EP2420108B1 - Driving circuit for leds - Google Patents
Driving circuit for leds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2420108B1 EP2420108B1 EP10719585.1A EP10719585A EP2420108B1 EP 2420108 B1 EP2420108 B1 EP 2420108B1 EP 10719585 A EP10719585 A EP 10719585A EP 2420108 B1 EP2420108 B1 EP 2420108B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- current
- led
- driver circuit
- circuit
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
Definitions
- the invention relates to a driver circuit for an LED and a method for driving an LED.
- Such driver circuits are used in lighting systems to achieve colored or flat lighting of rooms, paths or escape routes.
- the illuminants are usually controlled by operating devices and activated if necessary.
- Organic or inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) are used as the light source for such lighting.
- light-emitting diodes are increasingly being used as lighting sources for lighting.
- the efficiency and luminous efficacy of light emitting diodes is increasing more and more, so that they are already being used in various general lighting applications.
- light emitting diodes are point light sources and emit highly concentrated light.
- WO 2008/137460 A2 shows an operating device for LED-based lights. In particular, a switched supply is shown.
- the invention is described below based on a first exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 explained with a driver circuit for an LED.
- the driver circuit for an LED has a connection for a mains voltage, a filter circuit (L1) and a rectifier (GR1), an inductor (L2) and a switch (S1).
- the rectifier (GR1) is followed by a buffer element (C1), which is preferably only used to filter out high-frequency voltage changes and does not perform a strong smoothing of the voltage at the output of the rectifier (GR1).
- the intermediate storage element (C1) can be, for example, a capacitor, preferably a filter capacitor.
- the inductance (L2) preferably has a primary winding (L2p) and a secondary winding (L2s) coupled to it.
- the inductor (L2) is magnetized when the switch is closed, and the inductor (L2) is demagnetized when the switch S1 is open, and at least during the demagnetization phase, the current through the inductor (L2) feeds the LED.
- the switch S1 is only ever opened when the current through the switch S1 has reached a predetermined threshold value.
- the current through the switch S1 can be detected by means of a current detection Ip (for example a current shunt).
- the current detection Ip can, however, also take place directly at the switch S1 (for example in the case of a so-called SENSE FET, which contains an integrated monitoring of the current).
- SENSE FET which contains an integrated monitoring of the current
- the switch-off duration of the switch S1 can depend on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED.
- the feedback of the detection of the amplitude of the current by the LED is preferably electrically isolated (i.e. the control loop for the dependence of the switch-off duration of the switch S1).
- the switch-off time can, for example, also be fixed (fixed setting).
- the switch-off duration of the switch S1 can, for example, also be directly or indirectly dependent on the demagnetizing current.
- the switch S1 can be switched on whenever a demagnetization of the inductance (L2) is detected. However, switching on can always only take place with demagnetized inductance (L2); there may also be a certain time between demagnetization and switching on again.
- the driver circuit can be connected to a commercially available dimmer, and the switch S1 can be closed during the phases in which the dimmer cuts off a part of the phase in order to conduct a residual current through the inductance and the switch S1 and thus load the dimmer .
- this residual current through switch S1 is limited by the predetermined threshold value in order to avoid overloading switch S1.
- the inductance (L2) can be a transformer (L2p, L2s), which serves as a potential-isolating element.
- the driver circuit can thus be transmitted to the light source (LED) by high-frequency switching of the switch (S1) via the inductance (L2).
- the switch (S1) can be, for example, a field effect transistor, such as a MOSFET, or a bipolar transistor.
- the predetermined threshold value can depend on the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. In a simple variant, for example, if the supply voltage Vin exceeds a certain value, the threshold value can be increased. However, the threshold value can also be increased in several stages.
- the predefined threshold value can depend on the current amplitude value of the rectified sine half-wave of the AC AC voltage if an AC AC voltage with typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequency is present as the supply voltage.
- the current amplitude value is preferably monitored with a high-frequency sampling or constant monitoring, so the value of the supply voltage averaged over one or more periods is preferably not recorded.
- This monitoring of the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin can be carried out by a monitoring circuit U1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can, for example, be an integrated circuit (for example an ASIC, microcontroller or DSP). Depending on the monitoring of the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin, the monitoring circuit U1 can specify the threshold value for the opening of the switch S1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can detect, for example, via the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1 or, if present, before the decoupling element or the voltage difference across the decoupling element (preferably by measuring the voltage in front of and behind the decoupling element).
- the voltage measurement is carried out by means of a voltage divider which taps the voltage across the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1 and reduces it to a potential which can be evaluated by the monitoring circuit U1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed (for example in high-voltage technology) in such a way that it can directly detect the voltage across the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can also control the switch S1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can on the one hand monitor the current through the switch S1 by means of a current detection Ip (for example a current shunt) and additionally monitor the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin.
- a current detection Ip for example a current shunt
- the monitoring circuit U1 can always trigger the opening of the switch S1 when the predetermined threshold value for the current through the switch S1 is reached.
- the threshold value is preferably predetermined on the basis of monitoring the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. For example, only two values can be specified as the threshold value, the lower threshold value being specified when a supply voltage Vin is below a certain value and the upper threshold value is specified when a specific value for the supply voltage Vin is exceeded. However, it is also possible for several threshold values to be stored in a type of table and for these to be specified for different voltage ranges of the supply voltage Vin in accordance with the table.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed in two parts (for example in the form of two integrated circuits which are linked to one another). On the one hand, there can be a first monitoring circuit U1a, which specifies a threshold value as a function of monitoring the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. The first monitoring circuit U1a can forward this threshold value to a second monitoring circuit U1b. The second monitoring circuit U1b can control the switch S1.
- the monitoring circuit U1b can monitor the current through the switch S1 and, depending on this, actuate the switch S1. This activation can be dependent on the threshold value specified by the first monitoring circuit U1a.
- control can be dependent on further monitoring, for example on monitoring the demagnetization of the inductance L2, the detected voltage of the LED or the detected amplitude of the current through the LED.
- all returns or monitors on the secondary side are electrically isolated, i.e. the feedback of the signals detected on the output side (secondary side) to the monitoring circuit U1 takes place via potential isolation (for example by means of an optocoupler or transformer).
- the switch-off duration of the switch S1 is preferably dependent on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED.
- the inductor L2 can be a transformer L2p, L2s, which serves as a potential-isolating element.
- the primary winding L2p of the transformer is connected in series with the switch S1.
- the secondary winding L2s magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p is connected to a rectifier (D2) and a smoothing circuit (C2) to which the LEDs can be connected.
- the rectifier (D2) on the secondary winding L2s of the transformer can be formed by a diode D2 or by a full-wave rectifier.
- the inductor L2 can feed a smoothing circuit; this smoothing circuit can be, for example, a capacitor C2 or an LC (capacitor inductor C2-L3) or CLC (capacitor inductor capacitor C2-L3-C3) filter.
- the secondary side with the smoothing circuit (C2) is preferably designed so that a constant current supply of the LED is made possible.
- a method for controlling an LED via a dimmer is made possible, the LED being controlled via the driver circuit, and energy being transmitted to the illuminant LED via the inductance L2 by high-frequency clocking of the switch S1.
- the switch S1 is also kept closed in phases if the dimmer cuts off the phase and is only ever opened when the current through the switch S1 has reached a predetermined threshold value. This means that even in the phases where the dimmer cuts off the phase (i.e. no mains voltage is let through), switch S1 is kept closed as long as the current through switch S1 has not reached a predetermined threshold value. Only then is the switch S1 kept open for a certain time (depending on the respective condition for determining the switch-off time as already mentioned) and switched on again. In the phases in which the dimmer cuts off the phase, compared to the phase with the mains voltage applied, switch S1 can be switched on longer because the current through inductor L2 and switch S1 rises more slowly due to the mains voltage not being applied .
