water-jacket. For this reason, there is a problem that it is impossible to control the temperature of the compressor shell according to both the temperature of the water flowing into the water jacket and the temperature of the compressor shell.
- a heat pump apparatus includes a refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, a water jacket that is arranged on a shell of the compressor and connected in a middle of a branch path branching in parallel to a main circuit which starts flowing from a hot water storage tank to the condenser and returns to the hot water storage tank from the condenser and branching at a branch located at an inlet side of the condenser and at a branch located at an outlet side of the condenser in the main circuit, and that lets water flowing out from the hot water storage tank pass through the water jacket itself, a regulating valve that is connected in a middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket, and regulates, according to a control signal having been input, a water flow quantity, a first temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the shell of the compressor, a second temperature sensor that is installed upstream of the regulating valve and senses a temperature of water flowing out from
- the second temperature sensor is installed at one of positions in a vicinity of the branch at the inlet side, in a vicinity of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the regulating valve, and in a vicinity and upstream of the regulating valve.
- the heat pump apparatus further includes a third temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an ambient air, wherein the control apparatus generates the control signal, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and outputs the control signal having been generated to the regulating valve.
- the control apparatus calculates an ambient air temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of an ambient air temperature, based on the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and a shell temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of a temperature of the shell of the compressor, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, and generates a temperature increase rate dependent control signal, which is a second control signal for controlling the regulating valve, based on a high-low relation between the ambient air temperature increase rate and the shell temperature increase rate.
- a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus that can control the temperature of the compressor, based on the water temperature of a water circuit and the temperature of the compressor.
- Fig. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a (heat pump apparatus) according to Embodiment 1.
- the refrigerant circuit side through which refrigerant circulates, starts from the discharge side of a compressor 2, passes through a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 (condenser), an expansion valve 4, and an air heat exchanger 5 (evaporator), and connects to the inlet side of the compressor 2.
- the refrigeration cycle includes the compressor 2, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, the expansion valve 4, and the air heat exchanger 5.
- the water circuit side through which a circulating pump 40 circulates water, configures a main water circuit 7 (main circuit) that starts from a hot water storage tank 30, passes through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and returns to the hot water storage tank 30. That is, the main water circuit 7 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 from the hot water storage tank 30, and flows out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 to return to the hot water storage tank 30.
- a branch water circuit 8 (branch path) is connected in parallel to the main water circuit 7. Before flowing to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 from the main water circuit 7, the branch water circuit 8 branches from the main water circuit 7. That is, the branch water circuit 8 branches in parallel to the main water circuit 7, at the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 and at the branch B at the outlet side of it.
- the branch water circuit 8 branches from the main water circuit 7 at the branch A before the flow into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and, through a water flow valve 9 and a water jacket 10, joins the main water circuit 7 having flowed out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 at the branch B.
- the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a is provided with the refrigeration cycle, which includes the compressor 2, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, the expansion valve 4, and the air heat exchanger 5, the water flow valve 9 (regulating valve), the water jacket 10, a shell temperature detection sensor 6 (first sensor), a water temperature sensor 11 (second sensor), and a control apparatus 20a.
- Fig. 2 shows a hardware structure of the control apparatus 20a.
- the control apparatus 20a includes a CPU 810 (Central Processing Unit) which executes programs.
- the CPU 810 is connected via a bus 825 to a ROM (Read Only Memory) 811, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 812, and an I/F (Interface) unit 816, and controls these hardware devices.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- I/F Interface
- the ROM 811 is an example of a nonvolatile memory.
- the ROM 811 there are stored programs that execute functions of the control apparatus 20a and set values T 1 , T 2 , etc. that are to be described later.
- the programs of the ROM 811 are read out and executed by the CPU 810.
- the RAM 812 is an example of a volatile memory.
- the RAM 812 there are stored temperatures sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11, a control signal to be transmitted to the water flow valve 9, information on "judgment result”, “calculation result”, “generation result”, “processing result”, etc. performed by the CPU 810, data, signal values, variable values, parameters, etc.
- the ROM 811 and the RAM 812 are examples of a storage device or a storage unit.
- the I/F unit 816 is an example of a communication unit.
- the I/F unit 816 is connected to the water flow valve 9, the shell temperature detection sensor 6, the water temperature sensor 11, etc.
- high temperature refrigerant 51 discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3. After giving heat to low temperature water 61 of the main water circuit 7, the high temperature refrigerant 51, as low temperature refrigerant 52, passes through the expansion valve 4 and the air heat exchanger 5, and returns to the inlet side of the compressor 2.
- the low temperature water 61 flowing from the hot water storage tank 30 by the circulating pump 40 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and since the temperature of the water increases by performing heat exchange with the high temperature refrigerant 51, becomes high temperature water 62 whose temperature is higher than that of the low temperature water 61 and returns to the hot water storage tank 30.
- the control apparatus 20a opens the water flow valve 9 in order to flow water through the water jacket 10.
- the compressor 2 is heated due to letting the water flow through the water jacket 10. That is, the control apparatus 20a inputs temperatures (detection signals) sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11, and compares T(6) with T(11). Then, if it is judged that T(6) ⁇ T(11), the control apparatus 20a generates a control signal indicating to open the water flow valve 9 and outputs it to the water flow valve 9.
- the control apparatus 20a inputs temperatures (detection signals) sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11, and compares T(6) with T(11). Then, if it is judged that T(6) > T(11), the control apparatus 20a generates a control signal indicating to open the water flow valve 9 and outputs it to the water flow valve 9.
- the control apparatus 200a does not apply the Expressions 1 and 2 as they are.
