EP2431700A2 - Cross-flow micro heat exchanger - Google Patents
Cross-flow micro heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- EP2431700A2 EP2431700A2 EP11007158A EP11007158A EP2431700A2 EP 2431700 A2 EP2431700 A2 EP 2431700A2 EP 11007158 A EP11007158 A EP 11007158A EP 11007158 A EP11007158 A EP 11007158A EP 2431700 A2 EP2431700 A2 EP 2431700A2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
- F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cross-flow heat exchanger, preferably a cross-flow micro heat exchanger according to the first claim.
- Cross-flow heat exchangers are well known in the art. They have a heat exchange region in which a fluid flow in a first channel group is tempered by a heat transfer fluid flow in a second, the first crossing channel group.
- Each of the channel groups has a plurality of preferably over their entire length connected in parallel and preferably also parallel channels.
- the channels per channel group - as usual in cross-flow heat exchangers - parallel to each other and preferably arranged in a straight line on a plane.
- the first and second channel groups, with or without interleaves without channels are alternately arranged plane-wise, i. Cooling or heating of the fluid stream takes place by heat transfer at the intersections, which thus form the heat transfer areas.
- a quantity of heat is transferred, wherein the fluid flow in a channel of the first group of channels passes through a plurality of intersections and thus heat transfer areas and add the amounts of heat transferred in each case.
- the entirety of the channels of a channel group preferably forms a passage through the cross-flow heat exchanger.
- a cross-flow micro heat exchanger in which the microchannels are integrated in layers as a plurality of parallel grooves on one side in metal foils.
- the films are preferably cut out square and stacked with the grooves crosswise alternately rotated by preferred 90 ° and connected together by gluing, soldering or welding, wherein the groove-structured foil sides in each case rest on an unstructured side of the adjacent foil.
- countercurrent and direct current heat exchangers are also known in which the channels of the fluid to be temperature-controlled and of the heat transfer fluid do not intersect, but are guided parallel to one another.
- cross-flow micro heat exchanger of the aforementioned type speak not only the outstanding thermal properties, described for example in [2] , but also easier compared to DC or Jacobstromebenschreibern because not intertwined to be realized and low-loss inlets and outlets fluid streams.
- the object of the invention is to propose a further improved cross-flow heat transfer system which does not have the aforementioned limitations and in particular allows a uniform temperature control of the fluids in all channels per channel group.
- the solution of the problem is based on a modification of a cross-flow heat exchanger described above.
- the channels are divided into two channel groups, each having a first channel group for the fluid to be tempered and a second channel group for the heat transfer fluid.
- the channels are arranged in layers. Each level has channels only one channel group, the levels and thus the channel groups - as described above - are stacked in preferred alternating order to a heat exchanger.
- the channels are connected in parallel for each channel group and preferably also arranged in parallel, wherein different channel groups are aligned differently and thus the channels intersect. Intermediate levels without channels or adjacent levels with channels from the same channel group are not excluded within the scope of the possible embodiments. It is essential that two channels from adjacent levels cross with different channel group membership and heat transfer areas for heat transfer between the adjacent channels arise in these intersections.
- the cross-flow heat exchanger is designed as a Kreustrom-Mikroebenziestedtrager
- the channels are micro-channels, with narrowest cross sections between 0.001 mm 2 and 1 mm 2, and preferably with closest cross-sectional dimensions between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.
- Micro heat exchanger are preferably made of plate or film stacks, wherein the microchannels of the microchannel groups are incorporated as grooves on one side or both sides in the plates or films and the films are joined together by pressing, gluing, soldering or welding to form a film stack.
- the inlets and outlets of the microchannels are laterally, for each channel group preferably on its own side surface.
- the basic idea is to equalize the fluid flows in all channels of the first and second channel group just by geometrically individual design of the intersections and thus the thermal transmission paths in the heat transfer areas in total.
- an equal temperature change of the fluid flow in the first channel group as well as the heat carrier fluid flow in the second channel group is realized in an advantageous manner in total.
- the outlet temperatures of the fluids to be tempered and the heat transfer fluid are kept in close temperature intervals.
- the risk of hypothermia or overheating of fluid components and thus crystallization or vapor formation is effectively reduced.