- the driver circuit with the monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed such that the switch (S1) is also kept closed when the illuminant (LED) is not in operation or is only supplied with a supply voltage Vin that is far below the nominal supply voltage Vin lies, and is only opened when the current through the switch (S1) has reached a predetermined threshold.
- the switch (S1) can be kept in the closed state, for example by a holding circuit, provided that it is not switched off by a corresponding active control.
- the active control for switching off (opening) the switch (S1) can be carried out by bridging the holding circuit or by pulling down the control level for the control connection of the switch (S1).
- the holding circuit can also be designed in such a way that, as soon as a low voltage is present at the input of the driver circuit, it already keeps the switch (S1) closed while the driver circuit itself is not yet starting.
- a lamp for an LED can be formed, with a base for inserting the lamp into a commercially available lamp base, having a driver circuit according to the invention.
- the driver circuit has a connection for a mains voltage, followed by a rectifier GR1 and a filter circuit L1, as well as a buffer element. This is followed by an inductor L2 and a switch S1.
- Inductor L2 is magnetized when switch S1 is closed, and inductor L2 is demagnetized when switch S1 is open, and at least during the demagnetization phase, the current through inductor L2 feeds the LED.
- the driver circuit can be constructed as a step-up converter circuit or as a flyback converter circuit.
- the flyback converter circuit or the step-up converter circuit is advantageously designed to be electrically isolated, i.e. the clocked inductor L2 of the driver circuit has a secondary winding L2s which is magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p of the inductor L2.
- a current detector preferably a unidirectional decoupling element, is included between the rectifier GR1 and the buffer element C1.
- the decoupling element can be formed as a current detector by a diode D1.
- a full-wave rectifier DV1 can also serve as a decoupling element.
- the current flow can be monitored via the rectifier (GR1) into the inductance (L2) and the switch (S1) and / or the filter capacitor (C1) by means of the current detector.
- a bridging circuit (R40, Q4) which is deactivated when the current detector (for example the decoupling element) passes a current.
- a bypass circuit (R40, Q4) is therefore always activated when a current flows into the driver circuit for an LED.
- a current flows into the driver circuit for an LED whenever a current flows through the rectifier GR1 via the inductor L2 and the switch S1 or into the intermediate storage element.
- the decoupling element thus acts as a current detector. As soon as a current flows through the rectifier GR1 and a current flows through the inductance L2 and the switch S1 or into the intermediate storage element, a voltage drops across the decoupling element which is only slightly higher than the voltage across the intermediate storage element (i.e. the voltage behind the decoupling element). . This voltage across the decoupling element can be monitored. This monitoring can be carried out by a monitoring circuit U1.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can be an integrated circuit, for example.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can activate or deactivate the bypass circuit (R40, Q4).
- the monitoring circuit U1 can, for example, only detect the voltage in front of the decoupling element or the voltage difference across the decoupling element (preferably by measuring the voltage in front of and behind the decoupling element).
- the monitoring circuit U1 can also control the switch S1.
- the decoupler as a current detector can be formed by a diode D1.
- a full-wave rectifier DV1 can also serve as a decoupling element.
- the driver circuit can be connected to a commercially available dimmer, and the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be activated during the phases in which the dimmer cuts off part of the phase in order to generate a residual current via the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) and the inductor L2 and to guide the switch S1 and thus load the dimmer.
- the buffer element can, for example, by a Valley Fill circuit ( Fig. 3 ) or by a capacitor as a buffer element C1 ( Fig. 2 ) are formed.
- the switch S1 can be switched on whenever a demagnetization of the inductance L2 is determined.
- the switch S1 can be activated, for example, by an integrated circuit for a power factor correction.
- the monitoring circuit U1 can contain a control circuit for a power factor correction.
- the inductor L2 can be a transformer L2p, L2s, which serves as a potential-isolating element.
- the primary winding L2p of the transformer is connected in series with the switch S1.
- the secondary winding L2s magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p is connected to a rectifier (D2) and a smoothing circuit (C2) to which the LEDs can be connected.
- the rectifier (D2) on the secondary winding L2s of the transformer can be formed by a diode D2 or by a full-wave rectifier.
- the on and / or off duration of the switch S1 can depend on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. However, the on and / or off duration of the switch S1 preferably does not decrease to or close to zero. In a simple variant, for example, the current can be limited by the LED by limiting the on-time.
- the inductor L2 can feed a smoothing circuit (C2); this smoothing circuit (C2) can be, for example, a capacitor C2 or an LC or CLC filter.
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be formed by a resistor R40 in series with a switch Q4.
- the bypass circuit can also have a current source (constant current source) as a bypass circuit.
- a current source constant current source
- An example of a current source (constant current source) is in Fig. 4 shown.
- Fig. 4 only a section of the driver circuit for a lamp is shown.
- the current detector is formed here by current monitoring element R34.
- the monitoring circuit U1 formed by a transistor Q5 and a resistor R30, which is connected to an internal voltage supply Vcc
- Vcc an internal voltage supply
- the bypass circuit is deactivated.
- the current flow through the current monitoring element R34 is the current which flows via the rectifier (GR1) into the inductance (L2) and the switch (S1) or the intermediate storage element.
- the monitoring circuit U1 constructed discretely, but it can also as in the examples of Fig. 2 and 3rd be designed as an integrated circuit. If an integrated circuit is used as the monitoring circuit U1, further functions such as the activation of the switch S1 can also be integrated.
- the bypass circuit is according to Fig. 4 formed by a current source (constant current source).
- the current source (constant current source) is formed in detail by transistors Q4 and Q6 and resistors R40, R27 and R29.
- the bypass circuit can be as in Fig. 4 represented via a full-wave rectifier D3 via the filter circuit L2 with the connection for a mains voltage, parallel to the rectifier GR1.
- the rectifier via which the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) is connected to the connection for a mains voltage, can either be the same rectifier through which a current flows into the inductance and the switch or the buffer element (i.e. the rectifier GR1, see Fig. 2 and 3rd ), or a further rectifier D3 can be connected in parallel to this first rectifier GR1 (see Fig. 4 ) to be available.
- a bypass circuit R40, Q4 present at the output of the rectifier (GR1) is deactivated when a current flows through the rectifier (GR1) in the driver circuit.
- a lamp for an LED can be constructed, with a base for using the lamp in a commercially available lamp base, having a driver circuit according to the invention.
- the switch S1 can always remain closed as long as the current through the switch S1 has not reached a predetermined threshold value, in addition there can be an activatable bypass circuit (R40, Q4), which is only activated when a sufficient current flow is detected by the current detector has been.
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be designed in such a way that it generates only slight additional losses when it is activated (compared to a solution without a second current path through the Switch (S1)).
- a bypass circuit R40, Q4
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can thus be designed such that it is only deactivated when the illuminant (LED) is in operation.
- the bridging circuit (R40, Q4) can, for example, be connected in such a way that a current flows through it without actuation (activation) of this bridging circuit (R40, Q4) as soon as a voltage is present across the bridging circuit (R40, Q4).
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can, for example, also be designed such that, as soon as a low voltage is present at the input of the driver circuit, it already keeps the switch (S1) closed while the driver circuit itself is not yet starting.
- Mains disconnectors recognize when no load is switched on (i.e. no significant current flows through a load) and disconnect the corresponding circuit from the mains in this case.
- a load i.e. a consumer
- they usually switch on a voltage with a low level, for example 20V.
- the bridging circuit (R40, Q4), which would be activated (since the lamp was switched off), would represent a load when the lamp was switched on, which is sufficient to switch the mains isolator to a mains supply.
- bypass circuit R40, Q4
- the bypass circuit can only be deactivated in the phases during operation of the illuminant if a current flow through the current detector is detected.
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) preferably has a switchable element, such as a transistor (Q4), which can be driven and thus can deactivate the bypass circuit (R40, Q4).
- the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be deactivated by the monitoring circuit U1.