- T(6)>T(11) it may be acceptable not to open the water flow valve 9 (when not expecting to cool the compressor by the water any more) if the temperature sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 is less than or equal to a certain set value T 2 . That is, when T 2 ⁇ T 6 > T 11 the water flow valve 9 is not opened since it is not necessary to cool the compressor 2.
- Fig. 3 typically shows the cases of Expressions 3 and 4.
- the arrow indicates a temperature T.
- (a) of Fig. 3 shows the Expression 3. That is, when T(6) is greater than or equal to the set value T 1 , even if T(6) ⁇ T(11) is satisfied, the control apparatus 20a does not open the water flow valve 9.
- (b) of Fig. 3 shows the Expression 4. That is, when T(6) is less than or equal to the set value T 2 , even if T(6) > T(11) is satisfied, the control apparatus 20a does not open the water flow valve 9.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the case where Expressions 3 and 4 are reflected in the control performed by the control apparatus 20a.
- the control apparatus 20a keeps the water flow valve 9 closed regardless of the value of T(11).
- the control apparatus 20a controls the water flow valve 9 to open. If T(6)>T(11), since it is impossible to heat the compressor 2 by using the water flow, the control apparatus 20a controls the water flow valve 9 to close.
- the control apparatus 20a controls the water flow valve 9 to open. If T(6) ⁇ T(11), since it is impossible to cool the compressor 2 by using the water flow, the control apparatus 20a controls the water flow valve 9 to close.
- a sensed temperature T(6) (hereinafter also called a shell temperature) sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 being lower than a set value T 1 (in the case of the compressor 2 being cold)
- the shell temperature T(6) is further compared with a sensed temperature T(11) (hereinafter also called a sensed water temperature) sensed by the water temperature sensor 11. Since it is possible to perform heating when the sensed water temperature T(11) is higher than the shell temperature T(6), the water flow valve 9 is opened to heat the compressor 2. Then, when the shell temperature T(6) exceeds a "set value T)+a", the water flow valve 9 is closed (heating is stopped).
- T(6) hereinafter also called a shell temperature
- T(11) hereinafter also called a sensed water temperature
- the compressor 2 shall be in a stopped condition and the water flow valve 9 shall be closed.
- control apparatus 200a starts to control the water flow of the water jacket 10.
- this control it is possible to prevent the state (accumulation/liquefaction of refrigerant) in which refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle melts, as liquid refrigerant, into refrigerant oil of the compressor 2 in a stopped condition.
- the control apparatus 200a compares a shell temperature T(6) with a set value T 1 (e.g., 5 °C). Since it is not necessary to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the set value T 1 , the control apparatus 200a keeps the water flow valve 9 closed (S109). On the other hand, since it is necessary to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the set value T 1 , the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a sensed water temperature T(11) in order to judge whether heating can be performed by using the water flow or not (S 104). Since it is impossible to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a keeps the water flow valve 9 closed (S110). On the other hand, since it is possible to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a controls the water flow valve 9 to open (S105).
- T 1 e.g., 5 °C
- Fig. 5 there will be explained the case of cooling the compressor 2 by the control apparatus 200a while the compressor 2 is in operation.
- the brief summary of Fig. 5 is as follows: In the case of a shell temperature T(6) being higher than a set value T 2 (in the state of the compressor 2 being overheated), the shell temperature T(6) is further compared with a sensed water temperature T(11) detected by the water temperature sensor 11. Since it is possible to perform cooling when the sensed water temperature T(11) is lower than the shell temperature T(6), the water flow valve 9 is opened to cool the compressor 2. Then, when the shell temperature T(6) becomes less than a "set value T 2 + ⁇ ", the water flow valve 9 is closed (cooling is stopped).
- the flowchart of Fig. 5 will now be explained.
- control apparatus 200a starts to control the water flow of the water jacket 10.
- the compressor 2 in operation is prevented from being overheated by this control.
- the control apparatus 200a compares a shell temperature T(6) with a set value T 2 (e.g., 90 °C). Since it is not necessary to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the set value T 2 , the control apparatus 200a keeps the water flow valve 9 closed (S209). On the other hand, since it is necessary to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) > the set value T 2 , the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a sensed water temperature T(11) in order to judge whether cooling can be performed by using the water flow or not (S204). Since it is impossible to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) ⁇ the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a keeps the water flow valve 9 closed (S210). On the other hand, since it is possible to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) > the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a controls the water flow valve 9 to open (S205).
- T 2 e.g. 90 °C
- FIG. 6 shows the installation position of the water temperature sensor 11.
- Fig. 1 shows the case in which the water temperature sensor 11 is installed in the vicinity of the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, since what is needed for the water temperature sensor 11 is only to sense a temperature of water before inflowing to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, it is also preferable to install the water temperature sensor, as shown in Fig. 6 as a water temperature sensor 11-1, to be in the vicinity of the branch water circuit 8 between the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 and the water flow valve 9.
- the water temperature sensor may be installed to be upstream of and in the vicinity of the water flow valve 9, in the branch water circuit 8.
- the control apparatus 20a judges to control the water flow valve 9 for flowing water to the water jacket 10, based on temperatures sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11. Therefore, depending on the compressor 2 (temperature of the compressor 2) and the water temperature, it is possible to collect useless heat loss from the compressor 2 or to reduce electric power for keeping the compressor 2 warm (to reduce standby electricity).
- the shell temperature detection sensor 6 is a sensor originally existing for controlling the refrigerant
- the water temperature sensor 11 is a sensor originally existing for controlling the temperature of hot water to be supplied.
- the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1b of Embodiment 2 further includes an ambient air temperature sensor 12 (third temperature sensor) that senses an ambient air temperature.
- control apparatus 20a judges to control the water flow valve 9, based on temperatures sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11.