- This advantageously also allows a more exact maintenance and utilization of a definable temperature window and thus a use of fluids with phase transitions near the temperature window.
- both fluid flows leaving the heat exchanger per channel group have a homogeneous temperature and can be introduced directly without intervening mixer stage, for example in a reactor or another heat exchanger.
- the claimed cross-flow heat exchanger or cross-flow micro heat exchanger is thus particularly suitable for use in process engineering Processes in which both fluids used in both micro-channel groups and not only the fluid in the first micro-channel group are procedurally changed.
- both channel groups have different geometric dimensions in their channels (e.g., cross-section, width) and / or in channel spacings and / or land widths.
- the channel width or the channel cross-section increases in the direction upstream of the respective other channel group, ie. to the respective fluid inlets of the other channel group towards.
- the object is achieved by a cross-flow micro heat exchanger, in which the channels are formed in two channel groups per level with different, preferably stepped cross-sections.
- the depth of the microchannels i. the groove depth in the individual foils or plates and the web width between the channels are constant, so that the different cross sections are realized by different channel widths.
- the gradation of the cross sections and the aforementioned channel widths per level is preferably always in continuous steps with each channel increasing or decreasing, wherein the channel is arranged with the largest cross section or the largest width near the fluid inlets of the respective intersecting channels of the other channel group.
- the following channels on the level gradually show smaller and smaller sections or widths on, wherein the channel with the smallest cross-section is arranged near the fluid exits of the respective intersecting channels of the other channel group.
- Fig. 1 a perspective sectional view of a cross-flow micro heat exchanger.
- the in Fig. 1 illustrated cross-flow micro heat exchanger consists of films 1 with groove-shaped rectilinear 2 incorporated channels of a first channel group 3 for a fluid to be tempered (fluid flow direction 4 ) and a second channel group 5 for a heat transfer fluid (fluid flow direction 6 ).
- the facing to the viewer end surfaces 7 each include the fluid inlets.
- Between two channels of a film is a web as a channel boundary and channel separation.
- Each film with channels has only channels of a channel group and preferably one-sided or two-sided always adjacent to films with channels of the other channel group.
- the channels have equal depths and different widths.
- the fluid connections of the cross-flow micro heat exchanger are in Fig. 1 not shown.
- all channels 2 of both channel groups have a depth of 0.1 mm and also a web width between the microchannels of 0.1 mm.
- the foils 1 in the exemplary embodiment consist of VA steel (18-8-chromium-nickel steel) and have a thickness of 0.2 mm.
- B n 1 4 . 1 - 1 208 , n + 1 1 . 3 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ B 1
- N is the total number of microchannels per plane (foil) and is between 10 and 60
- ⁇ is the thermal conductivity in W / mK of the respective fluid in the channels.
- the ridge widths are constant at least for each channel group, and preferably in the range between 10 and 15% of B 1 .
- the web width is to be corrected.
- the channel spacing between the center lines of the individual channels is used here, which adds to the web width plus the width B n calculated with (1) at an underlying channel depth.
- the exemplary embodiment is a cross-flow micro heat exchanger with square foils each having 34 microchannels.
- the depth of the microchannels is 0.1 mm, the width of the webs between the microchannels 0.1 mm.
- the mass throughput per film is 1 kg / h, the films have a dimension of 10 x 10 mm and are structured on one side to 8 mm wide with 0.1 mm deep channels.
- exit temperatures in the described embodiment with graduated channel widths in all channels of both channel groups are equal to ⁇ 4% (referenced to ° C) and ⁇ 0.6% (refer to Kelvin).
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertrager, vorzugsweise einen Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager gemäß des ersten Patentanspruchs.The invention relates to a cross-flow heat exchanger, preferably a cross-flow micro heat exchanger according to the first claim.
Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertrager sind in der Technik allgemein bekannt. Sie weisen einen Wärmetauschbereich auf, in dem ein Fluidstrom in einer ersten Kanalgruppe durch einen Wärmeträgerfluidstrom in einer zweiten, die erste kreuzenden Kanalgruppe temperiert wird. Jede der Kanalgruppen weist eine Vielzahl vorzugsweise über ihre gesamte Länge parallel verschalteter und vorzugsweise auch parallel verlaufender Kanäle auf. Vorzugsweise sind die Kanäle je Kanalgruppe - wie bei Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertragern üblich - parallel zueinander und vorzugsweise geradlinig auf einer Ebene angeordnet. Üblicherweise sind die erste und zweite Kanalgruppe mit oder ohne Zwischenlagen ohne Kanäle ebenenweise abwechselnd angeordnet, d.h. eine Kühlung oder Aufheizung des Fluidstroms erfolgt durch Wärmeübertragung an den Kreuzungen, die damit die Wärmeübertragungsbereiche bilden. An jeder Kreuzung wird eine Wärmemenge übertragen, wobei der Fluidstrom in einem Kanal der ersten Kanalgruppe eine Vielzahl von Kreuzungen und damit Wärmeübertragungsbereiche passiert und sich die jeweils übertragenen Wärmemengen addieren. Die Gesamtheit der Kanäle einer Kanalgruppe bildet für sich vorzugsweise eine Passage durch den Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertrager.Cross-flow heat exchangers are well known in the art. They have a heat exchange region in which a fluid flow in a first channel group is tempered by a heat transfer fluid flow in a second, the first crossing channel group. Each of the channel groups has a plurality of preferably over their entire length connected in parallel and preferably also parallel channels. Preferably, the channels per channel group - as usual in cross-flow heat exchangers - parallel to each other and preferably arranged in a straight line on a plane. Typically, the first and second channel groups, with or without interleaves without channels, are alternately arranged plane-wise, i. Cooling or heating of the fluid stream takes place by heat transfer at the intersections, which thus form the heat transfer areas. At each intersection, a quantity of heat is transferred, wherein the fluid flow in a channel of the first group of channels passes through a plurality of intersections and thus heat transfer areas and add the amounts of heat transferred in each case. The entirety of the channels of a channel group preferably forms a passage through the cross-flow heat exchanger.
In der [1] wird beispielhaft neben anderen Bauformen ein Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager offenbart, bei dem die Mikrokanäle ebenenweise als eine Vielzahl paralleler Rillen einseitig in Metallfolien eingearbeitet sind. Die Folien werden vorzugsweise quadratisch ausgeschnitten und mit den Rillen kreuzweise abwechselnd um bevorzugte 90° verdreht gestapelt und durch Kleben, Löten oder Schweißen miteinander verbunden, wobei die mit Rillen strukturierten Folienseiten jeweils an einer unstrukturierten Seite der benachbarten Folie anliegen.In [1], among other designs, a cross-flow micro heat exchanger is disclosed, in which the microchannels are integrated in layers as a plurality of parallel grooves on one side in metal foils. The films are preferably cut out square and stacked with the grooves crosswise alternately rotated by preferred 90 ° and connected together by gluing, soldering or welding, wherein the groove-structured foil sides in each case rest on an unstructured side of the adjacent foil.
Alternativ zu einem Kreuzstromwärmeübertrager sind auch Gegenstrom- und Gleichstromwärmeübertrager bekannt, in denen sich die Kanäle des zu temperierenden Fluids und des Wärmeträgerfluids nicht kreuzen, sondern parallel zueinander geführt werden.As an alternative to a cross-flow heat exchanger, countercurrent and direct current heat exchangers are also known in which the channels of the fluid to be temperature-controlled and of the heat transfer fluid do not intersect, but are guided parallel to one another.
Für einen Einsatz von Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertragern der vorgenannten Art sprechen nicht nur die herausragenden thermischen Eigenschaften, beschrieben z.B. in [2], sondern auch die im Vergleich zu Gleich- oder Gegenstromwärmeübertragern einfacher, da nicht ineinander verschlungen zu realisierenden sowie verlustärmeren Zu- und Ableitungen der Fluidströme.For a use of cross-flow micro heat exchanger of the aforementioned type speak not only the outstanding thermal properties, described for example in [2] , but also easier compared to DC or Gegenstromwärmeübertragern because not intertwined to be realized and low-loss inlets and outlets fluid streams.