- An operation of the illuminant (LED) is to be understood to mean that the driver circuit for controlling and energizing the LED is not in operation. In this state, however, it is possible for a low supply voltage Vin to be present, but which is not sufficient for the driver circuit to supply the LED, and in particular in this state there is no high-frequency switching of the switch (S1) by the driver circuit. (The switch (S1) can be switched on by the driver circuit, but there is no quick (high-frequency) change between switching the switch (S1) on and off.) However, the supply voltage Vin present can be sufficient for certain parts of the driver circuit how to activate the bypass circuit or the hold circuit.
- the illuminant can also be a gas discharge lamp, for example.
- a light source for an LED can therefore be formed, with a base for inserting the light source into a commercially available lamp base, comprising a driver circuit according to the invention.
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- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Treiberschaltung für eine LED und ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer LED.The invention relates to a driver circuit for an LED and a method for driving an LED.
Derartige Treiberschaltungen werden in Beleuchtungssystemen verwendet, um eine farbige oder flächige Beleuchtung von Räumen, Wegen oder auch Fluchtwegen zu erreichen. Üblicherweise werden dabei die Leuchtmittel von Betriebsgeräten angesteuert und bei Bedarf aktiviert. Für eine derartige Beleuchtung werden organische oder anorganische Leuchtdioden (LED) als Lichtquelle genutzt.Such driver circuits are used in lighting systems to achieve colored or flat lighting of rooms, paths or escape routes. The illuminants are usually controlled by operating devices and activated if necessary. Organic or inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) are used as the light source for such lighting.
Zur Beleuchtung werden anstelle von Gasentladungslampen und Glühlampen immer häufiger auch Leuchtdioden als Lichtquelle eingesetzt. Die Effizienz und Lichtausbeute von Leuchtdioden wird immer stärker erhöht, so dass sie bei verschiedenen Anwendungen der Allgemeinbeleuchtung bereits zum Einsatz kommen. Allerdings sind Leuchtdioden Punktlichtquellen und strahlen stark gebündeltes Licht aus.Instead of gas discharge lamps and incandescent lamps, light-emitting diodes are increasingly being used as lighting sources for lighting. The efficiency and luminous efficacy of light emitting diodes is increasing more and more, so that they are already being used in various general lighting applications. However, light emitting diodes are point light sources and emit highly concentrated light.
Heutige LED Beleuchtungssystem haben oft jedoch den Nachteil, dass aufgrund von Alterung oder durch Austausch einzelner LEDs oder LED Module sich die Farbabgabe oder die Helligkeit verändern kann. Zudem hat die Sekundäroptik einen Einfluss auf das Thermomanagement, da die Wärmeabstrahlung behindert wird. Zudem kann es aufgrund von Alterung und Wärmeeinwirkung zu einer Veränderung des Phosphors der LED kommen.However, today's LED lighting systems often have the disadvantage that the color or the brightness can change due to aging or by replacing individual LEDs or LED modules. Secondary optics also have an impact on thermal management, since heat radiation is impeded. In addition, the phosphor of the LED may change due to aging and the effects of heat.
Eine Helligkeitsänderung ist oft nur mit einer aufwändigen Steuerschaltung möglich, eine einfache Anschlußmöglichkeit an handelsübliche Dimmer ist nicht gegeben, da es in Zusammenwirkung mit den meisten Dimmern zu einem Flackern des Lichtes kommt, oder die Dimmer gar nicht funktionieren.A change in brightness is often only possible with an elaborate control circuit, there is no easy connection to commercially available dimmers, because in conjunction with most dimmers the light flickers or the dimmers do not work at all.
Das Dokument
Das
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Leuchtmittel und ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, welches das einen störungsfreien und energiesparenden Betrieb durch ein Leuchtmittel mit Leuchtdioden ohne die oben genannten Nachteile bzw. unter einer deutlichen Reduzierung dieser Nachteile ermöglicht.It is the object of the invention to provide a light source and a method which ensure trouble-free and energy-saving operation by means of a Illuminants with light-emitting diodes without the disadvantages mentioned above or with a significant reduction of these disadvantages.
Dieser Aufgabe wird durch die unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Im Folgenden dargestellte Ausführungen zu Ausführungsbeispielen, welche nicht von den Ansprüchen abgedeckt sind, sind als hilfreiche Beispiele für das Verständnis der Erfindung und nicht als erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele zu verstehen.This task is solved by the independent claims. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims. The explanations given below for exemplary embodiments which are not covered by the claims are to be understood as helpful examples for understanding the invention and not as exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung -
Fig. 2 zeigt ein erstes hilfreiches Beispiel -
Fig. 3 zeigt ein weiteres hilfreiches Beispiel -
Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres hilfreiches Beispiel
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Fig. 1 shows the inventive device -
Fig. 2 shows a first helpful example -
Fig. 3 shows another helpful example -
Fig. 4 shows another helpful example
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß
Die Treiberschaltung für eine LED weist einen Anschluss für eine Netzspannung, eine Filterschaltung (L1) und einen Gleichrichter (GR1), eine Induktivität (L2) und einen Schalter (S1) auf. Auf den Gleichrichter (GR1) folgt ein Zwischenspeicherelement (C1), wobei dieses vorzugsweise nur zum Herausfiltern von hochfrequenten Spannungsänderungen dient und nicht eine starke Glättung der Spannung am Ausgang des Gleichrichters (GR1) vornimmt. Es kann sich bei dem Zwischenspeicherelement (C1) beispielsweise um einen Kondensator, vorzugsweise einen Filterkondensator, handeln. Die Induktivität (L2) weist vorzugsweise eine Primärwicklung (L2p) und eine daran gekoppelte Sekundärwicklung (L2s) auf.The driver circuit for an LED has a connection for a mains voltage, a filter circuit (L1) and a rectifier (GR1), an inductor (L2) and a switch (S1). The rectifier (GR1) is followed by a buffer element (C1), which is preferably only used to filter out high-frequency voltage changes and does not perform a strong smoothing of the voltage at the output of the rectifier (GR1). The intermediate storage element (C1) can be, for example, a capacitor, preferably a filter capacitor. The inductance (L2) preferably has a primary winding (L2p) and a secondary winding (L2s) coupled to it.
Die Induktivität (L2) wird aufmagnetisiert, wenn der Schalter geschlossen ist, und die Induktivität (L2) wird entmagnetisiert, wenn der Schalter S1 geöffnet ist, und zumindest während der Phase der Entmagnetisierung speist der Strom durch die Induktivität (L2) die LED.The inductor (L2) is magnetized when the switch is closed, and the inductor (L2) is demagnetized when the switch S1 is open, and at least during the demagnetization phase, the current through the inductor (L2) feeds the LED.
Der Schalter S1 wird stets nur dann geöffnet, wenn der Strom durch den Schalter S1 einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht hat.The switch S1 is only ever opened when the current through the switch S1 has reached a predetermined threshold value.
Der Strom durch den Schalter S1 kann mittels einer Stromerfassung Ip (beispielsweise einen Stromshunt) erfasst werden. Die Stromerfassung Ip kann aber auch direkt am Schalter S1 erfolgen (beispielsweise bei einem sog. SENSE FET, der eine integrierte Überwachung des Stromes enthält). Insbesondere ist keine zeitliche Begrenzung der Einschaltzeitdauer vorgegeben, sondern es ist auch eine unendliche Einschaltzeit des Schalters S1 möglich.The current through the switch S1 can be detected by means of a current detection Ip (for example a current shunt). The current detection Ip can, however, also take place directly at the switch S1 (for example in the case of a so-called SENSE FET, which contains an integrated monitoring of the current). In particular, there is no time limit on the switch-on time, but an infinite switch-on time of switch S1 is also possible.
Die Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1 kann von der erfassten Amplitude des Stromes durch die LED abhängig sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Rückführung der Erfassung der Amplitude des Stromes durch die LED potentialgetrennt ausgeführt (d.h. die Regelschleife für die Abhängigkeit der Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1). Die Ausschaltdauer kann aber beispielsweise auch festgelegt sein (fix eingestellt).The switch-off duration of the switch S1 can depend on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. The feedback of the detection of the amplitude of the current by the LED is preferably electrically isolated (i.e. the control loop for the dependence of the switch-off duration of the switch S1). However, the switch-off time can, for example, also be fixed (fixed setting).