- a control apparatus 20b also uses a temperature sensed by the ambient air temperature sensor 12.
- Fig. 7 shows a configuration diagram of the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1b according to Embodiment 2.
- Fig. 7 differs from Fig. 1 of Embodiment 1 in that the ambient air temperature sensor 12 is arranged.
- the function of the control apparatus 20b slightly differs from that of the control apparatus 20a. That is, the control apparatus 20b judges to control the water flow valve 9 for flowing water to the water jacket 10, based on three types of temperatures sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6, the water temperature sensor 11, and the ambient air temperature sensor 12. That is, the control apparatus 20b generates a signal for controlling the water flow valve 9, based on the temperatures sensed by the three types of sensors, and outputs it to the water flow valve 9.
- the control apparatus 20b In addition to the generation of the control signal of Embodiment 1, the control apparatus 20b generates a control signal (a temperature increase rate dependent control signal) described below, and outputs it to the water flow valve 9. That is, when an increase rate per unit time of an ambient air temperature (sensed by the ambient air temperature sensor 12) is faster than that of the shell temperature of the compressor 2 (sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6), the control apparatus 20b judges that there is a large amount of accumulation/liquefaction of refrigerant in the compressor 2, generates a control signal indicating to open the water flow valve 9, and outputs it to the water flow valve 9. That is, in such a case, regardless of high or low of the sensed temperature, the increase rate (speed) of each sensed temperature is subject to judgment.
- a control signal a temperature increase rate dependent control signal
- the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus having higher reliability can be provided.
- the ambient air temperature sensor 12 is also a sensor originally existing, the above-described effect can be obtained without adding sensors and cost increase caused by adding the sensors.
- Refrigerant accumulation/liquefaction occurs only when the compressor 2 is in a stopped condition. If the compressor 2 begins to operate in the state where the refrigerant has accumulated and liquefied while the compressor 2 has been stopped (the state where lubricating oil in the compressor has been diluted by the refrigerant), seizure etc. occurs due to poor lubrication of the sliding part of the compressor 2. While the compressor is in a stopped condition, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit tends to be collected and condensed as liquid (accumulation/liquefaction) at the portion of the lowest temperature in the refrigerant circuit.
- the control apparatus 20b firstly compares the temperature variation range per unit time of the ambient air temperature and that of the compressor shell temperature.
- the control apparatus 20b controls the water flow valve 9 to open.
- the control apparatus 20b provides control to close the water flow valve 9.
- Embodiment 1 since the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 30 may be affected (temperature decrease) by letting water flow through the water jacket 10, and since there may a need for increasing output of the circulating pump 40 in order to let water flow through the water jacket 10 (in order to overcome the flow passage resistance), power consumption may increase as the whole system. Then, in such a case, the accuracy of judging whether it is in the state of refrigerant accumulation/liquefaction being likely to occur in the compressor 2 or not can be enhanced by adding the ambient air temperature sensor 12 compared with the case of using the two sensors of the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11. Thereby, it is possible to inhibit the influence on the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 30, and to inhibit the increase of power consumption of the circulating pump 40.
- the water flow valve 9 is explained as a stop valve which performs opening or closing. This however describes an example, and the function of the water flow valve 9 may be the one capable of regulating the quantity of water flow in multiple stages.
- the control apparatus 20a (or the control apparatus 20b) generates and outputs control signals responsive to the multiple stages, based on temperatures sensed by the sensors. The type of a control signal to be generated is programmed in advance.
- the function of the water flow valve 9 may be the one capable of continuously regulating the quantity of water flow. Also, in that case, the control apparatus 20a (or the control apparatus 20b) generates and outputs a control signal responsive to the continuous regulating, based on temperatures sensed by the sensors. The type of a control signal to be generated is programmed in advance.
- the heat pump apparatus is explained in Embodiments 1 and 2, it is also acceptable to comprehend the heat pump apparatus as a regulating valve control method by which a control apparatus controls a water flow valve (regulating valve). That is, with regard to a heat pump apparatus provided with a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, the water jacket 10, the water flow valve 9 connected in the middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket and controlled according to an input control signal, the shell temperature detection sensor 6, and the water temperature sensor 11, it is possible to comprehend the heat pump apparatus as a regulating valve control method by which a control apparatus controls the water flow valve 9, based on the temperatures sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 11.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus.
- Since a compressor of a refrigeration cycle becomes a high temperature during the operation, it is sometimes expected to cool the compressor (Patent Literature 1). Moreover, as a measure for the state of refrigerant being accumulated (called accumulation/liquefaction) in the compressor, it is sometimes expected to heat the compressor (Patent Literature 2).
- In a conventional heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus, a water jacket connected to a flow passage branching from a water circuit is twisted around a compressor. The temperature of the water jacket is controlled by measuring an outlet temperature of the water jacket with a temperature sensor (e.g., Patent Literature 1).
- There is disclosed a technique wherein a heating unit using warm water is provided at the lower part of a compressor, and the flow quantity of warm water to the heating unit is controlled based on a temperature sensed by a temperature sensor that detects a shell temperature of the compressor (e.g., Patent Literature 2).
-
- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
2002-372318 Fig. 5 ) - Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
2007-298254 page 11,Fig. 1 ) - According to Patent Literature 1, the quantity of water inflowing to the water jacket which is used for the compressor of the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus is controlled based on a temperature sensed by a temperature sensor provided at the outlet of the water-jacket. For this reason, there is a problem that it is impossible to control the temperature of the compressor shell according to both the temperature of the water flowing into the water jacket and the temperature of the compressor shell.