Der Nachteil eines Kreuzstromwärmeübertragers im Vergleich zu einem Gegenstrom- oder Gleichstromwärmeübertrager liegt darin, dass der zu temperierende Fluidstrom wegen des querströmenden Wärmeträgerfluids nicht in jedem Kanal gleich temperiert wird. Mit jedem Kreuzen zwischen zwei sich kreuzenden Kanälen kommt es zu einer Wärmeübertragung, die auch die Temperatur des Wärmeübertragungsfluids verändert.The disadvantage of a cross-flow heat exchanger in comparison to a countercurrent or DC heat exchanger is that the fluid flow to be tempered is not tempered the same in each channel because of the cross-flow heat transfer fluid. With each crossing between two intersecting channels there is a heat transfer, which also changes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid.
Eine wirtschaftliche und in allen Kanälen einer jeden Kanalgruppe gleichförmige Temperierung, d.h. Erhitzung oder Abkühlung der Fluide ist in einem Kreuzstromwärmetauscher herkömmlicher Bauart ohne ein verzerrtes Temperaturprofil des zu temperierenden Fluidstroms am Austritt aus dem Kanälen praktisch nicht möglich. Da es bei jeder Kreuzung zweier Kanäle zu einer Übertragung von Wärme kommt, die bei einer nachfolgenden Kreuzung nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht, ist eine nahezu gleichförmige Temperierung des Fluids in allen Kanälen nur mit einem erheblichen Überschuss an Wärmeenergie im Wärmeträgerfluidstrom realisierbar. Dies kann nur mit einem signifikant erhöhten Massenstrom an Wärmeübertragungsfluid erfolgen, was nicht nur den Wirkungsgrad, sondern auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit reduziert.An economical and in all channels of each channel group uniform temperature, ie heating or cooling of the fluids is virtually impossible in a cross-flow heat exchanger of conventional design without a distorted temperature profile of the fluid stream to be tempered at the exit from the channels. Since there is a transfer of heat at each intersection of two channels, which is no longer available at a subsequent intersection, a nearly uniform temperature of the fluid in all channels can be realized only with a considerable excess of heat energy in the heat transfer fluid flow. This can only be significantly increased Mass flow of heat transfer fluid done, which not only reduces the efficiency, but also the efficiency.
Folglich liegt die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein weiter verbessertes Kreuzstromwärmeübertragersystem vorzuschlagen, das die vorgenannten Einschränkungen nicht aufweist und insbesondere eine gleichförmige Temperierung der Fluide in allen Kanälen je Kanalgruppe ermöglicht.Accordingly, the object of the invention is to propose a further improved cross-flow heat transfer system which does not have the aforementioned limitations and in particular allows a uniform temperature control of the fluids in all channels per channel group.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen wieder.The object is achieved by a cross-flow micro heat exchanger having the features of
Die Lösung der Aufgabe basiert auf einer Modifikation eines eingangs beschriebenen Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertragers. Die Kanäle sind in zwei Kanalgruppen, jeweils eine erste Kanalgruppe für das zu temperierende Fluid und eine zweite Kanalgruppe für das Wärmeträgerfluid aufgeteilt. Die Kanäle sind ebenenweise angeordnet. Jede Ebene weist Kanäle nur einer Kanalgruppe auf, wobei die Ebenen und damit die Kanalgruppen - wie eingangs beschrieben - in bevorzugt abwechselnder Reihenfolge zu einem Wärmeübertrager gestapelt sind. Die Kanäle sind für jede Kanalgruppe parallel geschaltet und vorzugsweise auch parallel angeordnet, wobei unterschiedliche Kanalgruppen unterschiedlich ausgerichtet sind und sich die Kanäle somit kreuzen. Zwischenebenen ohne Kanäle oder benachbarte Ebenen mit Kanälen aus der gleichen Kanalgruppe sind im Rahmen der möglichen Ausführungsformen nicht ausgeschlossen. Wesentlich ist, dass sich zwei Kanäle aus benachbarten Ebenen mit unterschiedlicher Kanalgruppenzugehörigkeit kreuzen und in diesen Kreuzungen Wärmeübertragungsbereiche für eine Wärmeübertragung zwischen den angrenzenden Kanälen entstehen.The solution of the problem is based on a modification of a cross-flow heat exchanger described above. The channels are divided into two channel groups, each having a first channel group for the fluid to be tempered and a second channel group for the heat transfer fluid. The channels are arranged in layers. Each level has channels only one channel group, the levels and thus the channel groups - as described above - are stacked in preferred alternating order to a heat exchanger. The channels are connected in parallel for each channel group and preferably also arranged in parallel, wherein different channel groups are aligned differently and thus the channels intersect. Intermediate levels without channels or adjacent levels with channels from the same channel group are not excluded within the scope of the possible embodiments. It is essential that two channels from adjacent levels cross with different channel group membership and heat transfer areas for heat transfer between the adjacent channels arise in these intersections.