Die Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1 kann beispielsweise auch vom Entmagnetisierungsstrom direkt oder indirekt abhängig sein.The switch-off duration of the switch S1 can, for example, also be directly or indirectly dependent on the demagnetizing current.
Der Schalter S1 kann immer dann eingeschaltet werden, wenn eine Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität (L2) festgestellt wird. Ein Einschalten kann aber auch immer erst bei entmagnetisierter Induktivität (L2) erfolgen, zwischen dem Zeitpunkt der Entmagnetisierung und dem Wiedereinschalten kann auch eine gewisse Zeitspanne liegen.The switch S1 can be switched on whenever a demagnetization of the inductance (L2) is detected. However, switching on can always only take place with demagnetized inductance (L2); there may also be a certain time between demagnetization and switching on again.
Die Treiberschaltung kann an einen handelüblichen Dimmer angeschlossen werden, und der Schalter S1 kann während der Phasen, in denen der Dimmer einen Teil der Phase abschneidet, geschlossen sein, um einen Reststrom über die Induktivität und den Schalter S1 zu führen und somit den Dimmer zu belasten. Dieser Reststrom durch den Schalter S1 wird aber durch den vorgegebenen Schwellenwert begrenzt, um eine Überlastung des Schalters S1 zu vermeiden.The driver circuit can be connected to a commercially available dimmer, and the switch S1 can be closed during the phases in which the dimmer cuts off a part of the phase in order to conduct a residual current through the inductance and the switch S1 and thus load the dimmer . However, this residual current through switch S1 is limited by the predetermined threshold value in order to avoid overloading switch S1.
Die Induktivität (L2) kann Transformator (L2p, L2s) sein, der als potentialtrennendes Glied dient.The inductance (L2) can be a transformer (L2p, L2s), which serves as a potential-isolating element.
Es kann also die Treiberschaltung durch hochfrequentes Takten des Schalters (S1) Energie über die Induktivität (L2) an das Leuchtmittel (LED) übertragen werden. Der Schalter (S1) kann beispielsweise ein Feldeffekttransistor, wie beispielsweise ein MOSFET, oder ein Bipolartransistor sein.The driver circuit can thus be transmitted to the light source (LED) by high-frequency switching of the switch (S1) via the inductance (L2). The switch (S1) can be, for example, a field effect transistor, such as a MOSFET, or a bipolar transistor.
Der vorgegebene Schwellenwert kann von der aktuellen Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin abhängen. In einer einfachen Variante kann beispielweise, wenn die Versorgungsspannung Vin einen gewissen Wert überschreitet, eine Erhöhung des Schwellenwertes erfolgen. Es kann aber auch eine mehrstufige Erhöhung des Schwellenwertes erfolgen.The predetermined threshold value can depend on the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. In a simple variant, for example, if the supply voltage Vin exceeds a certain value, the threshold value can be increased. However, the threshold value can also be increased in several stages.
Insbesondere kann der vorgegebene Schwellenwert kann von dem aktuellen Amplitudenwert der gleichgerichteten Sinushalbwelle der AC-Wechselspannung abhängen, wenn als Versorgungsspannung eine AC-Wechselspannung mit typischerweise 50 Hz oder 60 Hz Frequenz anliegt. Der aktuelle Amplitudenwert wird vorzugsweise mit einer hochfrequenten Abtastung oder ständigen Überwachung überwacht, es wird also vorzugsweise nicht der über eine oder mehrere Perioden gemittelte Wert der Versorgungsspannung erfasst.In particular, the predefined threshold value can depend on the current amplitude value of the rectified sine half-wave of the AC AC voltage if an AC AC voltage with typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequency is present as the supply voltage. The current amplitude value is preferably monitored with a high-frequency sampling or constant monitoring, so the value of the supply voltage averaged over one or more periods is preferably not recorded.
Diese Überwachung der aktuellen Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin kann durch eine Überwachungsschaltung U1 erfolgen. Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann beispielsweise eine integrierte Schaltung (beispielsweise ein ASIC, Microcontroller oder DSP) sein. Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann abhängig von der Überwachung der aktuellen Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin den Schwellenwert für das Öffnen des Schalters S1 vorgeben.This monitoring of the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin can be carried out by a monitoring circuit U1. The monitoring circuit U1 can, for example, be an integrated circuit (for example an ASIC, microcontroller or DSP). Depending on the monitoring of the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin, the monitoring circuit U1 can specify the threshold value for the opening of the switch S1.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann beispielsweise über dem Zwischenspeicherelement C1 bzw. am (positiven) Ausgang des Gleichrichters GR1 erfassen oder auch, sofern vorhanden, vor dem Entkoppelglied oder den Spannungsunterschied über dem Entkoppelglied (vorzugsweise durch je eine Spannungsmessung vor und hinter dem Entkoppelglied) erfassen. In einer einfachen Variante erfolgt die Spannungsmessung mittels eines Spannungsteilers, der die Spannung über dem Zwischenspeicherelement C1 bzw. am (positiven) Ausgang des Gleichrichters GR1 abgreift und auf ein Potential herabsetzt, welches durch die Überwachungsschaltung U1 ausgewertet werden kann.The monitoring circuit U1 can detect, for example, via the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1 or, if present, before the decoupling element or the voltage difference across the decoupling element (preferably by measuring the voltage in front of and behind the decoupling element). In a simple variant, the voltage measurement is carried out by means of a voltage divider which taps the voltage across the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1 and reduces it to a potential which can be evaluated by the monitoring circuit U1.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann aber auch so ausgelegt sein (beispielsweise in Hochvolttechnologie), dass sie direkt die Spannung über dem Zwischenspeicherelement C1 bzw. am (positiven) Ausgang des Gleichrichters GR1 erfassen kann.However, the monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed (for example in high-voltage technology) in such a way that it can directly detect the voltage across the buffer element C1 or at the (positive) output of the rectifier GR1.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann auch den Schalter S1 ansteuern. In diesem Fall kann die Überwachungsschaltung U1 einerseits den Strom durch den Schalter S1 kann mittels einer Stromerfassung Ip (beispielsweise einen Stromshunt) überwachen und zusätzlich die aktuelle Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin überwachen.The monitoring circuit U1 can also control the switch S1. In this case, the monitoring circuit U1 can on the one hand monitor the current through the switch S1 by means of a current detection Ip (for example a current shunt) and additionally monitor the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann das Öffnen des Schalters S1 immer dann auslösen, wenn der vorgegebene Schwellenwert für den Strom durch den Schalter S1 erreicht wird.The monitoring circuit U1 can always trigger the opening of the switch S1 when the predetermined threshold value for the current through the switch S1 is reached.