- Further, there is another problem that when the quantity of water inflowing to a water jacket is controlled based on only a temperature of the compressor shell, it is only possible to have either one of the functions of heating and cooling the compressor shell.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus capable of controlling the temperature of the compressor shell according to the temperature of water and the temperature of the compressor.
- Furthermore, it is another object of the present invention to provide a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus having a function of switching between heating and cooling of the compressor shell.
- A heat pump apparatus according to the present invention includes
a refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator,
a water jacket that is arranged on a shell of the compressor and connected in a middle of a branch path branching in parallel to a main circuit which starts flowing from a hot water storage tank to the condenser and returns to the hot water storage tank from the condenser and branching at a branch located at an inlet side of the condenser and at a branch located at an outlet side of the condenser in the main circuit, and that lets water flowing out from the hot water storage tank pass through the water jacket itself,
a regulating valve that is connected in a middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket, and regulates, according to a control signal having been input, a water flow quantity,
a first temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the shell of the compressor,
a second temperature sensor that is installed upstream of the regulating valve and senses a temperature of water flowing out from the hot water storage tank, and
a control apparatus that generates the control signal for controlling the regulating valve, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and outputs the control signal having been generated to the regulating valve. - The second temperature sensor is installed at one of positions in a vicinity of the branch at the inlet side, in a vicinity of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the regulating valve, and in a vicinity and upstream of the regulating valve.
- The heat pump apparatus further includes a third temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an ambient air,
wherein the control apparatus generates the control signal, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and outputs the control signal having been generated to the regulating valve. - The control apparatus calculates an ambient air temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of an ambient air temperature, based on the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and a shell temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of a temperature of the shell of the compressor, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, and generates a temperature increase rate dependent control signal, which is a second control signal for controlling the regulating valve, based on a high-low relation between the ambient air temperature increase rate and the shell temperature increase rate.
- A method, according to the present invention, for controlling a regulating valve in a heat pump apparatus provided with a refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator; a water jacket that is arranged on a shell of the compressor and connected in a middle of a branch path branching in parallel to a main circuit which starts flowing from a hot water storage tank to the condenser and returns to the hot water storage tank from the condenser and branching at a branch located at an inlet side of the condenser and at a branch located at an outlet side of the condenser in the main circuit, and that lets water flowing out from the hot water storage tank pass through the water jacket itself, the regulating valve that is connected in a middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket, and, by being controlled, regulates a water flow quantity, a first temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the shell of the compressor, and a second temperature sensor that is installed upstream of the regulating valve and senses a temperature of water flowing out from the hot water storage tank, the method includes
controlling, by a control apparatus, the regulating valve based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor. - According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus that can control the temperature of the compressor, based on the water temperature of a water circuit and the temperature of the compressor.
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Fig. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a according to Embodiment 1; -
Fig. 2 shows a hardware structure of acontrol apparatus 20a according to Embodiment 1; -
Fig. 3 shows a control by thecontrol apparatus 20a according to Embodiment 1; -
Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing a heating control of acompressor 2 by thecontrol apparatus 20a according to Embodiment 1; -
Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing a cooling control of thecompressor 2 by thecontrol apparatus 20a according to Embodiment 1; -
Fig. 6 shows an installation position of a water temperature sensor according to Embodiment 1; and -
Fig. 7 shows a configuration diagram of a heat pump type hot-water supplyoutdoor apparatus 1b according to Embodiment 2. -
Fig. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a (heat pump apparatus) according to Embodiment 1. - As shown in
Fig. 1 , the refrigerant circuit side, through which refrigerant circulates, starts from the discharge side of acompressor 2, passes through a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 (condenser), anexpansion valve 4, and an air heat exchanger 5 (evaporator), and connects to the inlet side of thecompressor 2. The refrigeration cycle includes thecompressor 2, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, theexpansion valve 4, and the air heat exchanger 5. - The water circuit side, through which a circulating
pump 40 circulates water, configures a main water circuit 7 (main circuit) that starts from a hotwater storage tank 30, passes through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and returns to the hotwater storage tank 30. That is, themain water circuit 7 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 from the hotwater storage tank 30, and flows out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 to return to the hotwater storage tank 30. - As shown in
Fig. 1 , a branch water circuit 8 (branch path) is connected in parallel to themain water circuit 7. Before flowing to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 from themain water circuit 7, thebranch water circuit 8 branches from themain water circuit 7. That is, thebranch water circuit 8 branches in parallel to themain water circuit 7, at the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 and at the branch B at the outlet side of it. Thebranch water circuit 8 branches from themain water circuit 7 at the branch A before the flow into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and, through awater flow valve 9 and awater jacket 10, joins themain water circuit 7 having flowed out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 at the branch B. - The heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a is provided with the refrigeration cycle, which includes the
compressor 2, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, theexpansion valve 4, and the air heat exchanger 5, the water flow valve 9 (regulating valve), thewater jacket 10, a shell temperature detection sensor 6 (first sensor), a water temperature sensor 11 (second sensor), and acontrol apparatus 20a. -
- (1) The