Vorzugsweise ist der Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertrager als Kreustrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager gestaltet, wobei die Kanäle Mikrokanäle sind, mit engsten Querschnitten zwischen 0,001 mm2 und 1 mm2 sowie vorzugsweise mit engsten Querschnittsabmessungen zwischen 0,01 mm und 1 mm. Mikrowärmeübertrager sind vorzugsweise aus Platten- oder Folienstapeln gefertigt, wobei die Mikrokanäle der Mikrokanalgruppen als Rillen einseitig oder beidseitig in die Platten oder Folien eingearbeitet und die Folien durch Pressung, Klebung, Lötung oder Schweißung zu einem Folienstapel zusammengefügt sind. Die Ein- und Austritte der Mikrokanäle sind seitlich, für jede Kanalgruppe bevorzugt auf einer eigenen Seitenfläche.Preferably, the cross-flow heat exchanger is designed as a Kreustrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager, the channels are micro-channels, with narrowest cross sections between 0.001 mm 2 and 1 mm 2, and preferably with closest cross-sectional dimensions between 0.01 mm and 1 mm. Micro heat exchanger are preferably made of plate or film stacks, wherein the microchannels of the microchannel groups are incorporated as grooves on one side or both sides in the plates or films and the films are joined together by pressing, gluing, soldering or welding to form a film stack. The inlets and outlets of the microchannels are laterally, for each channel group preferably on its own side surface.
Die Grundidee liegt darin, die Fluidströme in allen Kanälen der ersten und zweiten Kanalgruppe allein durch geometrisch individuelle Gestaltung der Kreuzungen und damit der thermischen Übertragungswege in den Wärmeübertragungsbereichen in Summe gleich zu temperieren. Damit wird in vorteilhafter Weise in Summe eine gleiche Temperaturänderung des Fluidstroms in der ersten Kanalgruppe wie auch des Wärmeträgerfluidstroms in der zweiten Kanalgruppe realisiert. Damit werden die Austrittstemperaturen der zu temperierenden Fluide und des Wärmeträgerfluids in engen Temperaturintervallen gehalten. Die Gefahr von Unterkühlung oder Überhitzung von Fluidbestandteilen und damit Auskristallisation bzw. Dampfbildung wird wirksam reduziert. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise auch eine exaktere Einhaltung und Ausnutzung eines definierbaren Temperaturfensters und damit eine Verwendung von Fluiden mit Phasenübergängen nahe dem Temperaturfenster. Ferner weisen beide den Wärmeübertrager verlassende Fluidströme je Kanalgruppe eine homogene Temperatur auf und können ohne zwischengeschaltete Vermischerstufe direkt z.B. in einen Reaktor oder einen weiteren Wärmeübertrager eingeleitet werden. Der beanspruchte Kreuzstrom-Wärmeübertrager oder Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager eignet sich damit besonders für einen Einsatz in verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen, bei dem beide eingesetzten Fluide in beiden Mikrokanalgruppen und nicht nur das Fluid in der ersten Mikrokanalgruppe verfahrenstechnisch verändert werden.The basic idea is to equalize the fluid flows in all channels of the first and second channel group just by geometrically individual design of the intersections and thus the thermal transmission paths in the heat transfer areas in total. Thus, an equal temperature change of the fluid flow in the first channel group as well as the heat carrier fluid flow in the second channel group is realized in an advantageous manner in total. Thus, the outlet temperatures of the fluids to be tempered and the heat transfer fluid are kept in close temperature intervals. The risk of hypothermia or overheating of fluid components and thus crystallization or vapor formation is effectively reduced. This advantageously also allows a more exact maintenance and utilization of a definable temperature window and thus a use of fluids with phase transitions near the temperature window. Furthermore, both fluid flows leaving the heat exchanger per channel group have a homogeneous temperature and can be introduced directly without intervening mixer stage, for example in a reactor or another heat exchanger. The claimed cross-flow heat exchanger or cross-flow micro heat exchanger is thus particularly suitable for use in process engineering Processes in which both fluids used in both micro-channel groups and not only the fluid in the first micro-channel group are procedurally changed.