Der Schwellenwert wird vorzugsweise wie bereits erwähnt aufgrund der Überwachung der aktuellen Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin vorgegeben. Als Schwellenwert können beispielsweise nur zwei Werte vorgegeben werden, wobei bei Anliegen einer Versorgungsspannung Vin unterhalb eines bestimmten Wertes der untere Schwellenwert vorgegeben wird und bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Wertes für die Versorgungsspannung Vin der obere Schwellenwert vorgegeben wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass mehrere Schwellenwerte in einer Art Tabelle abgelegt sind und diese entsprechend den Vorgaben der Tabelle für verschiedene Spannungsbereiche der Versorgungsspannung Vin vorgegeben werden.As already mentioned, the threshold value is preferably predetermined on the basis of monitoring the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. For example, only two values can be specified as the threshold value, the lower threshold value being specified when a supply voltage Vin is below a certain value and the upper threshold value is specified when a specific value for the supply voltage Vin is exceeded. However, it is also possible for several threshold values to be stored in a type of table and for these to be specified for different voltage ranges of the supply voltage Vin in accordance with the table.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann auch zweiteilig ausgeführt sein (beispielsweise in Form zweier integrierter Schaltkreise, die miteinander verknüpft sind). Es kann zum einen eine erste Überwachungsschaltung U1a vorhanden sein, die abhängig von einer Überwachung der aktuellen Amplitude der Versorgungsspannung Vin einen Schwellenwert vorgibt. Die erste Überwachungsschaltung U1a kann diesen Schwellenwert an eine zweite Überwachungsschaltung U1b weiterleiten. Die zweite Überwachungsschaltung U1b kann die Ansteuerung des Schalters S1 durchführen.The monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed in two parts (for example in the form of two integrated circuits which are linked to one another). On the one hand, there can be a first monitoring circuit U1a, which specifies a threshold value as a function of monitoring the current amplitude of the supply voltage Vin. The first monitoring circuit U1a can forward this threshold value to a second monitoring circuit U1b. The second monitoring circuit U1b can control the switch S1.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1b kann den Strom durch den Schalter S1 überwachen und davon abhängig den Schalter S1 ansteuern. Diese Ansteuerung kann abhängig von dem durch die erste Überwachungsschaltung U1a vorgegebenen Schwellenwert sein.The monitoring circuit U1b can monitor the current through the switch S1 and, depending on this, actuate the switch S1. This activation can be dependent on the threshold value specified by the first monitoring circuit U1a.
Zusätzlich kann die Ansteuerung von weiteren Überwachungen abhängig sein, beispielsweise von einer Überwachung der Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L2, der erfassten Spannung der LED oder der erfassten Amplitude des Stromes durch die LED. Vorzugsweise sind alle Rückführungen oder Überwachungen auf der Sekundärseite potentialgetrennt ausgeführt, d.h. die Rückkopplung der auf der Ausgangsseite (Sekundärseite) erfassten Signale zur Überwachungsschaltung U1 erfolgt über eine Potentialtrennung (beispielsweise mittels Optokoppler oder Transformator). Vorzugsweise ist wie bereits erläutert die Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1 von der erfassten Amplitude des Stromes durch die LED abhängig.In addition, the control can be dependent on further monitoring, for example on monitoring the demagnetization of the inductance L2, the detected voltage of the LED or the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. Preferably, all returns or monitors on the secondary side are electrically isolated, i.e. the feedback of the signals detected on the output side (secondary side) to the monitoring circuit U1 takes place via potential isolation (for example by means of an optocoupler or transformer). As already explained, the switch-off duration of the switch S1 is preferably dependent on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED.
Die Induktivität L2 kann ein Transformator L2p, L2s sein, der als potentialtrennendes Glied dient. Dabei ist die Primärwicklung L2p des Transformators in Serie mit dem Schalter S1 verbunden. Die magnetisch an die Primärwicklung L2p gekoppelte Sekundärwicklung L2s ist mit einem Gleichrichter (D2) und einer Glättungsschaltung (C2) verbunden, an welche die LED angeschlossen werden können. Der Gleichrichter (D2) an der Sekundärwicklung L2s des Transformators kann durch eine Diode D2 oder auch durch einen Vollweggleichrichter gebildet werden.The inductor L2 can be a transformer L2p, L2s, which serves as a potential-isolating element. The primary winding L2p of the transformer is connected in series with the switch S1. The secondary winding L2s magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p is connected to a rectifier (D2) and a smoothing circuit (C2) to which the LEDs can be connected. The rectifier (D2) on the secondary winding L2s of the transformer can be formed by a diode D2 or by a full-wave rectifier.
Die Induktivität L2 kann bei ihrer Entmagnetisierung eine Glättungsschaltung speisen, diese Glättungsschaltung kann beispielsweise ein Kondensator C2 oder ein LC (Kondensator-Induktivität C2-L3) oder CLC (Kondensator-Induktivität -Kondensator C2-L3-C3) Filter sein. Die Sekundärseite mit der Glättungsschaltung (C2) ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, dass eine Konstantstromspeisung der LED ermöglicht wird.When demagnetized, the inductor L2 can feed a smoothing circuit; this smoothing circuit can be, for example, a capacitor C2 or an LC (capacitor inductor C2-L3) or CLC (capacitor inductor capacitor C2-L3-C3) filter. The secondary side with the smoothing circuit (C2) is preferably designed so that a constant current supply of the LED is made possible.
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer LED über einen Dimmer ermöglicht, wobei die LED über die Treiberschaltung angesteuert wird, und wobei durch hochfrequentes Takten des Schalters S1 Energie über die Induktivität L2 an das Leuchtmittel LED übertragen wird. Der Schalter S1 wird auch in Phasen geschlossen gehalten, wenn der Dimmer die Phase abschneidet und stets nur dann geöffnet wird, wenn der Strom durch den Schalter S1 einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht hat. Das bedeutet, dass auch in den Phasen, wo der Dimmer die Phase abschneidet (d.h. es wird keine Netzspannung durchgelassen), der Schalter S1 geschlossen gehalten wird, solange der Strom durch den Schalter S1 nicht einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht hat. Erst dann wird der Schalter S1 für eine gewisse Zeit offen gehalten (abhängig von der jeweiligen Bedingung für die Festlegung der Ausschaltzeit wie bereits erwähnt) und wieder eingeschaltet. In den Phasen, in denen der Dimmer die Phase abschneidet, kann es somit im Vergleich zu der Phase mit anliegender Netzspannung, zu längeren Einschaltzeiten des Schalters S1 kommen, da aufgrund der nicht anliegenden Netzspannung der Strom durch die Induktivität L2 und den Schalter S1 langsamer ansteigt.A method for controlling an LED via a dimmer is made possible, the LED being controlled via the driver circuit, and energy being transmitted to the illuminant LED via the inductance L2 by high-frequency clocking of the switch S1. The switch S1 is also kept closed in phases if the dimmer cuts off the phase and is only ever opened when the current through the switch S1 has reached a predetermined threshold value. This means that even in the phases where the dimmer cuts off the phase (i.e. no mains voltage is let through), switch S1 is kept closed as long as the current through switch S1 has not reached a predetermined threshold value. Only then is the switch S1 kept open for a certain time (depending on the respective condition for determining the switch-off time as already mentioned) and switched on again. In the phases in which the dimmer cuts off the phase, compared to the phase with the mains voltage applied, switch S1 can be switched on longer because the current through inductor L2 and switch S1 rises more slowly due to the mains voltage not being applied .
Es kann die Treiberschaltung mit der Überwachungsschaltung U1 auch so ausgelegt sein, dass der Schalter (S1) auch geschlossen gehalten wird, wenn das Leuchtmittel (LED) nicht in Betrieb ist oder nur mit einer Versorgungsspannung Vin gespeist wird, die weit unterhalb der nominalen Versorgungsspannung Vin liegt, und stets nur dann geöffnet wird, wenn der Strom durch den Schalter (S1) einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht hat. Beispielsweise durch eine Halteschaltung kann der Schalter (S1) im geschlossenen Zustand gehalten werden, sofern er nicht durch eine entsprechende aktive Ansteuerung ausgeschaltet wird. Beispielsweise kann die aktive Ansteuerung zum Ausschalten (Öffnen) des Schalters (S1) durch Überbrücken der Halteschaltung oder durch ein Herabziehen des Ansteuerpegels für den Steueranschluß des Schalters (S1) erfolgen.The driver circuit with the monitoring circuit U1 can also be designed such that the switch (S1) is also kept closed when the illuminant (LED) is not in operation or is only supplied with a supply voltage Vin that is far below the nominal supply voltage Vin lies, and is only opened when the current through the switch (S1) has reached a predetermined threshold. The switch (S1) can be kept in the closed state, for example by a holding circuit, provided that it is not switched off by a corresponding active control. For example, the active control for switching off (opening) the switch (S1) can be carried out by bridging the holding circuit or by pulling down the control level for the control connection of the switch (S1).