water jacket 10 is connected in the middle of thebranch water circuit 8, and arranged on the shell of thecompressor 2. Water flowing from the hotwater storage tank 30 passes through a water flow passage formed inside thewater jacket 10. - (2) The
water flow valve 9 is connected in the middle of thebranch water circuit 8, between the inlet side branch A and thewater jacket 10, and regulates the quantity of water flow, according to an input control signal from thecontrol apparatus 20a. - (3) The shell
temperature detection sensor 6 senses a temperature of the shell of thecompressor 2. - (4) The
water temperature sensor 11, installed upstream of thewater flow valve 9 and before themain water circuit 7 flowing into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, senses a temperature of the water flowing out of the hot water storage tank 30 (water before inflowing to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3).Fig. 1 shows the case in which thewater temperature sensor 11 is installed in the vicinity of the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3. - (5) The
control apparatus 20a generates a control signal for controlling thewater flow valve 9, based on temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11, and outputs the control signal to thewater flow valve 9. -
Fig. 2 shows a hardware structure of thecontrol apparatus 20a. InFig. 2 , thecontrol apparatus 20a includes a CPU 810 (Central Processing Unit) which executes programs. TheCPU 810 is connected via abus 825 to a ROM (Read Only Memory) 811, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 812, and an I/F (Interface)unit 816, and controls these hardware devices. - The
ROM 811 is an example of a nonvolatile memory. In theROM 811, there are stored programs that execute functions of thecontrol apparatus 20a and set values T1, T2, etc. that are to be described later. The programs of theROM 811 are read out and executed by theCPU 810. TheRAM 812 is an example of a volatile memory. In theRAM 812, there are stored temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11, a control signal to be transmitted to thewater flow valve 9, information on "judgment result", "calculation result", "generation result", "processing result", etc. performed by theCPU 810, data, signal values, variable values, parameters, etc. TheROM 811 and theRAM 812 are examples of a storage device or a storage unit. - The I/
F unit 816 is an example of a communication unit. The I/F unit 816 is connected to thewater flow valve 9, the shelltemperature detection sensor 6, thewater temperature sensor 11, etc. - Now, with reference to
Fig. 1 , the operation of the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a will be described. - In the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a,
high temperature refrigerant 51 discharged from thecompressor 2 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3. After giving heat tolow temperature water 61 of themain water circuit 7, thehigh temperature refrigerant 51, aslow temperature refrigerant 52, passes through theexpansion valve 4 and the air heat exchanger 5, and returns to the inlet side of thecompressor 2. - As the movement of the water side, the
low temperature water 61 flowing from the hotwater storage tank 30 by the circulatingpump 40 flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, and since the temperature of the water increases by performing heat exchange with thehigh temperature refrigerant 51, becomeshigh temperature water 62 whose temperature is higher than that of thelow temperature water 61 and returns to the hotwater storage tank 30. - The brief summary of the basic operation of the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a is the following two points:
- First, when a temperature T(11) sensed by the
water temperature sensor 11 is higher than a temperature T(6) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6, that is when
thecontrol apparatus 20a opens thewater flow valve 9 in order to flow water through thewater jacket 10. Thecompressor 2 is heated due to letting the water flow through thewater jacket 10. That is, thecontrol apparatus 20a inputs temperatures (detection signals) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11, and compares T(6) with T(11). Then, if it is judged that T(6) < T(11), thecontrol apparatus 20a generates a control signal indicating to open thewater flow valve 9 and outputs it to thewater flow valve 9. - Thus, by warming the
compressor 2 by the heat of the water, it is possible to prevent accumulation/liquefaction of the refrigerant in thecompressor 2 and improve rising capacity in the state of a low ambient air temperature. - On the other hand, when the temperature T(11) sensed by the
water temperature sensor 11 is lower than the temperature T(6) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6, that is when
thecompressor 2 is cooled due to opening thewater flow valve 9 to let the water flow through thewater jacket 10. That is, thecontrol apparatus 20a inputs temperatures (detection signals) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11, and compares T(6) with T(11). Then, if it is judged that T(6) > T(11), thecontrol apparatus 20a generates a control signal indicating to open thewater flow valve 9 and outputs it to thewater flow valve 9. - In the case of the
basic operation 2, it is possible to effectively collect heat loss of thecompressor 2 by making the heat loss from thecompressor 2 be absorbed by water so as to return it to themain water circuit 7. Moreover, without a special protective device, it is possible to prevent thecompressor 2 from becoming extraordinarily overheated. - The control apparatus 200a does not apply the
Expressions 1 and 2 as they are. TheExpressions 1 and 2 only show the outline of controlling heating and cooling of thecompressor 2 performed by the control apparatus 200a. If theExpressions 1 and 2 are applied as they are, the control apparatus 200a would provide control to close thewater flow valve 9 only when T(6)=T(11), and provide control to open thewater flow valve 9 when other than the above. Specifically, the control apparatus 200a performs the following control, for example. - Even when temperatures sensed by the sensors satisfy T(6) < T(11) of the Expression 1, it may be acceptable not to open the water flow valve 9 (when not expecting to heat the compressor by the water any more) if the temperature sensed by the shell
temperature detection sensor 6 is greater than or equal to a certain set value T1. That is, when the temperature sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 is greater than or equal to the certain temperature T1, namely when
thewater flow valve 9 is not opened since it is not necessary to warm thecompressor 2. - In contrast, even when T(6)>T(11) is satisfied, it may be acceptable not to open the water flow valve 9 (when not expecting to cool the compressor by the water any more) if the temperature sensed by the shell
temperature detection sensor 6 is less than or equal to a certain set value T2. That is, when
thewater flow valve 9 is not opened since it is not necessary to cool thecompressor 2. -
Fig. 3 typically shows the cases ofExpressions Fig. 3 shows theExpression 3. That is, when T(6) is greater than or equal to the set value T1, even if T(6) < T(11) is satisfied, thecontrol apparatus 20a does not open thewater flow valve 9. (b) ofFig. 3 shows theExpression 4. That is, when T(6) is less than or equal to the set value T2, even if T(6) > T(11) is satisfied, thecontrol apparatus 20a does not open thewater flow valve 9. - (c) of
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the case whereExpressions control apparatus 20a. - When T(6) is in the range of T1≤T(6)≤T2, the
control apparatus 20a keeps thewater flow valve 9 closed regardless of the value of T(11). - When T(6)<T1, the
compressor 2 needs to be heated. Therefore, under this condition, if T(6)<T(11) is further satisfied, thecontrol apparatus 20a controls thewater flow valve 9 to open.