Als Variationsparameter dienen nicht nur die spezifische Kontaktfläche der Fluidströme zu den Kanalwandungen, sondern auch die Fluidstromdichte oder der Massenstrom an den Kreuzungen.Not only the specific contact surface of the fluid flows to the channel walls, but also the fluid flow density or the mass flow at the intersections serve as variation parameters.
Wesentlich ist, dass die Kanäle einer jeden Ebene für sich, d.h. beide Kanalgruppen unterschiedliche geometrische Abmessungen in ihren Kanälen (z.B. Querschnitt, Breite) und/oder in den Kanalabständen und/oder Stegbreiten aufweisen. Dabei nimmt in jeder Ebene die Kanalbreite oder der Kanalquerschnitt in stromaufwärts der jeweils anderen Kanalgruppe gelegener Richtung, d.h. zu den jeweiligen Fluideintritten der jeweils anderen Kanalgruppe hin zu. Durch diese Variation ändert man das Wärmeübertragungsverhalten in den Wärmeübertragungsbereichen der Kreuzungen.It is essential that the channels of each level are separate, i. both channel groups have different geometric dimensions in their channels (e.g., cross-section, width) and / or in channel spacings and / or land widths. In this case, in each plane, the channel width or the channel cross-section increases in the direction upstream of the respective other channel group, ie. to the respective fluid inlets of the other channel group towards. By this variation, one changes the heat transfer behavior in the heat transfer areas of the crossings.
Vorzugsweise wird die Aufgabe durch einen Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertrager gelöst, bei dem die Kanäle in beiden Kanalgruppen je Ebene mit unterschiedlichen, vorzugsweise abgestuften Querschnitten ausgebildet sind. Vorzugsweise sind die Tiefe der Mikrokanäle, d.h. die Rillentiefe in den einzelnen Folien oder Platten sowie die Stegbreite zwischen den Kanälen konstant, sodass die unterschiedlichen Querschnitte durch unterschiedliche Kanalbreiten realisiert werden.Preferably, the object is achieved by a cross-flow micro heat exchanger, in which the channels are formed in two channel groups per level with different, preferably stepped cross-sections. Preferably, the depth of the microchannels, i. the groove depth in the individual foils or plates and the web width between the channels are constant, so that the different cross sections are realized by different channel widths.
Die Abstufung der Querschnitte und der vorgenannten Kanalbreiten je Ebene erfolgt vorzugsweise in kontinuierlichen Schritten mit jedem Kanal stets zu- oder abnehmend, wobei der Kanal mit dem größten Querschnitt bzw. der größten Breite nahe den Fluideintritten der jeweils kreuzenden Kanäle der anderen Kanalgruppe angeordnet ist. Die folgenden Kanäle auf der Ebene weisen stufenweise immer kleinere Querschnitte oder Breiten auf, wobei der Kanal mit dem kleinsten Querschnitt nahe den Fluidaustritten der jeweils kreuzenden Kanäle der anderen Kanalgruppe angeordnet ist.The gradation of the cross sections and the aforementioned channel widths per level is preferably always in continuous steps with each channel increasing or decreasing, wherein the channel is arranged with the largest cross section or the largest width near the fluid inlets of the respective intersecting channels of the other channel group. The following channels on the level gradually show smaller and smaller sections or widths on, wherein the channel with the smallest cross-section is arranged near the fluid exits of the respective intersecting channels of the other channel group.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert, das optional auch mit einzelnen oder allen vorgenannten Maßnahmen zusätzlich kombinierbar oder erweiterbar ist. Es zeigtThe invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment, which is optionally also combinable or expandable with individual or all the above measures. It shows
Der in
Im Folgenden wird die rechnerische Ermittlung der individuellen Abstufungen der Breiten und damit der Querschnitte der Mikrokanäle der beiden Kanalgruppen beschrieben. Die Querschnitte und Abstufungen sind im konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel für beide Kanalgruppen identisch, wobei sich die Anmeldung nicht nur auf diese Ausführungsform beschränkt. Die Berechnung erfolgt somit unter der Annahme, dass in beiden Kanalgruppen identische thermische Kapazitätsströme, z.B. die gleichen Massenströme des gleichen Fluids durchgesetzt werden. Dies wird insbesondere durch eine ähnliche oder gleiche Wärmeleitzahl und Viskosität realisiert. Als Eintrittstemperaturen werden für die erste Kanalgruppe 8°C, für die zweite Kanalgruppe 95°C angenommen.In the following, the computational determination of the individual gradations of the widths and thus the cross sections of the microchannels of the two channel groups will be described. The cross sections and gradations are in the concrete embodiment for both channel groups identical, the application is not limited to this embodiment. The calculation is thus based on the assumption that in both channel groups identical thermal capacitance currents, for example the same mass flows of the same fluid, are enforced. This is realized in particular by a similar or identical thermal conductivity and viscosity. Entry temperatures are assumed to be 8 ° C for the first channel group and 95 ° C for the second channel group.