Die Halteschaltung kann auch derart ausgeführt sein, dass sie, sobald eine geringe Spannung am Eingang der Treiberschaltung anliegt, bereits den Schalter (S1) geschlossen hält, während die Treiberschaltung an sich noch nicht anläuft.The holding circuit can also be designed in such a way that, as soon as a low voltage is present at the input of the driver circuit, it already keeps the switch (S1) closed while the driver circuit itself is not yet starting.
Somit kann ein Leuchtmittel für eine LED gebildet werden, mit einem Sockel zum Einsatz des Leuchtmittels in einen handelsüblichen Lampensockel, aufweisend eine erfindungsgemäße Treiberschaltung.Thus, a lamp for an LED can be formed, with a base for inserting the lamp into a commercially available lamp base, having a driver circuit according to the invention.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß
Die Treiberschaltung weist einen Anschluss für eine Netzspannung, auf den ein Gleichrichter GR1 und eine Filterschaltung L1 sowie ein Zwischenspeicherelement folgen. Darauf folgt eine Induktivität L2 und einen Schalter S1.The driver circuit has a connection for a mains voltage, followed by a rectifier GR1 and a filter circuit L1, as well as a buffer element. This is followed by an inductor L2 and a switch S1.
Die Induktivität L2 wird aufmagnetisiert, wenn der Schalter S1 geschlossen ist, und die Induktivität L2 entmagnetisiert wird, wenn der Schalter S1 geöffnet ist, und zumindest während der Phase der Entmagnetisierung speist der Strom durch die Induktivität L2 die LED.Inductor L2 is magnetized when switch S1 is closed, and inductor L2 is demagnetized when switch S1 is open, and at least during the demagnetization phase, the current through inductor L2 feeds the LED.
Die Treiberschaltung kann als Hochsetzsteller-Schaltung oder auch als Sperrwandler-Schaltung aufgebaut sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Sperrwandler-Schaltung oder die Hochsetzsteller-Schaltung potentialgetrennt ausgeführt, d.h. die getaktete Induktivität L2 der Treiberschaltung weist eine Sekundärwicklung L2s auf, die magnetisch an die Primärwicklung L2p der Induktivität L2 gekoppelt ist.The driver circuit can be constructed as a step-up converter circuit or as a flyback converter circuit. The flyback converter circuit or the step-up converter circuit is advantageously designed to be electrically isolated, i.e. the clocked inductor L2 of the driver circuit has a secondary winding L2s which is magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p of the inductor L2.
Ein Stromdetektor, vorzugsweise ein unidirektionales Entkoppelglied, ist zwischen dem Gleichrichter GR1 und dem Zwischenspeicherelement C1 enthalten.A current detector, preferably a unidirectional decoupling element, is included between the rectifier GR1 and the buffer element C1.
Gemäß den Beispielen der
Am Ausgang des Gleichrichters GR1 ist eine Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) vorhanden, die deaktiviert wird, wenn der Stromdetektor (beispielsweise das Entkoppelglied) einen Strom durchlässt.At the output of the rectifier GR1 there is a bridging circuit (R40, Q4) which is deactivated when the current detector (for example the decoupling element) passes a current.
Es wird also immer dann eine Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) aktiviert wird, wenn ein Strom in die Treiberschaltung für eine LED fließt. Ein Strom in die Treiberschaltung für eine LED fließt immer dann, wenn über den Gleichrichter GR1 ein Strom über die Induktivität L2 und den Schalter S1 oder in das Zwischenspeicherelement fließt.A bypass circuit (R40, Q4) is therefore always activated when a current flows into the driver circuit for an LED. A current flows into the driver circuit for an LED whenever a current flows through the rectifier GR1 via the inductor L2 and the switch S1 or into the intermediate storage element.
Das Entkoppelglied wirkt somit als Stromdetektor. Sobald ein Strom über den Gleichrichter GR1 ein Strom über die Induktivität L2 und den Schalter S1 oder in das Zwischenspeicherelement fließt, fällt über dem Entkoppelglied eine Spannung ab, die nur geringfügig höher als die Spannung über dem Zwischenspeicherelement ist (also die Spannung hinter dem Entkoppelglied). Diese Spannung über dem Entkoppelglied kann überwacht werden. Diese Überwachung kann durch eine Überwachungsschaltung U1 erfolgen. Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann beispielsweise eine integrierte Schaltung sein.The decoupling element thus acts as a current detector. As soon as a current flows through the rectifier GR1 and a current flows through the inductance L2 and the switch S1 or into the intermediate storage element, a voltage drops across the decoupling element which is only slightly higher than the voltage across the intermediate storage element (i.e. the voltage behind the decoupling element). . This voltage across the decoupling element can be monitored. This monitoring can be carried out by a monitoring circuit U1. The monitoring circuit U1 can be an integrated circuit, for example.
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann abhängig von der Überwachung des Entkoppelgliedes als Stromdetektor die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) aktivieren oder deaktiveren.Depending on the monitoring of the decoupling element as a current detector, the monitoring circuit U1 can activate or deactivate the bypass circuit (R40, Q4).
Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann beispielsweise nur die Spannung vor dem Entkoppelglied oder den Spannungsunterschied über dem Entkoppelglied (vorzugsweise durch je eine Spannungsmessung vor und hinter dem Entkoppelglied) erfassen. Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann auch den Schalter S1 ansteuern.The monitoring circuit U1 can, for example, only detect the voltage in front of the decoupling element or the voltage difference across the decoupling element (preferably by measuring the voltage in front of and behind the decoupling element). The monitoring circuit U1 can also control the switch S1.
Das Entkoppelglied als Stromdetektor kann durch eine Diode D1 gebildet werden. Es kann aber auch ein Vollweggleichrichter DV1 als Entkoppelglied dienen.The decoupler as a current detector can be formed by a diode D1. However, a full-wave rectifier DV1 can also serve as a decoupling element.
Die Treiberschaltung kann an einen handelüblichen Dimmer angeschlossen werden, und die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann während der Phasen aktiviert sein, in denen der Dimmer einen Teil der Phase abschneidet, um einen Reststrom über die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) sowie die Induktivität L2 und den Schalter S1 zu führen und somit den Dimmer zu belasten.The driver circuit can be connected to a commercially available dimmer, and the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be activated during the phases in which the dimmer cuts off part of the phase in order to generate a residual current via the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) and the inductor L2 and to guide the switch S1 and thus load the dimmer.
Das Zwischenspeicherelement kann beispielsweise durch eine Valley Fill Schaltung (
Der Schalter S1 kann immer dann eingeschaltet werden, wenn eine Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L2 festgestellt wird.The switch S1 can be switched on whenever a demagnetization of the inductance L2 is determined.
Ein Einschalten kann aber auch immer erst bei entmagnetisierter Induktivität L2 erfolgen, zwischen dem Zeitpunkt der Entmagnetisierung und dem Wiedereinschalten kann auch eine gewisse Zeitspanne liegen.However, switching on can always only take place with demagnetized inductance L2, and there can also be a certain period of time between demagnetization and switching on again.
Der Schalter S1 kann beispielsweise durch einen integrierten Schaltkreis für eine Leistungsfaktorkorrektur angesteuert werden. Die Überwachungsschaltung U1 kann eine Steuerschaltung für eine Leistungsfaktorkorrektur enthalten.The switch S1 can be activated, for example, by an integrated circuit for a power factor correction. The monitoring circuit U1 can contain a control circuit for a power factor correction.
Die Induktivität L2 kann ein Transformator L2p, L2s sein, der als potentialtrennendes Glied dient. Dabei ist die Primärwicklung L2p des Transformators in Serie mit dem Schalter S1 verbunden.The inductor L2 can be a transformer L2p, L2s, which serves as a potential-isolating element. The primary winding L2p of the transformer is connected in series with the switch S1.