If T(6)>T(11), since it is impossible to heat thecompressor 2 by using the water flow, thecontrol apparatus 20a controls thewater flow valve 9 to close. - When T(6)>T2, the
compressor 2 needs to be cooled. Therefore, if T(6)>T(11) is further satisfied, thecontrol apparatus 20a controls thewater flow valve 9 to open.
If T(6)<T(11), since it is impossible to cool thecompressor 2 by using the water flow, thecontrol apparatus 20a controls thewater flow valve 9 to close. - Furthermore, with reference to
Figs. 4 and5 , controlling the temperature of thecompressor 2 performed by the control apparatus 200a shown inFig. 3 will be described. -
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of heating thecompressor 2 in order to prevent accumulation/liquefaction of the refrigerant, when starting the operation of thecompressor 2. -
Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of cooling thecompressor 2 in order to prevent overheating of thecompressor 2, while thecompressor 2 is in operation. - In
Figs. 4 and5 , before starting the control performed by the control apparatus 200a, it is supposed that thewater flow valve 9 is closed. - First, with reference to
Fig. 4 , there will be explained the case of heating thecompressor 2 by the control apparatus 200a when starting the operation of thecompressor 2. The brief summary ofFig. 4 is as follows: In the case of a sensed temperature T(6) (hereinafter also called a shell temperature) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 being lower than a set value T1 (in the case of thecompressor 2 being cold), the shell temperature T(6) is further compared with a sensed temperature T(11) (hereinafter also called a sensed water temperature) sensed by thewater temperature sensor 11. Since it is possible to perform heating when the sensed water temperature T(11) is higher than the shell temperature T(6), thewater flow valve 9 is opened to heat thecompressor 2. Then, when the shell temperature T(6) exceeds a "set value T)+a", thewater flow valve 9 is closed (heating is stopped). The flowchart ofFig. 4 will now be explained. - In S 101, the
compressor 2 shall be in a stopped condition and thewater flow valve 9 shall be closed. - In S 102, the control apparatus 200a starts to control the water flow of the
water jacket 10. By this control, it is possible to prevent the state (accumulation/liquefaction of refrigerant) in which refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle melts, as liquid refrigerant, into refrigerant oil of thecompressor 2 in a stopped condition. - In S103, the control apparatus 200a compares a shell temperature T(6) with a set value T1 (e.g., 5 °C). Since it is not necessary to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ≥ the set value T1, the control apparatus 200a keeps the
water flow valve 9 closed (S109).
On the other hand, since it is necessary to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) < the set value T1, the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a sensed water temperature T(11) in order to judge whether heating can be performed by using the water flow or not (S 104).
Since it is impossible to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) ≥ the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a keeps thewater flow valve 9 closed (S110).
On the other hand, since it is possible to perform heating when the shell temperature T(6) < the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a controls thewater flow valve 9 to open (S105). - In S106, the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a "set value T1+α " (e.g., T1=5 °C, α=5 °C). That is, the control apparatus 200a judges whether the
compressor 2 has been heated up to the required temperature "set value T1+α "(10 °C) or not. When the shell temperature T(11) exceeds the "set value T1+α " (judging that heating is completed), the control apparatus 200a provides control to close the water flow valve 9 (S107) to finish the control processing (S108). - Next, with reference to
Fig. 5 , there will be explained the case of cooling thecompressor 2 by the control apparatus 200a while thecompressor 2 is in operation. The brief summary ofFig. 5 is as follows: In the case of a shell temperature T(6) being higher than a set value T2 (in the state of thecompressor 2 being overheated), the shell temperature T(6) is further compared with a sensed water temperature T(11) detected by thewater temperature sensor 11. Since it is possible to perform cooling when the sensed water temperature T(11) is lower than the shell temperature T(6), thewater flow valve 9 is opened to cool thecompressor 2. Then, when the shell temperature T(6) becomes less than a "set value T2+β", thewater flow valve 9 is closed (cooling is stopped). The flowchart ofFig. 5 will now be explained. - In S201, the
compressor 2 shall be in operation and thewater flow valve 9 shall be closed. - In S202, the control apparatus 200a starts to control the water flow of the
water jacket 10. Thecompressor 2 in operation is prevented from being overheated by this control. - In S203, the control apparatus 200a compares a shell temperature T(6) with a set value T2 (e.g., 90 °C). Since it is not necessary to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) ≤ the set value T2, the control apparatus 200a keeps the
water flow valve 9 closed (S209).
On the other hand, since it is necessary to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) > the set value T2, the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a sensed water temperature T(11) in order to judge whether cooling can be performed by using the water flow or not (S204).
Since it is impossible to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) ≤ the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a keeps thewater flow valve 9 closed (S210).