Für die Abstufung oder Verringerung der Breiten Bn der Mikrokanäle für beide Kanalgruppen gilt folgende Beziehung
Dabei ist n die laufende Nummer des Kanals (n= 1, ..., N), beginnend mit dem breitesten Mikrokanal (Breite B1 in mm) vorzugsweise parallel nahe den fluideintrittsseitigen Stirnflächen der kreuzenden Mikrokanäle. Ergibt sich für Bn ein Wert kleiner 0,05 mm, erfolgt vorzugsweise (und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Berechnung) eine Aufrundung dieses Bn-Wertes auf einen Wert von 0,05 mm.In this case, n is the serial number of the channel (n = 1,..., N), starting with the widest microchannel (width B 1 in mm), preferably parallel near the fluid-entry-side end faces of the intersecting microchannels. If a value of less than 0.05 mm is found for B n , a rounding-off of this B n value to a value of 0.05 mm preferably takes place (and in the context of the present calculation).
Die Breite des breitesten Mikrokanals berechnet sich zu
wobei N die Gesamtzahl der Mikrokanäle pro Ebene (Folie) ist und zwischen 10 und 60 liegt sowie λ die Wärmeleitzahl in W/mK des jeweiligen Fluids in den Kanälen. Die Stegbreiten sind zumindest für jede Kanalgruppe konstant und vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 10 und 15% von B1.The width of the widest microchannel is calculated to
where N is the total number of microchannels per plane (foil) and is between 10 and 60 and λ is the thermal conductivity in W / mK of the respective fluid in the channels. The ridge widths are constant at least for each channel group, and preferably in the range between 10 and 15% of B 1 .
In analoger Weise, d.h. mit grundsätzlich den gleichen Formeln lassen sich anstelle der Abstufungen der Breite Bn auch die der Querschnittsflächen An der Kanäle berechnen. Die Stegbreite ist dabei zu korrigieren. Vorzugsweise wird hier der Kanalabstand zwischen den Mittellinien der einzelnen Kanäle herangezogen, der sich zu der Stegbreite zuzüglich der mit (1) berechneten Breite Bn bei einer zugrundeliegenden Kanaltiefe summiert.In an analogous manner, ie with basically the same formulas can be calculated instead of the gradations of the width B n and the cross-sectional areas at the channels. The web width is to be corrected. Preferably, the channel spacing between the center lines of the individual channels is used here, which adds to the web width plus the width B n calculated with (1) at an underlying channel depth.