Die magnetisch an die Primärwicklung L2p gekoppelte Sekundärwicklung L2s ist mit einem Gleichrichter (D2) und einer Glättungsschaltung (C2) verbunden, an welche die LED angeschlossen werden können. Der Gleichrichter (D2) an der Sekundärwicklung L2s des Transformators kann durch eine Diode D2 oder auch durch einen Vollweggleichrichter gebildet werden.The secondary winding L2s magnetically coupled to the primary winding L2p is connected to a rectifier (D2) and a smoothing circuit (C2) to which the LEDs can be connected. The rectifier (D2) on the secondary winding L2s of the transformer can be formed by a diode D2 or by a full-wave rectifier.
Die Ein- und / oder Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1 kann von der erfassten Amplitude des Stromes durch die LED abhängig sein. Vorzugsweise sinkt die Ein- und / oder Ausschaltdauer des Schalters S1 aber nicht auf Null oder nahe Null ab. In einer einfachen Variante kann beispielweise eine Begrenzung des Stromes durch die LED durch eine Begrenzung der Einschaltdauer erfolgen.The on and / or off duration of the switch S1 can depend on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. However, the on and / or off duration of the switch S1 preferably does not decrease to or close to zero. In a simple variant, for example, the current can be limited by the LED by limiting the on-time.
Die Induktivität L2 kann bei ihrer Entmagnetisierung eine Glättungsschaltung (C2) speisen, diese Glättungsschaltung (C2) kann beispielsweise ein Kondensator C2 oder ein LC oder CLC Filter sein.When demagnetized, the inductor L2 can feed a smoothing circuit (C2); this smoothing circuit (C2) can be, for example, a capacitor C2 or an LC or CLC filter.
Die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann durch einen Widerstand R40 in Serie mit einem Schalter Q4 gebildet werden.The bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be formed by a resistor R40 in series with a switch Q4.
Die Überbrückungsschaltung kann aber auch als Überbrückungsschaltung eine Stromquelle (Konstantstromquelle) aufweisen. Ein Beispiel für eine Stromquelle (Konstantstromquelle) ist in
In
Der Stromdetektor wird hier durch Stromüberwachungsglied R34 gebildet. Abhängig vom Stromfluß durch das Stromüberwachungsglied R34 kann die Überwachungsschaltung U1 (gebildet durch einen Transistor Q5 und einen Widerstand R30, der mit einer internen Spannungsversorgung Vcc verbunden ist) die Überbrückungsschaltung aktivieren oder deaktivieren.The current detector is formed here by current monitoring element R34. Depending on the current flow through the current monitoring element R34, the monitoring circuit U1 (formed by a transistor Q5 and a resistor R30, which is connected to an internal voltage supply Vcc) can activate or deactivate the bypass circuit.
Sobald ein ausreichender Stromfluß durch den Stromdetektor (also das Stromüberwachungsglied R34) festgestellt wird, wird die Überbrückungsschaltung deaktiviert. Der Stromfluß durch das Stromüberwachungsglied R34 (Stromdetektor) ist der Strom, der über den Gleichrichter (GR1) in die Induktivität (L2) und den Schalter (S1) oder das Zwischenspeicherelement fließt.As soon as a sufficient current flow through the current detector (that is to say the current monitoring element R34) is ascertained, the bypass circuit is deactivated. The current flow through the current monitoring element R34 (current detector) is the current which flows via the rectifier (GR1) into the inductance (L2) and the switch (S1) or the intermediate storage element.
In dem Beispiel gemäß
Die Überbrückungsschaltung wird gemäß
Die Überbrückungsschaltung kann wie in
Der Gleichrichter, über den die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) mit dem Anschluss für eine Netzspannung verbunden ist, kann entweder der gleiche Gleichrichter sein, über den ein Strom in die Induktivität und den Schalter oder das Zwischenspeicherelement fließt (also der Gleichrichter GR1, siehe
Somit wird ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer LED ermöglicht, wobei die LED über eine Treiberschaltung angesteuert wird, und die Treiberschaltung aus einem Anschluss für eine Netzspannung über eine Filterschaltung (L1) und einen Gleichrichter (GR1) gespeist wird, und die Treiberschaltung ein Zwischenspeicherelement, eine Induktivität (L2) und einen Schalter (S1) aufweist, und wobei eine am Ausgang des Gleichrichters (GR1) vorhandene Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) deaktiviert wird, wenn ein Strom über den Gleichrichter (GR1) in Treiberschaltung fließt.This enables a method for controlling an LED, the LED being controlled via a driver circuit, the driver circuit being fed from a connection for a mains voltage via a filter circuit (L1) and a rectifier (GR1), and the driver circuit being an intermediate storage element, a Inductance (L2) and a switch (S1), and wherein a bypass circuit (R40, Q4) present at the output of the rectifier (GR1) is deactivated when a current flows through the rectifier (GR1) in the driver circuit.
Somit kann ein Leuchtmittel für eine LED aufgebaut werden, mit einem Sockel zum Einsatz des Leuchtmittels in einen handelsüblichen Lampensockel, aufweisend eine erfindungsgemäße Treiberschaltung.Thus, a lamp for an LED can be constructed, with a base for using the lamp in a commercially available lamp base, having a driver circuit according to the invention.
Es kann auch die Ausführungsform der
Es kann auch eine Treiberschaltung für ein Leuchtmittel, vorzugsweise für eine LED, aufweisend einen Anschluss für eine Netzspannung, einen Gleichrichter GR1 und eine Filterschaltung, ein Zwischenspeicherelement (C1), eine Induktivität L2 und einen Schalter S1, gebildet werden, wobei durch hochfrequentes Takten des Schalters S1 Energie über die Induktivität an das Leuchtmittel übertragen werden kann, und am Ausgang des Gleichrichters GR1 kann eine Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) derart angeordnet sein, dass diese aktiviert ist, wenn das Leuchtmittel (LED) nicht in Betrieb ist.It can also be a driver circuit for a lamp, preferably for an LED, having a connection for a mains voltage, a rectifier GR1 and a filter circuit, a buffer element (C1), an inductor L2 and a switch S1, formed by high-frequency clocking Switch S1 energy can be transmitted to the illuminant via the inductance, and a bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be arranged at the output of the rectifier GR1 such that it is activated when the illuminant (LED) is not in operation.
Dies kann beispielsweise der Fall sein, wenn keine Netzspannung oder nur eine geringe Spannung weit unterhalb der Netzspannung anliegt. Die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann also so ausgelegt sein, dass sie nur deaktiviert wird, wenn ein Betrieb des Leuchtmittels (LED) erfolgt. Die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann beispielsweise so verschaltet sein, dass ohne Ansteuerung (Aktivierung) dieser Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) ein Stromfluß durch diese erfolgt, sobald eine Spannung über der Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) anliegt. Die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann beispielsweise auch derart ausgeführt sein, dass sie, sobald eine geringe Spannung am Eingang der Treiberschaltung anliegt, bereits den Schalter (S1) geschlossen hält, während die Treiberschaltung an sich noch nicht anläuft.This can be the case, for example, if there is no mains voltage or only a low voltage far below the mains voltage. The bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can thus be designed such that it is only deactivated when the illuminant (LED) is in operation. The bridging circuit (R40, Q4) can, for example, be connected in such a way that a current flows through it without actuation (activation) of this bridging circuit (R40, Q4) as soon as a voltage is present across the bridging circuit (R40, Q4). The bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can, for example, also be designed such that, as soon as a low voltage is present at the input of the driver circuit, it already keeps the switch (S1) closed while the driver circuit itself is not yet starting.