On the other hand, since it is possible to perform cooling when the shell temperature T(6) > the sensed water temperature T(11), the control apparatus 200a controls thewater flow valve 9 to open (S205). - In S206, the control apparatus 200a compares the shell temperature T(6) with a "set value T2+β" (e.g., T= 90 °C, β= -10 °C). That is, the control apparatus 200a judges whether the
compressor 2 has been cooled down to the required temperature "set value To+β" (80 °C) or not. When the shell temperature T(11) becomes less than the "set value T2+β" (judging that cooling is completed), the control apparatus 200a provides control to close the water flow valve 9 (S207) to finish the control processing (S208). - With reference to
Fig. 6 , an installation position of thewater temperature sensor 11 will be explained.Fig. 6 shows the installation position of thewater temperature sensor 11. AlthoughFig. 1 shows the case in which thewater temperature sensor 11 is installed in the vicinity of the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, since what is needed for thewater temperature sensor 11 is only to sense a temperature of water before inflowing to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3, it is also preferable to install the water temperature sensor, as shown inFig. 6 as a water temperature sensor 11-1, to be in the vicinity of thebranch water circuit 8 between the branch A at the inlet side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 and thewater flow valve 9. Alternatively, as shown as a water temperature sensor 11-2, the water temperature sensor may be installed to be upstream of and in the vicinity of thewater flow valve 9, in thebranch water circuit 8. - As described above, the
control apparatus 20a judges to control thewater flow valve 9 for flowing water to thewater jacket 10, based on temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11. Therefore, depending on the compressor 2 (temperature of the compressor 2) and the water temperature, it is possible to collect useless heat loss from thecompressor 2 or to reduce electric power for keeping thecompressor 2 warm (to reduce standby electricity). The shelltemperature detection sensor 6 is a sensor originally existing for controlling the refrigerant, and thewater temperature sensor 11 is a sensor originally existing for controlling the temperature of hot water to be supplied. Thus, the above-described effect can be obtained without the time and effort to add sensors and cost increase caused by adding the sensors. - With reference to
Fig. 7 , a heat pump type hot-water supplyoutdoor apparatus 1b according toEmbodiment 2 will be described. Compared with the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus 1a of Embodiment 1, the heat pump type hot-water supplyoutdoor apparatus 1b ofEmbodiment 2 further includes an ambient air temperature sensor 12 (third temperature sensor) that senses an ambient air temperature. - In Embodiment 1, the
control apparatus 20a judges to control thewater flow valve 9, based on temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11. InEmbodiment 2, a control apparatus 20b also uses a temperature sensed by the ambientair temperature sensor 12. -
Fig. 7 shows a configuration diagram of the heat pump type hot-water supplyoutdoor apparatus 1b according toEmbodiment 2.Fig. 7 differs fromFig. 1 of Embodiment 1 in that the ambientair temperature sensor 12 is arranged. Thereby, the function of the control apparatus 20b slightly differs from that of thecontrol apparatus 20a. That is, the control apparatus 20b judges to control thewater flow valve 9 for flowing water to thewater jacket 10, based on three types of temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6, thewater temperature sensor 11, and the ambientair temperature sensor 12. That is, the control apparatus 20b generates a signal for controlling thewater flow valve 9, based on the temperatures sensed by the three types of sensors, and outputs it to thewater flow valve 9. - In addition to the generation of the control signal of Embodiment 1, the control apparatus 20b generates a control signal (a temperature increase rate dependent control signal) described below, and outputs it to the
water flow valve 9. That is, when an increase rate per unit time of an ambient air temperature (sensed by the ambient air temperature sensor 12) is faster than that of the shell temperature of the compressor 2 (sensed by the shell temperature detection sensor 6), the control apparatus 20b judges that there is a large amount of accumulation/liquefaction of refrigerant in thecompressor 2, generates a control signal indicating to open thewater flow valve 9, and outputs it to thewater flow valve 9. That is, in such a case, regardless of high or low of the sensed temperature, the increase rate (speed) of each sensed temperature is subject to judgment. - By this control, the heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus having higher reliability can be provided. In addition, since the ambient
air temperature sensor 12 is also a sensor originally existing, the above-described effect can be obtained without adding sensors and cost increase caused by adding the sensors. - Furthermore, specific explanation will be described. Refrigerant accumulation/liquefaction occurs only when the
compressor 2 is in a stopped condition. If thecompressor 2 begins to operate in the state where the refrigerant has accumulated and liquefied while thecompressor 2 has been stopped (the state where lubricating oil in the compressor has been diluted by the refrigerant), seizure etc. occurs due to poor lubrication of the sliding part of thecompressor 2. While the compressor is in a stopped condition, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit tends to be collected and condensed as liquid (accumulation/liquefaction) at the portion of the lowest temperature in the refrigerant circuit. When the shell temperature of thecompressor 2 is low, though it is certain that refi-igerant is easily accumulated/liquefied in thecompressor 2, it is not an absolute value, in a precise sense, of the compressor shell temperature. Refrigerant tends to collect at a part, in each part of the refrigerant circuit, having a temperature increase rate slower than that of the ambient air temperature (surrounding temperature) because the part is colder at the time. Note that this phenomenon occurs while thecompressor 2 is in a stopped condition. Generally, since thecompressor 2 has a high heat capacity (difficult to warm) in the parts of the refrigerant circuit, refrigerant becomes collected (accumulated/liquefied) in thecompressor 2. Therefore, when a difference between the increase rate of the ambient air temperature and that of the shell temperature of thecompressor 2 can be sensed by dint of adding the ambientair temperature sensor 12, it becomes possible to judge whether it is in the state where accumulation/liquefaction of the refrigerant easily occurs in thecompressor 2 or not. That is, according toEmbodiment 2, the control apparatus 20b firstly compares the temperature variation range per unit time of the ambient air temperature and that of the compressor shell temperature. When the variation range in the direction of temperature increase of the ambient air temperature is larger than that of the shell temperature of thecompressor 2, namely when the temperature increase rate of the ambient air temperature > the temperature increase rate of the compressor shell, since it can be judged that possibility of refrigerant accumulation/liquefaction in thecompressor 2 is high (the range in which heating should be performed), the control apparatus 20b controls thewater flow valve 9 to open. However, with regard to the temperature T(6) sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and the temperature T(11) sensed by thewater temperature sensor 11, when T(6)>T(11), it is impossible to heat thecompressor 2 even if thewater flow valve 9 is opened. Therefore, in such a case, the control apparatus 20b provides control to close thewater flow valve 9. - According to Embodiment 1, since the water temperature in the hot