Tab. 1 zeigt die unter den vorgenannten Annahmen und Beziehungen ermittelten Kanalbreiten Bn und die Austrittstemperaturen von kalter (Wärme aufnehmender) und warmer (Wärme abgebender) Kanalgruppe eines Kreuzstrom-Mikrowärmeübertragers, ausgelegt für Wasser (λ = 0,5562 W/mK). Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um einen Mikrowärmeübertrager im Kreuzstrom mit quadratischen Folien mit jeweils 34 Mikrokanälen. Die Tiefe der Mikrokanäle beträgt 0,1 mm, die Breite der Stege zwischen den Mikrokanälen 0,1 mm. Der Massendurchsatz pro Folie beträgt 1kg/h, wobei die Folien eine Abmessung von 10 x 10 mm aufweisen und einseitig auf 8 mm Breite mit 0,1 mm tiefen Kanälen strukturiert sind. Table 1 shows the channel widths B n determined under the aforementioned assumptions and relationships and the outlet temperatures of cold (heat-receiving) and warm (heat-emitting) channel group of a cross-flow micro heat exchanger, designed for water (λ = 0.5562 W / mK). The exemplary embodiment is a cross-flow micro heat exchanger with square foils each having 34 microchannels. The depth of the microchannels is 0.1 mm, the width of the webs between the microchannels 0.1 mm. The mass throughput per film is 1 kg / h, the films have a dimension of 10 x 10 mm and are structured on one side to 8 mm wide with 0.1 mm deep channels.
Zudem ergibt sich, dass die Austrittstemperaturen bei der beschriebenen Ausfürhungsform mit abgestuften Kanalbreiten in allen Kanälen beider Kanalgruppen bis auf ±4% (Bezug auf °C) und ±0,6% (Bezug auf Kelvin) gleich sind.In addition, it follows that the exit temperatures in the described embodiment with graduated channel widths in all channels of both channel groups are equal to ± 4% (referenced to ° C) and ± 0.6% (refer to Kelvin).
Für den Fall, dass ein größeres Temperaturintervall von ±8% (Bezug auf °C) für die aus den Mikrokanälen austretenden Fluide einer Kanalgruppe tolerierbar ist, berechnen sich die Breiten mit n = 1,..., N zu
-
[1]
DE 37 09 278 C2 DE 37 09 278 C2 -
[2]
Schubert, K. et al.: Microstructure Devices for Applications in Thermal and Chemical Process Engineering; Microscale Thermophysical Eng. 5 (2001) S.17-39 Schubert, K. et al .: Microstructure Devices for Applications in Thermal and Chemical Process Engineering; Microscale Thermophysical Eng. 5 (2001) p.17-39
- 11
- Foliefoil
- 22
- Kanalchannel
- 33
- erste Kanalgruppefirst channel group
- 44
- Fluidstromrichtung in der ersten KanalgruppeFluid flow direction in the first channel group
- 55
- zweite Kanalgruppesecond channel group
- 66
- Fluidstromrichtung in der zweiten KanalgruppeFluid flow direction in the second channel group
- 77
- Stirnflächeface
Claims (6)
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DE201010045905 DE102010045905B3 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Cross-flow micro heat exchanger |
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Cited By (3)
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FR2995073A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-07 | Air Liquide | EXCHANGER ELEMENT FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING SUCH AN EXCHANGER MEMBER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EXCHANGER MEMBER |
CN109000488A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-12-14 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of dot matrix heat exchanger |
CN113546590A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-26 | 南通三责精密陶瓷有限公司 | Block-hole type silicon carbide microreactor and application thereof |
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DE19801374C1 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-03-11 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Method for soldering micro structured sheet metal elements |
KR19990074845A (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-10-05 | 윤종용 | Parallel flow heat exchanger |
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DE3709278C2 (en) | 1987-03-20 | 1989-03-02 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe, De |
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SCHUBERT, K. ET AL.: "Microstructure Devices for Applications in Thermal and Chemical Process Engineering", MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENG., vol. 5, 2001, pages 17 - 39, XP009072106, DOI: doi:10.1080/108939501300005358 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2995073A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-07 | Air Liquide | EXCHANGER ELEMENT FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING SUCH AN EXCHANGER MEMBER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EXCHANGER MEMBER |
WO2014037656A3 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-06-11 | L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Exchanger element for a heat exchanger, heat exchanger comprising such an exchanger element and method for the production of such an exchanger element |
US10197340B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2019-02-05 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Exchanger element for a heat exchanger, heat exchanger comprising such an exchanger element and method for the production of such an exchanger element |
CN109000488A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-12-14 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of dot matrix heat exchanger |
CN109000488B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2024-05-28 | 华北电力大学 | Dot matrix heat exchanger |
CN113546590A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-26 | 南通三责精密陶瓷有限公司 | Block-hole type silicon carbide microreactor and application thereof |
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DE102010045905B3 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
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