Auf diese Weise kann auch eine bessere Kompatibilität zu sogenannten Netzfreischaltern erreicht werden. Netzfreischalter erkennen, wenn keine Last eingeschaltet ist (also kein nennenswerter Strom durch eine Last fließt), und trennen für diesen Fall den entsprechenden Stromkreis vom Netz. Um ein Wiedereinschalten einer Last (d.h. eines Verbrauchers) zu erkennen, schalten sie üblicherweise eine Spannung mit einem geringen Pegel von beispielsweise 20V auf. Die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4), die ja aktiviert wäre (da das Leuchtmittel abgeschaltet wurde), würde beim Zuschalten des Leuchtmittels eine Last darstellen, die ausreicht, um den Netzfreischalter auf eine Netzspeisung durchzuschalten.In this way, better compatibility with so-called mains isolators can also be achieved. Mains disconnectors recognize when no load is switched on (i.e. no significant current flows through a load) and disconnect the corresponding circuit from the mains in this case. To detect a load (i.e. a consumer) being switched on again, they usually switch on a voltage with a low level, for example 20V. The bridging circuit (R40, Q4), which would be activated (since the lamp was switched off), would represent a load when the lamp was switched on, which is sufficient to switch the mains isolator to a mains supply.
Zusätzlich kann die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) während des Betriebes des Leuchtmittels nur in den Phasen deaktiviert werden, wenn ein Stromfluß durch den Stromdetektor festgestellt wird.In addition, the bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can only be deactivated in the phases during operation of the illuminant if a current flow through the current detector is detected.
Vorzugsweise weist die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) ein schaltbares Element wie beispielsweise einen Transistor (Q4) auf, der angesteuert werden kann und somit die Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) deaktivieren kann. Die Deaktivierung der Überbrückungsschaltung (R40, Q4) kann durch die Überwachungsschaltung U1 erfolgen.The bypass circuit (R40, Q4) preferably has a switchable element, such as a transistor (Q4), which can be driven and thus can deactivate the bypass circuit (R40, Q4). The bypass circuit (R40, Q4) can be deactivated by the monitoring circuit U1.
Unter dem ein Betrieb des Leuchtmittels (LED) ist zu verstehen, dass die Treiberschaltung zur Ansteuerung und Energiespeisung der LED nicht in Betreib ist. In diesem Zustand ist es aber möglich, dass eine geringe Versorgungsspannung Vin anliegt, die aber nicht ausreicht, dass die Treiberschaltung zur Speisung der LED anläuft, und insbesondere findet in diesem Zustand keine hochfrequente Taktung des Schalters (S1) durch die Treiberschaltung statt. (Wobei der Schalter (S1) durch die Treiberschaltung eingeschaltet werden kann, es findet aber kein schneller (hochfrequenter) Wechsel zwischen Ein - und Ausschalten des Schalters (S1) statt.) Die anliegende Versorgungsspannung Vin kann allerdings ausreichend sein, um bestimmte Teile der Treiberschaltung wie die Überbrückungsschaltung oder die Halteschaltung zu aktivieren.An operation of the illuminant (LED) is to be understood to mean that the driver circuit for controlling and energizing the LED is not in operation. In this state, however, it is possible for a low supply voltage Vin to be present, but which is not sufficient for the driver circuit to supply the LED, and in particular in this state there is no high-frequency switching of the switch (S1) by the driver circuit. (The switch (S1) can be switched on by the driver circuit, but there is no quick (high-frequency) change between switching the switch (S1) on and off.) However, the supply voltage Vin present can be sufficient for certain parts of the driver circuit how to activate the bypass circuit or the hold circuit.
Das Leuchtmittel kann beispielsweise aber auch eine Gasentladungslampe sein.The illuminant can also be a gas discharge lamp, for example.
Es kann somit gemäß der Erfindung ein Leuchtmittel für eine LED, mit einem Sockel zum Einsatz des Leuchtmittels in einen handelsüblichen Lampensockel, aufweisend eine erfindungsgemäße Treiberschaltung gebildet werden.According to the invention, a light source for an LED can therefore be formed, with a base for inserting the light source into a commercially available lamp base, comprising a driver circuit according to the invention.
Claims (10)
- A driver circuit for an LED, having a connection for a mains voltage, a rectifier (GR1) and a filter circuit (L1), an inductor (L2) with a primary winding (L2p) and a secondary winding (L2s) coupled thereto and a switch (S1),
wherein the inductor (L2) is magnetized, when the switch (S1) is closed, and the inductor (L2) is demagnetized, when the switch (S1) is opened, and at least during the phase of the demagnetization the current feeds the LED through the inductor (L2),
wherein the switch (S1) is always opened only when the current through the switch (S1) has reached a predetermined threshold value,
wherein a supply voltage is detected via the rectified voltage,
characterized in
that the predetermined threshold value depends on the current amplitude of the supply voltage (Vin), wherein the driver circuit can be connected to a commercially available dimmer not belonging to the driver circuit and
wherein the switch (S1) is also kept closed, if the dimmer cuts off part of the phase, as long as the current through the switch (S1) has not reached a further predetermined threshold value. - The driver circuit for an LED according to Claim 1,
characterized in that the switch-off time of the switch (S1) is dependent on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. - The driver circuit for an LED according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the switch-off time of the switch (S1) is dependent on the demagnetization current. - The driver circuit for an LED according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a residual current is conducted via the inductor (L2) and the switch (S1), in order to load the dimmer. - The driver circuit for an LED according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the switch (S1) is always switched on when a demagnetization of the inductor (L2) detected. - The driver circuit for an LED according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the inductor (L2) serves as a potential-separating element and the inductor (L2) feeds a smoothing circuit (C2) during its demagnetization. - The driver circuit for an LED according to any one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the switch-on and/or switch-off time of the switch (S1) is dependent on the detected amplitude of the current through the LED. - A lighting means for an LED, with a base for insertion of the lighting means into a commercially available lamp base, having a driver circuit according to any one the preceding claims.
- The driver circuit according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein by means of a holding circuit the switch (S1) is held in the closed state. - A method for the control of an LED via a dimmer,
wherein the LED is controlled via a driver circuit according to Claim 1, wherein a supply voltage (Vin) is detected via the rectified voltage, characterized in that the predetermined threshold value depends on the current amplitude of the supply voltage (Vin), and
that the switch (S1) is kept closed, when the dimmer cuts off a part of the phase, as long as the current through the switch (S1) has not reached a further predetermined threshold value.
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AT2132009 | 2009-04-03 | ||
AT18502009 | 2009-11-20 | ||
PCT/EP2010/002133 WO2010112237A1 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-02 | Driver circuit for an led |
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EP2420108A1 EP2420108A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
EP2420108B1 true EP2420108B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
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EP10719585.1A Active EP2420108B1 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-02 | Driving circuit for leds |
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EP (1) | EP2420108B1 (en) |
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CN111837460A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-10-27 | Lg伊诺特有限公司 | Lighting control device |
Citations (2)
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US20080018261A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2008-01-24 | Kastner Mark A | LED power supply with options for dimming |
US20080316781A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-25 | Green Mark Technology Inc. | Buck converter led driver circuit |
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US5680036A (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-10-21 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Logarithmic power compensation for a switching power supply |
DE602004013138T2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR CONTROLLING THE ELECTRICITY OF LUMINAIRE DIODES |
US7656103B2 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2010-02-02 | Exclara, Inc. | Impedance matching circuit for current regulation of solid state lighting |
EP2592904A1 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2013-05-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High power factor LED-based lighting apparatus and methods |
EP2158794B1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-12-28 | Tridonic GmbH & Co KG | Operating device for operating a light source, particularly an led |
-
2010
- 2010-04-02 EP EP10719585.1A patent/EP2420108B1/en active Active
- 2010-04-02 CN CN201080019793.1A patent/CN102428754B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20080018261A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2008-01-24 | Kastner Mark A | LED power supply with options for dimming |
US20080316781A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-25 | Green Mark Technology Inc. | Buck converter led driver circuit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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TIGER ZHOU: "Primary-Side Sensing TakesComplexity out of IsolatedFlyback Converter Design", 31 January 2009 (2009-01-31), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/lt-journal/LTMag-V18N4-06a-LT3573-Tiger_Zhou.pdf> [retrieved on 20141215] * |
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EP2420108A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
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