water storage tank 30 may be affected (temperature decrease) by letting water flow through thewater jacket 10, and since there may a need for increasing output of the circulatingpump 40 in order to let water flow through the water jacket 10 (in order to overcome the flow passage resistance), power consumption may increase as the whole system. Then, in such a case, the accuracy of judging whether it is in the state of refrigerant accumulation/liquefaction being likely to occur in thecompressor 2 or not can be enhanced by adding the ambientair temperature sensor 12 compared with the case of using the two sensors of the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11. Thereby, it is possible to inhibit the influence on the water temperature in the hotwater storage tank 30, and to inhibit the increase of power consumption of the circulatingpump 40. - In
Embodiments 1 and 2, thewater flow valve 9 is explained as a stop valve which performs opening or closing. This however describes an example, and the function of thewater flow valve 9 may be the one capable of regulating the quantity of water flow in multiple stages. Thecontrol apparatus 20a (or the control apparatus 20b) generates and outputs control signals responsive to the multiple stages, based on temperatures sensed by the sensors. The type of a control signal to be generated is programmed in advance. Moreover, the function of thewater flow valve 9 may be the one capable of continuously regulating the quantity of water flow. Also, in that case, thecontrol apparatus 20a (or the control apparatus 20b) generates and outputs a control signal responsive to the continuous regulating, based on temperatures sensed by the sensors. The type of a control signal to be generated is programmed in advance. - Although the heat pump apparatus is explained in
Embodiments 1 and 2, it is also acceptable to comprehend the heat pump apparatus as a regulating valve control method by which a control apparatus controls a water flow valve (regulating valve). That is, with regard to a heat pump apparatus provided with a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, thewater jacket 10, thewater flow valve 9 connected in the middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket and controlled according to an input control signal, the shelltemperature detection sensor 6, and thewater temperature sensor 11, it is possible to comprehend the heat pump apparatus as a regulating valve control method by which a control apparatus controls thewater flow valve 9, based on the temperatures sensed by the shelltemperature detection sensor 6 and thewater temperature sensor 11. - 1a, 1b Heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus, 2 Compressor, 3 Water-refrigerant heat exchanger, 4 Expansion valve, 5 Air heat exchanger, 6 Shell temperature detection sensor, 7 Main water circuit, 8 Branch water circuit, 9 Water flow valve, 10 Water jacket, 11 Water temperature sensor, 12 Ambient air temperature sensor, 20a, 20b Control apparatus, 30 Hot water storage tank, 40 Circulating pump
Claims (5)
- A heat pump apparatus comprising:a refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator;a water jacket that is arranged on a shell of the compressor and connected in a middle of a branch path branching in parallel to a main circuit which starts flowing from a hot water storage tank to the condenser and returns to the hot water storage tank from the condenser and branching at a branch located at an inlet side of the condenser and at a branch located at an outlet side of the condenser in the main circuit, and that lets water flowing out from the hot water storage tank pass through the water jacket itself;a regulating valve that is connected in a middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket, and regulates, according to a control signal having been input, a water flow quantity;a first temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the shell of the compressor;a second temperature sensor that is installed upstream of the regulating valve and senses a temperature of water flowing out from the hot water storage tank; anda control apparatus that generates the control signal for controlling the regulating valve, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and outputs the control signal having been generated to the regulating valve.
- The heat pump apparatus according to Claim 1,
wherein the second temperature sensor is installed at one of positions in a vicinity of the branch at the inlet side, in a vicinity of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the regulating valve, and in a vicinity and upstream of the regulating valve. - The heat pump apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, further comprising
a third temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an ambient air,
wherein the control apparatus generates the control signal, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor, and the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and outputs the control signal having been generated to the regulating valve. - The heat pump apparatus according to Claim 3,
wherein the control apparatus calculates an ambient air temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of an ambient air temperature, based on the temperature sensed by the third temperature sensor, and a shell temperature increase rate, which indicates an increase rate of a temperature of the shell of the compressor, based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor, and generates a temperature increase rate dependent control signal, which is a second control signal for controlling the regulating valve, based on a high-low relation between the ambient air temperature increase rate and the shell temperature increase rate. - A method for controlling a regulating valve in a heat pump apparatus provided with a refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator; a water jacket that is arranged on a shell of the compressor and connected in a middle of a branch path branching in parallel to a main circuit which starts flowing from a hot water storage tank to the condenser and returns to the hot water storage tank from the condenser and branching at a branch located at an inlet side of the condenser and at a branch located at an outlet side of the condenser in the main circuit, and that lets water flowing out from the hot water storage tank pass through the water jacket itself, the regulating valve that is connected in a middle of the branch path between the branch at the inlet side and the water jacket, and, by being controlled, regulates a water flow quantity, a first temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the shell of the compressor, and a second temperature sensor that is installed upstream of the regulating valve and senses a temperature of water flowing out from the hot water storage tank, the method comprising:controlling, by a control apparatus, the regulating valve based on the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor and the temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/059138 WO2010134153A1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2009-05-18 | Heat pump device and method of controlling regulation valve |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2434231A1 true EP2434231A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
EP2434231A4 EP2434231A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
EP2434231B1 EP2434231B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
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EP09844887.1A Active EP2434231B1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2009-05-18 | Heat pump device and method of controlling regulation valve |
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US (1) | US20120055178A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2434231B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5328902B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010134153A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2434231B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
EP2434231A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20120055178A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
JPWO2010134153A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
JP5328902B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
WO2010134153A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
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